JP4202371B2 - Power supply system, housing complex, and program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system that supplies power to a plurality of loads, a housing complex that includes the power supply system, and a program that causes the power supply system to function.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a distributed power supply system in which power sources are distributed according to a load to which power is to be supplied. In such a distributed power supply system, each power supply supplies power only to a corresponding load.
Further, the following information is provided as prior art document information related to the present invention.
Hirohisa Aki, Junji Kondo, Satoshi Ishii, “Basic study on cooperative operation on the customer side of distributed power sources”, IEEJ Technical Committee Materials (Power Technology and Power System Technology Joint Study Group), PE-02-78 / PSE- 02-88, (2002.9.05), The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, p. 19-24 International Publication WO02 / 103830 Pamphlet Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-358991 JP 2002-231287 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-154520 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-31521

  However, in the conventional distributed power supply system, power is supplied only to the load corresponding to each power supply. Therefore, when each power supply is stopped due to failure or maintenance, the power can be supplied to the corresponding load. There wasn't. Further, in order to prevent such power supply stoppage, if each load is always connected to a power system such as a commercial power supply (hereinafter referred to as a system), the cost of equipment and the like increases. In particular, when power is supplied to a load such as a mountainous area or a remote island, the cost of connecting to the system further increases.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system, an apartment house, and a program that solve the above-described problems. This object is achieved by a combination of features described in the independent claims. The dependent claims define further advantageous specific examples of the present invention.

In order to solve the above-described problem, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a power supply system that supplies power to a plurality of loads provided in a plurality of living units of an apartment house , corresponding to the plurality of living units. A plurality of fuel cells, each of which is connected to a plurality of fuel cells and generates power to be supplied to a load of a corresponding living part, and is connected to a corresponding load among the power generated by each fuel cell. When the surplus power other than the power to be supplied is received and the power network that supplies power to the load that lacks power and the amount of power to be supplied to each load is smaller than a predetermined first threshold, the fuel cell corresponding to the load A power supply system comprising: a control unit that stops power generation and causes another fuel cell to generate power to be supplied to a load as surplus power.

  When the surplus power supplied from the power network to the load corresponding to the fuel cell that has stopped power generation is greater than a second threshold value that is greater than the first threshold value, Electric power to be supplied to the load may be generated, and other fuel cells may stop generating surplus power.

  Further, the control unit may cause the fuel cell corresponding to the already activated load to generate power necessary for activation of each load as surplus power. In this case, the control unit causes the corresponding fuel cell to generate power to be supplied to the load after a predetermined time has elapsed since the activation of each load, and generates surplus power in other fuel cells. It is preferable to stop.

  In addition, when the average power consumption consumed by each load in a past predetermined time is smaller than the first threshold, the control unit stops power generation of the fuel cell corresponding to the load, and The power to be supplied to the other fuel cell may be generated as surplus power by another fuel cell.

  In addition, the control unit reduces the power generation amount of the fuel cell when the power generation amount of the corresponding fuel cell is larger than the predetermined value by the average value of the power consumption of each load in the past predetermined time. It's okay. Further, the control unit increases the power generation amount of the fuel cell corresponding to the load when the average value of the power received by each load from the power network in the past predetermined time is larger than the predetermined value. Good.

  In addition, the power supply system stores power that is not supplied to the load among surplus power supplied to the power network, and when the total demand power of the plurality of loads exceeds the total power generation amount that can be generated by the plurality of fuel cells. A power storage device that supplies the stored power to a plurality of loads, and the control unit increases the power generation amount of the plurality of fuel cells when the power stored in the power storage device falls below a predetermined value. Good.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, a program for supplying power from a power supply system to a plurality of loads provided in a plurality of living units of an apartment house , the power supply system corresponding to a plurality of living units A plurality of fuel cells that generate and supply electric power to be supplied to the loads of the corresponding living units, and are connected to the plurality of fuel cells. When the surplus power other than the power supplied to the load is received and the power network supplied to the load for which the power is insufficient, and the amount of power to be supplied to each load is smaller than a predetermined first threshold, the load corresponds to the load A pro To provide the ram.

