JP4259700B2 - Sludge aggregation method and water treatment method - Google Patents

Sludge aggregation method and water treatment method Download PDF

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JP4259700B2
JP4259700B2 JP31641499A JP31641499A JP4259700B2 JP 4259700 B2 JP4259700 B2 JP 4259700B2 JP 31641499 A JP31641499 A JP 31641499A JP 31641499 A JP31641499 A JP 31641499A JP 4259700 B2 JP4259700 B2 JP 4259700B2
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gypsum
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water
water treatment
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嘉郎 脇村
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嘉郎 脇村
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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は凝集方法、特に、下水等の難処理汚泥の凝集方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
下水処理場では下水流入口の原水を幾槽もの広大な沈殿槽に導いて、長時間をかけて沈殿処理が行われ、その過程で凝集剤を用いて強制的に水分と固形分を分離する処理、あるいはバイオ技術を駆使して、窒素分の除去、BOD,CODを低下させる処理がなされている。
【0003】
更に、家畜の糞尿はそのまま肥料にすることができないため、一旦乾燥させたり、あるいは、発酵処理をして肥料として使用するようにしている。
【0004】
また、製紙排水には大量のリグニン酸が含まれており、このリグニン酸が、ヘドロとなって河川の底に長期に渡って蓄積すると悪臭を放つようになるため、有機、あるいは無機の凝集剤を使用して水分と分離し、上澄み液のみを河川に放流するようになっている。
【0005】
このような凝集処理に使用される凝集剤としては種々のものが開発されている。例えば無機系ではアルミニウム塩(硫酸アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、アンモニウムミョウバン、カリミョウバン、アルミン酸ナトリウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム)、鉄塩(塩化第一鉄、塩化第二鉄、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸第二鉄、ポリ硫酸第二鉄等)、有機系では、低分子塩、界面活性剤、天然あるいは合成の高分子物質等が開発され使用されている。
【0006】
更に、本願出願人は特公平08-018016 にて、▲1▼可溶性のアルミニウム塩と▲2▼アルカリ金属塩と上記▲1▼剤と▲2▼剤の直接の接触密度を小さくするための第三物質とよりなる凝集剤を提案し、多大な効果をあげている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のように種々の凝集剤が開発され使用されている現状ではあっても、上記下水、製紙排水等を固液分離することは困難である。また、下水の処理に至っては膨大な面積の沈殿層を必要とし、処理時間も膨大となっているのが現状である。そして、有機凝集剤を大量に使用すると、コストが高くなるとともに、上記の固液分離の困難性が増大するという問題があった。。
【0008】
一方、下水や家畜の糞尿に含まれる窒素分を除去する方法は、上記のように従来ではバイオ処理しか無かったが、この場合上記の膨大な面積の処理槽を必要とし、結果として処理に非常に時間を要する欠点があった。また、BOD、CODを必要な基準にまで下げる処理もバイオ処理によるより方法しか無く、上記窒素分の除去と同様に膨大な処理時間を必要としていた。
【0009】
本発明は上記従来の事情に鑑みて提案されたものであって、無機剤のみを用いて迅速な凝集効果を発揮し、しかも、従来技術では水と固形分の分離が不可能な難処理液の処理も可能な凝集方法を提供し、更に、バイオ処理を用いないで全窒素、全リン、COD等を著しく小さくすることができる凝集方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記目的を達成するために、被処理液に対してカルシウム塩、具体的には石膏または乳酸カルシウムを添加して攪拌した後、凝集剤を添加するようにしている。
【0011】
カルシウムは水溶液中の陰イオンと結びつきやすく、以下に説明する実験結果からも明らかなように、特に硝酸イオンや燐酸イオンの形で被処理液中に存在する窒素分やリンを除去するのに絶大の効果がある他、タンニン酸、リグニン酸等窒素や燐を含まない物質とも結合してこれを除去する効果がある。ただし、カルシウムを組成とする化合物は一般に水に溶けにくく、水酸化カルシウムで0,1 %前後、炭酸カルシウムではほとんど零に近い。これに比べて天然石膏は2〜3%、化学石膏は8%前後の溶解度を持っており本発明の目的に適合し、溶解度の高い化学石膏の方が好ましい。カルシウム塩としてはこれらの他に乳酸カルシウムも使用可能である。
