JP4263819B2 - Laminated glass interlayer film and laminated glass - Google Patents

Laminated glass interlayer film and laminated glass Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4263819B2
JP4263819B2 JP28722399A JP28722399A JP4263819B2 JP 4263819 B2 JP4263819 B2 JP 4263819B2 JP 28722399 A JP28722399 A JP 28722399A JP 28722399 A JP28722399 A JP 28722399A JP 4263819 B2 JP4263819 B2 JP 4263819B2
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Prior art keywords
laminated glass
interlayer film
parts
intermediate film
weight
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JP2001106555A (en
Inventor
明彦 坂東
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10688Adjustment of the adherence to the glass layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal

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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、合わせガラス用中間膜及びこの中間膜を用いた合わせガラスに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、少なくとも一対のガラス板の間に、合わせガラス用中間膜が挟着されてなる合わせガラスは、外部衝撃を受けて破損しても、ガラスの破片が飛散することが少なく安全であるため、自動車のような車輌、航空機、建築物等の窓ガラス等に広く使用されている。このような合わせガラスに用いられる中間膜としては、可塑剤により可塑化されたポリビニルアセタール樹脂からなる中間膜が、優れたガラスとの接着性、強靭な引張強度、及び高い透明性を兼ね備えており、特に、自動車等の車輌の窓ガラス等として好適に用いられる。
【0003】
近年、中間膜の品質に対する要求が厳しく、静電気によるほこりや異物等の中間膜への付着等が問題となり、優れた帯電防止性能を有する合わせガラス用中間膜が要望されてきている。
【0004】
しかし、上記可塑化ポリビニルアセタール樹脂からなる中間膜は、表面抵抗が1013Ω/cm2 程度であり、一般に帯電しにくく、また、ガラス板の間に挟着されて使用されるために、帯電防止性能について考慮されることは少なかった。
【0005】
一方、透明プラスチックに広く用いられている帯電防止剤による帯電防止の方法を、このような中間膜に適用すると、中間膜とガラスとの接着性や、透明性、耐久性等が損なわれるため、適当な組み合わせが見い出されていなかった。
【0006】
上記の問題点を解決したものとして、例えば、特開平7−223849号公報には、非イオン系帯電防止剤が練り込まれているか、又は塗布されている合わせガラス用中間膜が開示されているが、一般に、非イオン系帯電防止剤は、十分な帯電防止性能を得るためには多くの含有量を要し、中間膜物性に悪影響を与える可能性が大きいという問題があった。
【0007】
また、中間膜には、可塑剤として、一般にアジピン酸ジヘキシル、トリエチレングリコールジ2−エチルブチレート等が用いられているが、合わせガラス製造の際に、オートクレーブ時の火災発生や、オートクレーブ後の合わせガラス端部のトリムカット作業が難しいという問題点があり、より高沸点の可塑剤が期待されてきている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来の問題点を解決するため、透明性、耐光性、耐候性、耐衝撃性、接着性等の合わせガラス用中間膜としての基本的な性能に優れ、且つ、耐湿性、帯電防止性に優れ、さらに、合わせガラス製造の際に、オートクレーブ時の火災発生の恐れが低減し、合わせガラス端部のトリムカット作業性が向上した合わせガラス用中間膜を提供することを課題とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の発明(以下、発明1という)による合わせガラス用中間膜は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部、トリエチレングリコールジ2−エチルヘキサノエート20〜60重量部、2−エチル酪酸マグネシウムと酢酸マグネシウムとの混合物0.01〜0.1重量部及び炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩0.005〜0.5重量部からなる合わせガラス用中間膜であって、上記混合物が、重量比で0.5<2−エチル酪酸マグネシウム/酢酸マグネシウム<3.0の関係を満たす混合物であることを特徴とする。
【0010】
請求項2に記載の発明(以下、発明2という)による合わせガラス用中間膜は、上記発明1による合わせガラス用中間膜において、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂が、ブチラール化度が66〜72モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂であることを特徴とする。
【0011】
請求項3に記載の発明(以下、発明3という)による合わせガラスは、少なくとも一対のガラス間に、発明1又は2による合わせガラス用中間膜を介在させ、一体化させてなることを特徴とする。
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0012】
