JP4222111B2 - Steel bar or wire rod excellent in machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Steel bar or wire rod excellent in machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車および家電製品等の電装部品等に使用される珪素含有の棒鋼又は線材(以下、単に棒鋼・線材と記す)およびその製造方法に関し、特にこれら部品の製造過程で要求される被削性および製品段階で要求される低磁場磁気特性の有利な改善を図ったものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車および家電製品等の電装部品等の磁気回路を構成する部材としては、磁界に順応し易い珪素含有鋼材が使用される。というのは、これらの部材には、小さな外部磁場によって容易に磁化し、初期透磁率が高いという磁気特性が要求されるからである。
【0003】
これらの鋼材を製造するに際しては、棒鋼・線材に熱間圧延した後、伸線や鍛造などの冷間加工および切削加工を行い、最終成形完了後に磁気焼鈍等が施されるのが一般的であった。
しかしながら、近年、省エネルギーの観点から、被削性の一層の改善に対する要求が高まりつつある。すなわち、被削性の良好な珪素含有棒鋼・線材の開発が望まれていた。
【0004】
一方、これら部材に要求される磁気応答性を確保するためには、低磁界での磁束密度、例えば磁界:100 A/m 時における磁束密度の高い鋼材が有効である。
【0005】
しかしながら、上記のような被削性と低磁場磁気特性とは、鋼材の化学成分の観点からは相反する特性である。すなわち、鋼の被削性を向上させるためには、Siのような固溶強化元素を低減し、鋼を軟質化させることが有効であるが、Siの低減は磁気特性の観点からは好ましくない。また、MnSのような硫化物や鉛を鋼中に分散させ、切削時における切削抵抗の低下させると共に、切り屑処理性を向上させることが被削性改善にとっては極めて有効であるが、これらの元素は磁気特性を大きく阻害する。また、特に鉛は、環境、人体への悪影響もあり、好ましくない。
【0006】
ところで、最近、磁気特性および被削性の両者を満足するものとして、軟磁気特性に優れた、すなわち磁気特性のうち、磁束密度および最大透磁率が高く、保磁力が低いBN系快削鋼が提案された(例えば特許文献1)。
しかしながら、この特許文献1に開示されたBN系快削鋼では、低磁場での磁束密度を高くすることができず、低磁場磁気特性に劣るところに問題を残していた。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−303209号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したとおり、電装部品として、被削性と低磁場磁気特性の両特性を具備した鋼材は、現在までのところ見当たらず、その開発が望まれていた。
本発明は、上記の問題を有利に解決するもので、製造過程での被削性が高く、かつ製品において優れた低磁場磁気特性を有する珪素含有棒鋼・線材を、その製造方法と共に提案することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
さて、発明者らは、上記の目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、低磁場磁気特性改善のために比較的多量のSiを含有させた場合であっても、鋼中に適量のBNを分散させてやれば、被削性の劣化を効果的に抑制することができ、その結果、被削性と低磁場磁気特性の両特性が併せて得られることの知見を得た。
本発明は、上記の知見に立脚するものである。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は、質量%で
C:0.0034%以下、
Si:0.5〜3.5 %、
Mn:0.1〜0.3 %、
P:0.01〜0.10%、
Al:0.35%以下、
B:0.0030〜0.0100%、
N:0.005〜0.015 %、
S:0.006%以下および
O:0.015%以下
を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、鋼中にBNが分散してなることを特徴とする被削性および低磁場磁気特性に優れた棒鋼・線材である。
また、本発明は、質量%で
C: 0.0034 %以下、
Si : 0.5 〜 3.5 %、
Mn : 0.1 〜 0.3 %、
P: 0.01 〜 0.10 %、
Al : 0.35 %以下、
B: 0.0030 〜 0.0100 %、
N: 0.005 〜 0.015 %、
S: 0.006 %以下および
O: 0.015 %以下
を含有し、残部は Fe および不可避的不純物からなる鋼材を、 1100 ℃以上の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延により棒鋼・線材とすることを特徴とする被削性および低磁場磁気特性に優れた棒鋼・線材の製造方法である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
まず、本発明において鋼の成分組成を上記の範囲に限定した理由について説明する。なお、成分に関する「%」表示は特に断らない限り質量%を意味するものとする。
C:0.0034%以下
Cは、多すぎると磁気特性の劣化を招くため、0.0034%以下で含有させるものとした。
【0012】
Si:0.5 〜3.5 %
Siは、鋼の低磁場域での磁束密度の向上および鉄損の低減に有効な元素であり、そのためには 0.5%以上の含有を必要とするが、一方でSi量が多すぎると固溶強化により鋼の被削性が低下するので、上限は 3.5%とした。
【0013】
Mn:0.1 〜0.3 %
Mnは、Sを固定して熱間加工性を向上させる効果があり、そのためには 0.1%以上の含有を必要とするが、一方で多量の添加は鋼の強度を上昇させ冷間加工性を低下させるので、上限は 0.3%とした。
【0014】
P:0.01〜0.10%
Pは、鋼の低磁場域での磁束密度の向上に有用な元素であり、そのためには少なくとも0.01%の含有を必要とするが、一方でP量が多すぎると固溶強化により鋼の冷間加工性が低下するため、上限は0.10%とした。
【0015】
Al:0.35%以下
