JP4244086B2 - Polyphenol concentration and recovery method and polyphenol-rich yeast. - Google Patents
Polyphenol concentration and recovery method and polyphenol-rich yeast. Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はブドウやワイン等に含まれるポリフェノール、特に、フラボノールであるケルセチンやミリセチン,スティルベン化合物であるリスベラトロール等を効率良く濃縮・回収する方法および当該ポリフェノールを高濃度に含むワイン酵母を提供するものである。
【0002】
【発明の背景】
いわゆる「フレンチパラドックス」の鍵を解くのが赤ワインであるとの報告があってから,赤ワインは「健康に良い」ということから赤ワインの消費が増大している。赤ワインは動脈硬化,心臓病,癌,痴呆症,アルツハイマー症等に効果があると報告されており、その効果を発揮する成分は含まれるポリフェノールであるといわれている。
【0003】
ポリフェノールはベンゼン環に水酸基を複数有するものの総称であるが,その中でも、ケルセチンに代表されるフラボノール類は、抗癌作用や抗酸化作用の高い物質であると報告されている。また、同じくポリフェノールの一種のスティルベン化合物であるリスベラトロールは、悪玉コレステロールであるLDL-コレステロールの酸化阻害による動脈硬化予防効果,血小板凝集阻害による血栓症予防効果の他,抗癌作用,ファイトエストロゲンとしての作用,痴呆症やアルツハイマー症予防効果を示すことにより注目を集めている。
【0004】
ポリフェノールを摂取する方法としては,赤ワインや赤ブドウ果汁を飲用することが知られている。しかし,健康効果の高いフラボノール類やリスベラトロールのワインあるいはブドウ果汁おける濃度は比較的低い。即ち,ブドウやワインにおけるフラボノール類含量は通常20〜50 mg/L [J. Oszmianski, C.Y. Lee, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., vol. 41, pp. 204-206 (1990), P.L. Teissedre, E.N. Frankel, A.W. Waterhouse, H. Peleg, J.B. German, J. Sci. Food Agric., vol. 70, pp. 55-61 (1996)]である。また,リスベラトロール含量は更に低く,全スティルベン化合物濃度でも白ワインで0.01〜3.02 mg/L,赤ワインで0.82〜13.43 mg/L [M. Sato, Y. Suzuki, T. Okuda, K. Yokotsuka, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., vol. 61, pp. 1800-1805 (1997)]である。
【0005】
【従来の技術】
フラボノールやリスベラトロールを有効な量摂取することは,ワインや果汁を大量摂取しなければならず,ワインの場合はアルコールの害が問題となり,果汁の場合は糖分の過剰摂取となる問題がある。ワインを減圧蒸留などで濃縮すれば、アルコールの害の問題は避けることができるが、これによって得られた濃縮物は有機酸量が多すぎるため飲食用には適しない。一方、果汁を濃縮しても糖分の過剰摂取の問題は解決できない。従って,これら有効なポリフェノールを選択的に高濃度化することが望まれていた。こここで,理論的には吸着樹脂を使用し,極性の比較的低い物質を吸着し,溶媒を使用し選択的に溶出することが考えられるが,樹脂塔の建設や吸着樹脂が必要であり,コストが高くなる難点がある。従来,フラボノール類やリスベラトロールをワインやブドウ果汁等から安価に,選択的濃縮・回収する方法は知られていなかった。
【0006】
一方、酵母を栄養補助食品として利用することは古くから行われているが,ポリフェノールを高濃度で含み,特にポリフェノールの中でも,フラボノール類やリスベラトロールを高濃度で含む酵母食品の報告はない。今までに詳述したように,ケルセチンに代表されるフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物であるリスベラトロールには抗癌性や動脈硬化予防効果など種々の優れた作用があるが,フラボノール類とリスベラトロールを高濃度に含む酵母は未だに開発されていない。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ワインやブドウ果汁に存在するケルセチンなどのフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物であるリスベラトロールを,安価に選択的且つ効率良く濃縮・回収すること,および,フラボノール類やリスベラトロールを高濃度に含む酵母を開発することが,本発明の課題である。
【0008】
【問題点を解決するための手段】
我々は,ワイン酵母の有効利用研究の過程で,ワイン発酵後の酵母菌体に含まれるポリフェノールを分析したところ,意外にも,ポリフェノール中のケルセチンやミリセチン等のフラボノール類,およびリスベラトロールやその配糖体パイシードなどのスティルベン化合物が著量含まれることを見い出した。更に鋭意研究を重ねたところ,酵母はブドウ果汁やワインに添加するだけで,フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を選択性良く吸着できることを見い出し,本発明に到達した。
【0009】
