JP4211013B2 - Air conditioner for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Air conditioner for railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4211013B2
JP4211013B2 JP21298097A JP21298097A JP4211013B2 JP 4211013 B2 JP4211013 B2 JP 4211013B2 JP 21298097 A JP21298097 A JP 21298097A JP 21298097 A JP21298097 A JP 21298097A JP 4211013 B2 JP4211013 B2 JP 4211013B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
air
indoor heat
temperature
refrigerant cycle
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JP21298097A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1148970A (en
Inventor
圭二 吉村
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、鉄道車両用空気調和装置において、特に車内循環風量の低減を可能となるように構成した鉄道車両用空気調和装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図5は、従来の鉄道車両用空気調和装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。
1は空気調和装置の室外ユニット部で、内部に室外送風機と、No.1、No.2、No.3の各冷媒サイクル用の室外熱交換器及び圧縮機を内蔵している。2は空気調和装置の室内ユニット部で、室内送風機及びNo.1、No.2、No.3の各冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器を内蔵している。
3は車内空気吸込ダクト、4は換気用ダクトである。
5は室内熱交換器で、No.1冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器5a、No.2冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器5b、No.3冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器5cで構成されている。また、それぞれの冷媒サイクルは、各冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器5a、5b、5cと、室外ユニット部1内部の各冷媒サイクル用の室外熱交換器及び圧縮機により構成されている。
6は暖房用の電気ヒータ、7は室内送風機である。
8は混合空気吹出ダクトである。
9は車体に設置されている車内リターン口温度を測定する温度センサー、10は車体に設置されている外気温度を測定する温度センサーである。
【0003】
このような従来の空気調和機において、室内送風機7の作用により、車内空気吸込ダクト3を介して車内の空気、換気用ダクト4を介して車外の空気が、室内ユニット部2に吸い込まれて混合される。
混合された空気は、室内熱交換器5、電気ヒータ6を通過する。このとき、混合空気は、冷房運転であれば室内熱交換器5により冷却され、暖房運転であれば電気ヒータ6により加熱される。
冷却もしくは加熱された混合空気は、室内送風機7の作用により、混合空気吹出ダクト8を介して車内に吹き出される。
【0004】
また、冷房運転時においては、混合空気の冷房負荷に応じて、運転する圧縮機の台数を増減している。このとき、運転する圧縮機は、稼働率が均一化するように決定している。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図5の従来の鉄道車両用空気調和装置では、混合空気が室内熱交換器5を通過するとき、室内熱交換器5を構成するNo.1サイクル用熱交換器部5a、No.2サイクル用熱交換器5b、No.3サイクル用熱交換器5cに混合空気がそれぞれ分配される。このとき、冷房負荷の減少により圧縮機の運転台数が2台以下に減少した場合、停止した冷媒サイクルの熱交換器を通過する混合空気は冷房に寄与しないため、混合空気量が冷房能力に対して過剰に必要となる。混合空気量が増大すると車体ダクトの圧力損失も大きくなるため、室内送風機7の静圧特性を大きくする必要が有り、これに伴い、室内送風機7の騒音が大きくなるという問題が生じる。
【0006】
また、空気調和の換気負荷が高い時に使用する換気空気専用圧縮機を設けて室内熱交換器5を換気空気専用と車内空気用に分離して配置すると、車体側の空調ダクト構成が複雑になり、従来の車体側の空調ダクト構成では使用できなくなる上、換気空気専用熱交換器に換気空気が直接導かれるため、外気温度の影響を直接受けることにより換気空気専用圧縮機の運転可能範囲が狭くなり、設計上または制御上の制限が生じるといった問題点が有る。
【0007】
この発明は、上述のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、第1の目的は、必要とする混合空気量が少ない空気調和装置を得ることである。
【0008】
また、第2の目的は、圧縮機における液圧縮の防止策を講じた構成の室内熱交換器を持つ、空気調和装置を得ることである。
【0009】
更に、第3の目的は、圧縮機における液圧縮を防止しつつ、負荷に応じて広範囲な空調条件に対応できる空気調和装置を得ることである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の第1の発明に係る空気調和装置は、上記のような問題点を解決するために、室内熱交換器に風上側から風下側へ独立した複数の冷媒サイクルを配置し、風上側に配置された冷媒サイクルの室内熱交換器を通った混合空気を、風下に配置された冷媒サイクルの室内熱交換器を通すようにして、車内リターン口温度を測定する温度センサーと、車外温度を測定する温度センサーと、換気空気温度を測定する温度センサーと、混合空気温度を測定する温度センサーと、室内熱交換器出口温度を測定する温度センサーとを備え、これらの温度センサーの情報を基に、風上側の室内熱交換器の冷却効果により風下側に室内熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルの圧縮機に冷媒が液体のまま戻らないように、換気空気温度を監視しつつ、制御装置の指令により、冷房負荷に応じて、運転する冷媒サイクルを選定することを特徴とする。
【0011】
この発明の第2の発明に係る空気調和装置は、風上側の室内熱交換器と風下側の室内熱交換器を混合空気の流れ方向に分離独立して設けたことを特徴とする。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施の形態1.