Alは、鋼の低磁場域での磁束密度を向上させるのに有効な元素であるが、多量に含有させると固溶強化により鋼の冷間加工性が低下するので、Alは0.35%以下に限定した。
【0016】
B:0.0030〜0.0100%
Bは、棒鋼・線材を製造する熱間加工工程または2次加工である熱間鍛造後の冷却過程で、Nと結合してBNを形成する。このBNは、黒鉛と同様、切削時における工具と鋼材間の潤滑作用を有しており、被削性の向上に有効に寄与する。そのためには、0.0030%以上のBを含有させる必要があるが、多すぎると過剰Bが磁気特性を劣化させるので、B量は0.0030〜0.0100%の範囲に限定した。
【0017】
N:0.005 〜0.015 %
Nは、上述したとおり、棒鋼・線材を製造する熱間加工工程または2次加工の熱間鍛造後の冷却過程で、Bと結合してBNを形成し、被削性の向上に有効に寄与する。しかしながら、Nが 0.005%に満たないとその添加効果に乏しく、一方0.015 %を超えて多量に含有されると過剰なNに起因する固溶強化、歪み時効等によって磁気特性の劣化を引き起こすので、Nは 0.005〜0.015 %の範囲に限定した。
【0018】
S:0.006 %以下
Sは、硫化物系介在物を形成して延性を低下させる他、磁気特性にも悪影響を及ぼすので、極力低減させることが望ましいが、0.006 %以下であれば許容できる。
【0019】
O:0.015 %以下
Oは、鋼の清浄化に有害なだけでなく、磁気特性を低下させるので、極力低減させることが望ましいが、0.015 %以下であれば許容できる。
【0020】
本発明において、製造方法については、特に制限されることはなく、常法に従って行えば良い。
例えば、転炉精錬後に鋳造し、その後1100℃以上の温度に加熱してBNを固溶させた後、熱間圧延により棒鋼・線材とする。この際の冷却過程でBNを析出させる。
【0021】
【実施例】
表1に示す成分組成になる鋼材を、150 mm角ビレットに熱間鍛造したのち、1150℃に加熱後、直径:50mmの棒鋼に圧延した。BNは、圧延後の冷却過程で析出する。
かくして得られた棒鋼の被削性および磁気特性について調べた結果を、表1に併記する。
なお、棒鋼の被削性は、超硬ドリルを用いて、深さ:20mmの穴あけ加工(無潤滑)を連続して繰り返し行い、切削不能になるまでの穴あけ個数で評価した。
また、低磁場磁気特性は、磁気的応答性の指標として、棒鋼から外径:45mmφ、内径:33mmφ、高さ:5mmのリング状試験片を作製し、700 ℃,1時間の焼鈍後、印加磁界:100 A/m の時の磁束密度(B1)を測定し、この値で評価した。
【0022】
【表1】
【0023】
同表に示したとおり、発明例はいずれも、工具寿命は良好であり、また低磁場域での磁束密度も高い値を示している。
これに対し、B量が本発明の範囲よりも少ない比較例(No.5)は、形成されるBN量が少ないため、工具寿命が低下している。また、BNを形成しないNが過剰であるため、低磁場磁気特性もやや低い。
また、N量が本発明の範囲よりも少ない比較例(No.6)は、やはり形成されるBN量が少ないため、工具寿命が低下している。また、BNを形成しないBが過剰であるため、低磁場磁気特性も低下している。
さらに、B量が本発明の範囲よりも多い比較例(No.7)は、BN量は十分に確保されているため工具寿命は良好であるが、BNを形成しないBが過剰であるため、低磁場磁気特性が著しく低下している。
また、C量が本発明の範囲よりも多い比較例(No.8)およびSi量が本発明の範囲よりも少ない比較例(No.9)はいずれも、低磁場磁気特性が著しく低下している。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
かくして、本発明によれば、自動車や家電製品等の電装部品等に適した被削性と低磁場磁気特性を兼ね備える珪素含有棒鋼・線材を安定して得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a silicon-containing steel bar or wire (hereinafter, simply referred to as a steel bar / wire) used for electrical parts such as automobiles and home appliances, and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a coating required in the manufacturing process of these parts. This is an advantageous improvement in machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties required in the product stage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Silicon-containing steel that easily adapts to a magnetic field is used as a member that constitutes a magnetic circuit such as an electrical component such as an automobile or home appliance. This is because these members are required to have magnetic characteristics that are easily magnetized by a small external magnetic field and have a high initial permeability.
[0003]
When manufacturing these steel materials, it is common to hot-roll them into steel bars and wires, and then to perform cold working and cutting such as wire drawing and forging, and magnetic annealing etc. are performed after final forming is completed. there were.
