JP4207456B2 - Solar cell module and temporary fixing tape therefor - Google Patents

Description

【００５４】
表１より、本発明の仮止め用テープであれば、高温高湿環境下での発泡や黄変、紫外線環境下での黄変の問題がなく、高温耐久性、経年耐久性に優れた太陽電池モジュールを得ることができることがわかる。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の仮止め用テープは、太陽電池モジュールの封止膜の間において、高温環境下での発泡、湿熱又は紫外線環境下での黄変劣化の問題がなく、従って、このような仮止め用テープを用いた本発明の太陽電池モジュールによれば、高温耐久性、経年耐久性に優れた高品質の太陽電池モジュールが提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】太陽電池モジュールの製造方法を示す図であって、（ａ）図は平面図、（ｂ）図は（ａ）図のＢ−Ｂ線に沿う断面図、（ｃ）図は断面図である、
【図２】太陽電池モジュールの構造を示す断面図である。
【図３】黄変度測定用のサンプルを示す断面図であり、（ａ）図は加熱加圧前の状態、（ｂ）は加熱加圧後の状態を示す。
【符号の説明】
１Ａ，１Ｂ ガラス板
２ ＥＶＡ
２Ａ，２Ｂ ＥＶＡフィルム
３ 仮止め用テープ
４ サンプル
１０ 太陽電池モジュール
１１ 表面側透明保護部材
１２ バックカバー材
１３Ａ，１３Ｂ ＥＶＡ樹脂フィルム
１４ 太陽電池用セル
１５ 仮止め用テープ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, when producing a solar cell module by sealing a solar cell using a sealing film between the front surface side transparent protective member and the back surface side protective member, The present invention relates to a temporary fixing tape for temporarily fixing a solar cell and a sealing film, and a solar cell module using the temporary fixing tape.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, solar cells that directly convert sunlight into electric energy have attracted attention and are being developed from the viewpoint of effective use of resources and prevention of environmental pollution.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 2, a solar cell generally has an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin film 13A between a light-receiving surface-side transparent protective member 11 and a back-side protective member (back cover material) 12. , 13B sealing the solar battery cell 14, that is, the power generation element such as silicon.
[0004]
Such a solar cell module 10 includes a surface side transparent protective member 11 such as a glass substrate, an EVA film for sealing film 13A, a cell for solar cell 14, an EVA resin film for sealing film 13B, and a back cover material 12 in this order. In this method, the EVA is heated and melted and cross-linked and cured to be bonded and integrated, but prior to this bonding and integration, the solar cell 14 is prevented from being distorted during stacking and heating. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1A (plan view) and FIG. 1B (a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1A), the top of the EVA resin film 13A on the surface-side transparent protective member 11 The solar battery cell 14 disposed in FIG. 1 is temporarily fixed with a temporary fixing tape 15, and an EVA resin film 13B and a back cover material 12 are placed thereon and heated and pressurized as shown in FIG. 1 (c). ing.
[0005]
Conventionally, as the temporary fixing tape 15 of the solar cell 14 used when manufacturing the solar cell module 10, an acrylic or silicon adhesive layer is formed on a fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene) base material. Or a polyester resin substrate having an acrylic or silicon adhesive layer formed thereon.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional temporary fixing tape based on a fluororesin or a polyester resin has a problem that foaming occurs at the interface between the temporary fixing tape 15 and the EVA resin films 13A and 13B in a high temperature environment. In addition, there is a problem of yellowing deterioration under wet heat or an ultraviolet environment, and for this reason, high-temperature durability and aged durability of the solar cell module are impaired.
[0007]
By manufacturing a solar cell module without using a temporary fixing tape, the problems of foaming and yellowing deterioration caused by the temporary fixing tape are solved. However, in terms of productivity and handling in the manufacturing process, The use of stop tape is essential.
[0008]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is a temporary fixing tape for solar cells that does not have a problem of foaming under high temperature environment, wet heat or yellowing deterioration under an ultraviolet environment, and this temporary fixing tape. It aims at providing the solar cell module excellent in the used high temperature durability and aged durability.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The solar cell module of the present invention is a solar cell module in which a solar cell is sealed using a sealing film between a front surface side transparent protective member and a back surface side protective member, and is for adjacent solar cells. In the solar cell module in which the cells or the solar cell and the sealing film are fixed to each other with a temporary fixing tape, the temporary fixing tape is attached to the polyolefin resin base material with an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or a silicon type Ri Ah tape obtained by forming an adhesive layer, characterized in that the sealing film is formed by depositing the EVA resin composition.