この発明の実施の形態1を図1について説明する。図1に示す車両用空気調和装置は、換気空気と車内循環空気との混合空気温度が高くなった時に運転する専用の圧縮機を持っており、また、その圧縮機が属するNo.1冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5aを室内交換器5の中で配管配列上風上に設置し、その他の2個の圧縮機が属するNo.2冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5b及びNo.3冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5cを風下に設置したものである。そこで、風上に設置したNo.1冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5aを通過した混合空気は全て風下に設置したNo.2冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器部5b及びNo.3冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5cに分配され、これらを通過する。
【0014】
また、換気空気と車内循環空気との混合空気の温度が高くなっていることを検知するために、換気空気温度を測定する温度センサー11、混合空気温度を測定する温度センサー12及び室内熱交換器出口温度を測定する温度センサー13を空気調和装置内に設け、従来から車体に設置されている車内リターン口温度を測定する温度センサー9、外気温度を測定する温度センサー10、及びその他のセンサーからの情報を基に制御装置で空気調和装置の負荷状態の演算を行い圧縮機の運転制御を行うようにしている。
その他の構成は、前記の従来の技術の記載と同様であり、対応するものには同じ番号を付け、説明を省略する。
【0015】
次に、本実施の形態の動作を説明する。
車内循環空気温度が高く、外気温度、混合空気温度及び室内熱交換器出口温度から見ても室内熱交換器に対する冷房負荷が充分な場合は、No.1、No.2、No.3の全ての冷媒サイクルの圧縮機が運転される。
【0016】
また、冷媒サイクル3系統の内2系統で充分な冷房負荷の場合や、車内循環空気温度、外気温度、混合空気温度及び室内熱交換器出口温度より、風上側の熱交換器5aが属するNo.1冷媒サイクルを運転すると、運転中の、風下側に熱交換器5bを持つNo.2、熱交換器5cを持つNo.3の冷媒サイクルの液の状態のまま圧縮機に戻り、液圧縮を起こして破損する可能性がある場合は、No.1冷媒サイクルの圧縮機を停止し、No.2及びNo.3冷媒サイクルを運転する。
【0017】
冷房負荷が小さく、冷媒サイクル3系統の内1系統で充分な場合には、風下側に室内熱交換器を持つNo.2及びNo.3冷媒サイクルを停止して、風上側に室内熱交換器を持つNo.1冷媒サイクルのみ運転することが可能であり、更に、No.1冷媒サイクルをヒ−トポンプとして製作し、この冷媒サイクルを換気用の暖房に活用することも可能である。
【0018】
従って、本実施の形態では、冷房運転時に室内熱交換器を通る混合空気は全て冷房されることになり、冷房されないで室内熱交換器を通る混合空気をなくすことができ、その分、混合空気量を減らすことができる。
【0019】
いいかえれば、No.2及びNo.3冷媒サイクルがそれぞれ冷房能力を充分に発揮するためにNo.2冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5bとNo.3冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5cが必要とする風量の合計分確保すれば、No.1冷媒サイクル用熱交換器5aが必要とする風量も確保できるので、この空気調和装置が冷房能力を充分に発揮するために必要とする混合空気量は、図5の従来の空気調和装置の一例と比較すると、No.1冷媒サイクル用熱交換器5aが必要とする風量分、低減できる。
【0020】
また、従来は、換気装置の静圧が高い場合、換気空気は外気温度から10度C程度上昇するので、室内熱交換器へ導入される換気空気と車内循環空気との混合空気の温度が高くなり、冷媒サイクルの低圧圧力が上がりすぎる状態となっていたが、この実施の形態では、No.1冷媒サイクルを混合空気温度が高くなった時に運転する専用の冷媒サイクルとし、風上側のNo.1冷媒サイクル用熱交換器5aにより一度冷却され温度が低下した混合空気を風下側の熱交換器5b及び5cに流すため、No2及びNo3冷媒サイクルの低圧圧力の上昇を抑えることができる。
更に、風上側の熱交換器5aが属するNo.1冷媒サイクルにとっては、従来は混合空気風量の一部しか利用できなかったものが、全風量利用できると共に、混合空気温度が高くなった時に運転する専用の冷媒サイクルとして設計することで、低圧圧力の上昇を抑えることができるという効果がある。
【0021】
この実施の形態では、風上側の室内熱交換器は冷媒サイクル1系統分であるが、2系統以上であっても、同様の効果が得られる。
また、この実施の形態では、風下側の室内熱交換器は冷媒サイクル2系統分であるが、1系統もしくは3系統以上であっても、同様の効果が得られる。
更に、この実施の形態では、風上側と風下側の2段構成となっているが、3段以上の構成であっても、同様の効果が得られる。
