JP4214077B2 - Urea water storage device - Google Patents

Urea water storage device Download PDF

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JP4214077B2
JP4214077B2 JP2004114109A JP2004114109A JP4214077B2 JP 4214077 B2 JP4214077 B2 JP 4214077B2 JP 2004114109 A JP2004114109 A JP 2004114109A JP 2004114109 A JP2004114109 A JP 2004114109A JP 4214077 B2 JP4214077 B2 JP 4214077B2
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urea water
foam
concentration sensor
tank
storage device
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JP2005299441A (en
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博 舟橋
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1426—Filtration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/148—Arrangement of sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1818—Concentration of the reducing agent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Description

本発明は、ＮＯxを還元浄化するための選択還元型触媒に対し還元剤として添加すべき尿素水の貯蔵方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for storing urea water to be added as a reducing agent to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx.

従来より、ディーゼルエンジンにおいては、排気ガスが流通する排気管の途中に、酸素共存下でも選択的にＮＯxを還元剤と反応させる性質を備えた選択還元型触媒（選択還元型触媒）を装備し、該選択還元型触媒の上流側に必要量の還元剤を添加して該還元剤を選択還元型触媒上で排気ガス中のＮＯx（窒素酸化物）と還元反応させ、これによりＮＯxの排出濃度を低減し得るようにしたものがある。   Conventionally, diesel engines are equipped with a selective reduction catalyst (selective reduction catalyst) that has the property of selectively reacting NOx with a reducing agent even in the presence of oxygen in the middle of an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas flows. The required amount of reducing agent is added to the upstream side of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, and the reducing agent is subjected to a reduction reaction with NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the exhaust gas on the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, whereby NOx emission concentration There is one that can reduce the above.

他方、プラント等における工業的な排煙脱硝処理の分野では、還元剤にアンモニア（ＮＨ3）を用いてＮＯxを還元浄化する手法の有効性が既に広く知られているところであるが、自動車の場合には、アンモニアそのものを搭載して走行することに関し安全確保が困難であるため、近年においては、毒性のない尿素水を還元剤として使用することが研究されている。 On the other hand, in the field of industrial flue gas denitration treatment in plants and the like, the effectiveness of a method for reducing and purifying NOx using ammonia (NH 3 ) as a reducing agent is already widely known. Since it is difficult to ensure safety with respect to traveling with ammonia itself, in recent years, the use of non-toxic urea water as a reducing agent has been studied.

即ち、尿素水を選択還元型触媒の上流側で排出ガス中に添加すれば、約１７０℃以上の温度条件下で前記尿素水がアンモニアと炭酸ガスに分解され、選択還元型触媒上で排出ガス中のＮＯxがアンモニアにより良好に還元浄化されることになる。   That is, if urea water is added to the exhaust gas upstream of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the urea water is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide under a temperature condition of about 170 ° C. or higher, and the exhaust gas is exhausted on the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The NOx contained therein is reduced and purified well by ammonia.

このように尿素水を還元剤として使用する場合、図２に示す如く、尿素水１を車両搭載のタンク２に貯蔵しておくことになるが、該タンク２内に上方から挿し入れられた送水管３の吸い込み口３ａあたりに尿素水濃度センサ４を装着し、タンク２内の尿素水１が適切な濃度に維持されているか否かを監視する必要がある。   When urea water is used as a reducing agent in this way, the urea water 1 is stored in the tank 2 mounted on the vehicle as shown in FIG. 2, but the feed inserted into the tank 2 from above is sent. It is necessary to mount a urea water concentration sensor 4 around the suction port 3a of the water pipe 3 to monitor whether or not the urea water 1 in the tank 2 is maintained at an appropriate concentration.

即ち、排気管途中の選択還元型触媒に対し還元剤として尿素水１を添加するにあたっては、尿素水１が最適な濃度になっているという前提で添加量の制御が成されることになるため、タンク２内の尿素水１が必要濃度より薄くなっていると、添加量をエンジンの運転状態に応じ適切に制御しても有効なＮＯx低減効果が得られず、また、タンク２内の尿素水１が必要濃度より濃くなっていると、添加後に分解して生成されるアンモニアが過剰となってアンモニアの余剰分が車外へ漏出する虞れがあるからである。   That is, when the urea water 1 is added as a reducing agent to the selective reduction catalyst in the middle of the exhaust pipe, the amount of addition is controlled on the assumption that the urea water 1 has an optimal concentration. If the urea water 1 in the tank 2 is thinner than the required concentration, an effective NOx reduction effect cannot be obtained even if the amount added is appropriately controlled according to the operating state of the engine, and the urea in the tank 2 This is because if the water 1 is thicker than the required concentration, the ammonia generated by decomposition after the addition becomes excessive, and there is a risk that the excess ammonia will leak out of the vehicle.

