JP4243950B2 - Glutathione-rich yeast and food or medicine obtained by culturing the yeast, or cosmetic material - Google Patents

Glutathione-rich yeast and food or medicine obtained by culturing the yeast, or cosmetic material Download PDF

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JP4243950B2
JP4243950B2 JP2002347706A JP2002347706A JP4243950B2 JP 4243950 B2 JP4243950 B2 JP 4243950B2 JP 2002347706 A JP2002347706 A JP 2002347706A JP 2002347706 A JP2002347706 A JP 2002347706A JP 4243950 B2 JP4243950 B2 JP 4243950B2
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yeast
glutathione
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medium
weight
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JP2004180509A (en
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敏夫 速水
甲三 大宅
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Kaneka Corp
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Kaneka Corp
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  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
食品又は医薬品又は化粧品として有用なグルタチオン、グルタチオン高含有酵母エキス、グルタチオン高含有酵母菌体を生産するのに有用な菌株の取得に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
グルタチオンは、システイン、グルタミン酸、グリシンの3つのアミノ酸から成るペプチドで、人体だけでなく、他の動物や植物、微生物など多くの生体内に存在し、活性酸素の消去作用、解毒作用、アミノ酸代謝など、生体にとって重要な化合物である。これまでグルタチオンは医薬品用に主に有機合成法で生産されているが、食品用として酵母の培養により生産する方法も行なわれてきた。含量を増加させる試みとしてこれまで、培地中に原料となるシステイン、グルタミン酸、グリシンを添加して培養する方法(特許文献1、2、3、4)や、亜鉛を添加することでグルタチオンを高含有させる方法(特許文献5)などの工夫が報告されている。しかし、培地中に添加するシステインが高価であったり、また亜鉛等の添加も安全性の観点からすると必ずしも好ましい方法とは言えない。一方、菌そのものを改良して高含量蓄積可能な菌株に作り上げる報告もある。例えば、突然変異処理により、キャンディダ属酵母からエチオニンおよび亜硫酸塩を含む培地に生育可能な株を選択する方法(特許文献6、7,8)、グルタチオン合成に関与する酵素を遺伝子組替えにより酵母菌体導入する方法(特許文献9,10、11、12)、突然変異処理により、サッカロミセス属酵母から亜鉛耐性株を選択する方法(特許文献13)、遺伝子導入によりγ−グルタミルシステイン合成遺伝子を導入したサッカロミセス属酵母から突然変異処理により、アザセリン耐性株を選択する方法(特許文献14)、過酸化物耐性を付与する遺伝子を導入し、過酸化物耐性にしたサッカロミセス属酵母を得る方法(特許文献15)などである。同じ酵母でも、ビール、日本酒、ワインなどの醸造やパンの製造に古くから使用されてきたサッカロミセスセレビシエに属する菌株とそれ以外のキャンディダ属酵母などでは食経験の違いに基づく消費者の安全性のイメージが大きく違うため、上記のキャンディダ属酵母を利用した報告もこの点で問題が残る。また食品製造に関しては、遺伝子組替え技術を用いることは一般的に未だ一般国民からの根強い反発があり、その技術の利用は極めて限られた範囲でしか行なわれていないのが現状である。従って上記報告のうち、遺伝子組み替え(導入)法を使用した方法は食品製造の分野では使用が困難である。また上記の中で遺伝子導入していないサッカロミセス属酵母を使用した報告(特許文献16)はあるが、乾燥菌体当り3%程度しか含有せず、含量的にまだまだ不充分であった。
【0003】
以上のように、サッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する菌株から遺伝子組み替え手法を用いずにグルタチオンを乾燥菌体当り5%以上生産できる菌株はこれまで存在しなかった。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開昭47−16990号公報
【0005】
【特許文献2】
特開昭48−92579号公報
【0006】
【特許文献3】
特開昭51−139686号公報
【0007】
【特許文献4】
特開昭53−94089号公報
【0008】
【特許文献5】
特開2000−279164号公報
【0009】
【特許文献6】
特開昭59−151894号公報
【0010】
【特許文献7】
特開平03−18872号公報
【0011】
【特許文献8】
特開平10−191963号公報
【0012】
【特許文献9】
特開昭61−52299号公報
【0013】
【特許文献10】
特開昭62−275685号公報
【0014】
【特許文献11】
特開昭63−129985号公報
【0015】
【特許文献12】
特開平4−179484号公報
【0016】
【特許文献13】
特開平02−295480号公報
【0017】
【特許文献14】
特開平6−70752号公報
【0018】