[0011]
The cause of foaming in a high temperature environment or deterioration in yellowing under a wet heat or ultraviolet environment when using a conventional temporary fixing tape is caused by an EVA resin film or the like during heating and pressurization when manufacturing a solar cell module. Adhesiveness, adhesiveness, and affinity are poor at the interface between the sealing film and the temporary fixing tape, and a poorly bonded part occurs at the interface. This defectively bonded part is a resin for a sealing film such as an EVA resin film in a high temperature environment. It is to become a starting point of foaming or yellowing due to the adhesive component of the compounding agent and the temporary fixing tape itself.
[0012]
In the present invention, a polyolefin resin such as a polyethylene resin used as a base material for a temporary fixing tape is in a molten state at the time of heating and pressing in the manufacturing process of the solar cell module, and has a very high affinity with the EVA resin and the like constituting the sealing film. It is possible to form a strong sealing film / temporary fastening tape / solar cell / sealing film interface.
[0013]
For this reason, in the high temperature environment, the starting point such as foaming or yellowing due to the inherent components of the sealing film or the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is eliminated, and foaming or yellowing can be prevented.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0015]
First, the temporary fixing tape of the present invention will be described.
[0016]
The temporary fixing tape of the present invention is formed by forming an adhesive layer on a polyolefin resin base material such as polyethylene resin.
[0017]
The thickness of the polyolefin resin base material may be approximately the same as the thickness of the base material of an ordinary temporary fixing tape, and is generally about 10 to 1000 μm. If the thickness of the polyolefin resin substrate is less than 10 μm, sufficient strength cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 1000 μm, the thickness of the temporary fixing tape becomes a problem during the production of the solar cell module.
[0018]
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on the polyolefin resin substrate is formed of an acrylic or silicon- based pressure-sensitive adhesive, preferably an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, to a thickness of about 1 × 10 ² to 1 × 10 ⁵ nm. preferable.
[0019]
The solar cell module of the present invention has the same configuration as the conventional solar cell module except that it is manufactured using such a temporary fixing tape, and is shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b). As described above, after the solar cell 14 is arranged on the EVA resin film 13A on the surface side transparent protective member 11, the solar cell 14 is temporarily fixed to the EVA resin film 13A with the temporary fixing tape 15 and adjacent thereto. The solar cells 14 and 14 are temporarily fixed with a temporary fixing tape 15, and then, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the EVA resin film 13 </ b> B and the back cover material 12 are covered and heated and pressed to be integrated. It is manufactured by sealing the solar cell 14.
[0020]
This heating and pressurization is performed by impermeable to the laminate of the surface side transparent protective member 11, the EVA resin film 13A, the solar cell 14 temporarily fixed with the temporary fixing tape 15, the EVA resin film 13B, and the back cover material 12. After deaeration inside the bag after putting it in the bag, for example, the bag is evacuated by evacuating the bag for 1 to 10 minutes, and the pressure inside the bag is reduced to approximately 0 MPa, and then the pressure is increased to 50 to 170 ° C. It can be performed by heating and pressurizing at a pressure of 1.013 × 10 ^{−2 to} 2.026 × 10 ⁻¹ MPa for 1 to 30 minutes.
[0021]
As the surface-side protection member 11 constituting the solar cell module, a glass plate having a thickness of about 1 to 5 mm, a highly functional laminated film having a thickness of about 10 to 200 μm, or the like can be used.
[0022]
The sealing film, contact adhesion, surface or et such as water resistance, especially using EVA-based resin film.
[0023]
As the EVA resin of the EVA resin films 13A and 13B, those having a vinyl acetate content of 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 15 to 40% by weight are suitably used. If the vinyl acetate content is less than 5% by weight, there are problems in weather resistance and transparency. If the vinyl acetate content exceeds 40% by weight, the mechanical properties are remarkably deteriorated and the film formation becomes difficult and the sheets or films are mutually blocked. Will occur.