即ち,本発明は赤ワイン発酵後の菌体を回収し,当該菌体を得ること,および得られた菌体からエタノールなどの親水性極性溶剤を使用し,酵母に吸着したフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を抽出し,フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を高濃度に含む溶液,または更に高濃度化した溶液,または粉末を得ることにより実施できる。また,パン酵母等市販酵母を赤ブドウ果汁やワインに添加・インキュベートすることでも,フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物が選択的に吸着できるので,特に発酵工程を経なくても発明を実施できる。本発明は,フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を含む果汁あるいはワインと酵母菌体を接触させることで,選択的に菌体に当該物質を吸着することを特徴とする。
【0010】
以下に,本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明における果汁とは目的のフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を含有するものであれば,特に果汁の種類は問わない。果汁としては,赤ブドウ果汁,りんご果汁,ブルーベリー果汁,アローニャ果汁,黒すぐり果汁等が使用できるが,好適には,赤ブドウ果汁が用いられる。
【0011】
使用するワインについても特に種類は問わない。通常ワインはブドウを発酵したものであるが,前述したフラボノール類およびスティルベン化合物を含む果汁を発酵して得られたものであれば,全て本発明に使用できる。好適には,赤ワインが使用される。
【0012】
果汁および/またはワインと酵母の接触方法は,ワイン醸造の発酵工程を利用することができる。また,市販の乾燥または酵母湿菌体を使用し,果汁および/またはワインに添加し,しばらく接触時間を取ることでも実施できる。市販の酵母菌体としてはパン酵母(オリエンタル酵母社)や醸造用のワイン酵母(EC1118,Lallemand社)など,入手可能な酵母菌体であれば,特に種類は問わない。果汁および/またはワインと酵母の接触条件は,発酵工程を利用する場合は,ワインの発酵条件である,10℃〜30℃,3〜20日間である。果汁および/またはワインに酵母菌体を添加する場合は,酵母と果汁および/またはワインの接触条件は0〜30℃,30分間以上で良いが,通常,5〜20℃,5時間の接触時間が好適である。
【0013】
本発明のフラボノール類含有酵母は,赤ワイン発酵後の酵母を使用する場合,赤ワイン発酵後の酵母を遠心分離や濾過など,通常ワインの清澄化の為に行われる菌体分離操作により回収される。回収した菌体は,適宜,真空乾燥,凍結乾燥,噴霧乾燥など当該業者であれば通常行う乾燥工程にて乾燥され,乾燥粉末として得られる。市販の酵母を果汁および/またはワインに添加・接触させ,酵母にフラボノール類やリスベラトロールを吸着した場合も,赤ワイン発酵酵母の場合と同様の方法で回収,乾燥できる。
【0014】
本発明に使用する酵母の果汁および/またはワインに対する添加量は特に限定されないが,果汁および/またはワインに対し,0.1〜10%(w/v)が使用できる。ワイン発酵酵母の場合は,酒母として添加する酵母量は極めて少量であるが,発酵中に酵母が増殖するので,その酵母量は通常約0.5%(w/v)である。
【0015】
果汁および/またはワインと接触し,フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を吸着した回収酵母から,目的のフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物は溶媒にて抽出できる。使用する溶媒は酵母菌体からフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を抽出できるアセトン,メタノール,あるいはエタノールなどの溶媒であれば,特に限定されないが,フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物を含む抽出物を,飲料など人体に対して使用することを考慮すれば,エタノールが好適に使用される。
【0016】
酵母菌体からのフラボノール類やスティルベン化合物の抽出は,通常行われる方法でよく、特に限定はされない。例えば、エタノール水を酵母菌体に接触させることで行うことが出来る。その各種条件は、フラボノール類やスティルベン化合物が効率よく抽出されるものであれば良いが、エタノール濃度10%以上、酵母との接触時間10分間以上、抽出温度は0〜60℃の範囲が望ましい。特に望ましくは、エタノール濃度が20〜80%(v/v)、酵母との接触時間30分間から20時間、が好適条件である。また、抽出時の温度も操作の容易さからは5〜30℃が選択される。
【0017】
以下,実施例を示し,本発明を更に具体的に説明するが,本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0018】
【実施例】
実験例1:ワインの発酵工程を利用した実施例
赤ブドウ濃縮マスト(スペイン産)を4倍に希釈し,糖濃度20.2%の果汁100 Lを用意し,これに市販酵母(Uvaferm CM, Danster Ferment AG社製)を1000 ppm添加し,20℃にて発酵した。12日間の発酵で糖を完全に消費し,発酵が終了したので,遠心(7000 rpm, 15分間)し,菌体を分離し湿菌体を得た。湿菌体の収得量は2600 gであった。本湿菌体を凍結乾燥した後,乾燥酵母菌体を0.3 g分取し,60%(v/v)エタノール30 mLを添加,20℃,20時間スターラーにて撹拌し,酵母に吸着したポリフェノール成分を抽出した。得られた抽出液は遠心(3000 rpm,10分間)し,上清を得,0.45μmの膜濾過し,濾液についてフォーリン・チオカルト法にて,総ポリフェノールを没食子換算にて求めた。その結果,赤ワイン乾燥酵母には3.54%(w/w)のポリフェノールが含まれていた。通常の赤ワインには,総ポリフェノールが0.1〜0.35%が含まれるので,赤ワイン酵母の総ポリフェノール量はワインの濃度の10倍以上ということが判明した。
