JP4191804B2 - Laminated body - Google Patents

Laminated body Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4191804B2
JP4191804B2 JP23606595A JP23606595A JP4191804B2 JP 4191804 B2 JP4191804 B2 JP 4191804B2 JP 23606595 A JP23606595 A JP 23606595A JP 23606595 A JP23606595 A JP 23606595A JP 4191804 B2 JP4191804 B2 JP 4191804B2
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Prior art keywords
layer
polyvinyl chloride
plasticizer
laminate
adhesive
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JPH0957914A (en
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英史 大西
邦芳 浅野
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は汚染除去性に優れたポリ塩化ビニル系積層体に関し、より詳しくは充填剤及び可塑剤を含有するポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/エチレン含有量20〜50モル%酢酸ビニル成分のケン化度95モル%以上のエチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体層からなる積層体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来よりポリ塩化ビニルシートはその柔軟性、透明性、経済性、加工性等の点から、壁紙や自動車の内装用資材、農業用資材、事務用什器等においていわゆる塩ビレザーとして多用されてきた。しかしながら、一方では、含有中の可塑剤による汚染(移行、滲出等)が最大の欠点であることも事実である。この防止策として可塑剤の減量が考えられるが、可塑剤の含有量が減ると軟質ポリ塩化ビニルシートの特徴である柔軟性が低下してしまい本来の特性が失われてしまう。
【0003】
この欠点を鑑み、軟質ポリ塩化ビニルシートに防汚用のエチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(以下EVOHと略記する)層を積層する方法(実開昭59−172797号公報)や軟質ポリ塩化ビニルシートと特定のEVOHを積層する方法(特開昭60−224542号公報)が提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら実開昭59−172797号公報開示技術では、ポリ塩化ビニル中の可塑剤の移行により、ポリ塩化ビニルとEVOHの接着性が乏しく、接着剤層の厚みを厚くする必要があるためコスト高となるという問題があった。又特開昭60−224542号公報開示技術では、接着剤層の厚みは薄くできるものの、そのため可塑剤の移行により接着力が低下し、更に得られた積層体は壁紙等の内装用資材に供した場合、可塑剤の滲出により、コーヒー等が付着すると表面が汚染してしまうという問題があり、更に表面硬度、耐候性の点でも不十分であった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、かかる課題を解決するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、充填剤及び可塑剤を含有するポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/エチレン含有量20〜50モル%酢酸ビニル成分のケン化度95モル%以上のEVOH層からなり、ポリ塩化ビニル層に含有される充填剤量(x)及び可塑剤量(y)、接着剤層の厚み(α)が下式を満足し、かつ、前記可塑剤量(y)が、ポリ塩化ビニル、充填剤および可塑剤の合計量に対して、5重量%より多く、40重量%未満である積層体が壁紙等の内装用資材に供した時にコーヒー等の付着に対する汚染除去性に優れ、更には可塑剤の移行防止性、耐薬品性、表面硬度、耐候性等にも優れているという事実を見出し、本発明を完成した。
30≦α・x≦100
20≦x≦100
但しx、yはポリ塩化ビニル100重量部に対するそれぞれの含有量(重量部)を表し、αは接着剤層の厚み(μ)を表す。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で用いるポリ塩化ビニル層には、ポリ塩化ビニルに充填剤、可塑剤、安定剤、難燃剤、着色剤、発泡剤、防かび剤、防臭剤、帯電防止剤等を含有して、シートやフィルム状に成形されたもので、該充填剤としてはステアリン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ソルビタンステアレート、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、クレー、コロイダルシリカ、酸化チタン、雲母、石綿などがある。該充填剤の含有量、即ち充填剤量(x)はポリ塩化ビニルを100重量部とした時、20〜100重量部が好ましい。該充填剤量(x)が20重量部未満の場合、寸法安定性が低下し、又施工性も低下するため好ましくなく、100重量部を越えると柔軟性が低下し、更に強度や耐薬品性等が低下するため好ましくない。
【0007】
又ポリ塩化ビニル層に含まれる可塑剤としては、例えばジブチルフタレート、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート、ジイソオクチルフタレート、ジイソデシルフタレート、ジノニルフタレート、ジデシルフタレート、ジラウリルフタレート、ブチルラウリルフタレート、ブチルベンジルフタレート、ジシクロヘキシルフタレート、アルコールの炭素数13以上のフタル酸ジエステルなどのフタレート系可塑剤、トリクレジルホスフェート、トリブチルホスフェート、トリ−2−エチルヘキシルホスフェートなどのホスフェート系、塩素化パラフィンなどの含塩素系可塑剤、ジ−ペンタエリスリトール脂肪酸エステルなどの多価アルコール系可塑剤、トリオクチルトリメリテートなどのトリメリット酸系可塑剤などがあり、好ましくはジブチルフタレート、ジー2−エチルヘキシルフタレート、ジイソオクチルフタレート、ブチルベンジルフタレートが用いられる。
【0008】