要するに、冷房運転を風上側室内熱交換器部、風下側熱交換器部単位に行うとともに、風上に設置した室内熱交換器部を通過した空気は、全て風下側に設置した室内熱交換器部を通過し、従って、冷房運転時に室内熱交換器を通る混合空気は、全て冷房されることとなり、冷房されないで室内熱交換器を通る混合空気をなくすことができればよい。
【0022】
また、この実施の形態では、暖房を電気ヒータで対応しているが、冷媒サイクルをヒートポンプとして製作し、冷媒サイクルを暖房として使用した場合にも、同様の効果が得られる。
【0023】
更に、この実施の形態では、圧縮機の制御はON−OFF制御としているが、インバータ制御でも良く、より広範囲で細密な空調条件に対応できる空気調和装置を得ることができる。
【0024】
この発明の実施の形態1の変形例を図2について説明する。室内熱交換器5の中で配管配列上風上全面に設置しなくても、図2に示すように、No.1冷媒サイクル用熱交換器5aを部分的に、但し、ほぼ前面に、室内熱交換器5の中で配管配列上風上側に設置する事でも、同様の効果を得ることができる。
【0025】
実施の形態2.
実施の形態2を図3について説明する。図3に示す車両用空調装置では、風上側の熱交換器5aを風下側熱交換器5から分離独立させて2つの室内熱交換器で構成し、風上側の室内熱交換器5aを換気空気と車内循環空気との混合空気温度が高くなった時に運転する専用の圧縮機が属するNo.1冷媒サイクル用とし、風下側の室内熱交換器5をその他の2個の圧縮機が属するNo.2、No.3冷媒サイクル用としても、混合空気量を減らすことができるとともに、No.1、No.2、No.3冷媒サイクルを運転した場合、風下側の室内熱交換器を有するNo.2、No.3冷媒サイクルの圧縮機で液圧縮が発生するのを防止できるという効果が得られる。
【0026】
この発明の実施形態2の変形例を図4について説明する。風上側の室内熱交換器5aを風上側全面に設置しなくとも、ほぼ前面であれば、No.1冷媒サイクル用室内熱交換器5aを小型化して風下側熱交換器5の風上側に設置する事でも同様の効果を得ることができる。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
この発明の第1の発明に係る鉄道車両用空気調和装置において、空調運転時に運転する冷媒サイクルを選択することにより空調能力を可変とできると共に、空調運転時に室内熱交換器を通る混合空気はほとんど全て空調することが可能となり、空調されないで室内熱交換器を通る混合空気をほとんど無くすことができ、その分、混合空気量を減らすことができるという効果が有る。
【0028】
この発明の第2の発明に係る鉄道車両用空気調和装置において、風上側の室内熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルと、これと隣接した風下側の室内熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルの両者を運転した場合、風下側の室内熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルの圧縮機で液圧縮が発生するのを防止できるという効果が有る。
【0029】
この発明の第3の発明に係る鉄道車両用空気調和装置において、圧縮機における液圧縮を防止すると共に、負荷に応じた広範囲な空調条件が得られるという効果が有る。
また、風上側に熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルを混合空気の温度が高くなった時に運転する専用の冷媒サイクルとすることにより、風上側に熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルのみならず、風下側に熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルにおいても低圧圧力の上昇を抑えることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 この発明の実施の形態1による鉄道車両用空気調和装置を示す室内ユニット部側面断面図である。
【図2】 この発明の実施の形態1の変形例による鉄道車両用空気調和装置を示す室内ユニット部側面断面図である。
【図3】 この発明の実施の形態2による鉄道車両用空気調和装置を示す室内ユニット部側面断面図である。
【図4】 この発明の実施の形態2の変形例による鉄道車両用空気調和装置を示す室内ユニット部側面断面図である。
【図5】 従来の鉄道車両用空気調和装置を示す室内ユニット部側面断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 空気調和装置室外ユニット部、 2 空気調和装置室内ユニット部、 5 室内熱交換器、 9 車内リターン口温度センサー、 10 外気温度センサー、 11 換気空気温度センサー、12 混合空気温度センサー、 13 室内熱交換器出口温度センサー。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a railway vehicle, and more particularly to an air conditioner for a railway vehicle configured so as to be able to reduce the circulating air volume in the vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a conventional railway vehicle air conditioner.
