JP4198863B2 - Method for purifying N-alkylmaleimide - Google Patents

Method for purifying N-alkylmaleimide Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4198863B2
JP4198863B2 JP2000114508A JP2000114508A JP4198863B2 JP 4198863 B2 JP4198863 B2 JP 4198863B2 JP 2000114508 A JP2000114508 A JP 2000114508A JP 2000114508 A JP2000114508 A JP 2000114508A JP 4198863 B2 JP4198863 B2 JP 4198863B2
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Prior art keywords
alkylmaleimide
water
washing
acid
layer
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JP2001302627A (en
Inventor
義弘 植田
篤 守屋
和夫 岸野
治郎 入口
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Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ABS、PMMA、PVC等の樹脂の耐熱性向上剤や、医薬、農薬の中間体として有用なN−アルキルマレイミド類およびN−アルキルマレイミド類の精製方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
N−アルキルマレイミドの製造方法としては古くから幾つかの方法が知られている。その中で最も一般的な製造方法は、例えば米国特許第2444536号明細書にも開示されているように無水マレイン酸と一級アミンとを反応させ、生成するマレインアミド酸を無水酢酸および酢酸ナトリウムの存在下で脱水閉環し、イミド化する方法である。
【0003】
また、特開昭53−68770号公報明細書のように、無水マレイン酸と一級アミンとを有機溶媒中で反応させて生成したマレインアミド酸を単離することなしに、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシドなどの極性非プロトン性溶媒及び酸触媒の共存下に脱水閉環させる方法がある。
【0004】
さらに、特公平6−23195号公報明細書に開示されているようにマレインアミド酸類を水不溶性または水不混和性の不活性有機溶媒中で酸触媒の存在下に加熱し、閉環イミド化させることによりマレイミド類を製造する方法がある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記したN−アルキルマレイミドの製造方法において副生する副生成物は、一般的に水洗によって水層に抽出し、除去される。N−アルキルマレイミドの副生成物としてはマレイン酸、フマール酸、N−アルキルマレアミン酸、N−アルキルフマレアミン酸、N−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸、2−アルキルアミノ−N−アルキルコハク酸イミド、2−N−アルキルマレアミン酸−N−アルキルコハク酸イミド、2−アルキルアミノ−N−アルキルマレアミン酸、N,N−ジアルキルマレアミン酸などであり酸性物質が多い。
【0006】
それゆえ、水洗に使用される水層は通常pH7以上の弱アルカリ性又はアルカリ性である。このアルカリ水溶液で副生成物の酸性物質を中和し、水溶性塩とすることで水層に抽出し、除去している。しかし、N−アルキルマレイミドは加水分解しやすい性質を持っており、特にアルカリ性での加水分解速度は速い。従って、アルカリ性水溶液で水洗すると副生成物が効率良く除去できるが、同時に主生成物であるN−アルキルマレイミドの加水分解が起こり、水洗時の収率ロスが大きくなるという問題を有している。
【0007】
また、N−アルキルマレイミドの加水分解による水洗時の収率ロスを小さくしようとすると中性の水で水洗すれば良いが、副生成物の除去率が低くなるという問題を有している。上記の何れの方法で水洗を行ってもN−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸だけは殆ど除去できずに残存し、最終的に製品中に混入し製品純度が下がる。また、N−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸の製品中含有量を下げる為に、蒸留工程で精製を行っても、蒸留時のロスが大きくなり、総合収率が下がるという問題を有している。
【0008】
本発明は、上記の様な問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、本発明の課題は、水洗時のN−アルキルマレイミドの加水分解を抑制し、なおかつ従来は除去することが困難であったN−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸を水洗により除去できるN−アルキルマレイミドの精製方法を提供することである。
【0009】
また本発明の他の課題は、N−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸の含有量が少なく純度の高いN−アルキルマレイミド組成物を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記問題を解決する為に鋭意検討したところ、脂肪族アルデヒドの存在下に水洗を行うとN−アルキルマレイミドの加水分解を抑制し、さらにN−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸が選択的に水層に抽出されることを見出し、この発明を完成させるに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、粗製のN−アルキルマレイミドを含む炭化水素溶液を、ホルムアルデヒドを含む水溶液と攪拌混合させることを特徴とするN−アルキルマレイミドの精製方法に関する。
【0012】
前記攪拌混合後に生成する油層と水層とを分離し、該油層から精製されたN−アルキルマレイミドを得ることが好ましい。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられるN−アルキルマレイミドとしては、N−メチルマレイミド、N−エチルマレイミド、N−(n−プロピル)マレイミド、N−イソプロピルマレイミド、N−(n−ブチル)マレイミド、N−(sec−ブチル)マレイミド、N−イソブチルマレイミド、N−(t−ブチル)マレイミド、N−(n−ヘキシル)マレイミド、N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド、N−(n−オクチル)マレイミド、N−(n−ドデシル)マレイミド等が挙げられるが、必ずしもこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0016】