発明1による中間膜において用いられるポリビニルアセタール樹脂としては、ブチラール化度が66〜72モル%であるポリビニルブチラール樹脂(以下、PVBという)が好適に使用される。ブチラール化度が67.5〜70モル%であるPVBがより好ましい。上記ブチラール化度が66モル%未満では、得られる中間膜の吸水性が上がるため合わせガラス周縁部に白化現象を起こし易くなることがあり、逆に、ブチラール化度が72モル%を超えると、得られる中間膜の機械的強度が不十分となることがある。
【0013】
上記PVBの製造方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール(以下、PVAという)を熱水に溶解し、得られた水溶液を10〜20℃に保持しておいて、所要のブチルアルデヒドと酸触媒とを加えてアセタール化反応を進行させ、次いで温度を70℃に昇温して保持し反応を完結させた後、中和、水洗及び乾燥を行ってPVB粉末を得る方法等が挙げられる。
【0014】
上記PVAとしては、平均重合度1000〜2500のものが好ましい。この平均重合度が1000未満では、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性等が低下することがあり、平均重合度が2500を超えると、中間膜の製造が困難となることがある。
【0015】
また、上記PVAは、鹸化度が95モル%以上であるものが好ましい。鹸化度が95モル%未満であると、得られる中間膜の透明性、耐熱性、耐光性、耐候性等が不十分となることがある。
【0016】
発明1による中間膜においては、可塑剤として、トリエチレングリコールジ2−エチルヘキサノエート(以下、3GOという)を20〜60重量部含有することが必要である。3GOの含有量が20重量部未満では、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性等が低下し、3GOの含有量が60重量部を超えると、得られる中間膜から3GOがブリードアウトし易くなり、中間膜の透明性や接着性が低下する。
【0017】
上記3GOは、トリエチレングリコールとその2倍当量以上の2−エチルヘキサン酸とを触媒の存在下で反応させることにより製造することができる。
【0018】
発明1による中間膜においては、2−エチル酪酸マグネシウム(以下、C6 Mgという)と酢酸マグネシウム(以下、C2 Mgという)との混合物が0.01〜0.1重量部含有されていることが必要であり、好ましくは0.03〜0.08重量部である。上記C6 MgとC2 Mgとの混合物の含有量が0.01未満では、接着力調整効果が無くなるため耐貫通性が低下し、逆に0.1重量部を超えるとと、得られる合わせガラスの透明性、耐湿性が悪化する。
【0019】
また、発明1による中間膜においては、上記混合物が、重量比で0.5<C6 Mg/C2 Mg<3.0の関係を満たす混合物であることが必要であり、好ましくは重量比で1.0<C6 Mg/C2 Mg<2.5である。上記C6 Mg/C2 Mg(重量比)が0.5未満では、上記混合物が中間膜中で凝集を起こして、得られる合わせガラスの耐湿性が低下し、逆に2.5を超えると、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性が不安定となる。
【0020】
上記C6 Mg又はC2 Mgは、それぞれ2−エチル酪酸又は酢酸と酸化マグネシウムとを触媒の存在下で反応させることにより製造することができる。
【0021】
これらのマグネシウム塩は、中間膜中で電離することなくそれぞれ塩の形で存在し、水分子を引き寄せることにより、中間膜とガラスの間の接着力を適正な範囲に保持させる機能を有し、その結果、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性を良好なものとすることができる。
【0022】
また、これらのマグネシウム塩は併用されることにより、中間膜中に複合体として存在し、凝集することなく中間膜表面に高濃度で分布するため、少量の添加量で優れた接着力調整効果を発揮する。その結果、得られる合わせガラスは、優れた耐貫通性を有するものとなり、また吸湿による白化現象もほとんど起こさないものとなる。
【0023】
発明1による中間膜においては、炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩が含有されていることが必要である。上記カルボン酸の炭素数が4未満では、中間膜中でカルボン酸カリウム塩粒子の凝集が起こるため、得られる中間膜の帯電性防止効果が低下し、逆に炭素数が12を超えると、カルボン酸カリウム塩が中間膜表面に過度に偏析するため、得られる中間膜の接着力の経時変化を引き起こす。
【0024】
また、発明1による中間膜においては、上記炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩が0.005〜0.5重量部含有されていることが必要である。カルボン酸カリウム塩の含有量が0.005重量部未満では、得られる中間膜の帯電性防止効果が低下し、逆に0.5重量部を超えると、得られる中間膜の耐湿性が低下する。
【0025】
上記炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩は、中間膜中で静電気の電荷を分散して伝導させ、得られる中間膜の帯電性を防止する効果を有している。
【0026】
また、上記炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ブタン酸カリウム、イソブチル酸カリウム、2−エチル酪酸カリウム、オクタン酸カリウム、デカン酸カリウム、シュウ酸カリウム、マロン酸カリウム、コハク酸カリウム、グルタル酸カリウム、アジピン酸カリウム等が挙げられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよいし2種以上併用してもよい。
【0027】
さらに、発明1の中間膜には、必要に応じて、中間膜の劣化を防止するための安定剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤等の各種添加剤を用いることができ、これらは、単独で用いてもよいし2種以上併用してもよい。
【0028】
安定剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、旭電化工業社製の商品名アデカスタブLA−57のようなヒンダードアミン系安定剤等が挙げられ、これらは、単独で用いてもよいし2種以上併用してもよい。
