JP4211200B2 - Synchronous machine with magnet - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a magnet combined type synchronous machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The permanent magnet type synchronous machine has a high output and can be easily downsized as compared with other types of synchronous machines, and is suitable for a synchronous motor using a magnet for a vehicle running motor of a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
[0003]
However, in the magnet combined use synchronous machine for the vehicle running motor, in order to ensure sufficient low-speed torque and prevent an excessive armature winding induced voltage from being applied to the semiconductor drive element of the drive circuit during high-speed rotation, It is necessary to provide means for reducing the magnetic field during high-speed rotation.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-304633, filed by the present applicant, provides a rotor core with a permanent magnet, a short-circuit member that magnetically short-circuits the permanent magnet magnetic pole, and a field coil that controls the amount of magnetic flux of the short-circuit member. The magnetic resistance of the short-circuit magnetic circuit including the short-circuit member is adjusted by energizing the magnetic coil, thereby controlling the effective magnetic field effectively interlinked with the armature winding to adjust the generated voltage of the armature winding. A magnet synchronous machine is proposed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the above-described synchronous magnet synchronous machine is hollowed out on the inner peripheral side of the rotor core made of laminated electromagnetic steel sheets and accommodates the field coils, the utilization rate of expensive electromagnetic steel sheets is poor, and the practicality is increased due to the increase in material costs. It was falling.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a magnet combined type synchronous machine capable of improving the electrical steel sheet utilization rate without deteriorating the power generation voltage excessive rise suppression performance.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synchronous machine including a magnet, a stator core fixed to an inner peripheral surface of the housing, an armature winding wound around the stator core, and a predetermined gap on an inner peripheral surface of the stator core. A cylindrical rotor core that is supported by the housing so as to be relatively rotatable, a permanent magnet that is fixed to the rotor core and that forms a field pole on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, and is inserted into the rotor core in the axial direction so that the permanent A magnetic short-circuit member that magnetically short-circuits a magnetic field formed by a magnet; a field coil that is disposed inside the rotor core and that flows magnetic flux to the magnetic short-circuit member through the field yoke and the rotor core; and the rotor core A magnetic member that is disposed on the inner side of the magnetic core and allows the magnetic flux formed by the field coil to flow through together with the rotor core and the magnetic short-circuit member. The rotor core is formed of a soft magnetic plate spirally wound and laminated in the axial direction, and is interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the field coil and the inner peripheral surface of the stator core, and the short-circuit member is The rotor core is inserted into a through hole for accommodating a short-circuit member extending in the axial direction, and the inner peripheral portion of the rotor core is located on both sides of the field coil and is radially inward toward the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic member. Protruding magnetic convex portions and magnetic concave portions having a magnetic resistance larger than the magnetic convex portions between the magnetic yokes are alternately arranged at the circumferential magnetic pole pitch of the rotor core, and the rotor core One end in the axial direction has the magnetic convex portion and the magnetic concave portion in the circumferentially opposite position with respect to the other end side, and the through hole for accommodating the magnet has a long side of less than 45 degrees with respect to the radial direction. Two cross-sections with a radial cross-section with an angle of inclination The tilt angle of the permanent magnets is characterized in that the magnetic protrusions of the rotor core are formed in the opposite direction relative to the wide and radially from the magnetic recess.
  This inventionAccording to the above, since the rotor core is formed by spirally winding a strip-shaped soft magnetic plate and laminating in the axial direction, it is possible to save the electromagnetic steel sheet normally used as the rotor core and reduce the amount of material used. it can.
[0008]
  Also,The magnetic short-circuit member passing through the spirally wound soft magnetic plate in the axial direction constitutes a magnetic path for magnetically short-circuiting the rotor core in the axial direction, and the spirally wound soft magnetic plate cannot be dispersed in the circumferential direction or the axial direction. Thus, a special pin member for fixing the rotor core having a spiral winding configuration can be omitted.
