JP4257980B2 - Countercurrent chromatography method and countercurrent chromatography apparatus - Google Patents
Countercurrent chromatography method and countercurrent chromatography apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- JP4257980B2 JP4257980B2 JP2004100719A JP2004100719A JP4257980B2 JP 4257980 B2 JP4257980 B2 JP 4257980B2 JP 2004100719 A JP2004100719 A JP 2004100719A JP 2004100719 A JP2004100719 A JP 2004100719A JP 4257980 B2 JP4257980 B2 JP 4257980B2
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- 238000004185 countercurrent chromatography Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、生体由来成分その他の分離精製などに適用することができる向流クロマトグラフィー法及び向流クロマトグラフィー装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a countercurrent chromatography method and a countercurrent chromatography apparatus that can be applied to separation and purification of biological components and the like.
液滴向流クロマトグラフィーは既に確立した技術であるが、向流クロマトグラフィー分野の世界的権威である米国・国立衛生研究所のＩｔｏ博士他に確認した結果、関連分野を含め、本発明のような装置はこれまで存在しなかったことが判っている。 Droplet counter-current chromatography is a well-established technology, but as a result of confirmation with Dr. Ito et al. Of the US National Institutes of Health, the world authority in the counter-current chromatography field, It has been found that no such device has ever existed.
向流クロマトグラフィーは、互いに混ざらない２種の溶媒（固定相、移動相）に対する分配係数の差を利用し、不連続的に分離操作を繰り返して物質を分離しようとする向流分配法の原理を用いたものである。
従来の液滴向流クロマトグラフィーは、内部が空洞の分離管を用いるものであり、この分離管は比較的長い管長を有するものであって、原試料をパルス状に装置に注入し、原試料中の分離成分を移動相に溶解させて溶出させるものであって、溶出のタイミングが異なることを利用して分離、回収することができる。
Countercurrent chromatography is based on the principle of countercurrent distribution, which uses the difference in distribution coefficient for two types of solvents (stationary phase and mobile phase) that are not mixed with each other, and separates the material by discontinuous separation. Is used.
Conventional droplet countercurrent chromatography uses a hollow separation tube, which has a relatively long tube length, and injects the original sample into the apparatus in a pulsed manner. The components separated therein are dissolved in the mobile phase and eluted, and can be separated and recovered by utilizing the different elution timings.
前記従来の液滴向流クロマトグラフィーは、装置構造がシンプルで済むという大きな利点を有する反面、分離段数が大きくなく、試料処理容量も十分に大きくないという欠点を有していた。 The conventional droplet counter-current chromatography has the great advantage that the device structure is simple, but has the disadvantage that the number of separation stages is not large and the sample processing capacity is not sufficiently large.
本発明は上記実状に鑑み提案されたもので、請求項１及び２に記載の発明は、向流クロマトグラフィーにおいて、内部が空洞の分離管の代わりに、１以上の孔を有する隔壁を設けてその内部を仕切ることにより複数のセルが直列連結された分離管であって、固定相と移動相の間の界面張力に応じた分離管内径を用いて移動中の液滴径が分離管内径とほぼ等しくなるようにするか、多数の非孔性小球体を充填した分離管を用いることを特徴とする向流クロマトグラフィー法であり、請求項３から７に記載の発明はその装置を提案するものである。 The present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances, and the invention according to claims 1 and 2 is provided with a partition wall having one or more holes instead of a hollow separation tube in countercurrent chromatography. A separation tube in which a plurality of cells are connected in series by partitioning the inside of the separation tube, and the droplet diameter during movement is determined by the separation tube inner diameter corresponding to the interfacial tension between the stationary phase and the mobile phase. It is a countercurrent chromatography method characterized by using a separation tube filled with a large number of non-porous spherules so as to be substantially equal, and the invention according to claims 3 to 7 proposes the apparatus. Is.
本発明の向流クロマトグラフィー法及び向流クロマトグラフィー装置によれば、従来の内部が空洞の分離管を用いる代わりに、同程度のサイズの分離管のままでも分離管１本あたりの分離段数を大幅に増大させることができ、しかも単位時間当たりの試料処理量も増加させることができる。
また、装置構造が色々の点で簡単であり、大容量化が容易である。
According to the countercurrent chromatography method and countercurrent chromatography apparatus of the present invention, instead of using a conventional hollow separation tube, the number of separation stages per separation tube can be reduced even if the separation tube is of the same size. The amount of sample processing per unit time can also be increased.
Further, the device structure is simple in various respects, and the capacity can be easily increased.
