JP4244813B2 - Forged rough and its shape judgment method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a forged coarse material and a shape determination method thereof.

Since the forged coarse material is likely to be thin at a portion located at the corner of the die, a defective product having a shape defect is detected by measuring and inspecting the shape. Conventional shape determination uses a shape measuring device having a non-contact type distance sensor (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-62144

  However, the shape measuring device is a complex system, and the determination by the shape measuring device has good accuracy, but it takes a long time for a series of processing such as setting of forged rough material, shape measurement, data processing, judgment, etc. Has the problem.

  The present invention was made to solve the problems associated with the above-described conventional technology, and an object thereof is to provide a forged coarse material capable of easily and quickly determining the presence or absence of a shape defect and a method for determining the shape thereof. To do.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1
It is a forged rough material from which a forged member is obtained by being machined,
A first forged surface formed by forging, a second forged surface located in a direction intersecting with the first forged surface, and first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions whose contours are deformed by lacking wall,
The first processed surface formed by machining the first forged surface and the second processed surface formed by machining the second forged surface are corners of the forged member. Configure
The first three-dimensional shape portion is arranged at a position that intersects when the second processing surface is extended on the first forging surface, and the second three-dimensional shape portion is the first processing on the second forging surface. It is a rough forged material characterized in that it is placed at a position that intersects when the surface is extended.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 6 provides:
A method for determining the shape of a rough forged material in which a forged member is obtained by being subjected to machining,
The forged rough material includes a first forged surface formed by forging, a second forged surface positioned in a direction intersecting the first forged surface, and first and second three-dimensional shapes whose contours are deformed due to lacking. And
The first processed surface formed by machining the first forged surface and the second processed surface formed by machining the second forged surface are corners of the forged member. Configure
The first three-dimensional shape portion is arranged at a position that intersects when the second processing surface is extended on the first forging surface, and the second three-dimensional shape portion is the first processing on the second forging surface. It is arranged at the position that intersects when the surface is extended,
It is a shape determination method of the forged rough material characterized by determining the presence or absence of the shape defect of the said forged rough material based on the outline of the said 1st and 2nd three-dimensional shape part after forge forming.

  The present invention configured as described above has the following effects.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the shape defect due to the thinning reaching the corner of the forged member occurs in the forged rough material, the contours of the first and second three-dimensional shape portions are affected. . The deformation of the contour due to the lack of wall can be easily and easily determined visually without using a shape measuring device, and individual differences are unlikely to occur in the determination. Therefore, when determining the presence or absence of a shape defect in the forged rough material based on the contours of the first and second three-dimensional shape portions, the determination can be performed easily and quickly. That is, it is possible to provide a forged coarse material that can easily and quickly determine the presence or absence of a shape defect.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, when a shape defect due to the thinning reaching the corner portion of the forged member occurs in the forged rough material, the outlines of the first and second three-dimensional shape portions are affected. . The deformation of the contour due to the lack of wall can be easily and easily determined visually without using a shape measuring device, and individual differences are unlikely to occur in the determination. Therefore, the determination of the shape defect of the forged rough material based on the contours of the first and second three-dimensional shape portions is simple and quick. That is, it is possible to provide a method for determining the shape of a forged coarse material that can easily and quickly determine the presence or absence of a shape defect.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view of a forged coarse material according to Embodiment 1. FIG.

  The forged rough material 10 is subjected to machining to obtain a forged member. The forged member is, for example, a side flange incorporated in a differential gear device applied for the purpose of driving a drive wheel. The forged coarse material 10 is formed by forging including extrusion, and has a shaft portion 11 formed of a cylindrical protruding portion formed by extrusion.

  2 is a perspective view of the tip end portion of the shaft portion of the forged rough material shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tip portion of the shaft portion of the forged rough material shown in FIG.

  The tip portion 12 of the shaft portion 11 has a forged surface 13 located on the end surface and a forged surface 14 located on the outer periphery. The forged surfaces 13 and 14 are surfaces (forged skin) formed by forging, and are located in directions intersecting each other.