Further, the inner peripheral portion of the rotor core is located between both sides of the field coil and a magnetic convex portion projecting radially inward toward the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic member, and the field yoke. Magnetic recesses having magnetic reluctance larger than that of the magnetic protrusions are alternately arranged at the circumferential magnetic pole pitch of the rotor core, and one end side in the axial direction of the rotor core is opposite to the other end side, and the magnetic protrusions and A magnetic recess has a circumferentially opposite position, and the magnet housing through-hole has a radial cross-sectional shape having a predetermined inclination angle whose long side is less than 45 degrees with respect to the radial direction. The inclination angle of the permanent magnet is such that the magnetic convex portion of the rotor core is wider than the magnetic concave portion and formed in the opposite direction with respect to the radial direction, so that the current magnetic flux formed by the field coil is the magnet magnetic flux. By flowing in the axial direction of the rotor core independently of the magnetic path of the Can effect of controlling the magnetic flux is prevented from being lowered.
[0009]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the synchronous magnet synchronous machine according to the first aspect, the rotor core is further formed with a slit that connects the through hole for accommodating the short-circuit member and the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core.
[0010]
According to this configuration, the through hole for accommodating the short-circuit member facilitates plastic deformation of the soft magnetic plate for forming the rotor core together with the slit, so that the rotor core can be manufactured easily.
[0011]
According to the configuration of claim 3, in the synchronous magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, the rotor core further includes a magnet housing through-hole penetrating in the axial direction and the magnet housing through-hole. Since the through hole for accommodating the magnet facilitates plastic deformation of the soft magnetic plate for forming the rotor core together with the slit, the rotor core can be manufactured easily.
[0012]
According to the configuration of claim 4, in the synchronous magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the magnet housing through hole has a rectangular cross-sectional shape in which a pair of sides extend in a substantially radial direction, The magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is formed on both end surfaces in the circumferential direction, and the two permanent magnets adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are magnetized in opposite directions.
[0013]
According to this configuration, since the magnet housing through-hole has a rectangular cross section, the soft magnetic plate can be easily plastically deformed, and the magnet magnetic flux can be increased.
[0014]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in the synchronous magnet synchronous machine according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core is located at a radially outer portion of the magnet insertion hole and is recessed radially inward. And having a connection portion where thin plate portions adjacent to each other in the stacking direction of the soft magnetic plates are welded together, so that leakage of magnet magnetic flux can be reduced and the strength of the rotor core can be enhanced. Can do.
[0015]
In particular, since the rotor core is recessed radially inward at this connecting portion, it is possible to absorb the bulge caused by the welding and to reduce magnetic leakage to the stator core through the connecting portion, and further by welding heat. The leakage magnet magnetic flux which passes through a connection part in the circumferential direction can be reduced by degrading the magnetic characteristic of this connection part.
[0019]
  Claim6According to the described configuration, claims 1 to5The magnetic member synchronous machine further includes a field yoke fixed to the inner end wall of the housing and having an outer peripheral surface facing the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core with a predetermined gap therebetween. It is characterized by that.
[0020]
As a result, the rotational mass can be reduced to improve the acceleration performance, and the power feeding path to the field coil can have a simple structure.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to examples.
[0022]
[Example 1]
The synchronous magnet synchronous machine described in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Description of overall structure)
The rotating machine 1000 includes a stator 1100 and a rotor 1200, and the stator 1100 is fixed to the inner peripheral surfaces of the front frame 1910 and the end frame 1911.
[0023]
The rotor 1200 is supported on the front frame 1910 and the end frame 1911 via bearings 1920 and 1921, and the outer peripheral surface thereof faces the inner peripheral surface of the stator 1100 via an air gap. Reference numeral 1930 denotes a resolver rotor for measuring the rotational position of the rotor 1200, and reference numeral 1931 denotes a resolver stator.
[0024]
The stator 1100 is formed by winding a three-phase coil 1110 around a stator core 1120 formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates in the axial direction. The stator core 1120 has a slot 1121, a tooth 1122 and a core back 1123 into which the three-phase coil 1110 is inserted. is doing.
