JP4226968B2 - Removal tool - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a tool used when performing removal processing on a workpiece, and includes a cutting edge, a blade portion for removing the workpiece, and a main body to which the blade portion is fixed. The present invention relates to a removal processing tool.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Cutting and grinding are examples of processing methods for removing a workpiece (work) and finishing it into a predetermined shape. These cutting and grinding are performed by appropriately holding a tool and a workpiece. By giving a relative motion between the workpiece and the workpiece, the workpiece is scraped off into a predetermined shape.
[0003]
This tool is generally composed of a blade portion having a cutting blade that substantially cuts off a workpiece and a main body to which the blade portion is fixed. The cutting tool has a structure in which a chip (blade part) made of super hard metal is brazed to the main body, such as a bite or a mill, or a throw-away chip (blade part) formed from various materials. There is a structure that is fixed to the main body detachably by screwing or the like, and the grinding tool is a grindstone (blade part) in which abrasive grains are hardened with a binder, such as a grindstone with a shaft or a cup-type grindstone. There is a structure that is fixed to the main body by brazing or screwing.
[0004]
By the way, such a tool is one of the important factors that affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece. It is excellent in vibration damping to suppress chatter vibration and the like and excellent in heat dissipation to suppress thermal expansion. In order to enable high-speed rotation, characteristics such as being lightweight are required.
[0005]
Therefore, conventionally, for example, the main body is made of a material having a high Young's modulus such as cemented carbide to increase its rigidity, or a hollow hole is appropriately formed inside the main body, and a vibration absorber is provided in the hollow hole. Attempts have been made to increase vibration damping.
[0006]
However, a tool that satisfies the above-mentioned conditions in a well-balanced manner, that is, a tool that is excellent in vibration damping and heat dissipation and can be reduced in weight has not been developed yet.
[0007]
The inventors of the present invention have made the present invention as a result of repeated research to satisfy the characteristics to be satisfied by the tool at a high level in a comprehensive manner, and the present invention is lightweight. However, an object of the present invention is to provide a removal tool that is excellent in vibration damping and heat dissipation.
[0008]
[Means for solving the problems and effects thereof]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tool including a cutting edge, a cutting edge for removing a workpiece, and a main body to which the cutting edge is fixed.
The main body is a metal obtained by gradually cooling and solidifying a molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved from a predetermined direction, and the amount of dissolved gas atoms decreases as the temperature of the metal decreases. The present invention relates to a removal processing tool characterized in that a large number of voids are formed of a metal that is elongated along the above-described direction due to precipitation of atoms.
[0009]
The tool body according to the present invention gradually cools and solidifies a molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved from a predetermined direction, so that the gas atoms are precipitated in the solidification process and a large number of voids are formed in the direction. It is composed of a metal elongated along the surface, that is, a so-called porous metal.
[0010]
In general, the amount of gas atoms dissolved in the molten metal varies depending on the pressure of the gas, and the gas atoms dissolve in a large amount when the pressure of the gas is high, while only a small amount dissolves when the pressure is low. Based on this property, the porous metal is controlled by cooling and solidifying the molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved under a predetermined pressure, that is, by gradually cooling and solidifying the molten metal from a predetermined direction, A number of voids are elongated along the direction by gas molecules precipitated in the solidification process.
[0011]
Conventionally, the voids irregularly formed in the metal have been regarded as defects that reduce the strength and the like, but as described above, the voids are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of each void is along a predetermined direction. By forming regularly, the crystal structure of the metal is formed along the direction, the gap is formed in the direction of formation, and the weight can be reduced compared to the solid body of the same external dimensions. It is.
[0012]
In addition, since the porous metal has a feature that internal friction is larger than that of the solid due to the gap, vibration can be effectively suppressed, and further, the porous metal can be suppressed via the gap. It has the property that the heat that metal has can be effectively released.
[0013]
There are two types of porous metals, one with voids formed along one direction and the other with radial ones. The former cools molten metal from one side to the opposite side. The latter can be produced by cooling the molten metal from its periphery towards the center.