【0012】
添加される石膏(カルシウム)の量は被処理液に含まれる硝酸イオンや燐酸イオンあるいはタンニン酸、リグニン酸の量によって決定されるが、下記の実験のように、被処理液が下水の原水の場合でも、被処理液1000ccに対して1g〜5g程度であった。
【0013】
上記のように石膏を添加した後に、凝集処理が行われる。この凝集処理に使用される凝集剤としてはどのような凝集剤を使用しても構わないが、本願出願人は以下の実験で使用するように、セメントと石灰の混合品に硫酸アルミニウム水容液を組み合わせることによって効果を上げている。更に、上記のような無機の凝集剤に加えて、高分子凝集剤を極微量使用すると更に凝集効果を上げることができる。
【0014】
尚、上記石膏添加の後、凝集処理の前、あるいは、凝集処理の後の何れかの段階で、次亜塩素酸ソーダ等の脱臭剤を添加すると、被処理液の匂いを消すことが可能となる。
【0015】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
北海道三笠市の下水道水放流口(下水場への下水の取り入れ口)より得られる原水に対して以下の処理をした。
【0016】
先ず、原水1000ccに対して、石膏3gを添加し、攪拌した後、次亜塩素酸ソーダの30%溶液を20g添加した。その後凝集処理として、セメント50%と消石灰50%の凝集助剤を加え、次いで、濃度30%の硫酸アルミニウム溶液を6.3gおよび、カチオン系の高分子凝集剤の0.1%水溶液を20g添加して攪拌した。
【0017】
これによって、15秒から30秒で固形分が沈降するので、濾紙で固形分を除去した処理水を分析すると、下記の表1に示すような結果が得られ、しかもこの処理水は透明であった。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0004259700
【0019】
上記表1によると、COD,全窒素、全リンとも著しく減少していることが理解できる。
【0020】
(実施例2)
北海道栗山町の下水道流入口の原水を上記同様処理した結果を下記の表2に記述する。
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0004259700
【0022】
原水のCOD、全窒素量、全燐とも実施例1より高いため、処理水のそれらも高くなっている。
【0023】
(実施例3)
愛知県W団地の下水道流入口の原水を上記同様処理した結果を下記の表3に記述する。
【0024】
【表3】
Figure 0004259700
【0025】
これも実施例2と同様、原水のCOD、全窒素量、全燐とも実施例1より高いため、処理水のそれらも高くなっている。
【0026】
(実施例4)
千葉県手賀沼湖の汚泥から分離した原水を上記同様処理した結果を下記の表4に記述する。
【0027】
【表4】
Figure 0004259700
【0028】
(実施例5)
高砂市伊保下水処理場の原水を上記同様処理した結果を下記の表5に記述する。
【0029】
【表5】
Figure 0004259700
【0030】
(実施例6)
同様に添加する石膏の量を原水1000ccに対して3gとした場合の、北海道下川町の下水処理の例を表6に示す。
【0031】
【表6】
Figure 0004259700
【0032】
(実施例7)
同様に添加する石膏の量を原水1000ccに対して5gとした場合の、北海道下川町の下水処理の例を表7に示す。
【0033】
【表7】
Figure 0004259700
【0034】
石膏の量を増やすと、原水のCOD,全窒素、全燐が増えても、処理水のそれらは実施例2より低くなっている。
(実施例8)
熊本県菊地郡旭志村の「本山養豚場」より採取した豚糞の混じった豚尿の原水に対して上記実施例1の処理と同じ処理を行ったところ、処理前の全窒素が530mgであったものが、処理後は150mgに減少した(JIS K0102 45.2 に準拠) 。すなわち、窒素分を著しく減少させることができ、しかも、原水は黒茶色に濁った色をしていたが、処理後は透明な濾過水を得ることができた。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明は凝集前の石膏を添加するのみの簡単な手順で、被処理液の水質を著しく向上せることができる効果がある。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coagulation method, and more particularly to a coagulation method for difficult-to-treat sludge such as sewage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the sewage treatment plant, the raw water at the sewage inlet is led to a number of vast sedimentation tanks, where the sedimentation process takes place over a long period of time. In the process, water and solids are forcibly separated using a flocculant. Treatment or removal of nitrogen content and treatment to reduce BOD and COD are performed using biotechnology.