Reference numeral 1 denotes an outdoor unit of the air conditioner. 1, no. 2, no. 3 includes an outdoor heat exchanger and a compressor for each refrigerant cycle. 2 is an indoor unit of the air conditioner, and the indoor blower and No. 2 1, no. 2, no. 3 indoor heat exchangers for each refrigerant cycle are incorporated.
3 is an in-vehicle air suction duct, and 4 is a ventilation duct.
No. 5 is an indoor heat exchanger. No. 1 indoor heat exchanger 5a for No. 1 refrigerant cycle. No. 2 indoor heat exchanger 5b for No. 2 refrigerant cycle. It is comprised by the indoor heat exchanger 5c for 3 refrigerant cycles. Each refrigerant cycle includes indoor heat exchangers 5a, 5b, and 5c for each refrigerant cycle, and an outdoor heat exchanger and a compressor for each refrigerant cycle inside the outdoor unit section 1.
6 is an electric heater for heating, and 7 is an indoor blower.
8 is a mixed air blowing duct.
Reference numeral 9 denotes a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the vehicle return port installed in the vehicle body, and 10 denotes a temperature sensor that measures the outside air temperature installed in the vehicle body.
[0003]
In such a conventional air conditioner, due to the action of the indoor fan 7, air inside the vehicle via the air intake duct 3 and air outside the vehicle via the ventilation duct 4 are sucked into the indoor unit 2 and mixed. Is done.
The mixed air passes through the indoor heat exchanger 5 and the electric heater 6. At this time, the mixed air is cooled by the indoor heat exchanger 5 in the cooling operation, and is heated by the electric heater 6 in the heating operation.
The cooled or heated mixed air is blown into the vehicle through the mixed air blowing duct 8 by the action of the indoor blower 7.
[0004]
In the cooling operation, the number of compressors to be operated is increased or decreased according to the cooling load of the mixed air. At this time, the operating compressor is determined so that the operation rate is uniform.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional air conditioner for a railway vehicle in FIG. 5, when mixed air passes through the indoor heat exchanger 5, the No. 1 cycle heat exchanger part 5a, no. Two-cycle heat exchanger 5b, No. 2 The mixed air is distributed to the three-cycle heat exchanger 5c. At this time, if the number of operating compressors is reduced to two or less due to a decrease in cooling load, the mixed air passing through the heat exchanger of the stopped refrigerant cycle does not contribute to cooling, so the amount of mixed air is less than the cooling capacity. It is necessary excessively. When the amount of mixed air increases, the pressure loss of the vehicle body duct also increases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the static pressure characteristics of the indoor blower 7, and as a result, the noise of the indoor blower 7 increases.
[0006]
In addition, if a dedicated ventilation air compressor is used for use when the ventilation load of air conditioning is high and the indoor heat exchanger 5 is arranged separately for ventilation air and vehicle interior air, the configuration of the air conditioning duct on the vehicle body side becomes complicated. In addition, it cannot be used with the conventional air conditioning duct configuration on the vehicle body side, and the ventilation air is directly guided to the heat exchanger dedicated to ventilation air, so the operating range of the compressor exclusively for ventilation air is narrowed by being directly affected by the outside air temperature Therefore, there is a problem that restrictions on design or control occur.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a first object is to obtain an air conditioner that requires a small amount of mixed air.