これらの中でもN−シクロヘキシルマレイミドの精製の場合、副生成物である2−シクロヘキシルアミノ無水コハク酸が分離困難であることから、特に本発明に好適に用いられる。
【0017】
ホルムアルデヒドは市販のホルマリン水溶液を使用しても良い。また、ホルムアルデヒドの重合体であるパラホルムアルデヒドを水に溶解して、所望の濃度の水溶液に調製しても良い。また、市販のホルマリン水溶液を使用する場合には安定剤としてのメタノールが含有されていても良い。
【0018】
前記ホルムアルデヒドの水洗時の濃度は、N−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸の除去効果および経済的な面で、0.1〜50重量%が好ましい。
【0019】
本発明の精製方法における水洗時の液温は20〜100℃であるのが好ましい。その中でも30〜90℃がより好ましい。水洗時の液温が20℃に満たない場合は水洗後の水分離に多大な時間を要し、水洗時間が伸び、生産性が下がる場合がある。また、100℃を越える場合は水層と油層の界面が乱れ、水分離が不十分となる場合がある。
【0020】
本発明の精製方法における水洗時間は5〜90分が好ましい。その中でも10〜60分がより好ましい。水洗時間が5分に満たない場合は副生成物の除去率が小さくなる場合がある。また、90分を越える場合は水洗時間が伸び、生産性が下がる場合がある。また水洗のための攪拌は、一般的な攪拌方法で行える。
【0021】
本発明の精製方法に溶剤として使用される炭化水素としては、水不溶性ないし水不混和性の溶剤が好適に用いられる。例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、沸点50〜120℃の石油留分、キシレン類、エチルベンゼン、クメン、プソイドクメン、メシチレン、t−ブチルベンゼン、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、クロルベンゼン等が挙げられる。
【0022】
本発明の精製方法に使用されるN−アルキルマレイミド溶液の濃度は1〜100重量%が好ましい。その中でも10〜50重量%がより好ましい。
【0023】
本発明に精製方法に使用される洗浄水溶液のN−アルキルマレイミド溶液に対する比率は1〜200重量%が好ましい。その中でも5〜150重量%がより好ましい。
【0024】
以上の様にして水洗された液は、油層と水層の2相が生成するので、該油層と水層を通常の手段で分離し、分離された油層から蒸留等の手段により、精製されたN−アルキルマレイミドを得ることが好ましいものである。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、N−シクロヘキシルマレイミドの純度及び、2−シクロヘキシルアミノ無水コハク酸の除去率については高速液体クロマトグラフにより定量し、算出した。
【0028】
製造例1(粗製N−シクロヘキシルマレイミドの合成)
温度計および水分離器を備えた冷却管と、滴下ロートと攪拌機とを備えたフラスコに、オルソキシレン100gを仕込み、これに無水マレイン酸98.1gを加えてフラスコ内の温度を100℃にして無水マレイン酸を溶解した。
【0029】
次いで、上記溶媒600gにシクロヘキシルアミン99.2gを溶解した溶液を撹拌下に1時間で全量滴下してN−シクロヘキシルマレアミン酸の上記溶媒のスラリー液を合成した。
【0030】
次に、上記スラリー液にオルソリン酸85g、ジブチルジチオカルバミン酸銅0.1gを加えて加熱して撹拌下147℃に保ち、反応により生成する水を溶媒と共に系外に留去せしめながら7時間反応させた。反応終了後、147℃で反応液から下層に分離した酸触媒層を分離除去し、粗N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド溶液が865.3g得られた。
【0031】
粗N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド溶液中の固形分(固形分:マレイン酸、フマール酸、N−シクロヘキシルマレアミン酸、N−シクロヘキシルフマレアミン酸、N−シクロヘキシルアミノ無水コハク酸の総和)重量は165.3gであり、固形分濃度は19.1重量%であった。高速液体クロマトグラフで分析した結果、粗N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド中のN−シクロヘキシルマレイミドの純度は83重量%(対固形分)であり、N−シクロヘキシルアミノ無水コハク酸が3.2重量%(対固形分)含まれていた。この粗N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド溶液を用いて、以下の実施例および比較例に供した。
【0032】
実施例1
温度計と冷却器と攪拌機とを備えたジャケット及び水分離用コック付き1000mlセパラブルフラスコに、製造例1で得られた粗N−シクロヘキシルマレイミド溶液500gを仕込み、ジャケットに温水を流して液温を80℃に調節した。
【0033】
次にあらかじめ80℃に調節した35%ホルマリン110gを一括投入し、30分間撹拌し、洗浄を行った。洗浄後10分間静置し、下層の水層をフラスコ下部から抜き出した。
【0034】
水洗浄後の油層を高速液体クロマトグラフにて分析した結果、N−シクロヘキシルアミノ無水コハク酸の除去率は45.4重量%であった。
【0035】
続いて、油層に水を110g投入して液温80℃で30分間撹拌水洗し、水層を分離した。この操作を2回繰り返した後、有機層から10mmHg(abs)の減圧下溶媒を留去した。
【0036】
次に、フラスコ中に新たに0.3gのジブチルジチオカルバミン酸銅を加え、5mmHg(abs)の減圧下、内温130〜150℃に保ちながら30分かけてN−シクロヘキシルマレイミドの蒸留を行った。
【0037】
その結果、143.4gのN−シクロヘキシルマレイミドの白色結晶を得た。このものの純度は99.8重量%であり、収率は原料シクロヘキシルアミンに対して80.0モル%に相当する。結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
実施例2〜8
実施例1とホルマリン濃度、水洗温度、水洗時間を表1の様にした以外は、同様の実験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0039】
比較例1