該可塑剤の含有量、即ち可塑剤量(y)はポリ塩化ビニルを100重量部とした時、10〜70重量部が好ましく、更に好ましくは20〜60重量部である。該可塑剤量が10重量部未満の場合、ポリ塩化ビニルの柔軟性が不十分となるなど、いわゆる軟質ポリ塩化ビニルとしての特性の十分な発現が期待できず、70重量部を越えると強度等の物理的特性の低下等をきたし好ましくない。
ポリ塩化ビニル層の厚みとしては、50〜2000μが好ましく、更に好ましくは、70〜200μである。厚みが50μ未満の場合、こし,ボリューム感が低下し、2000μを越えると施工性不良となり好ましくない。
【0009】
本発明の接着剤層に用いる接着剤は、EVOHとポリ塩化ビニルの両者に接着性を示すものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールとアジピン酸等の二塩基酸とを重縮合して得られるポリエステル系接着剤、酢酸ビニルと塩化ビニルの共重合体の部分ケン化物等を分子中に2個以上のイソシアネート基を有する化合物、例えば1モルの1,6−ヘキサメチレングリコールと2モルの2,4−トリレンジイソシアネートとの反応物とか、1モルのトリメチロールプロパンと3モルのトリレンジイソシアネートとの反応物とを混合して得られる接着剤等の反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤、ポリ塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル系接着剤又は該系に、例えば無水マレイン酸などの第3成分を含む接着剤、ポリアクリル酸ないしアクリル酸を主体とする共重合物を一成分とし、他の成分が塩化ビニル系樹脂であるグラフトポリマー等を接着剤として用いることができ、好ましくは反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤を用いる。
【0010】
接着剤層の厚み(α)は特に限定されないが、0.3μ≦α≦5.0μが好ましく、更に好ましくは0.5μ≦α≦3.0μである。αが0.3μ未満では接着強度不足となり好ましくなく、5.0μを越えると柔軟性が低下するため好ましくない。尚上記の厚み(α)は、接着剤が溶剤系等の場合は塗布乾燥後の厚みを表わす。
【0011】
本発明のEVOH層に用いるEVOHは、エチレン含有量が20〜50モル%であり、好ましくは25〜45モル%である。エチレン含有量が20モル%未満では耐水性不良、汚染除去性が不充分となり好ましくなく、50モル%を越えると可塑剤移行防止能が不充分となり、耐油、耐溶剤性が不良となり好ましくない。
【0012】
又酢酸ビニル成分のケン化度としては、95モル%以上が好ましく、95モル%未満の場合、可塑剤移行防止能が不充分となり、耐油、耐溶剤性が不良となり好ましくない。
【0013】
EVOH層の厚みは特に限定されないが、0.5〜20μ程度が好ましく、0.5μ未満では、十分な可塑剤の移行防止性が発揮し難く、一方20μ以上の厚みではそのコントロールに困難を生じる。
【0014】
本発明においては上記のポリ塩化ビニル、接着剤及びEVOHからなるポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/EVOH層からなる積層体において、充填剤量(x)、可塑剤量(y)及び接着層の厚み(α)を下式を満足するようにコントロールすることが最大の特徴である。
2.5<(100+x+y)/y<20
30≦α・x≦100
但しx、yはポリ塩化ビニル樹脂100重量部に対するそれぞれの含有量(重量部)を表し、αは接着剤層の厚み(μ)を表す。
【0015】
即ちポリ塩化ビニル層中の充填剤量(x)及び可塑剤量(y)から算出される(100+x+y)/yの範囲としては2.5<(100+x+y)/y<20であることが必要であり、好ましくは3.0<(100+x+y)/y<10、更に好ましくは3.5<(100+x+y)/y<8.0である。(100+x+y)/yが2.5以下の時には可塑剤のポリ塩化ビニル層表面への移行が顕著となり好ましくなく、又20以上の時には、柔軟性の低下及び二次加工性の低下が認められ好ましくない。
【0016】
また接着剤層の厚み(α)とポリ塩化ビニル層中の充填剤量(x)との積α・xの範囲は30≦α・x≦100であることが必要であり、好ましくは30≦α・x≦100であり、更に好ましくは25≦α・x≦75である。α・xが30未満の時には汚染除去性が低下し、基材と剥離性が顕著となり好ましくなく、又100を越えると、柔軟性、基材との接着力が低下し好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明ではポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/EVOH層からなる積層体が上記の条件を満足していればよく、その各層の形成法、積層方法については特に限定されないが、通常はポリ塩化ビニルフィルム又はシートの片面に接着剤を介してEVOH層を溶液コーティング法、押出コーティング法、ドライラミネーション法等の公知の方法により形成させる方法が用いられる。かかる方法について以下に説明する。
【0018】
溶液コーティング法で本発明の積層体を作製するには、マイヤーバー、コンマ、グラビア及びリバースロール方式等のローラーコーティング法、スプレーコーティング法、ディップコーティング法等の公知の方法で、予めポリウレタン系あるいはポリエステル系の接着剤をコートして接着剤層を設けたポリ塩化ビニル層上に水−アルコール含有EVOH溶液をコーティングして積層体を作製する。この場合、ウレタン系接着剤が好適に用いられ、該接着剤の塗布量としては、乾燥後の接着剤層の厚み(α)が上記条件を満足する塗布量であれば良く、具体的には0.3〜5g/m2、好ましくは0.5〜3g/m2程度である。
【0019】
その後、公知の方法で乾燥が行われる。具体的には、乾燥温度が30〜150℃、好ましくは70〜120℃程度で3秒〜5分程度加熱すればよい。かかる乾燥において塗膜中の揮発分(水、アルコール)が除去されるのであるが、通常揮発分が2重量%以下となるまで行えば良い。
【0020】
押出コーティング法で本発明の積層体を作製するには、予めポリエステル系接着剤あるいは反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤をポリ塩化ビニル層上のコートして接着剤層を設ける。接着剤については上記溶液コーティング法と同様に塗布すればよく、該接着剤の塗布量としては、上記と同様に接着剤層の厚み(α)を満足する塗布量であれば良く、具体的には0.3〜5g/m2、好ましくは0.5〜3g/m2程度である。
その後公知のエクストルージョンコーター等の溶融押出機によりEVOHを120〜220℃程度の温度でポリ塩化ビニル層上にダイより押出してコーティングして積層体を作製する。