【特許文献15】
特開平8−70884号公報
【0019】
【特許文献16】
特開平02−295480号公報
【0020】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
食経験が豊富なサッカロミセスセレビシエに属し、遺伝子組換え手法を用いることなく、グルタチオンを今までにない高力価(乾燥菌体当り5重量%以上の含量)で生産可能とした酵母菌株を得て、該菌株を培養することにより、安全イメージの高い食品、医薬品、化粧品を安価に供給する。
【0021】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、サッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する菌株を親株とし、遺伝子操作技術を用いずに、安全なグルタチオン高含有酵母菌体が取得可能であると考え、鋭意研究した結果、遺伝子組換体でない酵母でも乾燥菌体当り5重量%以上のグルタチオンを含む酵母菌体が得られ、食品、医薬品、化粧品用として安全で有利な素材が製造可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0022】
即ち、本発明の第1は、サッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する菌株を親株とし、遺伝子操作技術を用いずに得た、グルタチオンを乾燥菌体当り5重量%以上含有する遺伝子組換体でない酵母に関する。好ましい実施態様としては、上記酵母菌株がFERM P−19072、P−19073、P−19074(これら3つの菌株は、2002年10月18日に独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター(日本国茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番地中央第6)に寄託されている)からなる群から選出された一種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする上記に記載の酵母に関する。本発明の第2は、サッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する菌株を親株とし、糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)で30℃、24時間培養した時にグルタチオンを乾燥菌体当り5重量%以上となる、遺伝子操作技術を用いずに得た酵母に関する。本発明の第3は、上記記載の酵母を含んでなる食品に関する。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明につき、さらに詳細に説明する。本発明者らはすでに醸造業や製パン業などで使用されて食経験が豊富で安全性が実証されているサッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する菌株を親株とし、遺伝子操作技術を用いずに、グルタチオン高生産菌株をスクリーニングしようと試みた。スクリーニングの方法は特に限定しないが、目的の菌株を得るための効率アップの手段としては、スクリーニングには出来るだけ簡便で精度が良い方法を採用することと、時間をかけても目的の菌株が見つからない場合は必要に応じて突然変異の操作を加えることが重要である。
【0024】
即ち、親株をそのまま、又はUV、エチルメタンスルフォン酸、ニトロソグアニジン、或いはその他放射線等通常変異操作に使われる変異誘発剤による変異操作を行った後、滅菌水等の希釈液で希釈して寒天プレート(例えばYPD;イーストエキス1%、ポリペプトン2%、グルコース2%、寒天2%)に塗布するか液体培地で希釈培養するなどして単一細胞より増殖した菌株集団(コロニー)を多数集め、その培養菌体の抽出液中のグルタチオン濃度を測定し、高力価を示す菌株を選別し、その株を親株としてそこからさらに同様の操作を繰り返して乾燥菌体当たり5重量%以上という高い力価を示す健康食品用のグルタチオン生産菌を得た。ここで、希釈液は特に限定はないが、滅菌水、滅菌生理食塩水や滅菌YPD培地などが例示でき、その他希釈用に使用可能な液体であれば何でも使用できる。
【0025】
上記スクリーニングにおいて、簡便性と精度を満足させるという観点から鋭意検討した結果、培養、菌体量測定、グルタチオンの抽出と測定を次のような小スケールで簡便な方法に従い行った。すなわち、培養は試験管培養で行い、菌体量は乾燥重量を測定する代わりに培養液の一部を一定量取り出し(0.1ml程度で良い)、一定量の水で希釈して吸光度(OD660値など)を測定し、予め求めておいた吸光度と菌体乾燥重量との関係(予備実験でいろいろな培養段階で測定したOD660値と、その培養液を一定量取って遠心分離で集菌し、それから水洗浄し、105℃で5時間以上加熱して求めた乾燥重量との関係を最小二乗法により求めた式)より菌体量(乾燥重量)を計算する。グルタチオンの抽出は、OD660値測定のために採取した残りの培養ブロス中の菌体を充分に水洗後、40%エタノール水溶液で縣濁し、30℃で、1時間保温する。抽出液(遠心分離で菌体を沈殿した上清液)中の、グルタチオン含量をアロキサン法で測定した。ここでいうアロキサン法とは、0.5Mリン酸バッファー(pH7.5)を0.4ml、サンプル(エタノール抽出液)を40μl、M/30アロキサン水溶液を1.2ml加えて攪拌し、30℃で6分間反応させた後、1NのNaOHを1ml加えて攪拌して反応を終了させ、305nmの吸光度を測定するというものである。念のため、アロキサン水溶液の代わりに水1.2mlを加えたものでバックグラウンドを測定しておく。グルタチオン標準液としてはグルタチオン標品を40%エタノールに0〜1g/mlの間で200μg/ml毎に6段階程度希釈したものを用いる。
【0026】
ある程度スクリーニングが進んだ段階で選択株の力価を再確認する段階では、試験管培養した液をさらに500ml容量の坂口フラスコに移し、50mlの糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)において30℃で24時間培養し、菌体を集め、水で洗浄し、一部をとり、上と同様に抽出、グルタチオンを測定し、残りの菌体を105℃で4時間以上乾燥させ、乾燥菌体重量を測定すると良い。