実施例1と同様の装置で、35%ホルマリンの代わりに5重量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を使用した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を繰り返した。結果を表1に示す。
【0040】
比較例2〜4
実施例1とは、水層への添加物質、濃度、水洗温度、水洗時間を表1に記載した様にした以外は同様の操作を繰り返した。結果を表1に示す。
【0041】
【表1】

Figure 0004198863
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、N−アルキルマレイミドの加水分解を抑制し、なおかつ水洗により分離困難な不純物であるN−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸の水洗除去が可能となる。 したがって、N−アルキルマレイミド類に含まれる不純物であるN−アルキルアミノ無水コハク酸を簡便に効率よく除去することができる。
【0043】
本発明のN−アルキルマレイミドは、各種重合反応用単量体として、また、ABS、PMMA、PVC等の樹脂の耐熱性向上剤や、医薬、農薬の中間体として有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for purifying N-alkylmaleimides and N-alkylmaleimides that are useful as heat resistance improvers for resins such as ABS, PMMA, and PVC, and as intermediates for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing N-alkylmaleimide, several methods have been known for a long time. The most common production method is, for example, the reaction of maleic anhydride with a primary amine as disclosed in US Pat. No. 2,444,536, and the resulting maleamic acid is converted into acetic anhydride and sodium acetate. This is a method of dehydrating and ring-closing in the presence of imidization.
[0003]
Further, as disclosed in JP-A-53-68770, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc. can be used without isolating maleamic acid produced by reacting maleic anhydride and primary amine in an organic solvent. There is a method of dehydrating and ring-closing in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent and an acid catalyst.
[0004]
Furthermore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-23195, maleamic acid is heated in the presence of an acid catalyst in a water-insoluble or water-immiscible inert organic solvent to effect ring-closing imidization. There is a method for producing maleimides.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By-products produced as a by-product in the above-described method for producing N-alkylmaleimide are generally extracted and removed into an aqueous layer by washing with water. By-products of N-alkylmaleimide include maleic acid, fumaric acid, N-alkyl maleamic acid, N-alkyl fumaramic acid, N-alkylamino succinic anhydride, 2-alkylamino-N-alkyl succinimide 2-N-alkylmaleamic acid-N-alkylsuccinimide, 2-alkylamino-N-alkylmaleamic acid, N, N-dialkylmaleamic acid, etc., which have many acidic substances.
[0006]
Therefore, the water layer used for washing is usually weakly alkaline or alkaline having a pH of 7 or higher. By neutralizing the by-product acidic substance with this aqueous alkali solution to form a water-soluble salt, it is extracted into the aqueous layer and removed. However, N-alkylmaleimide has a property of being easily hydrolyzed, and the hydrolysis rate is particularly fast in alkaline. Therefore, by-washing with an alkaline aqueous solution can efficiently remove by-products, but at the same time, hydrolysis of the main product N-alkylmaleimide occurs, resulting in a large yield loss during washing.