【0029】
酸化防止剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、t−ブチルヒドロキシトルエン(例えば、住友化学工業社製、商品名スミライザーBHT)、テトラキス−〔メチレン−3−(3’−5’−ジt−ブチル−4’−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート〕メタン(例えば、チバガイギー社製、商品名イルガノックス1010)等のフェノール系酸化防止剤等が挙げられ、これらは、単独で用いてもよいし2種以上併用してもよい。
【0030】
紫外線吸収剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール(例えば、チバガイギー社製、商品名チヌビンP)、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’,5’−ジt−ブチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール(例えば、チバガイギー社製、商品名チヌビン320)、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5’−メチルフェニル)−5−クロロベンゾトリアゾール(例えば、チバガイギー社製、商品名チヌビン326)、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’,5’−ジアミルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール(例えば、チバガイギー社製、商品名チヌビン328)等のベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤や旭電化工業社製、商品名アデカスタブLA−57のようなヒンダードアミン系紫外線吸収剤等が挙げられ、これらは、単独で用いてもよいし2種以上併用してもよい。
【0031】
発明1による中間膜の製造方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、上記PVBに所定量の3GO、C6 MgとC2 Mgとの混合物、及び炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩と、必要に応じて各種添加剤の1種もしくは2種以上を配合し、この配合物をミキシングロールに供給し、混練して得られた混練物をプレス成形機、カレンダーロール、押し出し機等でシート状に成形することにより樹脂膜として得ることができる。
【0032】
次に、発明3による合わせガラスは、少なくとも一対のガラス間に、発明1又は2による合わせガラス用中間膜を介在させ、一体化させてなることを特徴とする。
【0033】
上記ガラスとしては、特に限定されず、例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、熱線吸収板ガラス、着色板ガラス等の無機ガラス又はポリカーボネート板、ポリメチルメタクリレート板等の有機ガラスが挙げられる。
【0034】
発明3による合わせガラスの製造方法としては、一般に用いられている方法が採用できるが、例えば、発明1又は2の中間膜を二枚のフロートガラスにて挟着し、この挟着体をゴムバックに入れて、真空にしたままオーブン内で90℃で30分間保持し、この挟着体をゴムバックから取り出した後、オートクレーブ内で圧力13kg/cm2 、温度140℃にて熱圧プレスし、一体化させることにより透明な合わせガラスを得ることができる。
【0035】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明をさらに詳しく説明するため以下に実施例を挙げるが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。尚、実施例中の「部」は「重量部」を意味する。
【0036】
(実施例1)
(1)PVBの合成
イオン交換水2900部、平均重合度1700で鹸化度99.2モル%のPVA198部(ビニルアルコール4.5モル相当量)を撹拌装置付き反応器に供給し、撹拌しながら95℃に加熱して溶解した。この溶液を30℃に冷却し、35重量%塩酸208部(2.1モル)とn−ブチルアルデヒド152部(2.1モル)を加え、次いで液温を2℃に下げてこの温度を保持しながら、PVBが析出した後、液温を30℃に昇温して5時間保持した。その後、炭酸水素ナトリウム156部(1.8モル)を加えて中和し、水洗及び乾燥を行いブチラール化度69モル%のPVB粉末を得た。
【0037】
(2)中間膜の製造
(1)で得られたPVB100部、可塑剤として3GOを39部、C6 Mg0.02部とC2 Mg0.01部との混合物〔C6 Mg/C2 Mg(重量比)=2.0〕及び2−エチル酪酸カリウム0.02部をミキシングロールに供給し、混練して得られた混練物を、プレス成形機にて150℃、100kg/cm2 の条件下で30分間プレス成形し、厚さ0.8mmの中間膜を得た。
【0038】
(3)合わせガラスの製造
(2)で得られた中間膜を30cm×30cm、厚さ2.5mmの二枚のフロートガラス間に挟着し、この挟着体をゴムバックに入れて真空度20torrで20分間保持した後、真空にしたままの状態でオーブン内に入れ、90℃で30分間保持した。ゴムバックから取り出した挟着体を、オートクレーブ内で圧力13kg/cm2 、温度150℃の条件下にて熱圧プレスして合わせガラスを得た。
【0039】
(4)評価
(3)で得られた合わせガラスの性能(1.パンメル値、2.耐湿性)及び(2)で得られた中間膜の性能(3.可塑剤の揮発性、4.表面抵抗)を以下の方法で評価した。その結果は表2に示すとおりであった。
【0040】
1.パンメル値
−18±0.6℃の温度に16時間放置して調温した合わせガラスを、頭部が0.45kgのハンマーで叩いて、ガラスの粒子径が6mm以下になるまで粉砕した。次いで、ガラスが部分剥離した後の中間膜の露出度を予めグレード付けした限度見本で判定し、その結果を下記表1に示す判定基準に従ってパンメル値として表した。尚、パンメル値は、初期及び合わせガラスを50℃で4週間放置した後の2条件について測定した。上記パンメル値が大きいほど中間膜とガラスとの接着力が大きく、パンメル値が小さいほど中間膜とガラスとの接着力が小さい。