【0021】
ドライラミネーション法で本発明の積層体を作製するには、EVOHフィルム(未延伸、一軸延伸、二軸延伸)を作製して、有機チタン接着剤、反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤、ポリエステル系接着剤等の公知の接着剤を用いてポリ塩化ビニルフィルムとドライラミネートして積層体を作製する。又この場合反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤が好適に用いられ該接着剤のEVOHフィルム又はポリ塩化ビニルフィルムへの塗布量としては、上記と同様接着剤層の厚み(α)を満足する塗布量であれば良く、具体的には1〜10g/m2、好ましくは2〜5g/m2程度である。
該接着剤の塗布はグラビアコート、ロールコート、ドクターロールコート、ドクターナイフコート、バーコート、カーテンフローコートなどの任意の手段で行われる。
【0022】
本発明ではポリ塩化ビニル層に充填剤、可塑剤を含むが、これとは別に接着剤層又はEVOH層中の少なくとも1つの層に可塑剤、安定剤、界面活性剤、架橋性物質(エポキシ化合物、多価金属、無機又は有機の多塩基酸又はその塩等)、充填剤、着色剤、補強材としての繊維(ガラス繊維、炭素繊維等)、艶消剤(タルク、シリカ系粉末、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン等の樹脂微粒子粉末)等を本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において配合することもできる。
【0023】
本発明においてはかかるEVOH層の赤外線吸収スペクトルにおける1090cm-1に対する1140cm-1の吸光度比を0.65以上とすることが好ましく、更に0.70〜1.30となる様にコントロールすることが好ましい。1090cm-1に対する1140cm-1の吸光度比が0.65未満のときは可塑剤移行防止能が低下し、更に耐薬品性、表面強度が不足し好ましくない。
【0024】
かかる赤外線吸収スペクトルにおける1140cm-1はEVOHの結晶性バンドが現れる点であり、一方1090cm-1はC−0の伸縮運動に基づく吸収が現れる点である。本発明では吸光度比を上記の如く特定することが好ましく、換言すれば本発明では結晶性が向上したEVOH層を用いることが好ましく、かかるEVOH層は気体ないし液体の遮断性が著しく向上するため、添加物移行防止等の用途に大変適している。
【0025】
該コントロールの方法として通常は熱処理する方法が採用され、該処理は乾燥を実施した温度より20℃以上高い温度、通常は100℃以上から、170℃程度の温度で1〜60秒程度行われる。
上記の溶液コーティング法や押出コーティング法でEVOH層を形成する場合には、積層後熱処理をすれば良く、ドライラミネーション法においては積層前のEVOHフィルム単体あるいは積層後に熱処理をすればよい。
【0026】
又上記で述べた積層法により得られた積層体は、意匠性等の付加価値を高めるために該積層体の少なくとも一方の表面にエンボス加工を施して凹凸模様を形成することも有用であり、凹凸模様としては木目導管模様、塗装板の表面を模したもの、抽象模様、石目模様、布目模様、万線模様、木肌模様及びそれらを組み合わせたもの等を用いることができる。
又エンボス加工により形成する凹凸模様の深さは模様により異なるが、壁紙用途の場合、通常20〜100μ程度に形成するのが、良好な立体感を付与することとなり好ましい。
【0027】
エンボス加工により凹凸模様を形成する方法としては、EVOH層を形成した後に所望の凹凸模様を形成した通常の熱エンボス機を用いてエンボス加工を施す方法や、エクストルージョンコート装置の冷却ロール等に所望の凹凸模様を付与したエンボスロールを用い、EVOH層を形成するのと同時にエンボス加工を行う所謂ダブリングエンボス法等いわゆるメカニカルエンボス法あるいは発泡抑制剤や発泡促進剤を含むインクを印刷し、発泡工程で凹凸模様をつけるケミカルエンボス法等が用いられる。
【0028】
かくして得られた積層体は、建築用や自動車用の内装用資材、農業用資材、事務用什器等の広い用途を有しているが、特に壁紙等の内装用資材や農業用ビニルシート等の農業用資材、塩ビレザーを用いた手帳等の表紙、事務用品保護シート等に大変有用である。
【0029】
本発明の積層体を用いて壁紙を製作する場合は、本発明の積層体に洋紙、和紙、不織布、アスベスト、紙、ガラス、繊維、布等の基材を粘(接)着を塗布し、カレンダー法、ラミネート法等の方法で張り合わせる。かかる壁紙を壁に貼着する場合には、一般に用いられる公知の接着剤を基材に塗布し、壁面に圧着させればよい。
【0030】
本発明の積層体を農業用ビニルシートに用いる場合も壁紙等の内装用資材と同様の方法で得られたポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/EVOH層からなる積層体をそのまま利用することができる。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。
尚、実施例中、「部」、「%」とあるのは、特に断りのない限り重量基準である。
実施例1
厚さ12μエチレン含有30モル%、酢酸ビニルのケン化度99.8モル%のEVOHフィルム(一軸延伸フィルム)にグラビアコーターで接着剤として固形分濃度20重量%の反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤と硬化剤cat−10(東洋モートン社製)を塗布量2g/m2となるようにコートし(乾燥後の厚さ1.0μ)、温度110℃、3分間乾燥後、軟質ポリ塩化ビニル100部に対して可塑剤として、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート50部、充填剤としてステアリン酸バリウム50部を含有する厚さ1mmのシートにドライラミネーション法で110℃の温度条件下、EVOHフィルムを積層した。その後に木目導管模様を形成した通常の熱エンボス機を用いてエンボス加工を施した。なお積層体を作製する際に用いたEVOHフィルムは120〜150℃で1分間熱処理を施したもので、該フィルムの赤外線吸収スペクトルの吸光度比(D1140/D1090)をJISK−0117に基づいて測定したところ0.82であった。更に該積層体について下記の接着力、汚染除去性、可塑剤移行防止能、耐薬品性、表面強度、耐候性の評価を行った。
【0032】
また該積層体を用いて積層体/反応型ウレタン系粘着剤/基材(洋紙)の構成からなる壁紙を作製し壁に貼着したが、従来の壁紙と何ら遜色のない作業性及び仕上がりであった。
【0033】