  The forged surfaces 13 and 14 (first and second forged surfaces) are machined to form processed surfaces 33 and 34 (first and second processed surfaces). The processed surfaces 33 and 34 constitute the corner portion 31 of the forged member 30.

The distal end portion 12 of the shaft portion 11 has solid shape portions (first and second solid shape portions) 15 and 16 whose contours are deformed due to the lack of thickness. Three-dimensional shape portions 15 and 16, forged surfaces 13 and 14 at the same time is formed, the position _{P 1} in the forging surfaces 13, the position _{P 2} in the second forging surface, are arranged. Position P _1, when allowed to extend the working surface 34, is a position intersecting the forging surface 13. Position P _2, when allowed to extend the working surface 33, is a position intersecting the forging surface 14.

The contours of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 are configured by steps with respect to the forged surfaces 14 and 13 , respectively . The forged surface 17 located between the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 forms a concave step surface .

  In forging, undercutting (thickening failure or insufficient material filling) occurs at the corners of the mold depending on molding conditions such as forging temperature, mold temperature, and lubricant application amount. If the missing wall does not remain in the forged member after machining, it will not be a defective product having a shape defect. In other words, even if a thin wall is formed, there is no problem if it is located at a site to be removed by machining.

The portion of the forged coarse material 10 located at the corner of the die where the undercutting occurs is the tip portion 12 of the shaft portion 11 (near the corner portion 31 of the forged member 30). Therefore, when the shape defect due to the thinning reaching the corner portion 31 of the forged member 30 occurs in the forged rough material 10, the three-dimensional shape portion 15 disposed at the positions P ₁ and P ₂ of the forged surfaces 13 and 14, Sixteen contours are affected.

  The deformation of the contour due to the lack of wall can be easily and easily determined visually without using a shape measuring device, and individual differences are unlikely to occur in the determination. Therefore, when determining the presence or absence of a shape defect of the forged rough material 10 based on the contours of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16, the determination can be performed easily and quickly.

Further, since the forged surface 17 located between the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 forms a stepped surface , the visibility when the contours of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 are affected is good.

  As described above, Embodiment 1 can provide a forged coarse material that can easily and quickly determine the presence or absence of a shape defect.

In addition, since the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 are located at portions that are removed by machining, the quality of the forged member 30 is not affected. Further, the contours of the three-dimensionally shaped parts 15 and 16 are each constituted by a step and have a simple structure, so that the structure of the forging die only requires minor changes and affects the forging. Does not affect. That is, the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 can be easily formed during forging.

  Next, a method for determining the shape of the rough forged material will be described in detail. 4 and 5 are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view for explaining the shape of the thin wall when it is determined that the forged rough material is a non-defective product, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are determined that the forged rough material is a non-defective product. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are a perspective view and a cross-section for explaining the undercut shape when it is determined that the forged coarse material is a defective product. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when it can be visually confirmed that the contours of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 are not deformed even when the tip portion 12 has the lacking wall 35, as shown in FIG. 5. The underfill 35 does not reach the corner portion 31 of the forged member 30.

  Therefore, the forged member 10 is a non-defective product because the cutout 35 does not remain in the forged member 30 after machining. That is, when the contours of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 are not deformed, it is determined that the forged coarse material 10 does not have a shape defect.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, a case where a lacking portion 36 occurs in the tip end portion 12 and only one contour of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 can be visually confirmed is also shown in FIG. 7. As shown, the underfill 36 does not reach the corner 31 of the forged member 30.

  Therefore, the forged member 10 is a good product because the cutout 36 does not remain in the forged member 30 after machining. That is, even when only one contour of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 is deformed, it is determined that the forged coarse material 10 does not have a shape defect.

  However, as shown in FIG. 8, when it is possible to visually confirm that the lacking portion 37 is generated at the distal end portion 12 and the outlines of the three-dimensional shape portions 15 and 16 are deformed, as shown in FIG. 9, The probability that the underfill 36 has reached the corner 31 of the forged member 30 is very high.