[0003]
Furthermore, since manure of livestock cannot be used as it is as a fertilizer, it is once dried or fermented and used as a fertilizer.
[0004]
In addition, papermaking wastewater contains a large amount of lignic acid, and when this lignic acid becomes sludge and accumulates at the bottom of the river for a long time, it gives off a bad odor, so organic or inorganic flocculants Is used to separate the water from the water, and only the supernatant liquid is discharged into the river.
[0005]
Various flocculants have been developed for use in such flocculation treatment. For example, in inorganic systems, aluminum salts (aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium alum, potassium alum, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum chloride), iron salts (ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate) Iron, polyferric sulfate, etc.), and organic systems, low molecular salts, surfactants, natural or synthetic polymer substances have been developed and used.
[0006]
Further, the applicant of the present application disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-018016 for the purpose of reducing the direct contact density of (1) soluble aluminum salt, (2) alkali metal salt, (1) agent and (2) agent. We have proposed a flocculant consisting of three substances, and have achieved great effects.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, even if various coagulants are developed and used, it is difficult to perform solid-liquid separation of the sewage, papermaking wastewater, and the like. In addition, a sewage treatment requires a sedimentation layer with a huge area, and the treatment time is enormous. And when organic coagulant | flocculant was used in large quantities, while there existed a problem that cost became high and the difficulty of said solid-liquid separation increased. .
[0008]
On the other hand, the method for removing nitrogen contained in sewage and livestock manure has only been conventionally bioprocessed as described above. In this case, however, the treatment tank having the above-mentioned huge area is required, and as a result, the process is extremely difficult. There was a disadvantage that took time. In addition, there is only a method for reducing BOD and COD to the necessary standards, as compared with the bio-processing, and an enormous processing time is required as in the case of removing the nitrogen content.
[0009]
The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and exhibits a quick agglomeration effect using only an inorganic agent. Moreover, a difficult-to-treat liquid that cannot be separated from water and solids by the conventional technology. It is another object of the present invention to provide an agglomeration method that can also perform the above-described treatment, and further to provide an agglomeration method that can significantly reduce total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD, and the like without using biotreatment.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a calcium salt, specifically, gypsum or calcium lactate is added to the liquid to be treated and stirred, and then an aggregating agent is added.
[0011]
Calcium easily binds to anions in aqueous solution, and as is clear from the experimental results described below, it is particularly great for removing nitrogen and phosphorus present in the liquid to be treated in the form of nitrate ions and phosphate ions. In addition to the above-described effects, it also has an effect of binding and removing substances that do not contain nitrogen or phosphorus, such as tannic acid and lignic acid. However, a compound having a calcium composition is generally hardly soluble in water, is about 0.1% for calcium hydroxide, and is almost zero for calcium carbonate. Compared to this, natural gypsum has a solubility of about 2-3% and chemical gypsum has a solubility of about 8%, which is suitable for the purpose of the present invention, and a chemical gypsum having a high solubility is preferred. In addition to these, calcium lactate can be used as the calcium salt.
[0012]
The amount of gypsum (calcium) added is determined by the amount of nitrate ions, phosphate ions, tannic acid and lignic acid contained in the liquid to be treated. Even in this case, the amount was about 1 to 5 g with respect to 1000 cc of the liquid to be treated.
[0013]
After the gypsum is added as described above, a coagulation treatment is performed. Any flocculant may be used as the flocculant used in this agglomeration treatment, but the applicant of the present application uses an aluminum sulfate aqueous solution as a mixture of cement and lime as used in the following experiment. The effect is improved by combining. Furthermore, in addition to the inorganic flocculant as described above, the use of a very small amount of the polymer flocculant can further enhance the flocculant effect.
[0014]
In addition, when a deodorizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite is added at any stage after the above-mentioned gypsum addition, before the aggregation treatment, or after the aggregation treatment, it is possible to eliminate the odor of the liquid to be treated. Become.