▲1▼接着力
EVOH層とポリ塩化ビニル層の接着力を積層体完成直後と10日後にT−ピール法で接着力を測定し、経時的な接着力の低下を下記の基準で評価した。
○・・・1%未満
△・・・1〜5%未満
×・・・5%以上
【0034】
▲2▼汚染除去性
積層体のEVOH表面に70℃のホットコーヒーを直径2cm程度の大きさに塗布あるいは滴下し、室温で24時間放置後に水を含ませたさらし木綿でふき取った後の積層体の汚染除去性を以下の様に評価した。なおポリ塩化ビニルシート単独層についても同様に行った。
○・・・完全にふき取れて汚染の痕跡が残らない。
△・・・ポリ塩化ビニルシート単独のよりも汚染除去性は良いが、汚染の痕跡が残る。
×・・・ポリ塩化ビニルシート単独と同じ程度の汚染除去性で汚染の痕跡が残る。
【0035】
▲3▼可塑剤移行防止能
70℃、90%RHの雰囲気下、100mm×100mmの積層体のEVOH表面に直径50mm、厚み3mmのポリスチレン円板を接触させ、その上から10kg/m2の荷重をかけ、10日間の可塑剤の移行量をポリスチレン円板の単位面積当たりの重量変化で測定した。
○・・・1mg/cm2未満
△・・・1〜1.5mg/cm2未満
×・・・1.5mg/cm2以上
【0036】
▲4▼耐薬品性
20℃、7日間100mm×100mmの積層体のEVOH表面に酢酸エチル、メチルエチルケトン、トルエンを含ませた各スポンジ(100mmφ円形×10mm厚み)を直接接触させた後、該積層体を取り出し、重量変化を測定して以下の様に評価した。
○・・・3種の溶剤すべてにおいて、0.01重量%未満の重量増
×・・・3種の溶剤の内少なくとも1種において0.01重量%以上の重量増
【0037】
▲5▼表面強度
JIS L 0823による表面摩耗堅ロウ度テストを行い、以下の様に評価した。
○・・・表面が試験前と変化なし。
△・・・表面がやや摩耗された状態である。
×・・・表面が完全に摩耗された状態である。
【0038】
▲6▼耐候性
100mm×100mmの積層体のEVOH表面に254nmのUV照射(15W)を光源から30cm離し、60日間放置した時の黄変を、YI値で以下の様に評価した。
○・・・2未満
△・・・2〜5未満
×・・・5以上
【0039】
実施例2〜4
充填剤、可塑剤の量、接着層の厚みを表1に示す様に適宜変化させて、実施例1と同様に積層体を作製し、同様に評価した。
【0040】
実施例5
エンボスロールの替わりに、通常のロールを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に積層体を作製し同様に評価した。
【0041】
実施例6
エチレン含有30%、酢酸ビニルのケン化度99.8モル%のEVOH16部、水42部、メタノール42部からなる溶液を、グラビア方式のローラーコーティング法で、予め反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤をアンカーコートして接着剤層を設けたポリ塩化ビニル層上に塗布量としては15〜20g/m2(wet時)でコーティングして積層体を作製する。その後、乾燥温度が100℃、で180秒加熱する。又続いて170℃程度の温度で熱処理をした。その後実施例1と同様にエンボス加工を行って得られた積層体について同様に評価した。
【0042】
比較例1〜5
充填剤量、可塑剤量、接着剤層の厚みを表1に示す様に適宜変化させて実施例1と同様に積層体を作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例及び比較例の評価結果を表3に示す。
【0043】
【表1】

Figure 0004191804
【0044】
【表2】
Figure 0004191804
【0045】
【表3】
Figure 0004191804
【0046】
【発明の効果】
本発明のポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/EVOH層からなる積層体はポリ塩化ビニル層の可塑剤量、充填剤量及び接着剤層の厚みが特定の関係を満足するため、汚染除去性に優れ、更には可塑剤移行防止能、耐薬品性、表面強度、耐候性等にも優れ、特に壁紙等の内装用資材に大変有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polyvinyl chloride laminate having excellent decontamination properties, and more specifically, a polyvinyl chloride layer / adhesive layer containing a filler and a plasticizer / ken of 20 to 50 mol% vinyl acetate component. The present invention relates to a laminate comprising an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer layer having a degree of conversion of 95 mol% or more.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a polyvinyl chloride sheet has been widely used as a so-called PVC leather in wallpaper, interior materials for automobiles, agricultural materials, office furniture and the like because of its flexibility, transparency, economy, and processability. However, on the other hand, it is also true that contamination (migration, leaching, etc.) by the plasticizer contained is the biggest drawback. As a preventive measure, the amount of plasticizer can be reduced. However, when the content of the plasticizer is reduced, the softness characteristic of the flexible polyvinyl chloride sheet is lowered and the original characteristics are lost.
