JP4218754B2

JP4218754B2 - Bearing wall of wooden building and method of reinforcing existing building

Info

Publication number: JP4218754B2
Application number: JP2003129234A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 武安黒澤; 公一木村
Original assignee: Sumitomo Realty and Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Realty and Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-05-07
Filing date: 2003-05-07
Publication date: 2009-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 2023-05-07
Also published as: JP2004332364A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐震性を高めた木造建築物の構造に関し、詳細には、構造用板材を構造部材として利用した耐力壁に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
木造建築の在来工法において、特許文献１（特開平６−８１４１１号公報）及び２（特開平９−１９５４２０号公報）に示されるように柱、梁及び土台に切込みを設け、切込み内に構造用板材を嵌め込んで固定し、耐力壁とすることがおこなわれている。
これは、図８に示すように柱１、土台２、梁または胴差し３に切込み（しゃくり）１０を形成し、構造用板材５を切込みに嵌め込んで釘等で固定したものである。構造用板材５は切込み１０に隙間なくピッタリと嵌め込んであり、柱等の枠材と強固に一体化してある。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特開平６−８１４１１号公報（図１、特許請求の範囲、詳細な説明段落７、１４）
【特許文献２】
特開平９−１９５４２０号公報（要約、特許請求の範囲、図１、図２、詳細な説明段落３、５、９、１０）
【特許文献３】
特許第３０５０５３６号（特許請求の範囲、図１）
【特許文献４】
特許第３１２４９４５号（特許請求の範囲、図１）
【０００４】
【発明が解決すべき課題】
この切込みに構造用板材を隙間なく嵌め込んだ耐力壁では、構造用板材５が柱、土台、梁と強固に一体化されており、構造用板材５の強度を有効に活用することができ、耐力壁として有効ではあるが、剛性が大きく、水平方向の変形に対する余裕がなく、耐力壁の枠材である土台や梁が破壊して急激に潰れて構造物としての形状が保たれず崩壊する恐れがある。
本発明は、耐力壁が急激に破壊されるのを抑止して構造物に粘りを与え、耐力の限界に達しても、建築物としての形状が保持されるようにするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このため、柱、土台、梁（胴差し）により構成される枠材に切込みを設けて切込み枠を形成し、この切込み枠に構造用板材を周縁に５〜１０ｍｍの遊間を設けて嵌め込み、釘等の固定手段で固定するものである。
柱、土台、梁の枠材と構造用板材が一体となって耐力壁として機能し、限界を超える外力が作用した場合、切込みと構造用板材との間に遊間が存在するため、耐力壁が崩壊することなく枠が変形するので、急激に破壊するということがなく、粘りのある構造物とすることができる。
また、既存建築物の補強において、既存の柱、梁に切込みを設けた添え柱、及び添え梁を固定して切込み枠を形成し、構造用板材をこの切込み枠内に周縁に５〜１０ｍｍの遊間を設けて固定することによって既存木造建築物を補強するものである。
【０００６】
【実施例】
図１の正面図及び図２の断面図において、１は柱、２は土台、３は胴差しまたは梁、４は受枠材、５は構造用板材（構造用合板）、６は間柱である。
柱１、土台２、及び胴差し３には、図２の断面図及び図３の部分詳細図に示すように、深さ１０ｍｍ、幅５５ｍｍの切込み（シャクリ）１０がそれぞれ形成され、切込み１０によって柱１、土台２、胴差し３で構成される枠の内側に切込み枠が形成される。切込み１０の深さは、嵌め込む構造用板材５の厚さとほぼ等しいものとする。
【０００７】
切込み１０は、現場で形成するか、または、木材を柱、梁等に加工する際に同時に形成しておく。必要に応じて間柱６、受枠材４及び筋違い（図示しない）を取り付ける。間柱６及び受枠材４等は、切込み分だけ内側に取り付け、表面が切込み１０の面と同一面になるようにする。柱１と土台２及び胴差し３との交点には枠の形状を保持するための補強金物２５がビスで取り付けてある。
【０００８】
厚さ９ｍｍの構造用板材５を切込み１０との間に１０ｍｍの遊間１２をあけて設置し、釘５１を５０〜１００ｍｍの間隔で打ち込んで固定する。本実施例では、構造用板材５は、中央の間柱６及び受枠材４の位置で分割した４枚である。構造用板材５の厚さとほぼ等しい切込み１０が柱１、土台２、及び胴差し（梁）３に設けてあるので、切込み１０に設置された構造用板材５と柱１等の枠材は面一となり、建物の外側への張り出しを小さくすることができる。構造用板材５の外側には、下地を設けてサイディング、モルタル壁等の外装が施工される。
【０００９】
遊間１２の大きさは、耐力壁に水平変形が生じても、構造用板材５が切込み１０に接触して変形が極度に抑制されることのないように定める必要があり、少なくとも５ｍｍが必要である。
【００１０】
遊間１２が狭いと、切込み１０に構造用板材５を隙間なくピッタリ嵌め込んで固定する従来技術と同様に、耐力壁が横からの力を受けて変形すると構造用板材５と柱１が接触して耐力壁の剛性が高まって粘りを失い、急激な崩壊をする。
遊間１２を１０ｍｍとすることにより、傾き１／１５ｒａｄの変形の場合でも耐力壁はその形状を保持することができ、構造物が急激に崩壊することがなく、粘りのある構造物とすることができる。
【００１１】
【実施例２】
既存建築物の補強に本発明の耐力壁を適用したものを図４〜図７に示す。
既存の柱１、土台２、及び胴差し３に各々切込み１０を設けた添え柱１１、添え土台２１及び添え胴差し３１を既存の建築物に長ビス５２で固定して切込み枠を形成し、この切込み枠内に構造用板材５を周縁に遊間１２を設けて釘５１を５０〜１００ｍｍの間隔で打設して固定する。
既存建築物の補強の場合、長ビス５２を打ち込んで添え柱１１等を既存の構造物に固定するため、図６に示すように、柱の幅（Ｌ）に切込み１０を設けた残りの部分の幅（ａ）を少なくとも３５ｍｍ程度確保して長ビスの保持力を損なわないようにする。遊間１２の大きさは、添え柱１１の大きさや切込み１０を形成した残りの幅（ａ）を勘案して決めることができる。
【００１２】
添え柱１１等を既存建築物の上に固定したことにより、耐力壁が外側に張り出すが、構造用板材５を切込み１０内に納めてあるので、従来の補強工法に比較して、構造用板材５の厚さ分だけ外壁の張り出しを押さえることができる。
【００１３】
【発明の効果】
本発明の耐力壁は、遊間を設けて構造用板材を切込み枠内に固定するものであるので、木造建築物の軸組の歪みや変形を防止できると共に、切込み枠と構造用板材の間に遊間を設けることによって耐力壁に粘りが付与されており、急激に破壊して構造物が崩壊するという危険を避けることができる。
また、この耐力壁を既存の木造建築物の補強に応用することによって既存の建築物を補強することができ、かつ、従来の補強工法に比較して、外壁の張り出し量を小さくすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の耐力壁の正面図。
【図２】本発明の耐力壁の縦断面図。
【図３】耐力壁の角部の拡大詳細図。
【図４】既存建築物の補強に本発明の耐力壁を応用した斜視図。
【図５】既存建築物の補強に本発明の耐力壁を応用した縦断面図。
【図６】既存建築物の補強に本発明の耐力壁を応用した横断面図。
【図７】既存建築物の補強に本発明の耐力壁を応用した土台部分の拡大図。
【図８】従来の構造用板材を利用した耐力壁の斜視図。
【符号の説明】
１柱
２土台
３胴差し（梁）
４受枠材
５構造用板材
６間柱[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structure of a wooden building having improved earthquake resistance, and more particularly to a load bearing wall using a structural plate as a structural member.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional construction method of wooden construction, as shown in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-81411) and 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-195420), notches are provided in pillars, beams and foundations, and structures are formed in the cuts. The plate material is fitted and fixed to make a bearing wall.