尚、この種の選択還元型触媒へ添加するための尿素水の濃度計測に関する先行技術文献情報としては、例えば次に示す如き特許文献１や特許文献２等がある。
特開平３−１９６８１７号公報 特開２００１−２０７２４号公報 In addition, as prior art document information regarding the concentration measurement of urea water to be added to this type of selective reduction catalyst, there are Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 as shown below, for example.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-196817 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-20724

しかしながら、尿素水１は泡沫を生じ易いという性質を持っており、図３に示す如く、エンジン側から熱を受けてタンク２の内外の温度差が大きくなった時にタンク２の内壁に泡沫が生じたり、図４に示す如く、タンク２上部の給水口５から新たな尿素水１を投入した際に水面で空気が巻き込まれて泡沫が生じたり、図５に示す如く、走行振動により水面が波打って泡沫が生じたりすることがあり、これらの泡沫が尿素水濃度センサ４の表面に付着して尿素水１の正確な濃度計測を阻害するという問題があった。   However, the urea water 1 has the property of easily generating foam, and as shown in FIG. 3, when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank 2 is increased due to heat from the engine side, the foam is formed on the inner wall of the tank 2. As shown in FIG. 4, when new urea water 1 is introduced from the water supply port 5 at the upper part of the tank 2, air is caught in the water surface and bubbles are generated. As shown in FIG. There is a case where bubbles are generated by hitting, and there is a problem that these bubbles adhere to the surface of the urea water concentration sensor 4 and obstruct accurate measurement of the urea water 1.

本発明は上述の実情に鑑みてなしたもので、尿素水濃度センサへの泡沫の付着を防止してタンク内における尿素水の濃度を正確に計測し得るようにすることを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to prevent the foam from adhering to the urea water concentration sensor and to accurately measure the concentration of urea water in the tank.

本発明は、ＮＯxを還元浄化するための選択還元型触媒に対し還元剤として添加すべき尿素水の貯蔵装置であって、尿素水を貯蔵するタンク内に尿素水濃度センサを配置し、該尿素水濃度センサの周囲を上部開口の容器状を成す泡沫ガードにより包囲し、該泡沫ガードの内側で親水性素材から成る泡沫捕捉フィルタにより前記尿素水濃度センサを被包したことを特徴とするものである。   The present invention is a urea water storage device to be added as a reducing agent to a selective reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx, wherein a urea water concentration sensor is disposed in a tank for storing urea water, and the urea The water concentration sensor is surrounded by a foam guard having a container shape with an upper opening, and the urea water concentration sensor is encapsulated by a foam trapping filter made of a hydrophilic material inside the foam guard. is there.

而して、このようにすれば、タンク内に生じた泡沫が尿素水濃度センサの下側から浮上しても、泡沫ガードにより行く手を阻まれて該泡沫ガードを迂回して浮上することになり、また、仮に泡沫ガードの上部の開口から泡沫が内側に入り込んだとしても、尿素水濃度センサに到達する前に泡沫捕捉フィルタに捕捉され、該泡沫捕捉フィルタが親水性素材であることから泡沫が崩れて消泡することになる。   Thus, even if the foam generated in the tank rises from the lower side of the urea water concentration sensor, a hand going by the foam guard is obstructed and the foam guard bypasses the foam guard and rises. In addition, even if the foam enters inside from the upper opening of the foam guard, it is captured by the foam capturing filter before reaching the urea water concentration sensor, and the foam capturing filter is made of a hydrophilic material. It will collapse and defoam.

更に、本発明をより具体的に実施するにあたっては、タンク内に上方から挿し入れられた送水管の吸い込み口の近傍に尿素水濃度センサを装着し、該尿素水濃度センサを前記送水管の吸い込み口と一緒に泡沫捕捉フィルタで被包すると良い。   Furthermore, in carrying out the present invention more specifically, a urea water concentration sensor is mounted in the vicinity of a suction port of a water pipe inserted into the tank from above, and the urea water concentration sensor is sucked into the water pipe. It is better to encapsulate with a foam trap filter along with the mouth.