[0025]
The rotor 1200 includes a rotor core 1210 made of an electromagnetic steel plate and a rotor yoke 1270 made of a soft magnetic iron core.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 2 (a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 1), the rotor core 1210 is formed in a cylindrical shape by spirally winding electromagnetic thin steel sheets and stacking them in the axial direction. The rotor core 1210 penetrates in the axial direction between a rectangular magnet insertion hole (magnet accommodating through hole) 1211 that is penetrated in the axial direction at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and two adjacent magnet insertion holes 1211. A round hole (short-circuit member accommodating through hole) 1212 is provided. A magnetic convex portion 1250 in which a magnetic flux from a field yoke 1232 (described later) easily passes and a magnetic concave portion 1251 in which the magnetic flux from a field yoke 1232 which will be described later hardly passes are alternately formed on the inner peripheral portion of the rotor core 1210 for each magnetic pole pitch. Concave and convex portions are formed. The magnetic convex portion 1250 has a slit 1252 that is formed in the radial direction and communicates the round hole 1212 and the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210.
[0027]
FIG. 8 shows a developed shape of the rotor core 1210, that is, a shape before spiral winding of a long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet. The rotor core 1210 in the unfolded state (before spiral winding) is formed with a magnet insertion hole 1211, a round hole 1212, and a slit 1252 by press punching. Each of the magnet insertion holes 1211, the round holes 1212, and the slits 1252 are formed so as to be aligned in a straight line in the axial direction after being rolled up.
[0028]
A magnet 1280 is press-fitted (or fitted) into the magnet insertion hole 1211 and a magnetic pin (magnetic short-circuit member) 1281 made of a soft magnetic material is press-fitted (or fitted) into the round hole 1212. The magnetic pin 1281 prevents the long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet spirally wound from returning in the circumferential direction and from being scattered in the axial direction.
[0029]
The rotor core 1210 before spiral winding, that is, the slit 1252 of the long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet has a shape in which the slit width becomes wider toward the inner periphery, whereby the slit width of the slit 1252 after spiral winding is Each part is very small. Thereby, the magnetic resistance of the rotor core 1210 with respect to the field magnetic flux can be reduced. The formation of the slit 1252 facilitates spiral winding of the long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet. However, in this embodiment, since the slit 1252 is provided at the position of the round hole 1212, the round hole 1212 is also the slit 1252. Can substantially serve as a slit, and the spiral winding of the long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel sheet can be further facilitated.
[0030]
The magnetic convex portion 1250 is provided between the two magnet insertion holes 1211 on both sides in the circumferential direction adjacent to the inner peripheral side of every other circular hole 1212 in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic concave portion 1251 includes other round holes. Adjacent to the inner peripheral side of 1212, it is provided between two magnet insertion holes 1211 on both sides in the circumferential direction.
[0031]
In this embodiment, the slit 1252 is provided in the magnetic convex portion 1250, thereby facilitating plastic deformation for spiral winding of the magnetic convex portion 1250. Of course, a slit 1252 may be provided in the magnetic recess 1250. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic convex portion 1250 and the magnetic concave portion 1251 are formed by reversing the positions of the front half portion and the rear half portion of the rotor core 1210 in the axial direction.
[0032]
The magnet 1280 inserted in each magnet insertion hole 1211 in the axial direction is magnetized in the thickness direction, that is, substantially in the axial direction, and the two magnets 1280 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction have magnetic poles having end faces facing each other of the same polarity. It is a surface.
[0033]
The magnetic pin (soft magnetic pin) 1281 has a flange portion having a diameter larger than that of the round hole 1212 at the base end portion, and after press-fitting, the distal end member of the soft magnetic pin 1281 is spread and spirally wound. A rotor core 1210 made of a long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel plate is fixed in the axial direction. Further, every other magnetic pin 1281 fixes the rotor core 1210 to the rotor yoke 1270.