【0027】
グルタチオンの測定方法としてはここではアロキサン法を用いた例を示すが、精度と操作性に問題がなければ酵素法、ヨード滴定法、液体クロマトグラフ法等その他の方法も使用可能である。
【0028】
上記のようにして得た本発明の酵母は、その菌株を培養することにより、安全イメージの高い食品、医薬品、化粧品として用いることができる。食品の例としては、該酵母やその菌体抽出エキスを含有した飲料水、錠剤、顆粒、粉末、カプセル状の健康食品、調味料、タレやソース類、マーガリンや味噌その他のペースト状食品、かまぼこなどの練り製品、寒天やゼリーを含む菓子又は栄養補給用の半固形食品、ビスケット、チョコレート、ガム類、製パン用イースト又は添加剤等が挙げられる。医薬品の例としては、肝機能改善薬、解毒剤、抗アレルギー薬、皮膚用軟膏、白内障や角膜炎、角膜損傷などの眼科用薬、等が挙げられる。化粧品の例としては、該酵母の菌体抽出エキスを含有した美白用、又は日焼けや炎症後の色素沈着防止用の化粧水、乳液、クリーム等が挙げられる。これらの用途には、該酵母を生菌で使用しても良いし,滅菌及び酵素処理菌体、または菌体抽出エキスとしても良い。さらに応用としては動物や魚貝類用飼料等も考えられる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例にて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0030】
(比較例1)
パン酵母(商品名:カネカイーストレッド、鐘淵化学工業(株)製)を糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)に植菌して30℃、24時間培養した。培養後の菌体量はOD660値で測定し、予め用意しておいたOD660値と乾燥菌体量との関係式から乾燥菌体量を計算したところ、グルタチオン含量は乾燥菌体当たり0.81重量%であった(表1)。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 0004243950
【0032】
(実施例1)
パン酵母(商品名:カネカイーストレッド、鐘淵化学工業(株)製)を保存スラントからYPD液体培地(培地1L当たりイーストエキス10g、ポリペプトン20g、グルコース20g)5ml入り試験管に1白金耳植菌し、30℃で24時間振とう培養後の培養液の一部を滅菌した生理食塩水で希釈し、UV照射(死滅率99%以上)した。それをYPDプレートに塗布し、30℃、3日間培養後出現してくるコロニーを保存用プレートに移して保存するとともに糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)5ml入り試験管に植菌して30℃、24時間培養した。培養後の菌体量はOD660値で測定し、予め用意しておいたOD660値と乾燥菌体量との関係式から乾燥菌体量を計算した。グルタチオン含量は培養ブロスを水で洗浄後、遠心ペレットを40%エタノール液で30℃、1時間抽出し、アロキサン法で測定した。増殖及びグルタチオン含量において優れた菌株を選別し、それを新たな親株として、そのまま、又はUV照射した後、同様な操作を繰り返した。こうしてスクリーニングを繰り返した結果、FERM P−19072株を見出した。それを糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)に植菌して30℃、24時間培養した。培養後に乾燥(105℃、5時間)菌体当りのグルタチオン含量を測定したところ、グルタチオン含量は乾燥菌体当たり7.38重量%であった(表1)。
【0033】
(実施例2)
実施例1においてスクリーニングを繰り返した結果、FERM P−19073を見出し、それを糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)に植菌して30℃、24時間培養した。培養後の菌体量はOD660値で測定し、予め用意しておいたOD660値と乾燥菌体量との関係式から乾燥菌体量を計算したところ、グルタチオン含量は乾燥菌体当たり6.63重量%であった(表1)。
【0034】
(実施例3)
実施例1においてスクリーニングを繰り返した結果、FERM P−19074を見出し、それを糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)に植菌して30℃、24時間培養した。培養後の菌体量はOD660値で測定し、予め用意しておいたOD660値と乾燥菌体量との関係式から乾燥菌体量を計算したところ、グルタチオン含量は乾燥菌体当たり7.25重量%であった(表1)。
【0035】
(実施例4)
スクリーニング株を糖蜜培地でのジャー培養を行った結果を以下に示す。FERM P−19072株を糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)で6本培養したものを種母とし、5L容ミニジャーファーメンターに、糖蜜36g(糖換算)、尿素2.4g、リン酸2.4gを含む培地1.7Lを加えて殺菌し、種母の全量を加えて2Lとした後、糖蜜270g(糖換算)を流加方式で加えながら、温度30〜35℃、pH5〜5.5(安水でコントロール)、撹拌速度600rpm、通気量2L/分で14時間培養を行った。得られた培養液を遠心分離、水洗後、ヌッチェろ過して酵母菌体を得た。得られた菌体は266.4g(湿重量)、グルタチオン力価は105℃で5時間乾燥した菌体当り6.61重量%であった。
【0036】
(実施例5)
グルコースを炭素源とした培地を用いてスクリーニング株をジャー培養した結果を示す。FERM P−19072株を表2に示すグルコース培地50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)10本で20時間培養したものを種母とし、グルコース培地3Lの入った5Lジャー2台にそれぞれ坂口フラスコ5本分の種母を加え、温度31〜35℃、pH下限5.0(安水でコントロール)、通気量2L/分、攪拌600rpmで24時間培養した。得られた菌体は乾燥重量にして49.3g、グルタチオン含量は乾燥菌体当たり5.07重量%であった。
【0037】
実施例1、実施例4、実施例5を比較する事で、同じ菌株を培養した時でも培地が異なれば、乾燥菌体当たりのグルタチオン含量が変わる事がわかる。