[0007]
Further, in order to reduce the yield loss at the time of water washing due to hydrolysis of N-alkylmaleimide, it may be washed with neutral water, but there is a problem that the removal rate of by-products is lowered. Even if washing with water is performed by any of the above methods, only N-alkylamino succinic anhydride can hardly be removed and remains, finally mixed in the product and the product purity is lowered. Moreover, even if it refine | purifies in a distillation process in order to reduce content in the product of N-alkylamino succinic anhydride, there exists a problem that the loss at the time of distillation becomes large and a total yield falls.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and the problem of the present invention is to suppress hydrolysis of N-alkylmaleimide during washing and is difficult to remove conventionally. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for purifying N-alkylmaleimide, which can remove N-alkylaminosuccinic anhydride by washing with water.
[0009]
Another object of the present invention is to provide an N-alkylmaleimide composition having a low content of N-alkylamino succinic anhydride and high purity.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor suppressed hydrolysis of N-alkylmaleimide when washed with water in the presence of an aliphatic aldehyde, and N-alkylaminosuccinic anhydride was selectively used. It has been found that it can be extracted into an aqueous layer, and the present invention has been completed.
[0011]
That is, the present invention relates to a method for purifying N-alkylmaleimide, which comprises stirring and mixing a hydrocarbon solution containing crude N- alkylmaleimide with an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde .
[0012]
It is preferable to separate an oil layer and an aqueous layer generated after the stirring and mixing to obtain a purified N-alkylmaleimide from the oil layer.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the N-alkylmaleimide used in the present invention include N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N- (n-propyl) maleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, N- (n-butyl) maleimide, N- (sec- Butyl) maleimide, N-isobutylmaleimide, N- (t-butyl) maleimide, N- (n-hexyl) maleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N- (n-octyl) maleimide, N- (n-dodecyl) maleimide, etc. However, it is not necessarily limited to these.
[0016]
Among these, in the case of purification of N-cyclohexylmaleimide, 2-cyclohexylamino succinic anhydride, which is a by-product, is difficult to separate, so that it is particularly preferably used in the present invention.
[0017]
As the formaldehyde, a commercially available formalin aqueous solution may be used. Moreover, paraformaldehyde which is a polymer of formaldehyde may be dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous solution having a desired concentration. Moreover, when using a commercially available formalin aqueous solution, methanol as a stabilizer may be contained.
[0018]
The concentration of the formaldehyde in water washing is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight in terms of the removal effect of N-alkylamino succinic anhydride and the economical aspect.
[0019]
The liquid temperature at the time of washing in the purification method of the present invention is preferably 20 to 100 ° C. Among these, 30-90 degreeC is more preferable. When the liquid temperature at the time of water washing is less than 20 ° C., it takes a long time to separate the water after the water washing, and the water washing time may be extended and the productivity may be lowered. Moreover, when it exceeds 100 degreeC, the interface of a water layer and an oil layer may be disordered and water separation may become inadequate.
[0020]
The washing time in the purification method of the present invention is preferably 5 to 90 minutes. Among these, 10 to 60 minutes is more preferable. If the washing time is less than 5 minutes, the byproduct removal rate may be small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90 minutes, the washing time may increase and the productivity may decrease. Moreover, stirring for water washing can be performed by a general stirring method.
[0021]
As the hydrocarbon used as the solvent in the purification method of the present invention, a water-insoluble or water-immiscible solvent is preferably used. Examples thereof include benzene, toluene, petroleum fraction having a boiling point of 50 to 120 ° C., xylenes, ethylbenzene, cumene, pseudocumene, mesitylene, t-butylbenzene, octane, nonane, decane, chlorobenzene and the like.
[0022]
The concentration of the N-alkylmaleimide solution used in the purification method of the present invention is preferably 1 to 100% by weight. Among these, 10 to 50% by weight is more preferable.
[0023]
The ratio of the cleaning aqueous solution used in the purification method of the present invention to the N-alkylmaleimide solution is preferably 1 to 200% by weight. Among these, 5 to 150% by weight is more preferable.
[0024]
Since the liquid washed with water as described above forms two phases, an oil layer and an aqueous layer, the oil layer and the aqueous layer are separated by a normal means, and purified from the separated oil layer by means such as distillation. It is preferred to obtain N-alkylmaleimides.
[0027]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples. The purity of N-cyclohexylmaleimide and the removal rate of 2-cyclohexylamino succinic anhydride were quantified and calculated by a high performance liquid chromatograph.