  In the 3rd form of this invention, it is an apartment house provided with a some residence part, Comprising: It is provided corresponding to a some residence part, and the plurality generate | occur | produces and supplies the electric power which should be supplied to a corresponding residence part, respectively. A power network connected to a plurality of fuel cells and receiving surplus power other than the power supplied to the corresponding living part out of the power generated by each fuel cell and supplying the surplus power to the living part When the amount of power to be supplied to each living part is smaller than a predetermined first threshold, the power generation of the fuel cell corresponding to the living part is stopped, and the electric power to be supplied to the living part is An apartment house is provided, further comprising a control unit that causes the fuel cell to generate power as surplus power.

  The above summary of the invention does not enumerate all the necessary features of the present invention, and sub-combinations of these feature groups can also be the invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention. However, the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the scope of claims, and all combinations of features described in the embodiments are included. It is not necessarily essential for the solution of the invention.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of an apartment house 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The apartment house 100 includes a plurality of living units (60 a to 60 c) and the power supply system 10. The power supply system 10 supplies power to a plurality of loads (40a to 40c) provided in a plurality of living units (60a to 60c).

  The power supply system 10 includes a plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c), a power network 20, and a control unit 50. The plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c) are provided corresponding to the plurality of loads (40a to 40c), respectively, and generate and supply electric power to be supplied to the corresponding loads (40a to 40c). Each fuel cell (30a-30c) may generate electric power according to the power consumption consumed by the corresponding load (40a-40c), or may generate predetermined electric power.

  The power network 20 is connected to a plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c), and surplus power other than the power supplied to the corresponding load (40a to 40c) among the power generated by each fuel cell (30a to 30c). Receive. Further, the power network 20 supplies the received surplus power to loads (40a to 40c) that lack power. That is, the power network 20 receives surplus power from the fuel cells (30a to 30b) that generate power larger than the power consumed by the corresponding loads (40a to 40c), and the corresponding fuel cells (30a to 30b) generate power. Power is supplied to loads (40a to 40c) that consume more power than the power.

  Moreover, the control part 50 controls the electric power generation amount of each fuel cell (30a-30c) so that the electric power generation efficiency in each fuel cell (30a-30c) may become high. Details of the control unit 50 will be described later.

  With such a configuration, power can be supplied to the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30b) with respect to the respective loads (40a to 40c), and the reliability of power supply can be improved. For example, even if any of the fuel cells (30a to 30b) cannot generate power due to failure or maintenance, power can be supplied to the load (40a to 40c) corresponding to the fuel cell.

  In addition, since it is extremely rare that each load (40a to 40c) requires the maximum power (peak power) at the same time, at the moment when one load (40a to 40c) consumes peak power, What is necessary is just to supplement electric power to the said load from the fuel cell (30a-30c) corresponding to this load (40a-40c). For this reason, each fuel cell (30a-30c) can supply electric power stably even if it does not have the capability to generate | occur | produce the peak value of the power consumption of a corresponding load (40a-40c). Thus, according to this example, the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c) can be connected to each other to reduce the total power generation capacity of the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c). For this reason, it is possible to provide an inexpensive power supply system with high power supply reliability without being connected to the grid. For this reason, for example, it is possible to provide a highly reliable and inexpensive power supply system even in a place where it is difficult to connect to a grid system such as a remote island or where the cost of connecting to the grid system is high.