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004243950
【0039】
(実施例6)
実施例4で得た菌体を凍結乾燥機(東京理科機械FD−1)で凍結乾燥し、得られた乾燥菌体をミルにかけ、均一粉末を得た。この粉末を打錠機(畑鉄工所HU−T)にかけ、直径8mm、重量200mgの錠剤を作製した。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
食経験の豊富な安全な酵母菌株由来で遺伝子組替え操作を用いることなく作成され、菌体中に少なくとも5重量%のグルタチオンを含有する本菌株を培養することにより、グルタチオンリッチで安全な食品、又は医薬品又は化粧品が供給可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the acquisition of strains useful for producing glutathione, glutathione-rich yeast extract, and glutathione-rich yeast cells that are useful as foods, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Glutathione is a peptide composed of three amino acids, cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine. It exists not only in the human body but also in other living organisms such as other animals, plants, and microorganisms. It eliminates active oxygen, detoxifies, amino acid metabolism, etc. It is an important compound for the living body. Until now, glutathione has been mainly produced by organic synthesis for pharmaceuticals, but has also been produced by culturing yeast for food. As an attempt to increase the content, so far, cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine as raw materials are added to the medium and cultured (Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, and 4), and glutathione is highly contained by adding zinc. Devices such as a method of making it (Patent Document 5) have been reported. However, cysteine added to the medium is expensive, and addition of zinc or the like is not necessarily a preferable method from the viewpoint of safety. On the other hand, there is also a report of improving the fungus itself into a strain capable of accumulating a high content. For example, a method of selecting strains capable of growing in a medium containing ethionine and sulfite from yeasts of the genus Candida by mutation treatment (Patent Documents 6, 7, and 8), and an enzyme involved in glutathione synthesis by genetic recombination A method for introducing a body (Patent Documents 9, 10, 11, 12), a method for selecting a zinc-resistant strain from Saccharomyces yeast by mutation treatment (Patent Document 13), and a γ-glutamylcysteine synthesis gene introduced by gene transfer A method for selecting an azaserine resistant strain by mutation treatment from Saccharomyces yeast (Patent Document 14), and a method for obtaining a Saccharomyces yeast made peroxide resistant by introducing a gene that imparts peroxide resistance (Patent Document 15) ) Etc. Even with the same yeast, strains belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which have long been used for brewing beer, sake, wine, etc. Since the image differs greatly, the above report using the Candida yeast still has problems in this respect. As for food production, the use of genetic