【0041】
【表1】

Figure 0004263819
【0042】
2.耐湿性
合わせガラスを80℃、相対湿度95%の雰囲気下に2週間放置した後、取り出して直ちに、合わせガラス周縁端部からの白化距離(mm)を測定した。
【0043】
3.可塑剤の揮発性
一定面積の中間膜の初期重量(A)を測定した。次いで、この中間膜を150℃のオーブン内に1時間放置した後、取り出して加熱後重量(B)を測定し、下式により中間膜の加熱減量(重量%)を算出した。上記加熱減量が小さいほど可塑剤の揮発性が低く、加熱減量が大きいほど可塑剤の揮発性が高い。
加熱減量(重量%)=(A−B/A)×100
【0044】
4.表面抵抗
得られた中間膜を、24時間デシケーター中で乾燥させた後、表面抵抗を表面抵抗測定装置(東亜電波工業社製、DSM−8103)で測定した。表面抵抗が1.0×1013Ω/□未満を良好とし、それ以上を不良とした。
【0045】
(実施例2)
中間膜の製造において、表2に示すように、C6 Mgの含有量を0.025部とし、2−エチル酪酸カリウム0.02部の代わりにヘキシル酸カリウム0.01部を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。上記中間膜中のC6 Mg/C2 Mg(重量比)は2.5であった。
【0046】
(実施例3)
中間膜の製造において、表2に示すように、C2 Mgの含有量を0.02部とし、2−エチル酪酸カリウム0.02部の代わりにオクタン酸カリウム0.2部を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。上記中間膜中のC6 Mg/C2 Mg(重量比)は1.0であった。
【0047】
(比較例1)
中間膜の製造において、表2に示すように、可塑剤として、3GO39部の代わりにアジピン酸ジヘキシル39部を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
【0048】
(比較例2)
中間膜の製造において、表2に示すように、C6 Mgの含有量を0.04部としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。上記中間膜中のC6 Mg/C2 Mg(重量比)は4.0であった。
【0049】
(比較例3)
中間膜の製造において、表2に示すように、2−エチル酪酸カリウム0.02部の代わりにプロピオン酸カリウム0.05部を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
【0050】
(比較例4)
中間膜の製造において、表2に示すように、2−エチル酪酸カリウム0.02部の代わりにオレイン酸カリウム0.05部を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
【0051】
実施例2及び3、比較例1〜4で得られた6種類の合わせガラス及び中間膜の性能を実施例1の場合と同様にして評価した。その結果は表3に示すとおりであった。
【0052】
【表2】
Figure 0004263819
【0053】
【表3】
Figure 0004263819
【0054】
表3から明らかなように、本発明による実施例の合わせガラスは、初期及び経時後のいずれにおいても適正なパンメル値を持ち、接着性が安定し、耐湿性も優れていた。さらに、本発明による実施例の中間膜は、加熱減量が小さくて可塑剤の揮発が少なく、帯電防止性にも優れていた。
【0055】
これに対して、可塑剤として、アジピン酸ジヘキシルを用いた比較例1の中間膜は、加熱減量が大きく、可塑剤の揮発が多かった。また、C6 Mg/C2 Mg(重量比)が3.0を超える比較例2の中間膜を用いた合わせガラスは、経時後のパンメル値が低下し、接着性が不安定であった。
【0056】
また、炭素数が4未満のカルボン酸カリウム塩を用いた比較例3の中間膜は、表面抵抗が高く、帯電防止性に劣る。さらに、炭素数が12を超えるカルボン酸カリウム塩を用いた比較例4の中間膜を用いた合わせガラスは、経時後のパンメル値が低下し、接着性が不安定であった。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明の中間膜は、透明性、耐光性、耐候性、耐衝撃性、耐貫通性等の合わせガラス用中間膜としての基本的な性能を満足し、且つ、接着性が安定し、耐湿性にも優れ、また、可塑剤の揮発性が少なく、帯電防止性にも優れている。従って、本発明の中間膜及び合わせガラスは、自動車等の車両用や建築用等の窓ガラス等として好適に用いられる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass using the interlayer film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, laminated glass in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is sandwiched between at least a pair of glass plates is safe because even if it is damaged by an external impact, glass fragments are not scattered, so it is safe. It is widely used for window glass of vehicles, aircrafts, buildings, etc. As an interlayer used for such laminated glass, an interlayer made of polyvinyl acetal resin plasticized with a plasticizer has excellent adhesion to glass, tough tensile strength, and high transparency. In particular, it is suitably used as a window glass of a vehicle such as an automobile.