【0019】
更に、上述の濾液につき,高速液体クロマト(HPLC)にて,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール類の分析を行った。HPLCの詳細な条件は文献 [M. Sato, Y. Suzuki, T. Okuda, K. Yokotsuka, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., vol. 61, pp. 1800-1805 (1997)]に示した条件と同一である。分析結果を表1に示す。
【0020】
【表1】
【0021】
表1より,上記方法で得られた乾燥酵母には、リスベラトロールが122.4 mg/kg,総スティルベン化合物が234.9 mg/kgが含まれていた。この時に得られたワインには総スティルベン化合物が3.1 mg/Lが含まれていたので、ワインのおよそ80倍のスティルベン化合物が含まれていたことになる。特にリスベラトロールについてはワインのおよそ400倍の濃度で含まれていた。一方、フラボノール類に関しては、ケルセチン-3-グルコシド、ケルセチン、ミリセチン、ルチンおよびケンフェロールの総量を総フラボノール濃度とすると、1498.7 mg/kg含まれていた。この時に得られたワインには総フラボノール濃度として25.0 mg/Lが含まれていたことから、総フラボノール濃度もワインのおよそ60倍であることが判明した。中でも、ケルセチンについてはおよそ250倍、ミリセチンについてはおよそ200倍の濃度であった。
【0022】
実施例2:果汁やワインに酵母を添加、撹拌した実施例
果汁やワインに市販乾燥酵母を添加し,フラボノール化合物やスティルベン化合物を選択的に吸着・濃縮可能かどうかを検討した。実施例1で使用した濃縮赤ブドウ果汁を4倍希釈したブドウ果汁100 mLに,乾燥酵母(EC1118,Lallemand社製)を1 g添加し,5℃もしくは20℃で,5時間または20時間撹拌した。また,同様に、実施例1で得られた赤ワイン100 mLに,ブドウ果汁と乾燥酵母を1 g添加し,ブドウ果汁撹拌した。各条件で撹拌後,酵母を遠心分離(7000 rpm,15分間)し,蒸留水20 mLで1回洗浄した。酵母は凍結乾燥器にて乾燥した。各条件での乾燥菌体回収量を表2に示す。得られた乾燥酵母菌体を0.3 g分取し,60%(v/v)エタノール30 mLを添加,20℃,20時間スターラーにて撹拌し,酵母に吸着したポリフェノール成分を抽出した。得られた抽出液は遠心(3000 rpm,10分間)し,上清をHPLC分析した。分析したスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物に関し,表3に5℃におけるブドウ果汁への酵母添加によるポリフェノールの吸着結果,表4に20℃におけるブドウ果汁への酵母添加によるポリフェノールの吸着結果,表5に5℃におけるワインへの酵母添加によるポリフェノールの吸着結果,表6に20℃におけるワインへの酵母添加によるポリフェノールの吸着結果を示す。
【0023】
【表2】
【0024】
【表3】
【0025】
【表4】
【0026】
【表5】
【0027】
【表6】
表2より,酵母と果汁あるいはワインとの接触温度が20℃の場合,5℃と比べ,回収菌体量が若干多くなっているが,これは接触中に酵母が僅かに増殖したためと考えられる。この傾向は果汁での20℃,20時間接触の場合に顕著であった。
【0028】
表3,表4から,元の果汁に含まれるスティルベン化合物中,主要物質であるトランス-リスベラトロールの菌体への回収率(吸着割合)は70〜80%であり,極めて選択的に酵母に吸着,回収されていることが分かる。また,フラボノール化合物中,主要物質であるケルセチンおよびミリセチンの菌体での回収率は90%以上と極めて高く,極めて選択的に効率良く菌体に吸着され,エタノールで溶出されることが判明した。表3,表4から,吸着反応時間は5℃では5時間でも20時間でも殆ど差がなく,接触時間は5時間で既に充分であることが判明した。また,20℃では酵母へのスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の吸着量は5℃より若干少なく,特に反応時間が長くなると少なくなることが分かった。これは,酵母が発酵してしまうと為と考えられた。即ち,果汁から酵母にスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物を吸着させる場合,5℃付近の低温で反応することが良く,20℃で吸着反応を行う場合は,5時間程度の短時間の方が望ましいことが判明した。
【0029】
表5,表6から,赤ワインに含まれるスティルベン化合物中,主要物質であるトランス-リスベラトロールの菌体への回収率(吸着割合)は43〜60%であり,選択的に酵母に吸着,回収されていることが分かる。また,フラボノール化合物中,主要物質であるケルセチンはほぼ全て菌体に吸着され,エタノールで溶出されることが判明した。表5,表6から,吸着反応時間は5℃の場合,5時間でも20時間でも殆ど差がなく,接触時間は5時間で既に充分であることが判明した。また,20℃の場合は,20時間の反応より5時間の方が吸着量が若干多い傾向であった。吸着量は20℃より5℃の方が多く,赤ワインに酵母を添加し,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物を吸着させる場合,5℃付近の低温で反応することが良く,反応時間は5〜20時間でほぼ同様であることが判明した。5℃,5時間ワインと接触した乾燥酵母の総フェノール含量は1.4%であり,20℃,5時間ワインと接触した乾燥酵母の総フェノール含量は1.3%であった。