recombination techniques is still generally repelled by the general public, and the use of such techniques is currently being carried out only to a limited extent. Therefore, among the above reports, the method using the gene recombination (introduction) method is difficult to use in the field of food production. In addition, although there is a report (Patent Document 16) using Saccharomyces genus yeast in which no gene is introduced in the above, it contains only about 3% per dry cell, and the content is still insufficient.
[0003]
As described above, there has been no strain that can produce glutathione at 5% or more per dry cell from a strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae without using a gene recombination technique.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 47-16990
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-48-92579 [0006]
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-139686 [0007]
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-53-94089
[Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-279164
[Patent Document 6]
JP 59-151894 A [0010]
[Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-18872
[Patent Document 8]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-191963
[Patent Document 9]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-52299 [0013]
[Patent Document 10]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-275658
[Patent Document 11]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-129985
[Patent Document 12]
JP-A-4-179484 [0016]
[Patent Document 13]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-295480 [0017]
[Patent Document 14]
JP-A-6-70752
[Patent Document 15]
JP-A-8-70884
[Patent Document 16]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-295480 [0020]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Obtaining a yeast strain that belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae with abundant dietary experience and that can produce glutathione at an unprecedented high titer (content of 5% by weight or more per dry cell) without using genetic recombination techniques By culturing the strain, foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics with a high safety image are supplied at low cost.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of earnest research, the present inventors considered that a yeast strain containing high glutathione can be obtained without using a genetic manipulation technique as a parent strain of a strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, a yeast cell containing 5% by weight or more of glutathione per dry cell was obtained, and it was found that a safe and advantageous material could be produced for foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and the present invention was completed.