[0003]
In recent years, the demand for the quality of the interlayer film has been severe, and adhesion of dust and foreign matters due to static electricity to the interlayer film has become a problem, and an interlayer film for laminated glass having excellent antistatic performance has been demanded.
[0004]
However, the intermediate film made of the above-mentioned plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin has a surface resistance of about 10 13 Ω / cm 2 , is generally difficult to be charged, and is used by being sandwiched between glass plates. There was little to be considered about.
[0005]
On the other hand, when an antistatic method using an antistatic agent widely used for transparent plastics is applied to such an intermediate film, the adhesion between the intermediate film and glass, transparency, durability, etc. are impaired. No suitable combination was found.
[0006]
As a solution to the above problems, for example, JP-A-7-223849 discloses an interlayer film for laminated glass in which a nonionic antistatic agent is kneaded or applied. However, in general, the nonionic antistatic agent requires a large amount of content in order to obtain sufficient antistatic performance, and has a problem that there is a large possibility of adversely affecting the physical properties of the intermediate film.
[0007]
The intermediate film generally uses dihexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate or the like as a plasticizer. However, during the production of laminated glass, a fire may occur during autoclave or after autoclave. There is a problem that it is difficult to trim cut the edge of the laminated glass, and a plasticizer with a higher boiling point has been expected.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to solve the above conventional problems, the present invention is excellent in basic performance as an interlayer film for laminated glass such as transparency, light resistance, weather resistance, impact resistance, adhesiveness, and moisture resistance. It is an object to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that has excellent antistatic properties, further reduces the risk of fire during autoclaving, and has improved trim cut workability at the edge of laminated glass. To do.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the invention described in claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as invention 1) comprises 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 20 to 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, and magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate. An interlayer film for laminated glass comprising 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a mixture of magnesium acetate and 0.005 to 0.5 parts by weight of a carboxylic acid potassium salt having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein the mixture is The mixture satisfies the relationship of 0.5 <2-ethyl magnesium butyrate / magnesium acetate <3.0 by weight ratio.
[0010]
The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the invention of claim 2 (hereinafter referred to as invention 2) is the interlayer film for laminated glass according to the invention 1, wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin is polyvinyl butyral having a butyralization degree of 66 to 72 mol%. It is a resin.
[0011]
The laminated glass according to the invention described in claim 3 (hereinafter referred to as invention 3) is characterized in that an interlayer film for laminated glass according to invention 1 or 2 is interposed between and integrated with at least a pair of glasses. .
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0012]
As the polyvinyl acetal resin used in the interlayer film according to the invention 1, a polyvinyl butyral resin (hereinafter referred to as PVB) having a butyralization degree of 66 to 72 mol% is preferably used. PVB having a butyralization degree of 67.5 to 70 mol% is more preferable. If the degree of butyralization is less than 66 mol%, the water absorption of the resulting interlayer film is increased, so that it is likely to cause a whitening phenomenon at the peripheral edge of the laminated glass. Conversely, when the degree of butyralization exceeds 72 mol%, The resulting intermediate film may have insufficient mechanical strength.
[0013]
The method for producing PVB is not particularly limited. For example, polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) is dissolved in hot water, and the obtained aqueous solution is kept at 10 to 20 ° C. And an acid catalyst are added to advance the acetalization reaction, and then the temperature is raised to 70 ° C. and held to complete the reaction, followed by neutralization, washing with water and drying to obtain PVB powder, etc. It is done.
[0014]
As said PVA, a thing with an average degree of polymerization of 1000-2500 is preferable. When the average degree of polymerization is less than 1000, the penetration resistance and the like of the resulting laminated glass may be lowered. When the average degree of polymerization exceeds 2500, it may be difficult to produce the intermediate film.
[0015]
The PVA preferably has a saponification degree of 95 mol% or more. If the degree of saponification is less than 95 mol%, the resulting interlayer film may have insufficient transparency, heat resistance, light resistance, weather resistance and the like.
[0016]
In the interlayer film according to Invention 1, it is necessary to contain 20 to 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (hereinafter referred to as 3GO) as a plasticizer. If the content of 3GO is less than 20 parts by weight, the penetration resistance and the like of the resulting laminated glass will decrease, and if the content of 3GO exceeds 60 parts by weight, 3GO tends to bleed out from the resulting intermediate film, The transparency and adhesiveness of the film are reduced.
[0017]
Said 3GO can be manufactured by making triethylene glycol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid more than twice that equivalent react in presence of a catalyst.