【0030】
実施例3
赤ワイン酵母からスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物を抽出する目的で,抽出に用いるエタノール水のエタノール濃度を検討した。実施例1で得られた乾燥赤ワイン酵母を0.3 g宛秤量し,0〜99.5%濃度のエタノール水を添加し,総量を30 mLとし,20℃,20時間スターラーにて撹拌後,遠心分離器にて上清を得,0.45μmの膜濾過後,実施例1と同様のHPLC条件にて,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の抽出量を測定した。結果を表7に示す。
【0031】
表7の抽出量は菌体1%溶液として求めたので,菌体1 kg当りに換算して示した。表7より,抽出エタノール濃度は60%(v/v)が最大の抽出効率を示した。80%エタノール水は高い抽出率を示すが,99.5%のエタノールでは全く抽出されなかった。表7から,菌体からの抽出エタノール水としては,40〜80%エタノール水が好適に使用できることが判明した。
【0032】
【表7】
実施例4
赤ワイン発酵終了時に得られる遠心分離菌体に直接エタノールを添加し,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の抽出液を得るため,実施例1で得られた湿菌体300 mLに95.5%のアルコールを種々の量添加し,実用的な抽出条件を検討した。アルコール添加後,20℃で一夜撹拌し,遠心後,上清をHPLC分析し,得られる抽出液のスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の濃度を調べた。結果を表8に示す。
【0033】
【表8】
【0034】
表8より,発酵後得られる湿菌体にエタノールを添加し,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の抽出液を得るためには,アルコール濃度が41%の時が最も濃厚な抽出液が得られた。このときのスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の総濃度は,ワインの濃度の7.7倍であった。しかし,総抽出スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物の総量ではエタノール濃度が59.1%であり,実施例3の結果を再現した。以上,赤ワイン発酵後,ワイン製造工程で得られる菌体にエタノールを添加することで,容易にスティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物濃度の高い溶液の得られることが示された。更に高濃度の溶液を得るためには,減圧濃縮などの濃縮工程で,高濃度溶液が調製できる。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明により,抗酸化性が高く,抗癌性,動脈硬化予防効果,血栓症予防効果の高い,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物がブドウ果汁やワインから容易に選択的に抽出することが可能になり,従来,廃棄物として捨てられていた赤ワイン発酵終了後の菌体からも,スティルベン化合物およびフラボノール化合物が効率良く回収できることが示された。得られる酵母菌体は健康補助食品として使用できるほか,抽出液は種々のアルコール飲料や化粧品など広い応用が期待される。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention provides a method for efficiently concentrating and recovering polyphenols contained in grapes, wines, etc., in particular quercetin and myricetin as flavonols, resveratrol as a stilbene compound, and wine yeasts containing the polyphenols in high concentrations. To do.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Since it has been reported that red wine is the key to unlocking the so-called “French paradox”, red wine consumption is increasing because it is “healthy”. Red wine has been reported to be effective for arteriosclerosis, heart disease, cancer, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, etc., and the component that exerts that effect is said to be polyphenols contained.