[0022]
That is, the first of the present invention relates to a non-genetically modified yeast containing 5% by weight or more of glutathione per dry cell, obtained by using a strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a parent strain and using no genetic manipulation technique. In a preferred embodiment, the yeast strain is FERM P-19072, P-19073, or P-19074 (these three strains were incorporated on October 18, 2002 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) The yeast according to the above, wherein the yeast is one or more selected from the group consisting of 6) deposited at No. 1 Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture. In the second aspect of the present invention, a strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a parent strain, and a molasses medium (40 g sugar, 3 g urea, 0.8 g ammonium sulfate, 0.4 g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate per 1 L medium), 50 ml Sakaguchi flask (500 ml) The present invention relates to a yeast obtained without using genetic manipulation technology, wherein glutathione is 5% by weight or more per dry cell when cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours at a volume. 3rd of this invention is related with the foodstuff containing the said yeast.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The inventors of the present invention have used a strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has already been used in brewing and bakery industries, etc. and has proven food safety and proven safety, as a parent strain, and produces high glutathione without using genetic manipulation techniques. An attempt was made to screen for strains. Although the screening method is not particularly limited, as a means of increasing the efficiency for obtaining the target strain, a method that is as simple and accurate as possible for screening is adopted, and the target strain can be found over time. If not, it is important to add mutations as needed.
[0024]
That is, the parent strain is used as it is or after performing a mutation operation using a mutagen such as UV, ethyl methanesulfonic acid, nitrosoguanidine, or other radiation that is usually used for mutation, and then diluting with a diluent such as sterilized water. (For example, YPD; yeast extract 1%, polypeptone 2%, glucose 2%, agar 2%) Glutathione concentration in the extract of cultured cells is measured, a strain showing a high titer is selected, the same operation is repeated from that strain as a parent strain, and a high titer of 5% by weight or more per dry cell A glutathione-producing bacterium for health food was obtained. Here, the diluting solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sterilized water, sterilized physiological saline, and sterilized YPD medium, and any other liquid that can be used for dilution can be used.
[0025]
In the above screening, as a result of intensive studies from the viewpoint of satisfying convenience and accuracy, culture, measurement of the amount of bacterial cells, and extraction and measurement of glutathione were performed according to a simple method described below on a small scale. That is, the culture is carried out in a test tube culture, and instead of measuring the dry weight, a certain amount of the culture solution is taken out (may be about 0.1 ml), diluted with a certain amount of water, and the absorbance (OD660). Values), and the relationship between the absorbance determined beforehand and the dry weight of the cells (OD660 values measured at various culture stages in preliminary experiments and a certain amount of the culture solution, and collected by centrifugation. Then, after washing with water and heating at 105 ° C. for 5 hours or longer, the amount of cells (dry weight) is calculated from the formula obtained by the least square method. In the extraction of glutathione, the cells in the remaining culture broth collected for OD660 value measurement are washed thoroughly with water, suspended in a 40% aqueous ethanol solution, and kept at 30 ° C. for 1 hour. The glutathione content in the extract (the supernatant liquid in which the cells were precipitated by centrifugation) was measured by the alloxan method. The alloxan method referred to here is 0.4 ml of 0.5 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 40 μl of sample (ethanol extract), 1.2 ml of M / 30 alloxan aqueous solution, and stirred at 30 ° C. After reacting for 6 minutes, 1 ml of 1N NaOH is added and stirred to terminate the reaction, and the absorbance at 305 nm is measured. As a precaution, the background is measured with 1.2 ml of water added instead of the alloxan aqueous solution. As a glutathione standard solution, a glutathione sample diluted with 40% ethanol between 0-1 g / ml every 200 μg / ml for about 6 steps is used.
[0026]
In the stage where the titer of the selected strain is reconfirmed after the screening has progressed to some extent, the liquid cultured in the test tube is further transferred to a 500 ml Sakaguchi flask and 50 ml of molasses medium (40 g sugar, 3 g urea, ammonium sulfate per liter of medium). 0.8 g, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.4 g) at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, collect the cells, wash with water, take a portion, extract as above, measure glutathione, It is good to dry a microbial cell for 4 hours or more at 105 degreeC, and to measure a dry microbial cell weight.
[0027]
As an example of the glutathione measurement method, an alloxan method is used here, but other methods such as an enzyme method, an iodometric titration method, and a liquid chromatography method can be used if there is no problem in accuracy and operability.