However, in recent years, there is an increasing demand for further improvement of machinability from the viewpoint of energy saving. That is, the development of silicon-containing steel bars and wires with good machinability has been desired.
[0004]
On the other hand, in order to ensure the magnetic response required for these members, a steel material having a high magnetic flux density at a low magnetic field, for example, a magnetic flux density at a magnetic field of 100 A / m is effective.
[0005]
However, the machinability and the low magnetic field magnetic properties as described above are contradictory properties from the viewpoint of the chemical composition of the steel material. In other words, in order to improve the machinability of steel, it is effective to reduce solid solution strengthening elements such as Si and soften the steel, but reduction of Si is not preferable from the viewpoint of magnetic properties. . In addition, it is very effective for improving machinability to disperse sulfides such as MnS and lead in steel, to reduce cutting resistance during cutting, and to improve chip disposal. Elements greatly impair magnetic properties. In particular, lead is not preferable because it has an adverse effect on the environment and the human body.
[0006]
By the way, recently, as satisfying both magnetic properties and machinability, BN free cutting steels having excellent soft magnetic properties, that is, among magnetic properties, have high magnetic flux density and maximum magnetic permeability and low coercive force. Proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
However, the BN-based free-cutting steel disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot increase the magnetic flux density in a low magnetic field, leaving a problem in that it is inferior in low magnetic field magnetic properties.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-303209 JP
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, a steel material having both machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties as an electrical component has not been found so far, and its development has been desired.
The present invention advantageously solves the above problems, and proposes a silicon-containing steel bar / wire material having high machinability in the manufacturing process and having excellent low magnetic field magnetic properties in the product together with its manufacturing method. With the goal.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the inventors have found that even when a relatively large amount of Si is contained in order to improve the low magnetic field magnetic properties, an appropriate amount of BN is contained in the steel. It is possible to effectively suppress the deterioration of machinability by dispersing, and as a result, it has been found that both machinability and low magnetic field magnetic characteristics can be obtained together.