[0003]
Polyphenol is a general term for those having a plurality of hydroxyl groups in the benzene ring. Among them, flavonols represented by quercetin are reported to be substances having high anticancer activity and antioxidant activity. Similarly, resveratrol, a kind of stilbene compound of polyphenol, prevents arteriosclerosis by inhibiting the oxidation of bad cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and prevents thrombosis by inhibiting platelet aggregation, as well as anticancer activity and phytoestrogens. It has attracted attention because of its effectiveness as an anti-dementia and Alzheimer's disease prevention effect.
[0004]
As a method of ingesting polyphenols, it is known to drink red wine or red grape juice. However, the concentration of highly healthy flavonols and resveratrol in wine or grape juice is relatively low. That is, the content of flavonols in grapes and wines is usually 20-50 mg / L [J. Oszmianski, CY Lee, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., Vol. 41, pp. 204-206 (1990), PL Teissedre, EN Frankel, AW Waterhouse, H. Peleg, JB German, J. Sci. Food Agric., Vol. 70, pp. 55-61 (1996)]. Resveratrol content is even lower, and the total stilbene compound concentration is 0.01 to 3.02 mg / L for white wine and 0.82 to 13.43 mg / L for red wine [M. Sato, Y. Suzuki, T. Okuda, K. Yokotsuka Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., Vol. 61, pp. 1800-1805 (1997)].
[0005]
[Prior art]
Ingesting effective amounts of flavonols and resveratrol requires ingestion of wine and fruit juice in large quantities, and in the case of wine, alcohol damage is a problem, and in the case of fruit juice, there is a problem of excessive sugar intake . If the wine is concentrated by distillation under reduced pressure or the like, the problem of alcohol damage can be avoided, but the concentrate obtained thereby is not suitable for food and drink because the amount of organic acid is too large. On the other hand, concentrating fruit juice cannot solve the problem of excessive intake of sugar. Therefore, it has been desired to selectively increase the concentration of these effective polyphenols. Here, theoretically, it is conceivable to use an adsorbent resin, adsorb a relatively low-polarity substance, and selectively elute it using a solvent. However, construction of a resin tower and an adsorbent resin are necessary. , There is a disadvantage that the cost becomes high. Conventionally, a method for selectively concentrating and recovering flavonols and resveratrol from wine or grape juice at low cost has not been known.
[0006]
On the other hand, the use of yeast as a dietary supplement has been practiced for a long time, but there has been no report of yeast foods containing polyphenols at high concentrations, and especially flavonols and resveratrol among polyphenols. As described in detail so far, flavonols represented by quercetin and resveratrol, which is a stilbene compound, have various excellent effects such as anticancer activity and arteriosclerosis prevention effect. A yeast containing a high concentration of trol has not yet been developed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Concentrate and efficiently collect flavonols such as quercetin and stilbene compounds resveratrol, which are present in wine and grape juice, at low cost, and yeast that contains flavonols and resveratrol at high concentrations Is the subject of the present invention.
[0008]
[Means for solving problems]
In the course of research on the effective use of wine yeast, we analyzed polyphenols in yeast cells after wine fermentation. Surprisingly, we found flavonols such as quercetin and myricetin in polyphenols, and resveratrol and its We found that a significant amount of stilbene compounds such as glycoside pie seeds were included. As a result of further intensive research, it was found that yeast can adsorb flavonols and stilbene compounds with high selectivity only by adding them to grape juice and wine, and has reached the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the present invention collects cells after fermentation of red wine, obtains the cells, and uses a hydrophilic polar solvent such as ethanol from the obtained cells, and flavonols and stilbene compounds adsorbed on yeast. Can be extracted to obtain a solution containing flavonols and stilbene compounds at a high concentration, or a solution or powder having a higher concentration. In addition, flavonols and stilbene compounds can be selectively adsorbed by adding and incubating commercially available yeast such as baker's yeast to red grape juice or wine, so that the invention can be carried out without any particular fermentation process. The present invention is characterized in that the substance is selectively adsorbed to the microbial cells by bringing the yeast cells into contact with fruit juice or wine containing flavonols or stilbene compounds.