[0018]
The intermediate film according to the invention 1 contains 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a mixture of magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate (hereinafter referred to as C 6 Mg) and magnesium acetate (hereinafter referred to as C 2 Mg). Is required, preferably 0.03 to 0.08 parts by weight. If the content of the mixture of C 6 Mg and C 2 Mg is less than 0.01, the adhesive force adjusting effect is lost, so that the penetration resistance is lowered. The transparency and moisture resistance of glass deteriorate.
[0019]
In the intermediate film according to the invention 1, the above-mentioned mixture needs to be a mixture satisfying the relationship of 0.5 <C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg <3.0 by weight ratio, preferably by weight ratio. 1.0 <C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg <2.5. When the C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg (weight ratio) is less than 0.5, the mixture causes aggregation in the intermediate film, and the moisture resistance of the resulting laminated glass is lowered. The penetration resistance of the obtained laminated glass becomes unstable.
[0020]
The C 6 Mg or C 2 Mg can be produced by reacting 2-ethylbutyric acid or acetic acid with magnesium oxide in the presence of a catalyst, respectively.
[0021]
These magnesium salts exist in the form of salts without being ionized in the intermediate film, and have a function of keeping the adhesive force between the intermediate film and the glass within an appropriate range by attracting water molecules. As a result, the laminated glass obtained can have good penetration resistance.
[0022]
In addition, when these magnesium salts are used in combination, they exist as a composite in the intermediate film and are distributed at a high concentration on the surface of the intermediate film without agglomeration. Demonstrate. As a result, the obtained laminated glass has excellent penetration resistance and hardly causes whitening due to moisture absorption.
[0023]
In the intermediate film according to the invention 1, it is necessary that the carboxylic acid potassium salt having 4 to 12 carbon atoms is contained. When the carbon number of the carboxylic acid is less than 4, aggregation of carboxylic acid potassium salt particles occurs in the intermediate film, so that the effect of preventing the chargeability of the obtained intermediate film is lowered. Since the acid potassium salt is excessively segregated on the surface of the intermediate film, the adhesive force of the obtained intermediate film is changed over time.
[0024]
Moreover, in the intermediate film according to the invention 1, it is necessary that the carboxylic acid potassium salt having 4 to 12 carbon atoms is contained in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5 parts by weight. When the content of the potassium carboxylate is less than 0.005 parts by weight, the effect of preventing the chargeability of the resulting intermediate film is lowered. Conversely, when the content exceeds 0.5 parts by weight, the moisture resistance of the obtained intermediate film is lowered. .
[0025]
The carboxylic acid potassium salt having 4 to 12 carbon atoms has the effect of preventing the chargeability of the resulting intermediate film by dispersing and conducting electrostatic charges in the intermediate film.
[0026]
Moreover, it does not specifically limit as said C4-C12 carboxylate potassium salt, For example, potassium butanoate, potassium isobutyrate, potassium 2-ethylbutyrate, potassium octoate, potassium decanoate, potassium oxalate, Examples include potassium malonate, potassium succinate, potassium glutarate, and potassium adipate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0027]
Furthermore, various additives such as stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers and the like for preventing the deterioration of the intermediate film can be used for the intermediate film of the invention 1 as necessary. You may use, and may use 2 or more types together.
[0028]
The stabilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hindered amine stabilizers such as trade name ADK STAB LA-57 manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be.
[0029]
It does not specifically limit as antioxidant, For example, t-butylhydroxytoluene (For example, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. make, brand name Sumilyzer BHT), tetrakis- [methylene-3- (3'-5'-di t-). (Butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane (for example, Ciba Geigy, trade name Irganox 1010) and other phenolic antioxidants, and the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be.
[0030]
It does not specifically limit as an ultraviolet absorber, For example, 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (For example, Ciba Geigy company make, brand name Tinuvin P), 2- (2'-hydroxy-) 3 ′, 5′-dit-butylphenyl) benzotriazole (for example, trade name Tinuvin 320 manufactured by Ciba Geigy), 2- (2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl-5′-methylphenyl) -5 -Chlorobenzotriazole (for example, Ciba Geigy, trade name Tinuvin 326), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-diamilphenyl) benzotriazole (for example, Ciba Geigy, trade name Tinuvin 328), etc. Benzotriazole UV absorbers manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., and hindered amine UV absorbers such as the brand name ADK STAB LA-57. Is, it may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0031]
The method for producing the intermediate film according to the invention 1 is not particularly limited, and for example, a predetermined amount of 3GO, a mixture of C 6 Mg and C 2 Mg, and a carboxylic acid potassium salt having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the PVB, If necessary, one or more of various additives are blended, and the blend is supplied to a mixing roll, and the kneaded product obtained by kneading is formed into a sheet by a press molding machine, a calender roll, an extruder, or the like. Can be obtained as a resin film.
[0032]
Next, the laminated glass according to the invention 3 is characterized in that an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the invention 1 or 2 is interposed between and integrated with at least a pair of glasses.