[0024]
The EVA resin composition for the sealing film is preferably blended with a crosslinking agent to improve weather resistance so as to have a crosslinked structure. Generally, the crosslinking agent generates radicals at 100 ° C. or higher. An organic peroxide is used, and in particular, when the stability at the time of blending is taken into consideration, a decomposition temperature with a half-life of 10 hours is preferably 70 ° C. or higher. Examples of such an organic peroxide include 2,5-dimethylhexane; 2,5-dihydroperoxide; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane; -T-butyl peroxide; t-dicumyl peroxide; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexyne; dicumyl peroxide; α, α'-bis (t-butylperoxide Oxyisopropyl) benzene; n-butyl-4,4-bis (t-butylperoxy) butane; 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) butane; 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; t-butylperoxybenzoate; benzoyl peroxide, etc. Kill. The compounding amount of these organic peroxides is generally 5 parts by weight or less, preferably 1 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the EVA resin.
[0025]
Moreover, a silane coupling agent can be added to EVA resin for the purpose of improving adhesive force. Known silane coupling agents for this purpose are, for example, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; vinyltrichlorosilane; vinyltriethoxysilane; vinyl-tris- (β-methoxyethoxy) silane; γ-methacryloxy. Propyltrimethoxysilane; β- (3,4-ethoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane; γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; vinyltriacetoxysilane; γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane N-β- (aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and the like can be mentioned. The amount of these silane coupling agents is generally 5 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the EVA resin.
[0026]
Furthermore, a crosslinking aid can be added to the EVA resin in order to improve the gel fraction of the EVA resin and improve the durability. Examples of crosslinking aids provided for this purpose include trifunctional crosslinking aids such as triallyl isocyanurate; triallyl isocyanate as well as monofunctional crosslinking aids such as NK esters. it can. The amount of these crosslinking aids is generally 10 parts by weight or less, preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the EVA resin.
[0027]
Furthermore, hydroquinone; hydroquinone monomethyl ether; p-benzoquinone; methyl hydroquinone, etc. can be added for the purpose of improving the stability of the EVA resin, and the blending amount thereof is generally 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the EVA resin. It is as follows.
[0028]
Furthermore, if necessary, a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, an anti-aging agent, a discoloration preventing agent and the like can be added in addition to the above. Examples of the colorant include inorganic pigments such as metal oxides and metal powders, and organic pigments such as azo-based, phthalocyanine-based, additive-based, acidic or basic dye-based lakes. Examples of ultraviolet absorbers include 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone; benzophenones such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone; 2- (2′-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole Benzotriazoles; phenyl salsylates; hindered amines such as pt-butylphenyl salsylates. Antiaging agents include amines; phenols; bisphenyls; hindered amines, such as di-t-butyl-p-cresol; bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperazyl). ) Sebacate.
[0029]
As the solar cell 14, a so-called bulk solar cell using single crystal Si or polycrystalline Si, Si-based thin film, II-VI compound (CdTe), chalcopyrite thin film (CIS), organic semiconductor, other Various solar cells can be used.
[0030]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as the back cover material 12, Preferably, the thing formed by laminating | stacking these by interposing a moisture-proof film between two heat resistant and weather resistant films is mentioned.
[0031]
The moisture-proof film of the back cover material 12 is for preventing moisture from entering from the back surface of the solar cell module, and silicon oxide by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), PVD (reactive vapor deposition) or the like is applied to the base film. A vapor-deposited film of an inorganic oxide mainly composed of, for example, a moisture-proof layer is preferably used.
[0032]
As the inorganic oxide constituting the vapor-deposited film of the inorganic oxide as the moisture-proof layer, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide is used, but silicon oxide is particularly preferable because of excellent durability under wet heat conditions.
[0033]
The composition of the deposited silicon oxide film is generally close to that of SiO. However, if SiO _x is less than 1.7, the moisture permeability gradually decreases in an endurance test or the like, and exceeds x = 1.9. Things are disadvantageous in terms of productivity and cost. Therefore, it is desirable that the SiO _x composition of the silicon oxide deposited film as the moisture-proof layer is x = 1.7 to 1.9.
[0034]
If the thickness of this deposited film is too thin, sufficient moisture resistance cannot be obtained, and if it is too thick, no further improvement effect of moisture resistance can be obtained, rather cracking easily occurs and moisture resistance may be reduced. Therefore, the film thickness is preferably 100 to 500 mm, particularly 200 to 400 mm.