[0014]
Thus, according to the present invention, the tool body is made of porous metal, so that the weight can be reduced, chatter vibrations and the like can be suppressed by the vibration suppression effect, and the exhaust heat effect. Thus, thermal expansion of the tool during removal processing can be suppressed. And by such each effect | action, while being able to prevent that a machining precision and a tool life fall, efficient machining can be implement | achieved.
[0015]
The metal is preferably made of steel, and the gas atoms preferably contain at least nitrogen atoms. In this way, when the voids are formed, nitrides are formed by reacting aluminum atoms, chromium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum atoms, etc. constituting the steel with nitrogen atoms on the metal surface layer of the voids. The effect that the metal surface layer can be cured by this nitride is obtained. Thus, the nitrided porous metal has a strength equivalent to that of the solid body of the same outer dimension, although the strength in the direction parallel to the void is present, even though there is a void.
[0016]
In addition, tools such as milling cutters, end mills, and grindstones with shafts that are configured to perform removal processing by rotating around the axis of the main body, and tools that are held in a non-rotating state, such as turning tools, are removed. Depending on the type of tool, the gap may be formed in the longitudinal direction of the main body (including the direction of the rotation center axis) or the rotation center axis. It is good to form radially centering on (including the axis set in the main body along the longitudinal direction of the main body).
[0017]
If it does in this way, the rigidity of a tool main part to resistance (cutting resistance or grinding resistance) which acts on a tool at the time of removal processing can be raised.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1A is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view in the direction of arrow AA. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views showing a schematic configuration of the porous metal manufacturing apparatus, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are explanatory diagrams for explaining the internal structure of the porous metal.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1, the tool 1 of this example is a type of cutting tool called a milling cutter, and a tip (blade part) 11 having a cutting edge and the tip 11 are detachably fixed by screwing. The workpiece is cut by rotating about the axis 13 of the main body 12.
[0020]
The main body 12 is a so-called porous metal, that is, a metal obtained by gradually cooling and solidifying a molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved from a predetermined direction. As the temperature of the metal decreases, When the amount of dissolved gas atoms decreases and the gas atoms are precipitated, a large number of voids are formed from a metal that is elongated along the cooling direction.
[0021]
In general, the amount of gas atoms dissolved in the molten metal varies depending on the pressure of the gas, and the gas atoms dissolve in a large amount when the pressure of the gas is high, while only a small amount dissolves when the pressure is low. Based on this property, the porous metal is controlled by cooling and solidifying the molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved under a predetermined pressure, that is, by gradually cooling and solidifying the molten metal from a predetermined direction, A number of voids are elongated along the direction by gas molecules precipitated in the solidification process.
[0022]
Specifically, the porous metal can be manufactured using, for example, a manufacturing apparatus 2 as shown in FIG. 2 or a manufacturing apparatus 3 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, these manufacturing apparatuses 2 and 3 include a heating chamber B and a coagulation chamber C each provided with a closed space, and the coagulation chamber C is disposed below the heating chamber B. Thus, the intake air vacuum and the supply air pressure are equally applied. 2 and 3, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0023]
In the heating chamber B, a crucible 21 having a through hole 21a formed at the bottom center, a heating device 22 for heating the crucible 21, and an upper end projecting upward from the upper surface of the heating chamber B, while a lower end is formed. A closing rod 23 for closing the through hole 21a, and a gas intake pipe 24 and a gas supply pipe 25 provided above the crucible 21 are disposed.
[0024]
The closing rod 23 can be lifted up and down by a lifting device (not shown) as appropriate, and the lower end of the closing rod 23 closes the through hole 21a when it is at its lower limit position. The gas intake pipe 24 is connected to an intake apparatus (not shown), and the gas supply pipe 25 is connected to a gas supply apparatus (not shown).
[0025]
The coagulation chamber C is provided above the casting mold 26 and a cooling device 31 for cooling the casting mold 26, a cooling part 31 as shown in FIG. 2 or a cooling part 35 as shown in FIG. Pressure adjusting tubes 27 and 28 are provided.
[0026]
The cooling unit 31 includes a cooling member 32 disposed in the lower part of the mold 26 and having a hollow inside, and a water supply pipe 33 and a drain pipe 34 respectively connected to the cooling member 32. While the cooling unit 35 is configured to be cooled, the cooling unit 35 is disposed around the mold 26 and has a hollow inside, and a water supply pipe 37 and a drain pipe 38 respectively connected to the cooling member 36. And is configured to cool the periphery of the mold 26.