[0034]
The rotor core 1210 has a recessed portion that is recessed radially inward as shown in FIG. 8 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 12 and the outer diameter end of the magnet insertion hole 1211. Are formed in the axial direction. This recessed portion secures a large gap between the outer peripheral surface of the magnet 1280 and the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 1120, and the magnetic flux of the magnet 1280 does not sufficiently interlink with the armature winding 1110 and becomes a leakage magnetic flux. It is deterring. Further, the recessed portion narrows the circumferential magnetic path of the rotor core 1210 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210 and the outer diameter end of the magnet insertion hole 1211 to reduce the leakage magnetic flux of the magnet 1280. Further, this recessed portion is laser-welded in the axial direction from the outer peripheral surface side of the rotor core 1210, and thereby, the layers of the long strip-shaped electromagnetic steel plates constituting the rotor core 1210 are integrated by spiral winding. At the same time, the magnetic characteristics of the recessed portion are deteriorated to reduce the leakage magnetic flux flowing in the circumferential direction through this portion.
[0035]
The rotor yoke 1270 is formed by forging a soft magnetic core as shown in FIG. 3 which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line P in FIGS. The rotor yoke 1270 is a flange member including a disk portion 1271 extending in the radial direction and a boss portion 1272 extending from the inner peripheral end of the disk portion 1271 to the rear side. The number of ribs 1273 is half the number of the magnet insertion holes 1211 projecting radially outward from the outer peripheral edge of the plate portion 1271. The rib 1273 has a round hole 1278 formed with the same diameter at the same position as the round hole 1212 (see FIG. 2) in the rear half of the rotor yoke 1270 in the axial direction. A soft magnetic pin (magnetic pin) 1281 penetrating through the round hole 1212 of the rotor yoke 1270 is press-fitted into the round hole 1278 of the rib 1273, whereby the rotor core 1210 is fixed to the rotor yoke 1270. Reference numeral 1240 denotes a shaft having a spline 1241, which is press-fitted into the boss portion 1272 so as not to be relatively rotatable.
[0036]
Reference numeral 1274 denotes a flange-shaped field core (stationary yoke) made of a soft magnetic material, and the disk portion is fixed to the end wall portion of the end frame 1911 with screws 1940. The inner peripheral surface of the boss portion of the field core 1274 is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 1272 of the rotor yoke 1270 so as to be relatively rotatable with a small gap therebetween, and protrudes in the axial direction into a space existing on the inner diameter side of the rotor core 1210. ing. A field winding 1230 is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion of the field core 1274, and field flux is guided to the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210 on both sides in the axial direction of the field winding 1230. A field yoke 1232 made of laminated electromagnetic steel sheets is fitted by press fitting.
[0037]
Reference numeral 1350 denotes a lead portion 1350 for supplying power to the field winding 1230 from the outside.
[0038]
The three-phase coil 1110 of the rotating electrical machine 1000 is supplied with power from the battery 300 through the direct-current power converter (inverter) 200. The field current flowing in the field coil 1230 is supplied from the field current control circuit 400 through the lead wire 1350, and the resolver stator 1931 is output to the signal processing circuit 500, and the inverter 200, the field current control circuit 400, and the signal processing. The circuit 500 is controlled by the control circuit 600.
(Description of magnetic circuit)
Next, the magnetic field formed by the magnet 1280 and the current magnetic field formed by the current of the field coil 1230 will be described below. The particularly important point is that the magnetic convex portion 1250 in the first half in the axial direction of the rotor core 1210 and the magnetic convex portion 1250 in the second half in the axial direction are shifted by one magnetic pole pitch in the circumferential direction as already described. .
[0039]
The magnet 1280 magnetized in the thickness direction (substantially circumferential direction) forms S magnetic poles and N magnetic poles alternately on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210 in the circumferential direction. The magnetic flux emitted from the S magnetic pole becomes an effective magnetic flux that links with the armature winding 1110 in the stator core 1120 through the air gap with the stator core 1120 and returns to the rotor core 1210 through the air gap.