[0003]
In view of this drawback, a method of laminating an antifouling ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as EVOH) layer on a soft polyvinyl chloride sheet (Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-172797) or a soft polyvinyl chloride sheet And a method of laminating a specific EVOH (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-224542) has been proposed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the technology disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-17297, the adhesive between polyvinyl chloride and EVOH is poor due to the migration of the plasticizer in the polyvinyl chloride, and it is necessary to increase the thickness of the adhesive layer. There was a problem of becoming. In the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-224542, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be reduced. However, the adhesive force is lowered by the migration of the plasticizer, and the obtained laminate is used for interior materials such as wallpaper. In this case, there is a problem that the surface is contaminated when coffee or the like adheres due to the exudation of the plasticizer, and the surface hardness and weather resistance are also insufficient.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve such problems, the present inventors have saponified a polyvinyl chloride layer / filler layer / ethylene content 20-50 mol% vinyl acetate component containing a filler and a plasticizer. An EVOH layer having a degree of 95 mol% or more, the amount of filler (x) and the amount of plasticizer (y) contained in the polyvinyl chloride layer, the thickness (α) of the adhesive layer satisfies the following formula , and the plasticizer amount (y) is polyvinyl chloride, the total amount of fillers and plasticizers, more than 5 wt%, the laminate Ru der less than 40% by weight is subjected to materials for interior such as wallpaper The present invention has been completed by finding the fact that it is sometimes excellent in decontamination for adhesion of coffee or the like, and further excellent in plasticizer migration prevention, chemical resistance, surface hardness, weather resistance and the like.
30 ≦ α · x ≦ 100
20 ≦ x ≦ 100
However, x and y represent each content (part by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, and α represents the thickness (μ) of the adhesive layer.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The polyvinyl chloride layer used in the present invention contains a filler, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a foaming agent, a fungicide, a deodorant, an antistatic agent, etc. in a polyvinyl chloride sheet. Examples of the filler include barium stearate, zinc stearate, sorbitan stearate, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, clay, colloidal silica, titanium oxide, mica, and asbestos. The content of the filler, that is, the filler amount (x) is preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight when 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride. When the amount of the filler (x) is less than 20 parts by weight, it is not preferable because the dimensional stability is lowered and the workability is also lowered, and when it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the flexibility is lowered and the strength and chemical resistance are further reduced. Etc. are not preferable.
[0007]
Examples of the plasticizer contained in the polyvinyl chloride layer include dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dilauryl phthalate, butyl lauryl phthalate, and butyl benzyl. Phthalate plasticizers such as phthalates, dicyclohexyl phthalates, and phthalic acid diesters having 13 or more carbon atoms of alcohol, phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, and chlorine-containing plastics such as chlorinated paraffin Agents, polyhydric alcohol plasticizers such as di-pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, and trimellitic acid plasticizers such as trioctyl trimellitate, preferably dibutyl Tallate, di 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate used.
[0008]
The content of the plasticizer, that is, the plasticizer amount (y) is preferably 10 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 60 parts by weight, when polyvinyl chloride is 100 parts by weight. When the amount of the plasticizer is less than 10 parts by weight, the polyvinyl chloride cannot have sufficient flexibility such as insufficient flexibility, and when it exceeds 70 parts by weight, the strength, etc. This is not preferable because it causes a decrease in physical properties of the film.
As a thickness of a polyvinyl chloride layer, 50-2000 micrometers is preferable, More preferably, it is 70-200 micrometers. When the thickness is less than 50 μm, the feeling of volume and volume is lowered, and when it exceeds 2000 μm, the workability is unfavorable.