このようにすれば、タンク内外の温度差により泡沫が付き易いタンクの内壁から離して尿素水濃度センサを配置することが可能となり、送水管へ泡沫を混ぜずに尿素水を送り出すことも可能となる。   In this way, it becomes possible to dispose the urea water concentration sensor away from the inner wall of the tank, which tends to be foamed due to temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank, and it is also possible to send out urea water without mixing foam into the water pipe Become.

尚、泡沫捕捉フィルタの親水性素材にはガラス繊維を採用することが好ましく、この種のガラス繊維は極めて高い親水性を有しているので、捕捉した泡沫を崩して消泡させる作用が強く、しかも、泡沫を機械的に捕捉し得るようなフィルタ構造を成すのに適している。   In addition, it is preferable to employ glass fiber as the hydrophilic material of the foam trapping filter, and since this type of glass fiber has extremely high hydrophilicity, the action of breaking the trapped foam and defoaming is strong, Moreover, it is suitable for forming a filter structure that can trap foams mechanically.

上記した本発明の尿素水貯蔵装置によれば、泡沫ガードにより尿素水濃度センサへ向け浮上する泡沫の直撃を防止でき、しかも、泡沫捕捉フィルタにより泡沫を捕捉し且つその泡沫を高い親水性により崩して消泡させることができるので、尿素水濃度センサへの泡沫の付着を確実に防止することができ、タンク内における尿素水の濃度を尿素水濃度センサにより正確に計測することができるという優れた効果を奏し得る。   According to the urea water storage device of the present invention described above, the foam guard can prevent direct hitting of the foam rising toward the urea water concentration sensor, and the foam is captured by the foam trapping filter, and the foam is broken by high hydrophilicity. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent foam from adhering to the urea water concentration sensor, and the urea water concentration sensor can accurately measure the urea water concentration in the tank. Can have an effect.

以下本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しつつ説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明を実施する形態の一例を示すもので、本形態例においては、タンク２内に上方から挿し入れられた送水管３の吸い込み口３ａの近傍に尿素水濃度センサ４を装着しており、該尿素水濃度センサ４の周囲を上部開口の容器状を成す泡沫ガード６により包囲すると共に、該泡沫ガード６の内側でガラス繊維（親水性素材）から成る泡沫捕捉フィルタ７により前記尿素水濃度センサ４を前記送水管３の吸い込み口３ａと一緒に被包している。   FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment for carrying out the present invention. In this embodiment, a urea water concentration sensor 4 is mounted in the vicinity of a suction port 3a of a water pipe 3 inserted into the tank 2 from above. The urea water concentration sensor 4 is surrounded by a foam guard 6 in the form of a container having an upper opening, and the urea trapping filter 7 made of glass fiber (hydrophilic material) is disposed inside the foam guard 6. The water concentration sensor 4 is encapsulated together with the suction port 3 a of the water supply pipe 3.

ここで、前記尿素水濃度センサ４は、必ずしも送水管３の吸い込み口３ａの近傍に装着する必要はないが、このようにすれば、タンク２内外の温度差により泡沫が付き易いタンク２の内壁から離して尿素水濃度センサ４を配置することが可能となり、後述の泡沫捕捉フィルタ７の作用により送水管３へ泡沫を混ぜずに尿素水１を送り出すことも可能となるのである。   Here, the urea water concentration sensor 4 does not necessarily have to be mounted in the vicinity of the suction port 3a of the water supply pipe 3, but in this way, the inner wall of the tank 2 is liable to foam due to a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank 2. It is possible to dispose the urea water concentration sensor 4 away from the water, and it is possible to send the urea water 1 to the water supply pipe 3 without mixing the foam by the action of the foam trapping filter 7 described later.

尚、泡沫捕捉フィルタ７にはガラス繊維以外の親水性素材を用いても良いが、この種のガラス繊維は極めて高い親水性を有しているので、捕捉した泡沫を崩して消泡させる作用が強く、しかも、泡沫を機械的に捕捉し得るようなフィルタ構造を成すのに適している。   In addition, although the hydrophilic material other than glass fiber may be used for the foam trapping filter 7, since this type of glass fiber has extremely high hydrophilicity, it has an action of breaking the trapped foam and defoaming it. It is strong and suitable for forming a filter structure that can trap foams mechanically.