  Further, when the power generation capacity of each of the fuel cells (30a to 30c) is C and the number of installed fuel cells is N, the total power generation capacity of the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c) is given by C × N. When the failure probability of the fuel cells (30a to 30c) is R and the maximum value of the total power consumption of the plurality of loads (40a to 40c) is ΣM (N), the probability of insufficient power supply is ΣM (N)> This is the probability of C × N × (1-R). In this example, it is preferable to provide the power generation capacity and the number of installed fuel cells (30a to 30c) such that the probability that the power supply is insufficient is smaller than the probability that the system will fail. Thereby, it can have the reliability of the electric power supply equivalent to or more than a system | strain.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of the power generation efficiency of the fuel cells (30a to 30c). In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the power generation amount of the fuel cell, and the vertical axis indicates the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. As shown in FIG. 2, the power generation efficiency increases according to the power generation amount. For this reason, it is preferable that the control part 50 controls each fuel cell (30a-30c) to generate electric power larger than a predetermined power generation amount.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of power consumption of loads (40a to 40c). The fuel cells (30a to 30c) generate power corresponding to the power consumption of the corresponding loads (40a to 40c), but as shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cells (40a to 40c) have a low power generation amount. Power generation efficiency is low in the area.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the control unit 50 determines the amount of power to be supplied to each load (40a to 40c), that is, the power consumption consumed by each load (40a to 40c). When it is smaller than one threshold value, power generation of the fuel cell 30a corresponding to the load 40a is stopped, and power to be supplied to the load 40a is generated as surplus power in the other fuel cells (30b to 30c). In this case, the control unit 50 may select the number of fuel cells that can generate the electric power in order from the largest power generation amount among the other fuel cells (30b to 30b), and may generate power. Thereby, it can prevent that a fuel cell (30a-30c) generates electric power in the area | region where efficiency is low, and can improve the electric power generation efficiency of the whole fuel cell (30a-30c).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, the control unit 50 determines that surplus power, that is, power consumption, supplied from the power network 20 to the load 40a corresponding to the fuel cell 30a whose power generation has been stopped is greater than the first threshold value. When it becomes larger than the second threshold value, the power to be supplied to the load 40a may be generated by the fuel cell 30a that has stopped generating power, and the power generation of surplus power may be stopped by the other fuel cells (30b to 30c). . For example, when power is supplied to a load driven by power consumption near the first threshold, if the determination of stop / start of power generation of the fuel cell is determined only by the first threshold, stop / start of power generation of the fuel cell is frequent. Repeatedly, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell decreases. According to the example described with reference to FIG. 3, it is possible to reduce repetition of stop / start of power generation of the fuel cells (30a to 30c) and improve power generation efficiency of the fuel cells (30a to 30c).

  In addition, when the average value of the power consumption consumed by each load (40a to 40c) in the past predetermined time is smaller than the first threshold, the control unit 50 determines the fuel cell (40a) corresponding to the load. ˜40c) may be stopped, and the power to be supplied to the load may be generated as surplus power in the other fuel cells (40a to 40c). In addition, the control unit 50 determines that the average value of surplus power supplied from the power network 20 to the load 40a corresponding to the fuel cell 30a whose power generation has been stopped within a predetermined past time is greater than the first threshold value. In this case, the power to be supplied to the load 40a may be generated in the fuel cell 30a that has stopped generating power, and the power generation of surplus power may be stopped in the other fuel cells (30b to 30c). This also reduces the repetition of stop / start of power generation of the fuel cells (30a to 30c) and improves power generation efficiency.

  In addition, the fuel cell has a slow response to changes in power consumption. In particular, there may be a slow response to a change in power consumption when the load is activated. Therefore, the control unit 50 causes the fuel cells (30a to 30b) corresponding to the already activated loads (40a to 40b) to generate power necessary for starting the respective loads (40a to 40b) as surplus power. May be. In this case, the control unit 50 causes the corresponding fuel cells (30a to 30c) to generate electric power to be supplied to the load after a predetermined time has elapsed since the activation of the respective loads (40a to 40c). The surplus power generation in the other fuel cells (30a to 30c) may be stopped. Such control can improve the power supply response.

  In addition, when the power generation amount of the corresponding fuel cell (30a to 30c) is larger than a predetermined value by the control unit 50 in the past predetermined time, the power consumption of each load (40a to 40c) is greater than the predetermined value. The amount of power generated by the fuel cell may be reduced. In addition, when the average value of the power received by each load (40a to 40c) from the power network 20 within a predetermined time in the past is larger than a predetermined value, the control unit 50 determines the fuel cell corresponding to the load. The amount of power generation (30a-30c) may be increased. In this way, by controlling the power generation amount of the fuel cells (30a to 30c) based on the average value of power consumption in the past predetermined time, the fluctuation of the power generation amount of the fuel cells (30a to 30c) is suppressed. In addition, stable power generation can be performed.