The present invention is based on the above findings.
[0010]
That is, the present invention, by mass%, C: 0.0034% or less,
Si: 0.5-3.5%,
Mn: 0.1-0.3%
P: 0.01-0.10%,
Al: 0.35% or less,
B: 0.0030 to 0.0100%,
N: 0.005 to 0.015%,
S: 0.006% or less and O: 0.015% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities , BN is dispersed in the steel , excellent machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties Steel bars and wire rods.
Also, the present invention is in mass%.
C: 0.0034 % or less,
Si: 0.5 ~ 3.5%,
Mn: 0.1 ~ 0.3%,
P: 0.01 ~ 0.10%,
Al : 0.35 % or less,
B: 0.0030 to 0.0100 %,
N: 0.005 to 0.015 %,
S: 0.006 % or less and
O: 0.015 % or less
The balance is excellent in machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties, characterized in that the steel material comprising Fe and the inevitable impurities is heated to a temperature of 1100 ° C or higher and then hot-rolled into a steel bar / wire. This is a method for manufacturing steel bars and wire rods.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.
First, the reason why the composition of steel is limited to the above range in the present invention will be described. Unless otherwise specified, “%” in relation to ingredients means mass%.
C: 0.0034% or less C is contained at 0.0034% or less because too much C leads to deterioration of magnetic properties.
[0012]
Si: 0.5-3.5%
Si is an element effective in improving the magnetic flux density and reducing iron loss in the low magnetic field region of steel. For this purpose, it must contain 0.5% or more. Since the machinability of steel decreases due to strengthening, the upper limit was made 3.5%.
[0013]
Mn: 0.1-0.3%
Mn has the effect of fixing S and improving hot workability. To that end, Mn needs to be contained in an amount of 0.1% or more. On the other hand, the addition of a large amount increases the strength of the steel and improves the cold workability. The upper limit is set to 0.3%.
[0014]
P: 0.01-0.10%
P is an element useful for improving the magnetic flux density in the low magnetic field region of steel, and for that purpose, it needs to contain at least 0.01%. On the other hand, if the amount of P is too large, the steel is cooled by solid solution strengthening. The upper limit was set to 0.10% because the inter-workability deteriorated.
[0015]
Al: 0.35% or less
Al is an element effective in improving the magnetic flux density in the low magnetic field region of steel, but if it is contained in a large amount, the cold workability of the steel decreases due to solid solution strengthening, so Al should be 0.35% or less. Limited.
[0016]
B: 0.0030-0.0100%
B is combined with N to form BN in a cooling process after hot forging, which is a hot working process or secondary work for manufacturing a steel bar / wire. This BN, like graphite, has a lubricating action between the tool and the steel material at the time of cutting, and contributes effectively to the improvement of machinability. For that purpose, it is necessary to contain 0.0030% or more of B, but if it is too much, excessive B deteriorates the magnetic properties, so the amount of B is limited to a range of 0.0030 to 0.0100%.
[0017]
N: 0.005 to 0.015%
N, as mentioned above, forms BN by combining with B in the hot working process for manufacturing steel bars and wire rods, or in the cooling process after hot forging in the secondary work, and contributes to improving machinability effectively. To do. However, if N is less than 0.005%, the effect of addition is poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.015%, it causes deterioration of magnetic properties due to solid solution strengthening, strain aging, etc. due to excessive N. N was limited to a range of 0.005 to 0.015%.
[0018]
S: 0.006% or less S forms sulfide inclusions to lower ductility and also adversely affects magnetic properties, so it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible, but 0.006% or less is acceptable.
[0019]
O: 0.015% or less O is not only harmful to steel cleaning, but also deteriorates magnetic properties, so it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible. However, 0.015% or less is acceptable.
[0020]
In the present invention, the production method is not particularly limited and may be carried out according to a conventional method.
For example, it is cast after converter refining, and then heated to a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher to dissolve BN, and then hot-rolled to form a bar or wire. BN is deposited during the cooling process.