本発明の液滴向流クロマトグラフィーにおいては、直立分離管を管壁に垂直な隔壁により仕切ることにより、複数（通常の長さの直立管であれば数個から１０個程度）のセルが直列連結されるようにする。各隔壁には、直立分離管の上端・下端と同様に孔を開けておく。この孔は１個に限定するものではなく複数形成してもよい。即ち本発明においては、従来における１本の直立分離管に代えて、長さが短い直立分離管（セル）を垂直方向に数個から１０個程度直列連結した分離管を用いる。それにより、装置構造の空間効率が極めて向上する筈であるが、従来の直立分離管では、管１本あたり理想的には１段以上の分離段が実現されるとされていたところ、セルがそのように短いのでは、一つのセル内で分配平衡にとても到達できず、セル一つあたりの分離段が１段にとても届かないのではないか、という懸念（問題点）がある。その点の解決手段として、以下の(Ａ)，(Ｂ)二つの手段の何れか或いは両方を採用する。 In droplet countercurrent chromatography of the present invention, by dividing the vertical septum wall upstanding separation tube wall, the cell of the plurality (about 10 of several if normal length standpipe of) Be connected in series. Each partition is perforated in the same manner as the upper and lower ends of the upright separator tube. The number of holes is not limited to one, and a plurality of holes may be formed. That is, in the present invention, instead of the conventional single vertical separation tube, a vertical separation tube (cell) having a short length is connected in series in the vertical direction from several to about ten. As a result, the space efficiency of the device structure should be greatly improved. However, in the conventional upright separation pipe, one or more separation stages were ideally realized per one pipe. In such a short case, there is a concern (problem) that the distribution equilibrium cannot be reached in one cell and the separation stage per cell may not reach one stage. One or both of the following two methods (A) and (B) are adopted as means for solving this problem.
(Ａ)固定相と移動相の間の界面張力に応じた分離管内径を用いて移動中の液滴径が分離管内径とほぼ等しくなるようにする。
２液相の間の界面張力に応じた分離管内径を用いるということは、例えば界面張力が大きいほど大きな内径を用いることであって、移動中の液滴径を直立分離管内径とほぼ等しくする。このように移動中の液滴径と等しい内径の分離管を用いる場合、分離管の断面形状は正円形とする。
そうすることにより、液滴の上昇又は下降に伴う各セル内での各液相内及び液相間の撹拌が一層促進され、結果として平衡到達が促進される。尚、液滴がセル内を上昇する場合は、２液相のうちの軽い方を移動相とした場合であり、液滴がセル内を下降する場合は、２液相のうちの重い方を移動相とした場合に相当する。
従来の直立分離管では、２液相間の分配平衡到達に時間を要するために、長い管長を要し、またその一方で、例え管長は長くても、分離管長軸方向の拡散や同じく長軸方向の擾乱により分離段数の低下が起きていた。
それに対し、本発明では、拡散や擾乱の分離管長軸方向の伝播が、分離管内に設けた隔壁等の存在により完全にブロックされるという点が本発明の大きな利点である。
また、本発明では、同じ内径の分離管なら、細かい液滴を用いる場合より流速をより速くできるるので、単位時間当たりの処理量が増大するという利点もある。
尚、２液相間の界面張力に応じた分離管内径を用いるということは、異なる組み合わせの２液相ではその間の界面張力に応じて分離管内径を変える必要があることを意味しており、２液相の組み合わせが決まっている系、例えば大きなシステムの一部としての廃液処理などにおいては大きな問題とならない。
(A) Using the inner diameter of the separation tube according to the interfacial tension between the stationary phase and the mobile phase, the diameter of the moving droplet is made substantially equal to the inner diameter of the separation tube.
The use of the inner diameter of the separation tube corresponding to the interfacial tension between the two liquid phases means that, for example, the larger the interfacial tension, the larger the inner diameter, and the moving droplet diameter is made substantially equal to the inner diameter of the upright separation pipe . When a separation tube having an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the moving droplet is used, the sectional shape of the separation tube is a perfect circle.
By doing so, stirring in each liquid phase and between liquid phases in each cell accompanying the rise or fall of the droplet is further promoted, and as a result, reaching of equilibrium is promoted. When the droplet rises in the cell, the lighter one of the two liquid phases is used as the mobile phase. When the droplet falls in the cell, the heavier one of the two liquid phases is taken. This corresponds to the case where a mobile phase is used.
In conventional upright separation tubes, it takes time to reach distribution equilibrium between the two liquid phases, so a long tube length is required. On the other hand, even if the tube length is long, diffusion in the longitudinal direction of the separation tube and The number of separation stages was reduced due to the direction disturbance.
On the other hand, in the present invention, it is a great advantage of the present invention that the propagation of diffusion and disturbance in the long axis direction of the separation tube is completely blocked by the presence of a partition wall or the like provided in the separation tube.