[0028]
The yeast of the present invention obtained as described above can be used as foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics with a high safety image by culturing the strain. Examples of foods include drinking water, tablets, granules, powders, capsule-shaped health foods, seasonings, sauces and sauces, margarine, miso and other pasty foods, kamaboko containing the yeast and its cell extract. Kneaded products such as confectionery, agar or jelly-containing semi-solid foods, biscuits, chocolates, gums, bread yeast or additives. Examples of pharmaceuticals include liver function improving drugs, antidote, antiallergic drugs, skin ointments, ophthalmic drugs such as cataracts, keratitis, and corneal damage. Examples of cosmetics include skin lotions, emulsions and creams for whitening containing the yeast cell extract or preventing pigmentation after sunburn and inflammation. For these uses, the yeast may be used as a living bacterium, or may be used as a sterilized and enzyme-treated microbial cell or a microbial cell extract. Furthermore, animal and fish shell feed can be considered as an application.
[0029]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0030]
(Comparative Example 1)
Baker's yeast (trade name: Kaneka East Red, manufactured by Kaneka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is molasses medium (40 g, 1 g of urea, 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogenphosphate 0 per mol of medium, molasses as sugar per 1 L of medium) 4 g) Inoculated into a 50 ml Sakaguchi flask (500 ml capacity) and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. The amount of bacterial cells after the culture was measured at an OD660 value, and the dry cell amount was calculated from the relational expression between the OD660 value prepared in advance and the dry cell amount. The glutathione content was 0.81 per dry cell. % By weight (Table 1).
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004243950
[0032]
Example 1
Baker's yeast (trade name: Kaneka East Red, manufactured by Kaneka Chemical Co., Ltd.) is stored in a test tube containing 5 ml of YPD liquid medium (10 g yeast extract, 20 g polypeptone, 20 g glucose) per 1 liter of medium. Then, a part of the culture solution after shaking culture at 30 ° C. for 24 hours was diluted with sterilized physiological saline and irradiated with UV (death rate of 99% or more). It is applied to a YPD plate, and colonies appearing after culturing at 30 ° C. for 3 days are transferred to a storage plate and stored, and at the same time, molasses medium (40 g in terms of weight, molasses as sugar per liter of medium, 3 g of urea, ammonium sulfate) 0.8 g, 0.4 g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate) was inoculated into a 5 ml test tube and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. The amount of cells after the cultivation was measured by OD660 value, and the amount of dry cells was calculated from the relational expression between the OD660 value prepared beforehand and the amount of dry cells. The glutathione content was measured by alloxan method after washing the culture broth with water and extracting the centrifuged pellet with 40% ethanol solution at 30 ° C. for 1 hour. A strain excellent in growth and glutathione content was selected, and the same operation was repeated as it was or after UV irradiation as a new parent strain. As a result of repeating the screening in this manner, the FERM P-19072 strain was found. Inoculate it into a 50 ml Sakaguchi flask (500 ml capacity) at 30 ° C. with a molasses medium (40 g in terms of weight per mol of medium, molasses as sugar, 3 g urea, 0.8 g ammonium sulfate, 0.4 g ammonium diphosphate) And cultured for 24 hours. When the glutathione content per dried (105 ° C., 5 hours) cells after culture was measured, the glutathione content was 7.38% by weight per dried cells (Table 1).
[0033]
(Example 2)
As a result of repeating the screening in Example 1, FERM P-19073 was found, and it was found to be molasses medium (40 g in terms of weight per mol of medium, molasses as sugar, 3 g of urea, 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate, 2 ammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0. 4 g) A 50 ml Sakaguchi flask (500 ml capacity) was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. The amount of cells after culture was measured at an OD660 value, and when the amount of dry cells was calculated from a relational expression between the OD660 value prepared beforehand and the amount of dry cells, the glutathione content was 6.63 per dry cell. % By weight (Table 1).
[0034]
(Example 3)
As a result of repeating the screening in Example 1, FERM P-19074 was found, and it was found to be a molasses medium (40 g in terms of weight per mol of medium, molasses as sugar, 3 g of urea, 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate, 2 ammonium hydrogen phosphate,. 4 g) A 50 ml Sakaguchi flask (500 ml capacity) was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. The amount of bacterial cells after the culture was measured at an OD660 value, and the dry cell amount was calculated from the relational expression between the OD660 value and the dry cell amount prepared in advance. The glutathione content was 7.25 per dry cell. % By weight (Table 1).