[0021]
【Example】
A steel material having the composition shown in Table 1 was hot forged into a 150 mm square billet, heated to 1150 ° C., and then rolled into a steel bar having a diameter of 50 mm. BN precipitates during the cooling process after rolling.
Table 1 also shows the results of investigation on the machinability and magnetic properties of the steel bars thus obtained.
In addition, the machinability of the steel bar was evaluated by the number of holes until cutting became impossible by continuously drilling (non-lubricating) with a depth of 20 mm using a carbide drill.
In addition, low magnetic field magnetic properties are applied as an index of magnetic responsiveness by preparing a ring-shaped test piece with an outer diameter of 45 mmφ, an inner diameter of 33 mmφ, and a height of 5 mm from a steel bar, after annealing at 700 ° C. for 1 hour. Magnetic flux density (B 1 ) at a magnetic field of 100 A / m was measured and evaluated with this value.
[0022]
[Table 1]
[0023]
As shown in the table, each of the inventive examples has a good tool life and a high magnetic flux density in a low magnetic field region.
On the other hand, the comparative example (No. 5) in which the B amount is smaller than the range of the present invention has a reduced tool life because the amount of BN formed is small. Moreover, since N which does not form BN is excessive, low magnetic field magnetic characteristics are slightly low.
Further, in the comparative example (No. 6) in which the N amount is less than the range of the present invention, the tool life is reduced because the amount of BN formed is also small. Moreover, since B which does not form BN is excessive, low magnetic field magnetic characteristics are also deteriorated.
Furthermore, in Comparative Example (No. 7) in which the B amount is larger than the range of the present invention, the tool life is good because the BN amount is sufficiently secured, but B that does not form BN is excessive. The low magnetic field magnetic properties are significantly degraded.
Further, in both the comparative example (No. 8) in which the C amount is larger than the range of the present invention and the comparative example (No. 9) in which the Si amount is smaller than the range of the present invention, the low magnetic field magnetic characteristics are remarkably deteriorated. Yes.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to stably obtain a silicon-containing steel bar / wire material having both machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties suitable for electric parts such as automobiles and home appliances.
Claims (2)
C:0.0034%以下、
Si:0.5〜3.5 %、
Mn:0.1〜0.3 %、
P:0.01〜0.10%、
Al:0.35%以下、
B:0.0030〜0.0100%、
N:0.005〜0.015 %、
S:0.006%以下および
O:0.015%以下
を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、鋼中にBNが分散してなることを特徴とする被削性および低磁場磁気特性に優れた棒鋼又は線材。In mass% C: 0.0034% or less,
Si: 0.5-3.5%,
Mn: 0.1-0.3%
P: 0.01-0.10%,
Al: 0.35% or less,
B: 0.0030 to 0.0100%,
N: 0.005 to 0.015%,
S: 0.006% or less and O: 0.015% or less, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities , BN is dispersed in the steel , excellent machinability and low magnetic field magnetic properties Steel bar or wire rod.
C:C: 0.00340.0034 %以下、%Less than,
SiSi :: 0.50.5 〜~ 3.5 3.5 %、%,
MnMn :: 0.10.1 〜~ 0.3 0.3 %、%,
P:P: 0.010.01 〜~ 0.100.10 %、%,
AlAl :: 0.350.35 %以下、%Less than,
B:B: 0.00300.0030 〜~ 0.01000.0100 %、%,
N:N: 0.0050.005 〜~ 0.015 0.015 %、%,
S:S: 0.0060.006 %以下および% And below
O:O: 0.0150.015 %以下%Less than
を含有し、残部はContaining the remainder FeFe および不可避的不純物からなる鋼材を、And steel material consisting of inevitable impurities, 11001100 ℃以上の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延により棒鋼又は線材とすることを特徴とする被削性および低磁場磁気特性に優れた棒鋼又は線材の製造方法。A method for producing a steel bar or wire excellent in machinability and low magnetic field magnetic characteristics, characterized in that after heating to a temperature of ℃ or higher, it is made into a steel bar or wire by hot rolling.
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