  Therefore, the forged member 10 is determined to be a defective product because the forged member 30 may remain in the forged member 30 after machining. That is, when the three-dimensional shape parts 15 and 16 have the outline deform | transformed by lacking, it determines with the forge rough material 10 having a shape defect.

  As described above, the determination of the shape defect of the forged rough material based on the contours of the first and second three-dimensional shape portions is simple and quick. That is, Embodiment 1 can provide a method for determining the shape of a forged rough material that can easily and quickly determine the presence or absence of a shape defect.

  In order to save a non-defective product erroneously determined to have a shape defect, for example, a shape measuring device having a non-contact type distance sensor can be used to re-determine the presence or absence of the shape defect. In this case, since a small number of forged rough materials removed as defective products are targeted, it is possible to shorten the determination time compared to the 100% inspection.

  10 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a forging device for forming the forged coarse material shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a die of the forging device shown in FIG.

  The forging device 50 includes a mold having an upper mold 60 and a lower mold 70, and a knockout 80.

  The upper die 60 is a movable die, is disposed so as to be able to approach and separate from the lower die 70, and is used to apply a pressing force for compressing the forging material 55. The upper die 60 has a protrusion 61 corresponding to the end face shape of the base of the forged rough material 10.

The lower die 70 is a fixed die and has a cylindrical cavity 71 corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the forged coarse material 10 excluding the base end face. As shown in FIG. 11, the cavity 71 has protruding shape portions 75 and 76, and the cavity surface 77 located between the protruding shape portions 75 and 76 forms a convex step surface . The protruding shape portions 75 and 76 and the cavity surface 77 are arranged corresponding to the three-dimensional shape portions 15 and 16 and the forged surface 17 of the forged rough material 10 and have a fitting shape.

  The knockout 80 has a pin shape having a cylindrical shaft portion 81 and a base portion 82, and is used for extruding the shaft portion of the forged coarse material after forging. The knockout 80 is disposed in a recess 72 formed in the lower mold 70.

  The recess 72 has a columnar reduced diameter portion 73 and an enlarged diameter portion 74. The reduced diameter portion 73 is in continuous communication with the cavity 71. The enlarged diameter portion 74 is provided with the shaft portion 81 of the knockout 80, and the length of the enlarged diameter portion 74 defines the movable range of the knockout 80.

  In addition, the cross-sectional direction of FIG. 10 is related with the dashed-dotted line LL shown by FIG.

  Next, a method for forming the forged coarse material 10 using the forging device 50 will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, the forging material 55 is set on the lower mold 70.

  Thereafter, the upper mold 60 is lowered and brought close to the lower mold 70. The protruding portion 61 of the upper mold 60 abuts against the end surface of the base portion of the forging material 55 and applies a pressing force for compressing the forging material 55. At this time, a predetermined clearance C is secured between the upper mold 60 and the lower mold 70. Since the clearance C receives burrs made of a material extruded by forging, a sufficient pressing force is applied to the forging material 55.

  As the forging process progresses, the distal end of the forging material 55 with respect to the filling direction D of the forging material corresponds to the shape of the cavity 71 of the lower mold 70 and constitutes a shaft portion formed of a cylindrical protruding portion. At this time, the protruding shape portions 75 and 76 formed in the cavity 71 and the shape of the cavity surface 77 (see FIG. 11) are transferred to the shaft portion of the forging material 55.

Therefore, the obtained forged coarse material 10 has the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 disposed at the positions P ₁ and P ₂ of the forged surfaces 13 and 14, and is forged located between the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16. The surface 17 forms a concave step surface (see FIG. 3).

  When the forging is completed, the upper die 60 is raised and separated from the lower die 70. Then, knockout 80 is raised. The shaft portion 81 of the knockout 80 abuts against the shaft portion of the forged rough material 10 and pushes the forged rough material 10 from the lower mold 70.

  As described above, the three-dimensionally shaped portions 15 and 16 and the forged surface 17 of the forged coarse material 10 can be easily formed during forging.

  FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the forged coarse material according to the second embodiment. The second embodiment is generally different from the first embodiment in that the forged coarse material has a plurality of sets of first and second forged surfaces.

  The forged rough material 110 has a polygonal portion 112 protruding in the filling direction D of the forging material. The polygonal portion 112 has a forged surface 113 positioned on the end surface, a forged surface 123 positioned on the side surface, and an inclined forged surface 114 that connects the forged surface 113 and the forged surface 123. In other words, the forged surfaces 113 and 114 are positioned in a direction intersecting each other, the forged surfaces 114 and 123 are positioned in a direction intersecting each other, and the forged surfaces 113, 114, and 123 are two sets of first sets. And the 2nd forge surface is comprised.

  The forged surfaces 113, 114, and 123 are machined to form processed surfaces 133, 134, and 143. The processed surfaces 133 and 134 constitute the corner portion 131 of the forged member 130, and the processed surfaces 134 and 143 constitute the corner portion 141 of the forged member 130.

Further, when the processing surface 134 is extended, the three-dimensional shape portion 115, the position P ₁ that intersects the forging surface 113, and the position P ₂ that intersects the forging surface 114 when the processing surface 133 is extended. 116 is arranged. The three-dimensional shape portions 115 and 116 are used for determining the presence or absence of a shape defect related to the corner portion 131 of the forged member 130, and are arranged in one of the first and second forged surface sets. Parts.

Further, when to extend the working surface 143, the position _{P 3} intersecting the forging surface 114, when to extend the working surface 134, and the position _{P 4} intersecting the forging surface 123, the three-dimensional shape portion 125, 126 is arranged. The three-dimensional shape portions 125 and 126 are used to determine the presence or absence of a shape defect related to the corner portion 141 of the forged member 130, and the first and second three-dimensional shapes arranged on the other set of the first and second forged surfaces. Parts.

  The forged member 130 becomes a defective product when the underfill reaches at least one corner. Therefore, in at least one set, when the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions have contours deformed due to lacking, it is determined that the forged coarse material 110 has a shape defect. That is, when at least one of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 115 and 116 and at least one of the three-dimensionally shaped portions 125 and 126 do not have a contour deformed due to the lacking wall, the forged coarse material 110 is a good product and has no shape defect. to decide.

  As described above, also in the second embodiment, the shape defect of the forged coarse material can be determined easily and quickly.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.

For example, a forged member obtained by machining a forged coarse material is not limited to a side flange. Moreover, the forging surface located between three-dimensional shape parts is not limited to what forms a concave level | step difference surface , It is also possible to change a shape suitably according to the shape of the corner | angular part of a forging rough material. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to a forged rough material having three or more sets of first and second forging surfaces.

1 is a perspective view of a forged coarse material according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a perspective view of the front-end | tip part of the axial part of the forge rough material shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing of the front-end | tip part of the axial part of the forge rough material shown by FIG. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the lacking shape in the case of determining with a forge rough material being a good article. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the missing-wall shape in the case of determining with a forged rough material being a good article. It is a perspective view for demonstrating another lacking shape in the case of determining with a forged rough material being a good article. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating another lacking shape in the case of determining with a forged rough material being a good article. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the lacking shape in the case of determining with a forge rough material being a malfunctioning product. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the lacking shape in the case of determining with a forge rough material being a defect product. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the forging apparatus for shape | molding the forge rough material shown by FIG. It is a partial expanded sectional view of the metal mold | die of the forging apparatus shown by FIG. It is a top view for demonstrating the cross-sectional direction of FIG. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the shaping | molding method which uses the forging apparatus shown by FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a forged rough material according to Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10. ・ Forged rough material,
11. Shaft part,
12. The tip,
13,14 ... forged surface,
15, 16 ... solid part,
17. Forged surface,
30 ... Forged parts,
31 .. Corner part,
33, 34 ... Processed surface,
35-37 ...
50. ・ Forging equipment,
55 ... Forging materials,
60 .. Upper mold,
61 .. Protruding part,
70 ... Lower mold,
71 .. cavity,
72 .. recess,
73 .. Reduced diameter part,
74 .. Diameter expansion part,
75, 76 .. Projection shape part,
77..Cavity surface,
80 ... knockout,
81 .. Shaft part,
82 .. Base,
110 .. Forged rough material,
112 .. Polygon part,
113, 114, 123 .. forged surface,
115, 116, 125, 126 .. three-dimensional shape part,
130 .. Forged members,
131, 141 ... corners,
133, 134, 143..
C. Clearance,
D ... Filling direction,
L ... line
P _{1 to} P ₄ .. positions.