[0035]
(Example 4)
The results of jar culture of the screening strain in molasses medium are shown below. Six FERM P-19072 strains in a molasses medium (40 g in terms of weight per mol of medium, molasses as sugar, 3 g of urea, 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.4 g of hydrogen ammonium phosphate) in 50 ml Sakaguchi flask (500 ml capacity) The cultured seeds are used as seed mothers, sterilized by adding 1.7 L of a medium containing 36 g of molasses (sugar equivalent), 2.4 g of urea and 2.4 g of phosphoric acid to a 5 L mini jar fermenter. After adding 2 L, molasses 270 g (converted to sugar) was added in a fed-batch system, while the temperature was 30 to 35 ° C., pH 5 to 5.5 (controlled with water), stirring speed 600 rpm, aeration rate 2 L / min. Time culture was performed. The obtained culture solution was centrifuged, washed with water, and filtered by Nutsche to obtain yeast cells. The obtained cells were 266.4 g (wet weight), and the glutathione titer was 6.61% by weight per cell dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours.
[0036]
(Example 5)
The result of carrying out the jar culture of the screening strain | stump | stock using the culture medium which used glucose as the carbon source is shown. The FERM P-19072 strain was cultured for 20 hours in 10 Sakaguchi flasks (500 ml capacity) containing 50 ml of the glucose medium shown in Table 2 for 20 hours. Each of the 5 S jars containing 3 L of glucose medium was used for 5 Sakaguchi flasks. Was added, and the culture was continued for 24 hours at a temperature of 31 to 35 ° C., a pH lower limit of 5.0 (controlled with aqueous water), an aeration rate of 2 L / min, and stirring at 600 rpm. The obtained cells were 49.3 g in terms of dry weight, and the glutathione content was 5.07% by weight per dry cell.
[0037]
By comparing Example 1, Example 4, and Example 5, it can be seen that even when the same strain is cultured, the glutathione content per dry cell changes if the medium is different.
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004243950
[0039]
(Example 6)
The bacterial cells obtained in Example 4 were freeze-dried with a freeze dryer (Tokyo Science Machine FD-1), and the obtained dried bacterial cells were milled to obtain a uniform powder. This powder was applied to a tableting machine (Hata-Tetsuko HU-T) to produce a tablet having a diameter of 8 mm and a weight of 200 mg.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
Glutathione-rich and safe food by culturing this strain derived from a safe yeast strain rich in food experience without using genetic recombination and containing at least 5% by weight of glutathione in the bacterial cell, or Drugs or cosmetics can be supplied.

Claims (3)

サッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する菌株を親株とし、糖蜜培地(培地1L当たり、糖蜜を糖として重量換算で40g、尿素3g、硫酸アンモニウム0.8g、リン酸水素2アンモニウム0.4g)50ml入り坂口フラスコ(500ml容量)で30℃、24時間培養した時にグルタチオンを乾燥菌体当り6.61重量%以上となる、遺伝子操作技術を用いずに得た酵母。A strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a parent strain, and a molasses medium (40 g by weight of molasses as sugar per liter of medium, 3 g of urea, 0.8 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.4 g of hydrogen ammonium phosphate), Sakaguchi flask (500 ml capacity) ), Which is obtained without using genetic engineering techniques, wherein glutathione is 6.61 % by weight or more per dry cell when cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. 親株がFERM P−19072、P−19073、P−19074からなる群から選出された一種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の酵母。The yeast according to claim 1 , wherein the parent strain is one or more selected from the group consisting of FERM P-19072, P-19073, and P-19074. 請求項1又は2に記載された酵母を含有する食品、又は医薬品、又は化粧品。A food, medicine or cosmetic containing the yeast according to claim 1 or 2 .
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