[0040]
Further, the magnetic flux emitted from the S magnetic pole of the magnet 1280 includes the soft magnetic pin 1281 of the S magnetic pole portion of the rotor core 1210, the rib portion 1273 of the rotor yoke 1270, the disc portion 1271, the boss portion 1272, and the boss portion of the field core 1274. The magnetic field returns to the N magnetic pole of the magnet 1280 through the field yoke 1232, the magnetic convex portion 1250 in the rear half of the axial direction of the rotor core 1210, and the N magnetic pole side soft magnetic body pin 1281, thereby forming a short circuit magnetic circuit.
[0041]
Further, the magnet magnetic flux emitted from the S magnetic pole of the magnet 1280 includes a soft magnetic pin 1281 at the S magnetic pole portion of the rotor core 1210, a magnetic convex portion 1250 in the first half in the axial direction of the rotor core 1210, and a field yoke 1232 (front in the axial direction). ), The boss portion of the field core 1274, the field yoke 1232 (rear portion in the axial direction), the magnetic convex portion 1250 in the rear half portion in the axial direction of the rotor core 1210, and the N magnetic pole of the magnet 1280 through the N magnetic pole side soft magnetic pin 1281. Thus, a short-circuit magnetic circuit substantially parallel to the short-circuit magnetic circuit is formed.
[0042]
Naturally, the effective magnetic flux interlinking with the armature winding 1110 of the stator 1100 is reduced by the magnetic flux flowing through the short-circuit magnetic circuit.
[0043]
Since both the short-circuit magnetic circuits are also linked to the field coil 1230, the amount of magnetic flux that is changed from the magnet magnetic field to the short-circuit magnetic circuit can be controlled by the current supplied to the field coil 1230.
[0044]
An equivalent magnetic circuit of this rotating electric machine is shown in FIG.
[0045]
The magnetic resistance on the stator 1100 side is Rs, the magnetic resistance of the air gap is Rg, and the magnetic resistance of the magnet part is Rm. Rm is the magnetic resistance on the rotor side of the magnetic circuit through which the effective magnetic flux flows. Of the magnetic resistance of the short-circuit magnetic circuit, if Rr is a magnetic resistance (short-circuit magnetic resistance) excluding Rm, the magnetomotive force of the magnet is Fm, and the magnetomotive force of the field winding is Fc, the effective magnetic flux flowing to the stator 1100 side Φ1 can be expressed by the following equation.
[0046]
Φ1 = (RmFc + RrFm) / (RrRm + Rm (Rg + Rs) + (Rg + Rs) Rr)
Φ2 is a short-circuit magnetic flux amount. The effective magnetic flux amount Φ1 can be arbitrarily set by setting each parameter. For example, when the current is not passed through the field winding 1230 (Fc = 0), the effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 is
Φ10 = RrFm / (RrRm + Rm (Rg + Rs) + (Rg + Rs) Rr)
Thus, when the short-circuit magnetic resistance Rr is small, Φ10 is almost zero. The short-circuit magnetic resistance Rr is determined by the magnetic resistance of the soft magnetic pin 1281, the rib portion 1223, the cylindrical iron core 1231, and the joint portion of each member. Therefore, by setting the cross-sectional area and length of each portion, the field magnet The effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 when no current flows through the winding 1230 can be set. Here, the magnetic material that is set in the linear region (region of 0 to Φ ′ shown in FIG. 5) of the BH characteristic of the magnetic material constituting the magnetic path through which the effective magnetic flux flows, and the effective magnetic flux amount Φ1 constitutes the magnetic path. Do not reach the magnetic saturation region.
[0047]
When the field winding 1230 is energized, a magnetic flux amount Φ1c corresponding to the field winding magnetomotive force Fc is formed.