[0009]
The adhesive used in the adhesive layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits adhesion to both EVOH and polyvinyl chloride. For example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and dibasic acid such as adipic acid are combined. A polyester adhesive obtained by condensation, a partially saponified product of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, etc., a compound having two or more isocyanate groups in the molecule, for example, 1 mol of 1,6-hexamethylene glycol Reactive polyurethane adhesives such as an adhesive obtained by mixing a reaction product of 2 mol of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or a reaction product of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane and 3 mol of tolylene diisocyanate , Polyvinyl chloride-vinyl acetate adhesive, or an adhesive containing a third component such as maleic anhydride in the system, polyacryl Or a copolymer composed mainly of acrylic acid as one component, the other components can be used as an adhesive to a graft polymer is a vinyl chloride resin, preferably using a reactive polyurethane adhesive.
[0010]
The thickness (α) of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.3 μ ≦ α ≦ 5.0 μ, and more preferably 0.5 μ ≦ α ≦ 3.0 μ. When α is less than 0.3 μm, the adhesive strength is insufficient, which is not preferable. In addition, said thickness ((alpha)) represents the thickness after application | coating drying, when an adhesive agent is a solvent type | system | group.
[0011]
The EVOH used in the EVOH layer of the present invention has an ethylene content of 20 to 50 mol%, preferably 25 to 45 mol%. If the ethylene content is less than 20 mol%, the water resistance is poor and the decontamination property is insufficient, and if it exceeds 50 mol%, the plasticizer migration preventing ability is insufficient, and the oil resistance and solvent resistance are poor.
[0012]
The saponification degree of the vinyl acetate component is preferably 95 mol% or more, and if it is less than 95 mol%, the ability to prevent plasticizer migration is insufficient, and the oil resistance and solvent resistance are poor, which is not preferable.
[0013]
The thickness of the EVOH layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.5 to 20 μm, and if it is less than 0.5 μm, it is difficult to sufficiently prevent the plasticizer from migrating. .
[0014]
In the present invention, in the laminate comprising the polyvinyl chloride layer / adhesive layer / EVOH layer comprising the above polyvinyl chloride, adhesive and EVOH, the amount of filler (x), the amount of plasticizer (y) and the adhesive layer The greatest feature is to control the thickness (α) to satisfy the following formula.
2.5 <(100 + x + y) / y <20
30 ≦ α · x ≦ 100
However, x and y represent each content (part by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, and α represents the thickness (μ) of the adhesive layer.
[0015]
That is, the range of (100 + x + y) / y calculated from the amount of filler (x) and the amount of plasticizer (y) in the polyvinyl chloride layer needs to be 2.5 <(100 + x + y) / y <20. Yes, preferably 3.0 <(100 + x + y) / y <10, more preferably 3.5 <(100 + x + y) / y <8.0. When (100 + x + y) / y is 2.5 or less, the migration of the plasticizer to the surface of the polyvinyl chloride layer is not preferable, and when it is 20 or more, a decrease in flexibility and a decrease in secondary workability are recognized. Absent.
[0016]
The range of the product α · x of the thickness (α) of the adhesive layer and the amount of filler (x) in the polyvinyl chloride layer must be 30 ≦ α · x ≦ 100, preferably 30 ≦ α · x ≦ 100, and more preferably 25 ≦ α · x ≦ 75. When α · x is less than 30, the decontamination property is deteriorated and the peelability from the substrate becomes remarkable, which is not preferable. When it exceeds 100, the flexibility and the adhesive force with the substrate are decreased.
[0017]
In the present invention, it is sufficient that the laminate comprising the polyvinyl chloride layer / adhesive layer / EVOH layer satisfies the above-mentioned conditions, and the formation method and lamination method of each layer are not particularly limited. A method of forming an EVOH layer on one side of a film or sheet by a known method such as a solution coating method, an extrusion coating method, or a dry lamination method through an adhesive is used. Such a method will be described below.
[0018]
In order to produce the laminate of the present invention by the solution coating method, a polyurethane or polyester is used in advance by a known method such as a roller coating method such as a Mayer bar, comma, gravure, or reverse roll method, a spray coating method, or a dip coating method. A laminate is prepared by coating a water-alcohol-containing EVOH solution on a polyvinyl chloride layer provided with an adhesive layer by coating a system adhesive. In this case, a urethane-based adhesive is preferably used, and the coating amount of the adhesive may be a coating amount that satisfies the above condition so that the thickness (α) of the adhesive layer after drying satisfies the above conditions. It is about 0.3 to 5 g / m 2 , preferably about 0.5 to 3 g / m 2 .
[0019]
Thereafter, drying is performed by a known method. Specifically, it may be heated at a drying temperature of 30 to 150 ° C., preferably about 70 to 120 ° C. for about 3 seconds to 5 minutes. In such drying, the volatile components (water, alcohol) in the coating film are removed, but it may be performed until the volatile components become 2% by weight or less.
[0020]
In order to produce the laminate of the present invention by the extrusion coating method, a polyester adhesive or a reactive polyurethane adhesive is previously coated on the polyvinyl chloride layer to provide an adhesive layer. The adhesive may be applied in the same manner as in the solution coating method, and the amount of the adhesive applied may be an amount that satisfies the thickness (α) of the adhesive layer in the same manner as described above. Is about 0.3 to 5 g / m 2 , preferably about 0.5 to 3 g / m 2 .
Thereafter, EVOH is extruded from a die onto the polyvinyl chloride layer at a temperature of about 120 to 220 ° C. by a known melt extruder such as an extrusion coater to prepare a laminate.