Further, in the present invention, if the separation tubes have the same inner diameter, the flow rate can be made faster than when fine droplets are used, so that there is an advantage that the processing amount per unit time increases.
In addition, using the inner diameter of the separation tube according to the interfacial tension between the two liquid phases means that the separation pipe inner diameter needs to be changed according to the interfacial tension between the two liquid phases in different combinations. In a system in which a combination of two liquid phases is determined, for example, in a waste liquid treatment as a part of a large system, there is no big problem.
(Ｂ)多数の非孔性小球体を充填した分離管を用いる。
直立分離管の内部に多数の非孔性小球体を充填（パッキング）すると、非孔性小球体の働きにより、非孔性小球体の径と同程度以下の小さな空間スケールでの撹拌は促進され、しかも非孔性小球体の径より大きな空間スケールでの擾乱は抑制される。
そうすることにより、平衡到達が促進され、太い分離管を用いた場合でも高い分離段数を実現でき、試料処理容量を増やすことができる。このように太い分離管を用いる場合、隔壁には原則として多数個の孔を形成する。また、分離管の断面形状は必ずしも正円形でなくてよく、楕円形など滑らかな曲線を外輪郭とするようにすればよい。
(B) A separation tube filled with a large number of non-porous small spheres is used.
When a large number of non-porous globules are packed in the upright separation tube, the non-porous globules work to promote agitation at a small space scale that is less than or equal to the diameter of the non-porous spheres. Moreover, disturbance on a spatial scale larger than the diameter of the non-porous microsphere is suppressed.
By doing so, the achievement of equilibrium is promoted, and even when a thick separation tube is used, a high number of separation stages can be realized, and the sample processing capacity can be increased. When such a thick separation tube is used, in principle, a large number of holes are formed in the partition wall. Further, the sectional shape of the separation tube is not necessarily a perfect circle, and a smooth curve such as an ellipse may be used as the outer contour.
図１は、直立分離管を管壁に垂直な隔壁により仕切っている状態を示すものであり、各隔壁には孔が形成され、複数のセルが直列連結されるように形成されている状態を示している。 Figure 1 shows a state in which partitioned by vertical septum wall upstanding separation tube wall, each partition wall holes are formed, a state in which a plurality of cells are formed to be coupled in series Is shown.
図２は、前記(Ａ)の態様の一実施例を示すものであり、２液相のうち軽い方を移動相とする場合を示している。
この場合、移動中の液滴径は直立分離管の内径とほぼ等しく、液滴はセル内を上昇するものであり、その上昇に伴ってセル内での各液相内及び液相間の撹拌が一層促進され、結果として平衡到達が促進される。
原試料は、この場合は直立分離管の下端からパルス状に注入される。
FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the aspect (A), and shows a case where the lighter of the two liquid phases is used as the mobile phase.
In this case, the moving droplet diameter is almost equal to the inner diameter of the upright separation tube, and the droplet rises in the cell, and as it rises, stirring in each liquid phase and between the liquid phases in the cell Is further promoted, and as a result, reaching equilibrium is promoted.
In this case, the original sample is injected in pulses from the lower end of the upright separation tube.
図３は、前記(Ａ)の態様の一実施例を示すものであり、２液相のうち重い方を移動相とする場合を示している。
この場合、移動中の液滴径は直立分離管の内径とほぼ等しく、液滴はセル内を下降するものであり、その上昇に伴ってセル内での各液相内及び液相間の撹拌が一層促進され、結果として平衡到達が促進される。
原試料は、この場合は直立分離管の上端からパルス状に注入される。
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the mode (A), and shows a case where the heavier of the two liquid phases is used as the mobile phase.
In this case, the diameter of the moving droplet is almost equal to the inner diameter of the upright separation tube, and the droplet descends in the cell, and as it rises, stirring in each liquid phase and between the liquid phases in the cell Is further promoted, and as a result, reaching equilibrium is promoted.
In this case, the original sample is injected in pulses from the upper end of the upright separation tube.
図４は、前記(Ｂ)の態様の一実施例を示すものであり、内径の太い直立分離管の内部に多数の非孔性小球体を充填している。
この場合、高い分離段数を実現でき、試料処理容量を増やすことができる。
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the mode (B), in which a large number of non-porous small spheres are filled in an upright separation tube having a large inner diameter.
In this case, a high number of separation stages can be realized, and the sample processing capacity can be increased.
バイオ系産業等、製造工程における分離精製手段としての利用が見込まれる。 It is expected to be used as a separation and purification means in manufacturing processes such as bio-based industries.
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| FR2976500B1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2013-05-31 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIMPLE COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPATION WITH LOW LOAD LOSS AND NUMBER OF HIGH ZONES. |
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