[0048]
Φ1c = RmFc / (RrRm + Rm (Rg + Rs) + (Rs + Rs) Rr)
As a result, the effective magnetic flux amount Φ1 is
Φ1 = Φ10 + Φ1c
Thus, the effective magnetic flux amount can be adjusted by the field winding current. Note that the magnetic flux amount Φ1c can be considered to reduce the magnetic flux amount leaking to the short-circuit magnetic circuit.
[0049]
(Example effect)
The above-described synchronous magnet synchronous machine is particularly suitable as a traveling motor for a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
[0050]
This type of traveling motor is used in a wide rotational speed range according to the rotational speed of the wheel. In a low rotation range where field-weakening control is not required, the energization current to the field winding 1230 is increased to increase the effective magnetic flux amount Φ1. Since the torque generated by the motor is proportional to the effective magnetic flux amount Φ1 and the torque current, the armature current supplied to the armature winding 1110 can be reduced by increasing the effective magnetic flux amount Φ1.
[0051]
Since the reaction-induced voltage exceeds the applied voltage, in the high rotation range where field weakening control is required for motor driving, the energization current to the field winding 1230 is set to zero and the magnetic flux is shunted to the short-circuit magnetic path to the maximum. The field weakening current flowing through the child winding can be reduced or zero. Thereby, since the maximum armature current can be reduced, heat generation in the winding part can be suppressed, the rotating machine can be downsized, and the semiconductor switching element of the power converter 200 can be downsized.
[0052]
Since the copper loss of the field coil 1230 is small compared to the copper loss of the armature winding 1110, the field weakening due to the field current described in this embodiment is compared with that of the conventional armature current. Increase efficiency.
[0053]
Further, since the effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 when the field winding magnetomotive force Fc = 0 is set in the linear region of the BH characteristic of the magnetic material constituting the effective magnetic path, the reaction-induced voltage caused by the effective magnetic flux amount Φ10 is set. When it is necessary to drive the motor in a high rotation range where is equal to or higher than the applied voltage, the armature current necessary for field weakening from the armature winding 1110 can be minimized.
[0054]
Referring to FIG. 5, when the effective magnetic flux is reduced from Φo to Φ ′ by the armature current, if the required AT is ATa when the BH curve is linear and the required AT when it is non-linear is ATb, then ATa < Since ATb, the armature current can be reduced in proportion to the difference.
[0055]
Further, FIG. 6 shows an efficiency map on the TN (torque-rotational speed) characteristic when the conventional permanent magnet type rotary electric machine is operated as a motor and a field weakening current is supplied to the armature winding for control. FIG. 7 shows an efficiency map on the TN characteristic when the rotating electrical machine of this embodiment is driven by the above control method. As can be seen from the comparison of both figures, the maximum efficiency range on the efficiency map is expanded.
[0056]
When the rotating electric machine of this embodiment is operated as a generator, if Φ10 is set to the level of a vehicle load, and the field winding is energized only when a higher output is required, the field The copper loss of the winding can be reduced, and highly efficient power generation is possible.
[0057]
In addition, in the past, there are salient pole type synchronous machines and claw ball type synchronous machines as synchronous rotating machines that can control the field from the rotor, both of which obtain effective magnetic flux only by field windings. Compared with the rotating electrical machine of this embodiment that can compensate the necessary minimum effective magnetic flux (short-circuit magnetic flux elimination) with the field winding, the energization current to the field winding is large, and the field coil There are problems such as an increase in size and a large resistance loss of the field coil. Since the rotor-wrapped field coil is inferior to the armature winding in terms of cooling, the use of this embodiment makes it possible to reduce the field coil loss and heat generation.