  Moreover, the control part 50 selects the fuel cell (30a-30c) of the number which can generate | occur | produce the total power consumption in several load (40a-40c), and the said total consumption is selected to the selected fuel cell (30a-30c). Electric power may be generated. That is, when the fuel cells (30a to 30c) generate electricity with maximum efficiency, the number of fuel cells (30a to 30c) that can generate total power consumption is selected. Such control can also improve the power generation efficiency of the entire fuel cell (30a to 30c).

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another form of the power supply system 10. In this example, the power network 20 of the power supply system 10 is connected to an external power source. When the total power consumption of the plurality of loads (40a to 40c) exceeds the total power generation capacity of the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c), the power network 20 receives insufficient power from an external power source, and loads ( 40a-40c).

  Here, the external power source may be another power supply system 10 or a power storage device. When the external power source is another power supply system 10, the respective power networks 20 are connected to each other and exchange power. Thus, the reliability of power supply can be further improved by connecting to another power supply system 10.

  When the external power source is a power storage device, the power storage device stores power that is not supplied to the load (40a to 40c) among surplus power supplied from the fuel cells (30a to 30c) to the power network 20. When the total demand power of the plurality of loads (40a to 40c) exceeds the total amount of power that can be generated by the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c), the stored power is supplied to the plurality of loads (40a to 40c). To do. Also with such a configuration, the reliability of power supply can be further improved. In this case, the control unit 50 preferably increases the power generation amount of the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c) and charges the power storage device when the power stored in the power storage device falls below a predetermined value. . Based on the total power generation amount of the plurality of fuel cells (30a to 30c) and the total power amount supplied to the plurality of loads (40a to 40c) in the past predetermined time, the control unit 50 May be calculated.

  FIG. 5 shows an exemplary configuration of a computer 200 for controlling the power supply system 10. In this example, the computer 200 stores a program that causes the power supply system 10 to function as described with reference to FIGS. The computer 200 includes a CPU 700, a ROM 702, a RAM 704, a communication interface 706, a hard disk drive 710, an FD disk drive 712, and a CD-ROM drive 716. The CPU 700 operates based on programs stored in the ROM 702, the RAM 704, the hard disk 710, the FD disk 714, and / or the CD-ROM 718.

  For example, a program that causes the power supply system 10 to function causes the power supply system 10 to function as the power network 20, the plurality of fuel cells (30 a to 30 c), and the control unit 50 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The computer 200 may function as the control unit 50 based on the program.

  The communication interface 706 communicates with the power supply system 10, for example. A hard disk drive 710 as an example of a storage device stores setting information and a program for operating the CPU 700. The ROM 702, the RAM 704, and / or the hard disk drive 710 store a program for causing the power supply system 10 to function as the power supply system 10 described with reference to FIGS. The program may be stored in the flexible disk 720, the CD-ROM 722, the hard disk drive 710, and the like.

  The FD drive 712 reads a program from the flexible disk 714 and provides it to the CPU 700. The CD-ROM drive 716 reads a program from the CD-ROM 718 and provides it to the CPU 700.

  The program may be read from the recording medium directly into the RAM and executed, or may be once read into the RAM after being installed in the hard disk drive. Further, the program may be stored in a single recording medium or a plurality of recording media. The program stored in the recording medium may provide each function in cooperation with the operating system. For example, the program may request the operating system to perform a part or all of the function and provide the function based on a response from the operating system.

  As a recording medium for storing a program, in addition to a flexible disk and a CD-ROM, an optical recording medium such as a DVD and a PD, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MD, a tape medium, a magnetic recording medium, an IC card, a miniature card, etc. A semiconductor memory or the like can be used. A storage device such as a hard disk or a RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet may be used as a recording medium.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  As is clear from the above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a power supply system that is highly reliable and inexpensive in power supply without being connected to the system.