[0010]
The present invention is described in detail below. The fruit juice in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the desired flavonols or stilbene compound. As the fruit juice, red grape juice, apple juice, blueberry juice, Aronha juice, black currant juice, etc. can be used, and red grape juice is preferably used.
[0011]
The type of wine used is not particularly limited. Usually, wine is fermented grapes, but any wine obtained by fermenting fruit juice containing the flavonols and stilbene compounds described above can be used in the present invention. Preferably red wine is used.
[0012]
The method of contacting fruit juice and / or wine and yeast can utilize the fermentation process of winemaking. It can also be carried out by using commercially available dried or wet yeast cells, adding them to fruit juice and / or wine and taking a contact time for a while. A commercially available yeast cell is not particularly limited as long as it is an available yeast cell such as baker's yeast (Oriental Yeast) or wine yeast for brewing (EC1118, Lallemand). When the fermentation process is used, the contact condition between the fruit juice and / or wine and yeast is 10 to 30 ° C. for 3 to 20 days, which is the fermentation condition for wine. When yeast cells are added to fruit juice and / or wine, the contact condition between yeast and fruit juice and / or wine may be 0-30 ° C for 30 minutes or longer, but usually 5-20 ° C, 5 hours contact time Is preferred.
[0013]
In the case of using yeast after fermentation of red wine, the yeast containing flavonols of the present invention is recovered by cell separation operations usually performed for clarification of wine, such as centrifugation and filtration. The collected bacterial cells are appropriately dried in a drying process usually performed by those skilled in the art, such as vacuum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, etc., and obtained as a dry powder. Even when commercially available yeast is added and contacted with fruit juice and / or wine and flavonols or resveratrol is adsorbed to the yeast, it can be recovered and dried in the same manner as in the case of red wine fermenting yeast.
[0014]
Although the addition amount with respect to the fruit juice and / or wine of the yeast used for this invention is not specifically limited, 0.1-10% (w / v) can be used with respect to fruit juice and / or wine. In the case of wine-fermenting yeast, the amount of yeast added as a liquor is very small, but since the yeast grows during fermentation, the amount of yeast is usually about 0.5% (w / v).
[0015]
The target flavonols and stilbene compounds can be extracted with a solvent from the recovered yeast that has come into contact with fruit juice and / or wine and adsorbed flavonols and stilbene compounds. The solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent such as acetone, methanol, or ethanol that can extract flavonols and stilbene compounds from yeast cells, but extracts containing flavonols and stilbene compounds can be used for human bodies such as beverages. In view of the use of ethanol, ethanol is preferably used.
[0016]
Extraction of flavonols and stilbene compounds from yeast cells may be carried out by a conventional method, and is not particularly limited. For example, it can be performed by bringing ethanol water into contact with yeast cells. The various conditions are not limited as long as flavonols and stilbene compounds can be efficiently extracted, but the ethanol concentration is preferably 10% or more, the contact time with yeast is 10 minutes or more, and the extraction temperature is preferably in the range of 0 to 60 ° C. . Particularly preferable conditions are an ethanol concentration of 20 to 80% (v / v) and a contact time of 30 minutes to 20 hours with yeast. Further, the temperature at the time of extraction is selected from 5 to 30 ° C. from the viewpoint of ease of operation.
[0017]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0018]
【Example】
Experimental example 1: Example using wine fermentation process Red grape concentrate mast (Spain) was diluted 4-fold, and 100 L of fruit juice with a sugar concentration of 20.2% was prepared. Commercial yeast (Uvaferm CM, Danster Ferment) AG) was added at 1000 ppm and fermented at 20 ° C. Since the sugar was completely consumed in the fermentation for 12 days and the fermentation was completed, the cells were centrifuged (7000 rpm, 15 minutes), and the cells were separated to obtain wet cells. The yield of wet cells was 2600 g. After freeze-drying the wet cells, 0.3 g of dry yeast cells were collected, added with 30 mL of 60% (v / v) ethanol, stirred with a stirrer at 20 ° C for 20 hours, and adsorbed on the polyphenols. Ingredients were extracted. The obtained extract was centrifuged (3000 rpm, 10 minutes) to obtain a supernatant, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, and the total polyphenol was determined by vortex conversion by the foreign thiocult method. As a result, 3.54% (w / w) polyphenol was contained in the red wine dry yeast. Since normal red wine contains 0.1 to 0.35% of total polyphenols, the total polyphenol content of red wine yeast was found to be more than 10 times the wine concentration.