[0058]
[Example 2]
Another embodiment of the synchronous magnet synchronous machine of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0059]
In the combined magnet synchronous machine of this embodiment, the magnet insertion hole 1211 also has a slit 1253 communicating with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210. A second hole (corresponding to the round hole 1212 of the first embodiment) 1214 for fitting a prismatic magnetic pin (not shown) also has openings 1254 and 1255 communicating with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210. The holes 1211 and 1214 and the openings 1253, 1254, and 1255 are the same as the slits of the first embodiment in that the opening width is increased toward the inner peripheral surface when the core is unfolded (before spiral winding). When the rotor core 1210 is spirally wound, the opening width of the opening 1254 located at the magnetic convex portion is narrowed, and the opening width of the opening 1255 located at the magnetic concave portion is widened. Reference numeral 1261 denotes a protrusion protruding in the circumferential direction at the opening 1253 in order to prevent the magnet from separating inward. Reference numeral 1262 denotes hook portions provided on both sides of the wide opening 1255, which prevents the rotor core 1210 from being displaced or decentered radially outward by abutting against a prismatic magnetic pin 1281 (not shown). Yes. Thus, by making the magnetic pin into a prismatic shape, it is possible to increase the magnetic path cross-sectional area of the magnetic pin, reduce its magnetic resistance, and increase the amount of magnetic flux of the field coil. Further, the magnetic pin may have a prismatic shape at a portion where the magnetic pin is inserted into the rotor core 1210 and a cylindrical shape at a portion where the magnetic pin is inserted into the rotor yoke 1270. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, by providing openings 1253 and 1254 communicating with the magnet insertion hole 1211 and the magnetic pin insertion hole 1214 on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210, it is easy to mount the magnet and the magnetic pin. . Further, by providing the openings 1253 and 1254, the residual stress with the plastic deformation press-fitting of the electromagnetic steel sheet can be relieved and the magnetic characteristics can be improved.
[0060]
[Example 3]
Another embodiment of a synchronous machine with a magnet according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0061]
The magnet combined type synchronous machine of this embodiment is characterized in that the long side of the magnet insertion hole 1211 of the rotor core 1210 has a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the normal extending radially from the axis of the rotor core 1210.
[0062]
The electromagnetic steel plate constituting the rotor core 1210 has a long strip shape, and the long side direction of the magnet insertion hole 1211 has an inclination angle θ with respect to the normal extending radially from the axis of the rotor core 1210. An opening 1253 communicating with the inner peripheral surface is provided. A second hole (corresponding to the round hole in the first embodiment) 1212 into which the magnetic pin 1281 is press-fitted also has an opening 1252 communicating with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 1210. Further, when the core is unfolded, the openings 1252 and 1253 are widened toward the inner periphery so that a desired opening width is obtained when the openings are wound in an annular shape. Reference numeral 1261 denotes a protrusion that prevents the magnet from separating in the inner circumferential direction.
[0063]
In this embodiment, since the magnet is inclined as described above, if the magnetic convex portion 1250 of the rotor is made wider than the magnetic concave portion 1251 so that the magnetic flux from the field yoke 1232 can easily pass, Can concentrate better. In addition, although a magnet may be magnetized after mounting | wearing with the magnet insertion hole 1211, and may be magnetized before it, productivity of the former improves.
[0064]
Further, since the magnet can be divided and disposed in the first half of the rotor core 1210 and the second half in the axial direction, the circumferential pitch in the portion outside the diameter of the magnet insertion hole 1211 is set to the first half and the second half in the axial direction. Thus, the spatial distribution waveform of the composite magnetic flux can be adjusted so that the torque ripple or the like becomes small.
[0065]
In the embodiment described above, the field winding for controlling the effective magnetic flux is provided in the empty space inside the diameter of the embedded magnet type rotor, so that the control that maximizes the efficiency in the entire rotational speed region of the rotating machine can be performed. It becomes possible. Moreover, since it is comprised with the magnetic steel plate which wound the magnetic pole spirally, it is excellent in centrifugal force resistance and can also reduce an iron loss.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a synchronous motor with a magnet according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG.
3 is a side view of the rotor of FIG. 1 as viewed in the direction of arrow P. FIG.
4 is an equivalent magnetic circuit diagram of the synchronous machine of FIG. 1;
5 is a BH characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a magnetic flux density and a magnetic field of a magnetic material used in the synchronous machine shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between torque and rotational speed of a conventional permanent magnet type synchronous machine.