[0033]
The glass is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, mold plate glass, heat ray absorbing plate glass, and colored plate glass, or organic glass such as a polycarbonate plate and a polymethyl methacrylate plate.
[0034]
As a method for producing the laminated glass according to the invention 3, a generally used method can be adopted. For example, the interlayer film of the invention 1 or 2 is sandwiched between two float glasses, and the sandwiched body is rubber-backed. And held in an oven at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum, and after removing the sandwiched body from the rubber bag, it was hot-pressed at a pressure of 13 kg / cm 2 and a temperature of 140 ° C. in an autoclave. A transparent laminated glass can be obtained by integrating.
[0035]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, examples are given below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, “part” means “part by weight”.
[0036]
(Example 1)
(1) Synthesis of PVB 2900 parts of ion-exchanged water, 198 parts of PVA having an average degree of polymerization of 1700 and a saponification degree of 99.2 mol% (equivalent to 4.5 mol of vinyl alcohol) are supplied to a reactor equipped with a stirrer while stirring. It melted by heating to 95 ° C. The solution was cooled to 30 ° C., 208 parts (2.1 mol) of 35% by weight hydrochloric acid and 152 parts (2.1 mol) of n-butyraldehyde were added, and then the temperature was lowered to 2 ° C. to maintain this temperature. However, after PVB precipitated, the liquid temperature was raised to 30 ° C. and held for 5 hours. Thereafter, 156 parts (1.8 mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate was added for neutralization, followed by washing with water and drying to obtain a PVB powder having a butyralization degree of 69 mol%.
[0037]
(2) PVB100 parts obtained by the production of the intermediate layer (1), 39 parts of 3GO as the plasticizer, a mixture of C 6 Mg0.02 parts of C 2 Mg0.01 parts [C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg ( (Weight ratio) = 2.0] and 0.02 part of potassium 2-ethylbutyrate were fed to a mixing roll and kneaded to obtain a kneaded product in a press molding machine at 150 ° C. and 100 kg / cm 2 . Was press-molded for 30 minutes to obtain an intermediate film having a thickness of 0.8 mm.
[0038]
(3) Manufacture of laminated glass The intermediate film obtained in (2) is sandwiched between two float glasses of 30 cm × 30 cm and a thickness of 2.5 mm, and this sandwiched body is put in a rubber bag to obtain a degree of vacuum. After holding at 20 torr for 20 minutes, it was put in an oven in a vacuum state and kept at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes. The sandwiched body taken out from the rubber bag was hot-pressed under conditions of a pressure of 13 kg / cm 2 and a temperature of 150 ° C. in an autoclave to obtain a laminated glass.
[0039]
(4) Performance of laminated glass obtained in evaluation (3) (1. Pummel value, 2. Moisture resistance) and performance of interlayer film obtained in (2) (3. Volatility of plasticizer, 4. Surface Resistance) was evaluated by the following method. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0040]
1. The laminated glass, which had been heated at a temperature of Pummel value of −18 ± 0.6 ° C. for 16 hours, was crushed with a hammer having a head of 0.45 kg until the particle diameter of the glass became 6 mm or less. Next, the degree of exposure of the intermediate film after partial peeling of the glass was determined using a pre-graded limit sample, and the result was expressed as a Pummel value according to the determination criteria shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the Pummel value was measured for two conditions after the initial stage and the laminated glass were left at 50 ° C. for 4 weeks. The greater the Pummel value, the greater the adhesion between the interlayer and the glass, and the smaller the Pummel value, the smaller the adhesion between the interlayer and the glass.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004263819
[0042]
2. The moisture-resistant laminated glass was left in an atmosphere of 80 ° C. and relative humidity of 95% for 2 weeks, then taken out and immediately measured for the whitening distance (mm) from the peripheral edge of the laminated glass.
[0043]
3. The initial weight (A) of the interlayer film of the volatile constant area of the plasticizer was measured. Next, this intermediate film was left in an oven at 150 ° C. for 1 hour, then taken out, heated and measured for weight (B), and the loss on heating (% by weight) of the intermediate film was calculated by the following formula. The lower the heating loss, the lower the plasticizer volatility, and the higher the heating loss, the higher the plasticizer volatility.
Loss on heating (% by weight) = (A−B / A) × 100
[0044]
4). After the obtained intermediate film was dried in a desiccator for 24 hours, the surface resistance was measured with a surface resistance measuring device (DSM-8103, manufactured by Toa Denpa Kogyo Co., Ltd.). A surface resistance of less than 1.0 × 10 13 Ω / □ was determined to be good, and a surface resistance higher than that was determined to be defective.