而して、この図１に例示しているように、走行振動により水面が波打って泡沫が生じている状態において、タンク２内に生じた泡沫が尿素水濃度センサ４の下側から浮上してきたとしても、この泡沫は泡沫ガード６により行く手を阻まれて該泡沫ガード６を迂回して浮上することになる。   Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the foam generated in the tank 2 floats from the lower side of the urea water concentration sensor 4 in a state where the water surface is undulated by the running vibration and the foam is generated. Even so, this foam is blocked by the foam guard 6 and rises around the foam guard 6.

また、仮に泡沫ガード６の上部の開口から泡沫が内側に入り込んだとしても、尿素水濃度センサ４に到達する前に泡沫捕捉フィルタ７に捕捉され、該泡沫捕捉フィルタ７が親水性の高いガラス繊維で構成されていることから泡沫が崩れて消泡することになる。   Further, even if the foam enters inside from the upper opening of the foam guard 6, it is captured by the foam capturing filter 7 before reaching the urea water concentration sensor 4, and the foam capturing filter 7 is a glass fiber having high hydrophilicity. Because it is composed of, the foam collapses and disappears.

従って、上記形態例によれば、泡沫ガード６により尿素水濃度センサ４へ向け浮上する泡沫の直撃を防止でき、しかも、泡沫捕捉フィルタ７により泡沫を捕捉し且つその泡沫を高い親水性により崩して消泡させることができるので、尿素水濃度センサ４への泡沫の付着を確実に防止することができ、タンク２内における尿素水１の濃度を尿素水濃度センサ４により正確に計測することができる。   Therefore, according to the above embodiment, the foam guard 6 can prevent the foam from rising directly toward the urea water concentration sensor 4, and the foam capture filter 7 captures the foam and breaks the foam due to high hydrophilicity. Since the defoaming can be performed, it is possible to reliably prevent the foam from adhering to the urea water concentration sensor 4, and the concentration of the urea water 1 in the tank 2 can be accurately measured by the urea water concentration sensor 4. .

尚、本発明の尿素水貯蔵装置は、上述の形態例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。   In addition, the urea water storage apparatus of this invention is not limited only to the above-mentioned example, Of course, various changes can be added within the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.

本発明を実施する形態の一例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows an example of the form which implements this invention. 従来例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows a prior art example. タンク内外の温度差により泡沫が生じた状態を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the state which the foam produced by the temperature difference inside and outside a tank. 新たな尿素水の投入により泡沫が生じた状態を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the state which the foam produced by injection | pouring of new urea water. 走行振動により泡沫が生じた状態を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the state which the foam produced by driving | running | working vibration.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 尿素水
２ タンク
３ 送水管
３ａ 吸い込み口
４ 尿素水濃度センサ
５ 給水口
６ 泡沫ガード
７ 泡沫捕捉フィルタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Urea water 2 Tank 3 Water supply pipe 3a Suction port 4 Urea water concentration sensor 5 Water supply port 6 Foam guard 7 Foam capture filter

Claims (3)

ＮＯxを還元浄化するための選択還元型触媒に対し還元剤として添加すべき尿素水の貯蔵装置であって、尿素水を貯蔵するタンク内に尿素水濃度センサを配置し、該尿素水濃度センサの周囲を上部開口の容器状を成す泡沫ガードにより包囲し、該泡沫ガードの内側で親水性素材から成る泡沫捕捉フィルタにより前記尿素水濃度センサを被包したことを特徴とする尿素水貯蔵装置。   A urea water storage device to be added as a reducing agent to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx, wherein a urea water concentration sensor is disposed in a tank for storing urea water, and the urea water concentration sensor A urea water storage device characterized in that the periphery is surrounded by a foam guard having a container shape with an upper opening, and the urea water concentration sensor is encapsulated by a foam trapping filter made of a hydrophilic material inside the foam guard. タンク内に上方から挿し入れられた送水管の吸い込み口の近傍に尿素水濃度センサが装着され、該尿素水濃度センサが前記送水管の吸い込み口と一緒に泡沫捕捉フィルタで被包されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の尿素水貯蔵装置。   A urea water concentration sensor is mounted in the vicinity of the suction port of the water supply pipe inserted from above into the tank, and the urea water concentration sensor is encapsulated with a foam trapping filter together with the suction port of the water supply pipe. The urea water storage device according to claim 1. 泡沫捕捉フィルタの親水性素材がガラス繊維であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の尿素水貯蔵装置。   The urea water storage device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrophilic material of the foam trapping filter is a glass fiber.
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