[0015]
【Example】
Example 1
The following treatment was applied to the raw water obtained from the sewer water outlet of Mikasa City, Hokkaido.
[0016]
First, 3 g of gypsum was added to 1000 cc of raw water and stirred, and then 20 g of a 30% sodium hypochlorite solution was added. Then, as a coagulation treatment, an agglomeration aid consisting of 50% cement and 50% slaked lime is added, and then 6.3 g of 30% aluminum sulfate solution and 20 g of a 0.1% aqueous solution of cationic polymer flocculant are added. And stirred.
[0017]
As a result, the solid content settles in 15 to 30 seconds, so analysis of the treated water from which the solid content has been removed with a filter paper gives the results shown in Table 1 below, and this treated water was transparent. It was.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004259700
[0019]
According to Table 1 above, it can be understood that COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus are significantly reduced.
[0020]
(Example 2)
The results of treating the raw water at the sewer inlet of Kuriyama Town, Hokkaido in the same manner as described above are described in Table 2 below.
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004259700
[0022]
Since COD, total nitrogen amount, and total phosphorus of raw water are higher than those in Example 1, those of treated water are also higher.
[0023]
(Example 3)
The results of treating the raw water at the sewer inlet of Aichi Prefecture W complex in the same way as described above are described in Table 3 below.
[0024]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004259700
[0025]
Similarly to Example 2, since COD of raw water, total nitrogen amount, and total phosphorus are higher than Example 1, those of treated water are also high.
[0026]
(Example 4)
Table 4 below shows the results of treating raw water separated from sludge from Lake Teganuma, Chiba Prefecture in the same manner as above.
[0027]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004259700
[0028]
(Example 5)
The results of treating the raw water of Takasago Iho sewage treatment plant in the same manner as described above are described in Table 5 below.
[0029]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004259700
[0030]
(Example 6)
Table 6 shows an example of sewage treatment in Shimokawa-cho, Hokkaido, where the amount of gypsum added is 3 g with respect to 1000 cc of raw water.
[0031]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004259700
[0032]
(Example 7)
Table 7 shows an example of sewage treatment in Shimokawa-cho, Hokkaido, where the amount of gypsum added is 5 g with respect to 1000 cc of raw water.
[0033]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004259700
[0034]
When the amount of gypsum is increased, even if COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in raw water are increased, those of treated water are lower than those in Example 2.
(Example 8)
When the same treatment as the treatment in Example 1 was performed on the raw water of pork urine mixed with pig dung collected from “Honyama Pig Farm” in Asahi-mura, Kikuchi-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture, the total nitrogen before treatment was 530 mg. Was reduced to 150 mg after the treatment (based on JIS K0102 45.2). That is, the nitrogen content could be remarkably reduced, and the raw water had a dark brown color, but transparent filtered water could be obtained after the treatment.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention has an effect that the water quality of the liquid to be treated can be remarkably improved by a simple procedure of simply adding gypsum before aggregation.

Claims (3)

被処理液に対して石膏を添加して攪拌後、セメントと石灰の混合に硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を組み合わせた凝集剤を添加することを特徴とする汚泥の凝集方法。A method for coagulating sludge, comprising adding gypsum to a liquid to be treated and stirring , and then adding an aggregating agent that is a mixture of cement and lime and an aqueous aluminum sulfate solution . 上記石膏上記凝集剤添加して攪拌後に脱臭剤を添加する、請求項1に記載の汚泥の凝集方法。Adding a deodorant after stirring by the addition of the gypsum and the coagulant, the method of coagulation sludge according to claim 1. 被処理液に対して石膏を添加して攪拌後、セメントと石灰の混合に硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を組み合わせた凝集剤を添加して窒素を除去することを特徴とする水処理方法。A water treatment method characterized by adding gypsum to a liquid to be treated and stirring, and then adding a flocculant that is a mixture of cement and lime with an aqueous aluminum sulfate solution to remove nitrogen.
JP31641499A 1998-11-19 1999-11-08 Sludge aggregation method and water treatment method Expired - Fee Related JP4259700B2 (en)

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JP2002079261A (en) * 2000-09-07 2002-03-19 Yoshiro Wakimura Flocculation method
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