As shown in FIG. 8, a notch (shackle) 10 is formed in the pillar 1, the base 2, the beam or the trunk 3, and the structural plate material 5 is fitted into the notch and fixed with a nail or the like. The structural plate 5 is fitted into the notch 10 with no gap, and is firmly integrated with a frame material such as a pillar.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-81411 (FIG. 1, claims, detailed explanation paragraphs 7 and 14)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-195420 (abstract, claims, FIGS. 1 and 2, detailed description paragraphs 3, 5, 9, and 10)
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent No. 3050536 (Claims, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent No. 3124945 (Claims, FIG. 1)
[0004]
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
In the load-bearing wall in which the structural plate material is fitted into the notch with no gap, the structural plate material 5 is firmly integrated with the pillar, base, and beam, and the strength of the structural plate material 5 can be effectively utilized. Although it is effective as a load-bearing wall, it has high rigidity and no allowance for horizontal deformation, and the foundation and beam that are the frame of the load-bearing wall are destroyed and collapsed rapidly, so that the shape of the structure is not maintained and collapses. There is a fear.
The present invention prevents the bearing wall from being abruptly broken and gives the structure stickiness so that the shape as a building is maintained even when the limit of the yield strength is reached.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
For this purpose, a frame is formed by forming a cut frame in a frame material composed of pillars, foundations and beams (cylinder), and a structural plate material is inserted into the cut frame with a clearance of 5 to 10 mm around the periphery, and a nail It fixes with fixing means, such as.
The frame material of pillars, foundations and beams and the structural plate material work together as a load-bearing wall.When an external force exceeding the limit is applied, there is a gap between the notch and the structural plate material, so the load-bearing wall Since the frame is deformed without collapsing, it can be made a sticky structure without being abruptly destroyed.
In addition, in reinforcing existing buildings, existing columns, additional columns provided with cuts in the beams, and fixed frames are fixed to form a cutting frame, and the structural plate material is 5 to 10 mm on the periphery in the cutting frame. The existing wooden building is reinforced by providing and fixing a gap.
[0006]
【Example】
In the front view of FIG. 1 and the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, 1 is a pillar, 2 is a base, 3 is a torsion or beam, 4 is a frame member, 5 is a structural plate (structural plywood), and 6 is a stud.
As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 and the partial detail view of FIG. 3, the pillar 1, the base 2, and the trunk 3 are each formed with a notch 10 having a depth of 10 mm and a width of 55 mm. A cutting frame is formed inside the frame formed by the pillar 1, the base 2, and the trunk 3. The depth of the cut 10 is substantially equal to the thickness of the structural plate 5 to be fitted.
[0007]
The incision 10 is formed at the site or at the same time when the wood is processed into a pillar, a beam or the like. If necessary, the stud 6, the frame member 4, and the streak (not shown) are attached. The spacer 6 and the receiving frame member 4 are attached to the inside by the amount of the cut so that the surface is flush with the surface of the cut 10. Reinforcing hardware 25 for holding the shape of the frame is attached with screws at the intersections of the pillars 1 with the base 2 and the trunk 3.
[0008]
A structural plate 5 having a thickness of 9 mm is placed with a 10 mm gap 12 between the notch 10 and nails 51 are driven and fixed at intervals of 50 to 100 mm. In this embodiment, the structural plate 5 is divided into four pieces at the positions of the central stud 6 and the receiving frame 4. Since the notch 10 approximately equal to the thickness of the structural plate 5 is provided in the pillar 1, the base 2, and the torso (beam) 3, the structural plate 5 and the frame material such as the pillar 1 installed in the notch 10 are surfaces. It becomes one, and the overhang to the outside of a building can be made small. On the outside of the structural plate 5, an exterior such as a siding or a mortar wall is provided with a base.
[0009]