[0027]
In each of the cooling members 32 and 36, cooling water is supplied from a cooling water circulation device (not shown) of the cooling device 30 via water supply pipes 33 and 37, and the supplied cooling water is drained from a drain pipe. The refrigerant is recirculated to a cooling water circulation device (not shown) through 34 and 38, respectively. The pressure adjusting tubes 27 and 28 are connected to a pressure adjusting device (not shown).
[0028]
An introduction member 29 is disposed on the bottom surface of the heating chamber B and the upper surface of the coagulation chamber C, and the upper opening portion of the introduction member 29 has a through hole in the crucible 21. An introduction hole 29 a is formed which communicates with 21 a and has a lower opening opened above the mold 26.
[0029]
According to the porous metal manufacturing apparatuses 2 and 3 configured in this way, first, solid steel such as carbon tool steel or high-speed tool steel is appropriately carried into the crucible 21 and then heated via the gas intake pipe 24. The gas in the chamber B is sucked by an intake device (not shown), and the heating chamber B is evacuated. Further, the pressure in the coagulation chamber C is adjusted to a predetermined pressure by a pressure adjusting device (not shown) via the pressure adjusting pipes 27 and 28, and the cooling members 32 and 36 are cooled by a cooling water circulation device (not shown). The mold 26 is cooled by cooling water supplied and circulated inside.
[0030]
Next, the solid steel in the crucible 21 is heated to a predetermined temperature by the heating device 22, thereby melting and becoming liquid. Then, a gas containing nitrogen gas is supplied into the heating chamber B through a gas supply pipe 25 by a gas supply device (not shown) so that the pressure in the heating chamber B becomes a predetermined pressure. Gas dissolves in the liquid steel.
[0031]
Next, when the closing rod 23 is raised by an elevating device (not shown), the steel in the crucible 21 flows into the mold 26 through the through hole 21a and the introduction hole 29a, and the introduced steel is cooled. It is cooled and solidified by the device 30.
[0032]
The process of cooling and solidifying the steel flowing into the mold 26 is different between the manufacturing apparatus 2 shown in FIG. 2 and the manufacturing apparatus 3 shown in FIG. In this case, since the cooling unit 31 is configured to cool the bottom surface of the mold 26, the steel is gradually cooled and solidified from the bottom surface side to the upper side of the mold 26, thereby becoming supersaturated. As shown in FIG. 4, the gas is deposited so as to form a large number of voids K along the vertical direction of the mold 26. 4A is a plan view showing the porous metal perpendicular to the solidification direction, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view parallel to the solidification direction.
[0033]
On the other hand, in the case of the manufacturing apparatus 3, since the cooling unit 35 is configured to cool the periphery of the mold 26, the steel is gradually cooled and solidified from the periphery of the mold 26 toward the center. As a result, the supersaturated gas is deposited so as to form a large number of voids K in a radial manner as shown in FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing the porous metal parallel to the solidified radial direction, and FIG. 5B is a side view perpendicular to the solidified radial direction.
[0034]
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the gaps K are formed in various sizes, and some of them are formed so as to communicate with each other.
[0035]
Then, the porous metal manufactured as described above is appropriately processed into a desired shape and used as the main body 12.
[0036]
Conventionally, voids irregularly formed in steel, which is a raw material, have been regarded as defects that reduce strength and the like. However, as described above, by forming each void regularly so that the longitudinal direction of each void is along a predetermined direction, the crystal structure of steel is formed along the direction, and It has strength in the forming direction and can be made lighter than the solid body of the same outer dimensions.
[0037]
In addition, since this porous metal has a feature that internal friction is larger than that of the solid body due to the gap, vibration can be effectively suppressed, and furthermore, the porous metal is interposed via each gap. It has the property that it can effectively release the heat it has.
[0038]
Thus, according to the tool 1 of this example, the main body 12 is made of porous metal, so that the weight can be reduced, and chatter vibrations can be suppressed due to the vibration suppressing effect. The thermal expansion of the tool during removal processing can be suppressed by the exhaust heat effect. And by such each effect | action, while being able to prevent that a machining precision and a tool life fall, efficient machining can be implement | achieved.