Claims (13)

It is a forged rough material from which a forged member is obtained by being machined,
A first forged surface formed by forging, a second forged surface located in a direction intersecting with the first forged surface, and first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions whose contours are deformed by lacking wall,
The first processed surface formed by machining the first forged surface and the second processed surface formed by machining the second forged surface are corners of the forged member. Configure
The first three-dimensional shape portion is arranged at a position that intersects when the second processing surface is extended on the first forging surface, and the second three-dimensional shape portion is the first processing on the second forging surface. Forged rough material characterized in that it is arranged at a position that intersects when the surface is extended. The forged coarse material according to claim 1, wherein the contours of the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions are respectively configured by steps with respect to the second and first forged surfaces . The forged rough material according to claim 2, wherein a forged surface located between the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions forms a stepped surface .   The forging includes extrusion, and the forged rough material has a protruding portion formed by extrusion, and the first and second forging surfaces are located at a tip portion of the protruding portion. The forged rough material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:   The protruding portion has a cylindrical shape, and one of the first and second forged surfaces is located on an end surface of a tip portion of the protruding portion, and the other of the first and second forged surfaces is the protruding portion. The forged rough material according to claim 4, wherein the forged rough material is located on an outer periphery of a tip portion of the part.   The said forged rough material has the said 1st and 2nd forge surface of two or more sets, The said 1st and 2nd solid shape part is arrange | positioned at each set, The Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. Forged rough material. A method for determining the shape of a rough forged material in which a forged member is obtained by being subjected to machining,
The forged rough material includes a first forged surface formed by forging, a second forged surface positioned in a direction intersecting the first forged surface, and first and second three-dimensional shapes whose contours are deformed due to lacking. And
The first processed surface formed by machining the first forged surface and the second processed surface formed by machining the second forged surface are corners of the forged member. Configure
The first three-dimensional shape portion is arranged at a position that intersects when the second processing surface is extended on the first forging surface, and the second three-dimensional shape portion is the first processing on the second forging surface. It is arranged at the position that intersects when the surface is extended,
A method for determining the shape of a forged coarse material, wherein the presence or absence of a shape defect in the forged coarse material is determined based on the contours of the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions after forging.   The forged rough material shape determining method according to claim 7, wherein when the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions have contours deformed due to lacking, the forged rough material is determined to have a shape defect. . 9. The forged rough material according to claim 7, wherein the contours of the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions are configured by steps with respect to the second and first forged surfaces, respectively . Shape determination method. The forged rough material shape determining method according to claim 9, wherein the forged surface located between the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions forms a stepped surface .   The forging includes extrusion, and the forged rough material has a protruding portion formed by extrusion, and the first and second forging surfaces are located at a tip portion of the protruding portion. The method for determining a shape of a forged coarse material according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein:   The protruding portion has a cylindrical shape, and one of the first and second forged surfaces is located on an end surface of a tip portion of the protruding portion, and the other of the first and second forged surfaces is the protruding portion. The method for determining a shape of a forged rough material according to claim 11, wherein the method is located on an outer periphery of a tip portion of the part. The forged coarse material has a plurality of sets of the first and second forged surfaces, and the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions are arranged in each set,
8. The forging according to claim 7, wherein, in at least one set, when the first and second three-dimensionally shaped portions have contours deformed by lacking, the forged rough material is determined to have a shape defect. Crude material shape determination method.

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