[0035]
On the other hand, the base film that serves as a support for the moisture-proof film is not particularly limited as long as it is a heat-resistant film that can withstand the heat and pressure conditions during the production of the solar cell module. Fluoroethylene (PTFE), 4-fluorinated ethylene-perchloroalkoxy copolymer (PFA), 4-fluorinated ethylene-6-fluorinated propylene copolymer (FEP), 2-ethylene-4-fluoroethylene copolymer Polymer (ETFE), poly-3-fluoroethylene chloride (PCTFE), fluororesin films such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polymethyl Various resin films such as methacrylate (PMMA) and polyamide can be used. . This base film may contain two or more of these resins, or may be a laminated film of two or more films. You may provide a base film with various additives, such as a pigment and a ultraviolet absorber, as needed by impregnation, application | coating, or kneading.
[0036]
The thickness of such a base film is preferably about 5 to 200 μm from the viewpoint of durability, handleability, thinning, and the like.
[0037]
The heat- and weather-resistant film constituting the back cover material 12 by laminating and integrating such a moisture-proof film is provided for the purpose of protecting the moisture-proof film and improving workability at the time of manufacturing the solar cell module. It can withstand the heat and pressure conditions during solar cell module fabrication, especially as the heat and weather resistant film on the opposite side of the sealing film is the outermost layer when assembling the solar cell module, so it deteriorates even under long-term outdoor exposure conditions Although it is desired that the material is not, normally those exemplified as the material for the base film can be used. This heat-resistant and weather-resistant film may also contain two or more of the above-mentioned resins, as with the above-mentioned base film, or may be a laminated film of two or more films. Moreover, you may provide a heat-resistant and weather-resistant film by impregnating, apply | coating, or kneading | mixing various additives, such as a pigment, a ultraviolet absorber, and a coupling agent, as needed.
[0038]
The color of the heat-resistant and weather-resistant film is not particularly limited, but a white system is preferable for improving power generation efficiency, and black or a dark color of each color is used for improving the appearance when installed in a house or the like. It is done.
[0039]
The thickness of such a heat and weather resistant film is preferably about 5 to 200 μm from the viewpoints of durability, handleability, thinning, and the like.
[0040]
The two heat-resistant and weather-resistant films constituting the back cover material 12 are not necessarily made of the same material, and may be made of different materials.
[0041]
In particular, it is preferable to use a fluororesin film having excellent weather resistance for the heat and weather resistant film on the outer surface side of the solar cell module, and a pigment or the like is kneaded into the heat and weather resistant film on the inner surface side. It is preferable to use a film provided with reflection performance.
[0042]
Such a back cover material 12 is practically manufactured by bonding and integrating a heat-resistant, weather-resistant film and a moisture-proof film with an adhesive by a method such as a dry lamination method or a heat press method. The
[0043]
As an adhesive used when laminating such a film, a urethane adhesive such as a polyester or polyether is generally used, but a polyether-based one has a low initial adhesive force and is inferior in heat resistance, In addition, the polyester system has a drawback that it has good heat resistance but low heat and humidity resistance. This is because these adhesive components contain —O— or —C═O—O— chains in the skeleton.
[0044]
In order to solve this drawback, hydrogenated polybutadiene modified urethane system in which the main chain has a butadiene skeleton and hydrogenated to prevent degradation due to cleavage of double bonds, for adhesion between heat and weather resistant film and moisture proof film. It is preferable to use an adhesive. In this product, the main chain becomes —CH ₂ — and the adhesion durability is greatly improved as compared with the conventional product.
[0045]
Such a back cover material 12 may be a back cover material combined sealing film that is preliminarily bonded and integrated with the sealing film of the EVA film 13B.
[0046]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0047]
Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4
Using the tape shown in Table 1 as a temporary fixing tape, a solar cell module was manufactured by the method shown in FIG. Moreover, the sample of the laminated glass type for the yellowing degree measurement shown in FIG. 3 was created.
[0048]
A glass plate having a thickness of 3.5 mm was used as the surface-side protection member 11 of the solar cell module, and an EVA film having a thickness of 600 μm was used as the sealing EVA resin film 13A.