[0039]
Moreover, in this example, since the gas containing nitrogen gas is dissolved in the molten steel, when the gap K is formed, aluminum or chromium constituting the steel is formed on the metal surface layer of the gap K part. , Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum atoms and the like react with nitrogen atoms to form nitrides, and the effect of being able to harden the metal surface layer by the nitrides is obtained. Regardless, the strength in the direction parallel to the gap K has the same strength as the solid body of the same outer dimensions.
[0040]
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, the specific aspect which this invention can take is not limited to this at all.
[0041]
In the above example, the tool having a structure in which the chip 11 is detachably fixed to the main body 12 is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is also applied to a tool having a structure in which a cemented carbide chip is fixed to the main body 12 by brazing. Can be applied.
[0042]
Also, the type of tool is not limited to the milling cutter as shown in FIG. 1. For example, the main body 52 of the milling cutter 50 including the main body 52 having the shank 51 and the tip 11 as shown in FIG. 7, in addition to the main body 56 of the end mill 55 composed of the shaft-shaped main body 56 and the chip 11, the prism-shaped main body 61 and the chip 11 are composed as shown in FIG. 8. The main body 61 and the like of the cutting tool 60 may be made of a porous metal.
[0043]
Furthermore, the main body 66 of the grinding tool 65 as shown in FIG. 9 can also be comprised from the said porous metal. The tool 65 is a grinding tool called a grinding wheel, and is configured by attaching a grindstone 67 in which abrasive grains are hardened with a binder to a main body 66 in a detachable manner. The main body 66 includes two flanges 70 and 71 that sandwich the grindstone 67 from both sides via packings 68 and 69, and a fixing bolt 72 that fixes the flanges 70 and 71. The flanges 70 and 71 are the porous metal. Consists of
[0044]
Examples of the tool include those that rotate around predetermined axes 13, 53, 57, and 73, such as the milling cutters 1, 50, the end mill 55, and the grinding wheel 65, and the turning tool 60. Depending on the type, the longitudinal direction of the gap K formed in the main body 12, 52, 57, 66, 61 is made parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rotation center shaft 13, 53, 57, 73 or the main body 61, respectively. The rotation center axes 13, 53, 57, 73 and the axis set in the main body 61 along the longitudinal direction of the main body 61 are preferably radial.
[0045]
In this way, the rigidity of the tool bodies 12, 52, 57, 61, 66 against the resistance (cutting resistance or grinding resistance) acting on the tool during processing can be increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a porous metal manufacturing apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a porous metal manufacturing apparatus.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an internal structure of a porous metal.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an internal structure of a porous metal.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are a plan view and a side view showing a schematic configuration of a tool according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are a plan view and a side view showing a schematic configuration of a tool according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a plan view and a side view showing a schematic configuration of a tool according to another embodiment of the present invention.
9A and 9B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a tool according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Tool (milling)
2 Manufacturing device 3 Manufacturing device 11 Chip 12 Milling body 21 Crucible 22 Heating device 23 Blocking rod 26 Mold 29 Introducing member 30 Cooling devices 31 and 35 Cooling unit B Heating chamber C Solidification chamber K Gap

Claims (3)

In a tool including a cutting edge, a blade portion for removing a workpiece, and a main body to which the blade portion is fixed,
The main body is a metal obtained by gradually cooling and solidifying a molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved from a predetermined direction, and the amount of dissolved gas atoms decreases as the temperature of the metal decreases. A removal processing tool characterized in that a large number of voids are formed of a metal elongated along the longitudinal direction of the main body by depositing atoms. In a tool including a cutting edge, a blade portion for removing a workpiece, and a main body to which the blade portion is fixed,
The main body is a metal obtained by gradually cooling and solidifying a molten metal in which gas atoms are dissolved from a predetermined direction, and the amount of dissolved gas atoms decreases as the temperature of the metal decreases. A removal processing tool characterized in that a large number of voids are formed of a metal elongated radially about an axis appropriately set in the main body by depositing atoms. 2. The metal according to claim 1, wherein the metal is made of steel, and the gas atoms contain at least nitrogen atoms, and when the voids are formed, nitride is generated in the metal surface layer of the voids. The removal tool according to 2.

Images