[0021]
In order to produce the laminate of the present invention by the dry lamination method, an EVOH film (unstretched, uniaxially stretched, biaxially stretched) is produced, and an organic titanium adhesive, a reactive polyurethane adhesive, a polyester adhesive, etc. A laminate is prepared by dry lamination with a polyvinyl chloride film using a known adhesive. In this case, a reactive polyurethane adhesive is preferably used, and the amount of the adhesive applied to the EVOH film or the polyvinyl chloride film should be an amount satisfying the thickness (α) of the adhesive layer as described above. Specifically, it is about 1 to 10 g / m 2 , preferably about 2 to 5 g / m 2 .
The adhesive is applied by any means such as gravure coating, roll coating, doctor roll coating, doctor knife coating, bar coating, and curtain flow coating.
[0022]
In the present invention, the polyvinyl chloride layer contains a filler and a plasticizer. Separately, at least one of the adhesive layer or the EVOH layer contains a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a surfactant, a crosslinkable substance (epoxy compound). , Polyvalent metals, inorganic or organic polybasic acids or salts thereof), fillers, colorants, fibers as reinforcing materials (glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc.), matting agents (talc, silica-based powder, polyethylene, Resin fine particle powders such as polyurethane) can also be blended within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
[0023]
It is preferred that it is preferable to the ratio of the absorbance at 1140 cm -1 0.65 or more, more controlled as a 0.70 to 1.30 with respect to 1090 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectrum of such EVOH layer in the present invention . 1090cm absorbance ratio of 1140 cm -1 relative to -1 decreases plasticizers transfer inhibiting ability when less than 0.65, further chemical resistance, surface strength is insufficient undesirably.
[0024]
1140 cm -1 in such infrared absorption spectrum is a point appears crystallinity bands EVOH, whereas 1090 cm -1 is that the appearance of absorption based on stretching vibration of C-0. In the present invention, it is preferable to specify the absorbance ratio as described above. In other words, in the present invention, it is preferable to use an EVOH layer with improved crystallinity, and the EVOH layer has a significantly improved gas or liquid barrier property. Very suitable for applications such as prevention of additive migration.
[0025]
As the control method, a heat treatment method is usually employed, and the treatment is performed at a temperature 20 ° C. or higher, usually from 100 ° C. or higher to about 170 ° C. for about 1 to 60 seconds.
When the EVOH layer is formed by the above solution coating method or extrusion coating method, heat treatment may be performed after lamination, and in the dry lamination method, heat treatment may be performed on a single EVOH film before lamination or after lamination.
[0026]
In addition, the laminate obtained by the laminating method described above is also useful to form an uneven pattern by embossing at least one surface of the laminate in order to increase added value such as designability, As the concavo-convex pattern, a wood grain conduit pattern, a pattern imitating the surface of a painted plate, an abstract pattern, a stone pattern, a cloth pattern, a line pattern, a bark pattern, and a combination thereof can be used.
Moreover, although the depth of the uneven | corrugated pattern formed by embossing changes with patterns, in the case of a wallpaper use, forming in about 20-100 micrometers normally gives a favorable three-dimensional effect, and is preferable.
[0027]
As a method of forming a concavo-convex pattern by embossing, a method of embossing using a normal hot embossing machine in which a desired concavo-convex pattern is formed after forming an EVOH layer, a cooling roll of an extrusion coating apparatus, etc. are desired. Using an embossing roll with a concavo-convex pattern, printing an ink containing a so-called mechanical embossing method such as a so-called doubling embossing method or embossing at the same time as forming an EVOH layer, or a foaming inhibitor or foaming accelerator. The chemical embossing method etc. which give an uneven pattern are used.
[0028]
The laminate thus obtained has wide applications such as interior materials for buildings and automobiles, agricultural materials, office furniture, etc., especially interior materials such as wallpaper and agricultural vinyl sheets. It is very useful for agricultural materials, covers such as notebooks made of PVC leather, and office supplies protection sheets.
[0029]
When producing wallpaper using the laminate of the present invention, the laminate of the present invention is coated with a base material such as paper, Japanese paper, non-woven fabric, asbestos, paper, glass, fiber, cloth, etc. Laminate by a method such as calendering or laminating. In the case of sticking such wallpaper to a wall, a known adhesive that is generally used may be applied to a base material and bonded to the wall surface.
[0030]
When the laminate of the present invention is used for agricultural vinyl sheets, a laminate comprising a polyvinyl chloride layer / adhesive layer / EVOH layer obtained by the same method as interior materials such as wallpaper can be used as it is. .
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
In the examples, “parts” and “%” are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Reacting polyurethane adhesive with a solid content of 20% by weight as an adhesive on an EVOH film (uniaxially stretched film) with a thickness of 12μ ethylene and 30 mol% vinyl acetate and a saponification degree of 99.8 mol% of vinyl acetate. Agent cat-10 (manufactured by Toyo Morton Co., Ltd.) was coated to a coating amount of 2 g / m 2 ( 1.0 μm thickness after drying), dried at 110 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then 100 parts of soft polyvinyl chloride. On the other hand, an EVOH film was laminated on a 1 mm thick sheet containing 50 parts of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate as a plasticizer and 50 parts of barium stearate as a filler by a dry lamination method at a temperature of 110 ° C. After that, embossing was performed using a normal hot embossing machine in which a wood grain conduit pattern was formed. The EVOH film used for producing the laminate was heat-treated at 120 to 150 ° C. for 1 minute, and the absorbance ratio (D1140 / D1090) of the infrared absorption spectrum of the film was measured based on JISK-0117. However, it was 0.82. Furthermore, the following adhesive strength, contamination removal property, plasticizer migration prevention ability, chemical resistance, surface strength, and weather resistance were evaluated for the laminate.