[0008]
A second object is to obtain an air conditioner having an indoor heat exchanger configured to take measures for preventing liquid compression in the compressor.
[0009]
Furthermore, the third object is to obtain an air conditioner that can cope with a wide range of air conditioning conditions according to the load while preventing liquid compression in the compressor.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the air conditioner according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of independent refrigerant cycles arranged in the indoor heat exchanger from the leeward side to the leeward side, A temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the vehicle return port and the outside temperature of the mixed air that has passed through the indoor heat exchanger of the refrigerant cycle arranged through the indoor heat exchanger of the refrigerant cycle arranged leeward. A temperature sensor for measuring, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the ventilation air, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the mixed air, and a temperature sensor for measuring the outlet temperature of the indoor heat exchanger are provided. Based on the information of these temperature sensors The cooling air temperature is monitored so that the refrigerant does not return to the compressor of the refrigerant cycle having the indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side due to the cooling effect of the indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side. Accordingly, in accordance with the cooling load, characterized by selecting the refrigerant cycle to operate.
[0011]
An air conditioner according to a second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the windward indoor heat exchanger and the leeward indoor heat exchanger are separately provided in the mixed air flow direction.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 FIG.
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The vehicle air conditioner shown in FIG. 1 has a dedicated compressor that operates when the mixed air temperature of the ventilation air and the circulating air in the vehicle becomes high. No. 1 refrigerant cycle indoor heat exchanger 5a is installed in the indoor exchanger 5 on the upstream side of the pipe arrangement, and the other two compressors belong. No. 2 indoor heat exchanger 5b for refrigerant cycle and No. 2 The indoor heat exchanger 5c for 3 refrigerant cycles is installed in the lee. Therefore, no. All the mixed air that passed through the indoor heat exchanger 5a for one refrigerant cycle was installed No. No. 2 refrigerant cycle indoor heat exchanger section 5b and No. 2 The refrigerant is distributed to the three refrigerant cycle indoor heat exchanger 5c and passes through them.
[0014]
Further, in order to detect that the temperature of the mixed air of the ventilation air and the circulating air in the vehicle is high, the temperature sensor 11 that measures the temperature of the ventilation air, the temperature sensor 12 that measures the temperature of the mixed air, and the indoor heat exchanger A temperature sensor 13 for measuring the outlet temperature is provided in the air conditioner. The temperature sensor 9 for measuring the temperature of the return port in the vehicle, the temperature sensor 10 for measuring the outside air temperature, and the other sensors are conventionally installed in the vehicle body. Based on the information, the control device calculates the load state of the air conditioner and controls the operation of the compressor.
Other configurations are the same as those described in the prior art, and corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
When the circulating air temperature in the vehicle is high and the cooling load on the indoor heat exchanger is sufficient even when viewed from the outside air temperature, the mixed air temperature, and the indoor heat exchanger outlet temperature, No. 1, no. 2, no. The compressors of all three refrigerant cycles are operated.
[0016]
Further, in the case of sufficient cooling load in two of the three refrigerant cycles, the No. 1 to which the heat exchanger 5a on the windward side belongs from the in-vehicle circulating air temperature, the outside air temperature, the mixed air temperature, and the indoor heat exchanger outlet temperature. When one refrigerant cycle is operated, No. 1 having the heat exchanger 5b on the leeward side during the operation. 2, No. having a heat exchanger 5c. No. 3 is returned to the compressor in the state of the liquid in the refrigerant cycle, and there is a possibility that the liquid will be compressed and damaged. Stop the compressor of one refrigerant cycle, 2 and no. Operate 3 refrigerant cycles.
[0017]
When the cooling load is small and one of the three refrigerant cycles is sufficient, No. 1 having an indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side. 2 and no. 3 No. 3 refrigerant cycle is stopped and the indoor heat exchanger is installed on the windward side. Only one refrigerant cycle can be operated. It is also possible to manufacture one refrigerant cycle as a heat pump and use this refrigerant cycle for heating for ventilation.
[0018]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, all the mixed air that passes through the indoor heat exchanger during cooling operation is cooled, and the mixed air that passes through the indoor heat exchanger without being cooled can be eliminated. The amount can be reduced.