The size of the gap 12 needs to be determined so that even if horizontal deformation occurs in the bearing wall, the structural plate 5 does not come into contact with the notch 10 and the deformation is not extremely suppressed, and at least 5 mm is required. is there.
[0010]
If the gap 12 is narrow, the structural plate 5 and the column 1 come into contact with each other when the load bearing wall is deformed by receiving a force from the side as in the prior art in which the structural plate 5 is fitted and fixed in the notch 10 without gaps. As the rigidity of the bearing wall increases, it loses its stickiness and collapses rapidly.
By setting the clearance 12 to 10 mm, the shape of the bearing wall can be maintained even in the case of deformation with an inclination of 1/15 rad, so that the structure does not collapse rapidly and the structure is made sticky. it can.
[0011]
[Example 2]
What applied the load-bearing wall of this invention to the reinforcement of the existing building is shown in FIGS.
The pillars 11, the bases 21, and the brace 31 provided with the notches 10 in the existing pillars 1, the base 2, and the trunk 3 are respectively fixed to the existing building with long screws 52, and a cut frame is formed. In this cut frame, the structural plate 5 is provided with a clearance 12 at the periphery, and nails 51 are driven and fixed at intervals of 50 to 100 mm.
In the case of reinforcing an existing building, in order to fix the supporting pillar 11 and the like to the existing structure by driving a long screw 52, as shown in FIG. 6, the remaining portion provided with a notch 10 in the width (L) of the pillar The width (a) is secured at least about 35 mm so as not to impair the holding force of the long screw. The size of the gap 12 can be determined in consideration of the size of the supporting pillar 11 and the remaining width (a) where the notch 10 is formed.
[0012]
The bearing wall protrudes to the outside by fixing the supporting pillar 11 etc. on the existing building, but the structural plate material 5 is housed in the notch 10, so that it is structural The overhang of the outer wall can be suppressed by the thickness of the plate material 5.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
Since the bearing wall of the present invention is provided with a gap to fix the structural plate material in the cut frame, it can prevent distortion and deformation of the frame of the wooden building, and between the cut frame and the structural plate material. By providing a gap, the bearing wall is imparted with stickiness, and the danger of sudden destruction and collapse of the structure can be avoided.
Also, by applying this bearing wall to the reinforcement of existing wooden buildings, existing buildings can be reinforced, and the amount of overhang of the outer wall can be reduced compared to conventional reinforcement methods. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a load bearing wall of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a load-bearing wall according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail view of a corner portion of a load bearing wall.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view in which the load-bearing wall of the present invention is applied to the reinforcement of an existing building.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view in which the bearing wall of the present invention is applied to the reinforcement of an existing building.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in which the bearing wall of the present invention is applied to the reinforcement of an existing building.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a base portion in which the bearing wall of the present invention is applied to the reinforcement of an existing building.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a load bearing wall using a conventional structural plate.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Pillar 2 Base 3 Torso (beam)
4 Receiving frame material 5 Structural plate material 6

Claims

A load-bearing wall in which notches are formed in pillars, foundations, and trunks that constitute a framework of a wooden building to form a notch frame, and a structural plate material is provided on the notch frame with a margin of 5 to 10 mm on the periphery.

A cut pillar is formed by fixing an attached pillar, a base and an auxiliary cylinder with an incision in an existing wooden building, and a structural plate material is fixed in the incision frame by providing a clearance of 5 to 10 mm at the periphery. A method of reinforcing existing buildings.