[0019]
Further, the above filtrate was analyzed for stilbene compounds and flavonols by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Detailed HPLC conditions are the same as those shown in the literature [M. Sato, Y. Suzuki, T. Okuda, K. Yokotsuka, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., Vol. 61, pp. 1800-1805 (1997)]. It is. The analysis results are shown in Table 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
From Table 1, the dry yeast obtained by the above method contained resveratrol 122.4 mg / kg and total stilbene compound 234.9 mg / kg. Since the wine obtained at this time contained 3.1 mg / L of the total stilbene compound, this meant that the stilbene compound contained approximately 80 times that of the wine. In particular, resveratrol was contained at a concentration about 400 times that of wine. On the other hand, regarding the flavonols, the total amount of quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin, myricetin, rutin and kaempferol was 1498.7 mg / kg when the total flavonol concentration was used. Since the wine obtained at this time contained 25.0 mg / L as the total flavonol concentration, the total flavonol concentration was found to be about 60 times that of the wine. Among them, the concentration was about 250 times for quercetin and about 200 times for myricetin.
[0022]
Example 2: Example in which yeast was added to and stirred in fruit juice and wine Commercial dried yeast was added to fruit juice and wine to examine whether flavonol compounds and stilbene compounds can be selectively adsorbed and concentrated. 1 g of dry yeast (EC1118, manufactured by Lallemand) was added to 100 mL of grape juice obtained by 4-fold dilution of the concentrated red grape juice used in Example 1, and the mixture was stirred at 5 ° C or 20 ° C for 5 hours or 20 hours. . Similarly, 1 g of grape juice and dry yeast was added to 100 mL of the red wine obtained in Example 1, and the grape juice was stirred. After stirring under each condition, the yeast was centrifuged (7000 rpm, 15 minutes) and washed once with 20 mL of distilled water. The yeast was dried with a freeze dryer. Table 2 shows the amount of dry cells recovered under each condition. 0.3 g of the obtained dried yeast cells were collected, 30 mL of 60% (v / v) ethanol was added, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer at 20 ° C. for 20 hours to extract the polyphenol component adsorbed on the yeast. The obtained extract was centrifuged (3000 rpm, 10 minutes), and the supernatant was analyzed by HPLC. Regarding the analyzed stilbene and flavonol compounds, Table 3 shows the results of adsorption of polyphenols by adding yeast to grape juice at 5 ° C, Table 4 shows the results of adsorption of polyphenols by adding yeast to grape juice at 20 ° C, and Table 5 shows 5 The adsorption results of polyphenols by addition of yeast to wine at ℃, Table 6 shows the adsorption results of polyphenols by addition of yeast to wine at 20 ℃.
[0023]
[Table 2]
[0024]
[Table 3]
[0025]
[Table 4]
[0026]
[Table 5]
[0027]
[Table 6]
From Table 2, when the contact temperature between yeast and fruit juice or wine is 20 ° C, the amount of recovered cells is slightly higher than that at 5 ° C. This is probably because the yeast grew slightly during contact. . This tendency was prominent when the juice was contacted at 20 ° C for 20 hours.
[0028]
From Tables 3 and 4, the recovery rate (adsorption ratio) of the main substance, trans-resveratrol, in the stilbene compound contained in the original juice is 70-80%, which is extremely selective. It can be seen that it is adsorbed and recovered by the yeast. In addition, the recovery rate of quercetin and myricetin, which are the main substances in flavonol compounds, was extremely high, at 90% or higher, and it was found that they were selectively and efficiently adsorbed to the cells and eluted with ethanol. From Tables 3 and 4, it was found that the adsorption reaction time was almost the same at 5 ° C. for 5 hours and 20 hours, and that the contact time was already 5 hours. At 20 ° C, the amount of stilbene and flavonol compounds adsorbed on the yeast was slightly lower than that at 5 ° C, especially when the reaction time was longer. This was thought to be because yeast fermented. That is, when stilbene compounds and flavonol compounds are adsorbed to yeast from fruit juice, it is preferable to react at a low temperature of around 5 ° C. When performing adsorption reactions at 20 ° C, a short time of about 5 hours is preferable. There was found.