[0049]
Further, as the back cover material 12, a three-layer laminated film of “Tedlar film” (thickness 38 μm) / aluminum foil (thickness 40 μm) / “Tedlar film” (thickness 38 μm) manufactured by Teijin DuPont is used. A sealing EVA film 13B having a thickness of 400 μm was used.
[0050]
The back cover material 12, the sealing EVA resin film 13B, the surface side protection member 11 and the sealing EVA resin film 13A all have a size of 810 mm wide × 1250 mm long. On the EVA resin film 13A, a total of 40 solar cell cells (silicon power generation elements) 14 having a width of 150 mm and a length of 150 mm are arranged in 5 rows in the horizontal direction and 8 rows in the vertical direction. Temporarily fastened, the back cover material / sealing sealing film was placed thereon and laminated, and the laminate was placed in a rubber bag and sealed with a vacuum laminator. The heating and pressing conditions were as follows.
[Heating and pressing conditions]
Temperature: 150 ° C
Pressure: 7.09 × 10 ⁴ Pa
Pressurization time: 5.5 minutes
Further, a laminated glass mold sample 4 for measuring the yellowing degree, as shown in FIG. 3A, is an EVA of 50 mm × 50 mm between two glass plates 1A and 1B having a thickness of 50 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm. The temporary fixing tape 3 is sandwiched between the films 2A and 2B, the temperature is 90 ° C., the pressure is 1.013 × 10 ⁵ Pa, the pressurization time is 8 minutes, and the EVA2 is applied as shown in FIG. It is an integrated product.
[0052]
The obtained solar cell module and the sample for measuring the degree of yellowing were examined for the presence or absence of foaming or yellowing under the following environmental conditions, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[With or without foaming in a high temperature and high humidity environment]
The solar cell module was visually observed for foaming after being left in an environment of 85 ° C. and 85% RH for 750 hours.
[Yellowing under high temperature and high humidity]
The degree of yellowing after the sample for measuring the degree of yellowing was allowed to stand for 500 hours under ultraviolet irradiation at 85 ° C. and 85% RH was indicated by a YI value (an index of yellowing).
[Yellowness in UV environment]
The degree of yellowing after irradiating the sample for measuring yellowing degree with ultraviolet rays for 500 hours is indicated by YI value.
[0053]
[Table 1]

[0054]
Table 1 shows that the temporary fixing tape of the present invention has no problem of foaming or yellowing in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and yellowing in an ultraviolet environment, and has excellent high-temperature durability and aging durability. It turns out that a battery module can be obtained.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the temporary fixing tape of the present invention has no problem of foaming under high temperature environment, yellowing deterioration under wet heat or ultraviolet environment between the sealing films of the solar cell module. According to the solar cell module of the present invention using such a temporary fixing tape, a high-quality solar cell module excellent in high-temperature durability and aged durability is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B are views showing a method for manufacturing a solar cell module, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1A, and FIG. Fig.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar cell module.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views showing a sample for measuring the degree of yellowing, in which FIG. 3A shows a state before heating and pressing, and FIG. 3B shows a state after heating and pressing.
[Explanation of symbols]
1A, 1B Glass plate 2 EVA
2A, 2B EVA film 3 Tape for temporary fixing 4 Sample 10 Solar cell module 11 Surface side transparent protective member 12 Back cover material 13A, 13B EVA resin film 14 Cell for solar cell 15 Tape for temporary fixing

Claims (4)

A solar cell module in which a solar cell is sealed using a sealing film between a front surface side transparent protective member and a back surface side protective member, and adjacent solar cell cells or solar cell modules In the solar cell module in which the cell and the sealing film are fixed with a temporary fixing tape,
Ri Ah in tape provisional retaining tape is formed by forming the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or a silicon-based pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to a polyolefin resin substrate,
The solar cell module, wherein the sealing film is formed by forming an EVA resin composition .   2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the polyolefin resin substrate is a polyethylene resin substrate. According to claim 1 or 2, the solar cell module, wherein the solar cell is being put stopped at the temporary sealing tape against a sealing film which is laminated on the surface side transparent protection member. In any 1 item | term of Claim 1 thru | or 3 , The thickness of this polyolefin resin-made base material is 10-1000 micrometers, and the thickness of this adhesive layer is 1 * 10 < ² > -1 * 10 < ⁵ > nm. A solar cell module.

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