[0019]
In other words, no. 2 and no. In order for each of the three refrigerant cycles to fully demonstrate the cooling capacity, no. No. 2 indoor heat exchanger 5b for refrigerant cycle and No. 2 If the total amount of air required by the indoor heat exchanger 5c for the three refrigerant cycle is secured, No. 3 is obtained. Since the amount of air required by the heat exchanger 5a for one refrigerant cycle can be secured, the amount of mixed air necessary for this air conditioner to sufficiently exhibit the cooling capacity is an example of the conventional air conditioner of FIG. And No. The air volume required by the heat exchanger 5a for one refrigerant cycle can be reduced.
[0020]
Further, conventionally, when the static pressure of the ventilator is high, the ventilation air rises from the outside air temperature by about 10 degrees C. Therefore, the temperature of the mixed air of the ventilation air introduced into the indoor heat exchanger and the circulating air in the vehicle is high. In this embodiment, the low pressure of the refrigerant cycle is too high. One refrigerant cycle is a dedicated refrigerant cycle that operates when the mixed air temperature becomes high. Since the mixed air once cooled and cooled by the heat exchanger 5a for one refrigerant cycle is caused to flow to the heat exchangers 5b and 5c on the leeward side, an increase in the low pressure of the No2 and No3 refrigerant cycles can be suppressed.
Furthermore, No. to which the heat exchanger 5a on the windward side belongs. For a single refrigerant cycle, what was previously available for only part of the mixed air volume can be used as a total refrigerant volume and designed as a dedicated refrigerant cycle that operates when the mixed air temperature rises. There is an effect that the rise of the can be suppressed.
[0021]
In this embodiment, the windward indoor heat exchanger is for one refrigerant cycle, but the same effect can be obtained even with two or more systems.
Further, in this embodiment, the indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side is for two refrigerant cycles, but the same effect can be obtained even if there are one or three or more systems.
Further, in this embodiment, a two-stage configuration is provided on the leeward side and leeward side, but the same effect can be obtained even with a configuration of three or more stages.
In short, the cooling operation is performed in units of the leeward indoor heat exchanger unit and the leeward heat exchanger unit, and all the air that has passed through the indoor heat exchanger unit installed on the windward side is installed on the leeward side. Therefore, the mixed air passing through the indoor heat exchanger during the cooling operation is all cooled, and it is sufficient that the mixed air passing through the indoor heat exchanger can be eliminated without being cooled.
[0022]
In this embodiment, heating is handled by an electric heater, but the same effect can be obtained when the refrigerant cycle is manufactured as a heat pump and the refrigerant cycle is used as heating.
[0023]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, control of the compressor is ON-OFF control, but inverter control may also be used, and an air conditioner that can cope with a wider range of fine air conditioning conditions can be obtained.
[0024]
A modification of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, no. The same effect can be obtained by installing the heat exchanger 5a for one refrigerant cycle partially, but approximately on the front side, on the upwind side of the piping arrangement in the indoor heat exchanger 5.
[0025]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the vehicle air conditioner shown in FIG. 3, the windward heat exchanger 5a is separated from the leeward heat exchanger 5 and configured with two indoor heat exchangers, and the windward indoor heat exchanger 5a is ventilated air. No. 1 to which a dedicated compressor that operates when the temperature of the mixed air between the engine and the circulating air in the vehicle becomes high. No. 1 for the refrigerant cycle and the indoor heat exchanger 5 on the lee side to which the other two compressors belong. 2, no. Even for three refrigerant cycles, the amount of mixed air can be reduced. 1, no. 2, no. No. 3 having an indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side when operating the three refrigerant cycle. 2, no. The effect that liquid compression can be prevented from occurring in the three refrigerant cycle compressor is obtained.
[0026]
A modification of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Even if the indoor heat exchanger 5a on the windward side is not installed on the entire surface of the windward side, if it is almost the front, No. The same effect can be obtained by downsizing the indoor heat exchanger 5a for one refrigerant cycle and installing it on the windward side of the leeward heat exchanger 5.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
In the air conditioning apparatus for railway vehicles according to the first aspect of the present invention, the air conditioning capacity can be made variable by selecting the refrigerant cycle that is operated during the air conditioning operation, and almost no mixed air passes through the indoor heat exchanger during the air conditioning operation. All of the air can be air-conditioned, and the mixed air passing through the indoor heat exchanger can be almost eliminated without being air-conditioned, and the amount of mixed air can be reduced accordingly.