It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the apartment house 100 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the electric power generation efficiency of a fuel cell (30a-30c). An example of the power consumption of load (40a-40c) is shown. FIG. 3A shows an example of power consumption and power generation amount, and FIG. 3B shows another example of power consumption and power generation amount. It is a figure which shows the other form of the electric power supply system. 2 shows an exemplary configuration of a computer 200 for controlling the power supply system 10.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Electric power supply system, 20 ... Electric power network, 30 ... Fuel cell, 40 ... Load, 50 ... Control part, 60 ... Living part, 100 ... Apartment house, 200 ... Computer, 700 ... CPU, 702 ... ROM, 704 ... RAM, 706 ... Communication I / F, 710 ... Hard disk drive, 712 ... FD drive, 714 ... CD-ROM drive, 720 ... flexible disk, 722 ... CD-ROM

Claims (10)

A power supply system for supplying power to a plurality of loads provided in a plurality of living parts of an apartment house ,
A plurality of fuel cells provided corresponding to the plurality of living units, each generating and supplying electric power to be supplied to the load of the corresponding living unit ;
A power network connected to the plurality of fuel cells, receiving surplus power other than the power supplied to the corresponding load among the power generated by each of the fuel cells, and supplying the load with insufficient power;
If the amount of power to be supplied to each of the loads is smaller than a predetermined first threshold, power generation of the fuel cell corresponding to the load is stopped, and the power to be supplied to the load is transferred to other fuel cells. A power supply system comprising: a control unit that generates power as the surplus power. The control unit stops the power generation when surplus power supplied from the power network to a load corresponding to the fuel cell that has stopped the power generation is greater than a second threshold value that is greater than the first threshold value. 2. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell is caused to generate electric power to be supplied to the load, and the other fuel cell is caused to stop generating the surplus power. 2. The power supply according to claim 1, wherein the control unit causes the fuel cell corresponding to the already activated load to generate electric power necessary when starting each of the loads as the surplus power. system. The control unit causes the corresponding fuel cell to generate electric power to be supplied to the load after a predetermined time has elapsed since the activation of each load, and the surplus power in the other fuel cells is generated. The power supply system according to claim 3, wherein power generation is stopped. The control unit stops power generation of the fuel cell corresponding to the load when an average value of power consumed by each load in a past predetermined time is smaller than the first threshold, The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein power to be supplied to the load is generated as the surplus power in another fuel cell. The control unit reduces the power generation amount of the fuel cell when the power generation amount of the corresponding fuel cell is larger than a predetermined value by the average value of the power consumption of each load within a predetermined time in the past. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein: The control unit increases the power generation amount of the fuel cell corresponding to the load when an average value of power received from the power network by each of the loads in a past predetermined time is larger than a predetermined value. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein: When the surplus power supplied to the power network stores power that is not supplied to the load, and the total demand power of the plurality of loads exceeds the total amount of power that can be generated by the plurality of fuel cells, the power storage A power storage device for supplying the power to the plurality of loads,
2. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit increases the power generation amount of the plurality of fuel cells when the power stored in the power storage device falls below a predetermined value. A program for supplying power from a power supply system to a plurality of loads provided in a plurality of living parts of an apartment house ,
The power supply system;
A plurality of fuel cells provided corresponding to the plurality of living units, each generating and supplying electric power to be supplied to the load of the corresponding living unit ;
A power network connected to the plurality of fuel cells, receiving surplus power other than the power supplied to the corresponding load among the power generated by each of the fuel cells, and supplying the load with insufficient power;
If the amount of power to be supplied to each of the loads is smaller than a predetermined first threshold, power generation of the fuel cell corresponding to the load is stopped, and the power to be supplied to the load is transferred to other fuel cells. A program that functions as a control unit that generates power as the surplus power. An apartment house with a plurality of living units,
A plurality of fuel cells provided corresponding to the plurality of living units, each generating and supplying electric power to be supplied to the corresponding living unit;
A power network connected to the plurality of fuel cells, receiving surplus power other than the power to be supplied to the corresponding living unit among the power generated by each of the fuel cells, and supplying the living unit with insufficient power; ,
If the amount of power to be supplied to each of the living units is smaller than a predetermined first threshold, the power generation of the fuel cell corresponding to the living unit is stopped, and the power to be supplied to the living unit is A collective housing, further comprising a control unit that causes the fuel cell to generate power as the surplus power.

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