[0045]
(Example 2)
In the production of the interlayer film, as shown in Table 2, the content of C 6 Mg was 0.025 parts, and 0.01 parts of potassium hexylate was used instead of 0.02 parts of potassium 2-ethylbutyrate Obtained an intermediate film and a laminated glass in the same manner as in Example 1. C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg (weight ratio) in the intermediate film was 2.5.
[0046]
(Example 3)
In the production of the intermediate film, as shown in Table 2, the content of C 2 Mg was 0.02 parts, and 0.2 parts of potassium octoate was used instead of 0.02 parts of potassium 2-ethylbutyrate Obtained an intermediate film and a laminated glass in the same manner as in Example 1. C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg (weight ratio) in the intermediate film was 1.0.
[0047]
(Comparative Example 1)
In the production of the interlayer film, as shown in Table 2, an interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 39 parts of dihexyl adipate was used as a plasticizer instead of 39 parts of 3GO.
[0048]
(Comparative Example 2)
In the production of the interlayer film, as shown in Table 2, an interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of C 6 Mg was 0.04 part. C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg (weight ratio) in the intermediate film was 4.0.
[0049]
(Comparative Example 3)
In the production of the interlayer film, as shown in Table 2, the interlayer film and the laminated glass were the same as in Example 1 except that 0.05 part of potassium propionate was used instead of 0.02 part of potassium 2-ethylbutyrate. Got.
[0050]
(Comparative Example 4)
In the production of the interlayer film, as shown in Table 2, the interlayer film and the laminated glass were the same as in Example 1 except that 0.05 part of potassium oleate was used instead of 0.02 part of potassium 2-ethylbutyrate. Got.
[0051]
The performances of the six types of laminated glasses and interlayer films obtained in Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0052]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004263819
[0053]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004263819
[0054]
As is apparent from Table 3, the laminated glass of the example according to the present invention had an appropriate pummel value both at the initial stage and after the lapse of time, stable adhesion, and excellent moisture resistance. Furthermore, the interlayer films of the examples according to the present invention had a small loss on heating, little volatilization of the plasticizer, and excellent antistatic properties.
[0055]
On the other hand, the intermediate film of Comparative Example 1 using dihexyl adipate as the plasticizer had a large loss on heating, and the plasticizer volatilized much. Moreover, the laminated glass using the intermediate film of Comparative Example 2 having a C 6 Mg / C 2 Mg (weight ratio) exceeding 3.0 had a reduced Pamel value after time and unstable adhesiveness.
[0056]
Moreover, the intermediate film of Comparative Example 3 using a carboxylic acid potassium salt having less than 4 carbon atoms has high surface resistance and poor antistatic properties. Furthermore, the laminated glass using the intermediate film of Comparative Example 4 using a carboxylic acid potassium salt having more than 12 carbon atoms had a reduced Pamel value after time and unstable adhesiveness.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the interlayer film of the present invention satisfies the basic performance as an interlayer film for laminated glass such as transparency, light resistance, weather resistance, impact resistance, and penetration resistance, and has adhesiveness. Is stable and has excellent moisture resistance, and the plasticizer has low volatility and excellent antistatic properties. Therefore, the interlayer film and laminated glass of the present invention are suitably used as window glass for vehicles such as automobiles and buildings.

Claims (3)

ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部、トリエチレングリコールジ2−エチルヘキサノエート20〜60重量部、2−エチル酪酸マグネシウムと酢酸マグネシウムとの混合物0.01〜0.1重量部及び炭素数が4〜12のカルボン酸カリウム塩0.005〜0.5重量部からなる合わせガラス用中間膜であって、上記混合物が、重量比で0.5<2−エチル酪酸マグネシウム/酢酸マグネシウム<3.0の関係を満たす混合物であることを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 20 to 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a mixture of magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate and magnesium acetate, and 4 to 12 carbon atoms An intermediate film for laminated glass consisting of 0.005 to 0.5 parts by weight of a potassium carboxylate salt, wherein the mixture has a weight ratio of 0.5 <2-ethyl magnesium butyrate / magnesium acetate <3.0 An interlayer film for laminated glass, which is a mixture satisfying ポリビニルアセタール樹脂が、ブチラール化度が66〜72モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin having a butyralization degree of 66 to 72 mol%. 少なくとも一対のガラス間に、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜を介在させ、一体化させてなることを特徴とする合わせガラス。A laminated glass, wherein the interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1 or 2 is interposed between at least a pair of glasses and integrated.
JP28722399A 1999-10-07 1999-10-07 Laminated glass interlayer film and laminated glass Expired - Lifetime JP4263819B2 (en)

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EP1529074B1 (en) 2002-07-31 2011-09-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyvinylbutyral interlayer sheet with improved adhesion to glass and a process for preparing same
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KR20190068492A (en) * 2016-10-12 2019-06-18 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 Intermediate film for laminated glass, roll and laminated glass

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