[0028]
Production Example 1 (Synthesis of crude N-cyclohexylmaleimide)
A flask equipped with a thermometer and a water separator, a dropping funnel and a stirrer was charged with 100 g of orthoxylene, and 98.1 g of maleic anhydride was added thereto to bring the temperature in the flask to 100 ° C. Maleic anhydride was dissolved.
[0029]
Next, a total amount of a solution obtained by dissolving 99.2 g of cyclohexylamine in 600 g of the solvent was dropped over 1 hour with stirring to synthesize a slurry solution of N-cyclohexylmaleamic acid in the above solvent.
[0030]
Next, 85 g of orthophosphoric acid and 0.1 g of copper dibutyldithiocarbamate are added to the slurry and heated and kept at 147 ° C. with stirring, and the reaction is carried out for 7 hours while distilling out the water produced by the reaction together with the solvent. It was. After completion of the reaction, the acid catalyst layer separated into the lower layer from the reaction solution was separated and removed at 147 ° C. to obtain 865.3 g of a crude N-cyclohexylmaleimide solution.
[0031]
Solid content in the crude N-cyclohexylmaleimide solution (solid content: sum of maleic acid, fumaric acid, N-cyclohexylmaleamic acid, N-cyclohexylfumaramic acid, N-cyclohexylamino succinic anhydride) Weight: 165.3 g The solid content concentration was 19.1% by weight. As a result of analysis by high performance liquid chromatography, the purity of N-cyclohexylmaleimide in crude N-cyclohexylmaleimide was 83% by weight (based on solid content), and N-cyclohexylaminosuccinic anhydride was 3.2% by weight (based on solids). Min) was included. This crude N-cyclohexylmaleimide solution was used for the following Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0032]
Example 1
A jacket equipped with a thermometer, a cooler, and a stirrer and a 1000 ml separable flask with a water separation cock were charged with 500 g of the crude N-cyclohexylmaleimide solution obtained in Production Example 1, and warm water was passed through the jacket to adjust the liquid temperature. Adjusted to 80 ° C.
[0033]
Next, 110 g of 35% formalin previously adjusted to 80 ° C. was added all at once, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes for washing. It left still for 10 minutes after washing | cleaning, and extracted the lower layer water layer from the flask lower part.
[0034]
As a result of analyzing the oil layer after water washing by high performance liquid chromatography, the removal rate of N-cyclohexylamino succinic anhydride was 45.4% by weight.
[0035]
Subsequently, 110 g of water was added to the oil layer, washed with stirring at a liquid temperature of 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the aqueous layer was separated. After this operation was repeated twice, the solvent was distilled off from the organic layer under reduced pressure of 10 mmHg (abs).
[0036]
Next, 0.3 g of copper dibutyldithiocarbamate was newly added to the flask, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide was distilled over 30 minutes while maintaining the internal temperature at 130 to 150 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 5 mmHg (abs).
[0037]
As a result, 143.4 g of N-cyclohexylmaleimide white crystals were obtained. The purity of this product is 99.8% by weight, and the yield corresponds to 80.0 mol% with respect to the raw material cyclohexylamine. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
Examples 2-8
The same experiment as in Example 1 was conducted except that the formalin concentration, the washing temperature, and the washing time were as shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Comparative Example 1
In the same apparatus as in Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was repeated except that 5% by weight sodium carbonate aqueous solution was used instead of 35% formalin. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0040]
Comparative Examples 2-4
In Example 1, the same operation was repeated except that the substances added to the aqueous layer, the concentration, the washing temperature, and the washing time were as described in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004198863
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, hydrolysis of N-alkylmaleimide can be suppressed, and N-alkylamino succinic anhydride, which is an impurity difficult to separate by washing with water, can be removed by washing with water. Therefore, N-alkylamino succinic anhydride, which is an impurity contained in N-alkylmaleimides, can be easily and efficiently removed.
[0043]
The N-alkylmaleimide of the present invention is useful as a monomer for various polymerization reactions, as a heat resistance improver for resins such as ABS, PMMA, and PVC, and as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

Claims (2)

粗製のN−アルキルマレイミドを含む炭化水素溶液を、ホルムアルデヒドを含む水溶液と攪拌混合させることを特徴とするN−アルキルマレイミドの精製方法。A method for purifying N- alkylmaleimide , comprising mixing a hydrocarbon solution containing crude N- alkylmaleimide with an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde . 攪拌混合後に生成する油層と水層とを分離し、該油層から生成されたN−アルキルマレイミドを得る請求項1に記載の精製方法。  The purification method according to claim 1, wherein an oil layer and an aqueous layer produced after stirring and mixing are separated to obtain an N-alkylmaleimide produced from the oil layer.
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