[0028]
In the railway vehicle air conditioner according to the second aspect of the present invention, both the refrigerant cycle having the leeward indoor heat exchanger and the refrigerant cycle having the leeward indoor heat exchanger adjacent thereto are operated. In this case, there is an effect that liquid compression can be prevented from occurring in the compressor of the refrigerant cycle having the leeward indoor heat exchanger.
[0029]
The air conditioner for a railway vehicle according to the third aspect of the present invention has the effects of preventing liquid compression in the compressor and obtaining a wide range of air conditioning conditions according to the load.
In addition, by making the refrigerant cycle having the heat exchanger on the windward side a dedicated refrigerant cycle that operates when the temperature of the mixed air becomes high, not only the refrigerant cycle having the heat exchanger on the windward side but also on the leeward side Even in a refrigerant cycle having a heat exchanger, an increase in low pressure can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an indoor unit portion showing an air conditioner for a railway vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of an indoor unit portion showing an air conditioner for a railway vehicle according to a modification of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of an indoor unit portion showing an air conditioner for a railway vehicle according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of an indoor unit portion showing an air conditioner for a railway vehicle according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of an indoor unit showing a conventional air conditioner for a railway vehicle.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air conditioner outdoor unit part, 2 Air conditioner indoor unit part, 5 Indoor heat exchanger, 9 Car interior return port temperature sensor, 10 Outside air temperature sensor, 11 Ventilation air temperature sensor, 12 Mixed air temperature sensor, 13 Indoor heat exchange Outlet temperature sensor.

Claims (2)

換気空気と車内循環空気との混合空気を空気調和装置内の室内熱交換器に導くようにした鉄道車両用空気調和装置において、
その室内熱交換器に風上側から風下側へ独立した複数の冷媒サイクルを配置し、風上側に配置された冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器を通った混合空気を、風下に配置された冷媒サイクル用の室内熱交換器を通すようにし、
車内リターン口温度を測定する温度センサーと、車外温度を測定する温度センサーと、換気空気温度を測定する温度センサーと、混合空気温度を測定する温度センサーと、室内熱交換器出口温度を測定する温度センサーとを備え、
これらの温度センサーの情報を基に、風上側の室内熱交換器の冷却効果により風下側に室内熱交換器を有する冷媒サイクルの圧縮機に冷媒が液体のまま戻らないように、換気空気温度を監視しつつ、制御装置の指令により、冷房負荷に応じて、運転する冷媒サイクルを選定することを特徴とする鉄道車両用空気調和装置。
In an air conditioner for a railway vehicle in which mixed air of ventilation air and circulating air in a vehicle is guided to an indoor heat exchanger in the air conditioner,
Refrigerant by arranging a plurality of refrigerant cycle which is independent from the windward side to the leeward side to the indoor heat exchanger, a mixed air passing through the indoor heat exchanger for a refrigerant cycle, which is disposed on the windward side, is arranged on the leeward Through the indoor heat exchanger for the cycle ,
A temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the interior return port, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature outside the vehicle, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the ventilation air, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the mixed air, and a temperature that measures the outlet temperature of the indoor heat exchanger With sensors,
Based on the information from these temperature sensors, the ventilation air temperature is adjusted so that the refrigerant does not return to the compressor of the refrigerant cycle having the indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side due to the cooling effect of the indoor heat exchanger on the leeward side. An air conditioner for a railway vehicle that selects a refrigerant cycle to be operated according to a cooling load in accordance with a command from a control device while monitoring .
室内熱交換器を、冷媒サイクル毎に、混合空気の流れ方向に分離独立して設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の鉄道車両用空気調和装置。  The air conditioner for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the indoor heat exchanger is provided separately and independently in the flow direction of the mixed air for each refrigerant cycle.
JP21298097A 1997-08-07 1997-08-07 Air conditioner for railway vehicles Expired - Lifetime JP4211013B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP21298097A JP4211013B2 (en) 1997-08-07 1997-08-07 Air conditioner for railway vehicles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21298097A JP4211013B2 (en) 1997-08-07 1997-08-07 Air conditioner for railway vehicles

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JPH1148970A JPH1148970A (en) 1999-02-23
JP4211013B2 true JP4211013B2 (en) 2009-01-21

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