7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between torque and rotational speed of the synchronous machine with a magnet shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a rotor core shape according to the first embodiment, where FIG. 8A is a development view, and FIG. 8B is a partial side view after spiral winding.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing a rotor core shape of Example 2, wherein FIG. 9A is a development view, and FIG. 9B is a partial side view after spiral winding.
10A and 10B are views showing a rotor core shape of Example 3, wherein FIG. 10A is a development view, and FIG. 10B is a partial side view after spiral winding.
[Explanation of symbols]
1000 Rotating electric machine
1100 Stator
1120 Stator core
1200 rotor
1230 Field winding
1211 Magnet insertion hole (through hole for accommodating magnet)
1212 round hole (through hole for short circuit member accommodation)
1270 Rotor yoke (magnetic member)
1280 magnet (permanent magnet)
1281 Soft magnetic pin (magnetic short-circuit member)
1910 Front frame (housing)
1911 End frame (housing)
1110 Armature winding
1232 Field yoke (magnetic member)
1274 Field core (magnetic member)

Claims (6)

A housing;
A stator core fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing;
An armature winding wound around the stator core;
A cylindrical rotor core that is rotatably supported by the housing with a predetermined gap on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core;
A permanent magnet fixed to the rotor core and forming a field pole on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core;
A magnetic short-circuit member that is magnetically short-circuited with a magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet inserted in the rotor core in the axial direction;
A field coil disposed inside the rotor core and flowing a magnetic flux to the magnetic short-circuit member through the field yoke and the rotor core;
A magnetic member disposed inside the rotor core and allowing the magnetic flux formed by the field coil together with the rotor core and the magnetic short-circuit member to flow through;
With
The rotor core is formed of a soft magnetic plate that is spirally wound and laminated in the axial direction, and is interposed between an outer peripheral surface of the field coil and an inner peripheral surface of the stator core,
The short-circuit member is inserted through a through-hole for accommodating a short-circuit member that is provided in the rotor core in an axial direction ,
The inner peripheral portion of the rotor core is located between both sides of the field coil, and has a magnetic resistance between the magnetic projections projecting inwardly toward the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic member and the field yoke. Alternately having magnetic recesses larger than the magnetic protrusions at the circumferential magnetic pole pitch of the rotor core,
One end side in the axial direction of the rotor core has the magnetic convex portion and the magnetic concave portion in the circumferentially opposite position with respect to the other end side,
The magnet housing through-hole has a radial cross-sectional shape with a long side having an inclination angle of less than 45 degrees with respect to the radial direction,
The combined magnet synchronous machine characterized in that the inclination angle of the two adjacent permanent magnets is such that the magnetic convex portion of the rotor core is wider than the magnetic concave portion and is opposite to the radial direction. . In the synchronous machine with a magnet according to claim 1,
The said rotor core has a slit which connects the said through-hole for accommodating a short circuit member, and the internal peripheral surface of the said rotor core, The combined magnet synchronous machine characterized by the above-mentioned. In the magnet combined type synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2,
The rotor core has a magnet housing through-hole penetrating in the axial direction, and a slit that communicates the magnet housing through-hole with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core. The synchronous magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The magnet housing through-hole has a rectangular cross-sectional shape with a pair of sides extending in a substantially radial direction of the rotor core,
The magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet is formed on both circumferential end surfaces,
2. A combined magnet synchronous machine characterized in that end surfaces facing each other of two permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction are magnetic pole surfaces of the same polarity. In the synchronous magnet synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The outer peripheral surface of the rotor core is located at a portion on the outer diameter side of the magnet insertion hole, and is recessed on the inner diameter side. A magnet combined use synchronous machine characterized by having . In the magnet combined type synchronous machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
The magnetic synchronous machine according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic member has a field yoke fixed to the inner end wall of the housing and having an outer peripheral surface facing the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core with a predetermined gap therebetween.

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