[0029]
From Tables 5 and 6, the recovery rate (adsorption rate) of the main substance trans-resveratrol in the stilbene compound contained in red wine is 43-60%, and it is selectively adsorbed on yeast. , You can see that it has been recovered. In addition, it was found that quercetin, the main substance in flavonol compounds, was almost completely adsorbed on the cells and eluted with ethanol. From Tables 5 and 6, it was found that when the adsorption reaction time was 5 ° C., there was almost no difference between 5 hours and 20 hours, and the contact time of 5 hours was already sufficient. At 20 ℃, the adsorption amount tended to be slightly higher for 5 hours than for 20 hours. The amount of adsorption is higher at 5 ° C than at 20 ° C. When yeast is added to red wine and stilbene and flavonol compounds are adsorbed, it is preferable to react at a low temperature around 5 ° C, and the reaction time is 5 to 20 hours. It turned out to be almost the same. The total phenol content of dry yeast in contact with wine at 5 ° C for 5 hours was 1.4%, and the total phenol content of dry yeast in contact with wine at 20 ° C for 5 hours was 1.3%.
[0030]
Example 3
In order to extract stilbene and flavonol compounds from red wine yeast, we investigated the ethanol concentration of ethanol water used for extraction. Weigh the dried red wine yeast obtained in Example 1 to 0.3 g, add 0-99.5% ethanol water to make a total volume of 30 mL, stir with a stirrer at 20 ° C. for 20 hours, and centrifuge in a centrifuge. The supernatant was obtained, and after 0.45 μm membrane filtration, the extraction amounts of stilbene compound and flavonol compound were measured under the same HPLC conditions as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0031]
Since the extraction amount in Table 7 was determined as a 1% bacterial cell solution, it was shown in terms of 1 kg bacterial cell. From Table 7, the extraction efficiency was 60% (v / v), indicating the maximum extraction efficiency. 80% ethanol water showed a high extraction rate, but 99.5% ethanol was not extracted at all. From Table 7, it was found that 40-80% ethanol water can be suitably used as the ethanol water extracted from the cells.
[0032]
[Table 7]
Example 4
In order to obtain an extract of stilbene and flavonol compounds by directly adding ethanol to the centrifuged cells obtained at the end of red wine fermentation, 95.5% alcohol was added to 300 mL of the wet cells obtained in Example 1. A practical amount of extraction conditions were examined. After the addition of alcohol, the mixture was stirred overnight at 20 ° C., centrifuged, and the supernatant was analyzed by HPLC to examine the concentration of stilbene and flavonol compounds in the resulting extract. The results are shown in Table 8.
[0033]
[Table 8]
[0034]
From Table 8, in order to obtain an extract of stilbene and flavonol compounds by adding ethanol to wet cells obtained after fermentation, the most concentrated extract was obtained when the alcohol concentration was 41%. The total concentration of stilbene and flavonol compounds was 7.7 times the wine concentration. However, the ethanol concentration was 59.1% in the total amount of the total extracted stilbene compound and flavonol compound, and the result of Example 3 was reproduced. As described above, it was shown that a solution with a high concentration of stilbene compounds and flavonol compounds can be easily obtained by adding ethanol to the cells obtained in the wine production process after fermentation of red wine. In order to obtain a higher concentration solution, a high concentration solution can be prepared by a concentration step such as vacuum concentration.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention makes it possible to easily and selectively extract stilbene compounds and flavonol compounds from grape juice and wine, which have high antioxidant properties, anticancer properties, high arteriosclerosis-preventing effects, and high thrombosis-preventing effects. It has been shown that stilbene compounds and flavonol compounds can be efficiently recovered from the cells after fermentation of red wine, which has been discarded as waste. The resulting yeast cells can be used as health supplements, and the extract is expected to be widely applied to various alcoholic beverages and cosmetics.
Claims (4)
(a)果汁および/またはワインに酵母を接触させ、スティルベン化合物を酵母に吸着させる工程、
(b)スティルベン化合物を吸着させた酵母を菌体分離操作により、果汁および/またはワインから分離する工程、
および
(c)分離した酵母に、エタノール濃度が20〜80%(v/v)のエタノール水を接触させ、スティルベン化合物を抽出する工程、
を含む方法。A method for recovering a stilbene compound from fruit juice and / or wine, comprising:
(a) contacting yeast with fruit juice and / or wine and adsorbing a stilbene compound to the yeast;
(b) a step of separating yeast adsorbed with a stilbene compound from fruit juice and / or wine by cell separation operation,
and
(c) contacting the separated yeast with ethanol water having an ethanol concentration of 20 to 80% (v / v) to extract a stilbene compound;
Including methods.
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