[0032]
Also, using the laminate, a wallpaper composed of laminate / reactive urethane adhesive / base material (paper) was prepared and affixed to the wall, but with workability and finish comparable to conventional wallpaper. there were.
[0033]
(1) Adhesive strength The adhesive strength between the EVOH layer and the polyvinyl chloride layer was measured by the T-peel method immediately after completion of the laminate and 10 days later, and the decrease in the adhesive strength over time was evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: Less than 1% Δ: Less than 1-5% × ... 5% or more [0034]
(2) Laminated body after applying or dripping hot coffee at 70 ° C. to a size of about 2 cm in diameter on the EVOH surface of the decontaminating laminate, leaving it to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, and wiping it with exposed cotton soaked in water. The decontamination property was evaluated as follows. The same process was performed for the single layer of the polyvinyl chloride sheet.
○ ... Completely wiped away, leaving no trace of contamination.
Δ: Decontamination is better than that of the polyvinyl chloride sheet alone, but a trace of contamination remains.
X: Traces of contamination remain with the same degree of decontamination as the polyvinyl chloride sheet alone.
[0035]
(3) Plasticizer migration prevention ability In an atmosphere of 70 ° C. and 90% RH, a polystyrene disc having a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 3 mm is brought into contact with the EVOH surface of a laminate of 100 mm × 100 mm, and a load of 10 kg / m 2 is applied from above. The amount of plasticizer transferred for 10 days was measured by the change in weight per unit area of the polystyrene disc.
○ ··· 1mg / cm less than 2 △ less than ··· 1~1.5mg / cm 2 × ··· 1.5mg / cm 2 or more [0036]
(4) Chemical resistance 20 ° C., 7 days 100 mm × 100 mm laminate EVOH surface, each sponge (100 mmφ circle × 10 mm thickness) containing ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone and toluene was brought into direct contact with the laminate. The change in weight was measured and evaluated as follows.
O: Weight increase of less than 0.01% by weight in all three solvents x: Weight increase of 0.01% by weight or more in at least one of the three solvents
(5) Surface strength A surface abrasion hardness test according to JIS L 0823 was conducted and evaluated as follows.
○: The surface is the same as before testing.
Δ: The surface is slightly worn.
X: The surface is completely worn.
[0038]
{Circle around (6)} Weather resistance 100 mm × 100 mm laminate EVOH The yellowing when 254 nm UV irradiation (15 W) was separated from the light source by 30 cm and left for 60 days was evaluated by the YI value as follows.
○ ・ ・ ・ less than 2 △ ・ ・ ・ less than 2-5 × ・ ・ ・ 5 or more
Examples 2-4
A laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 by changing the amount of the filler, the amount of the plasticizer, and the thickness of the adhesive layer as shown in Table 1, and evaluated in the same manner.
[0040]
Example 5
A laminated body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a normal roll was used instead of the embossing roll, and was similarly evaluated.
[0041]
Example 6
A solution consisting of 16 parts EVOH containing 30% ethylene and 99.8 mol% vinyl acetate, 42 parts water and 42 parts methanol is pre-anchored with a reactive polyurethane adhesive by gravure roller coating. Then, the laminate is prepared by coating the polyvinyl chloride layer provided with the adhesive layer at a coating amount of 15 to 20 g / m 2 (when wet). Thereafter, heating is performed at a drying temperature of 100 ° C. for 180 seconds. Subsequently, heat treatment was performed at a temperature of about 170 ° C. Thereafter, the laminate obtained by embossing in the same manner as in Example 1 was similarly evaluated.
[0042]
Comparative Examples 1-5
A laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by changing the amount of filler, the amount of plasticizer, and the thickness of the adhesive layer as shown in Table 1 and evaluated in the same manner.
Table 3 shows the evaluation results of Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0043]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004191804
[0044]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004191804
[0045]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004191804
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
The laminate comprising the polyvinyl chloride layer / adhesive layer / EVOH layer of the present invention satisfies the specific relationship between the amount of plasticizer, the amount of filler and the thickness of the adhesive layer of the polyvinyl chloride layer. It is excellent in plasticizer migration prevention ability, chemical resistance, surface strength, weather resistance and the like, and is particularly useful for interior materials such as wallpaper.

Claims (4)

充填剤及び可塑剤を含有するポリ塩化ビニル層/接着剤層/エチレン含有量20〜50モル%酢酸ビニル成分のケン化度95モル%以上のエチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体層からなり、該ポリ塩化ビニル層に含有される充填剤量(x)、可塑剤量(y)及び接着剤層の厚み(α)が下式を満足し、かつ、前記可塑剤量(y)が、ポリ塩化ビニル、充填剤および可塑剤の合計量に対して、5重量%より多く、40重量%未満であることを特徴とする積層体。
30≦α・x≦100
20≦x≦100
但しx、yはポリ塩化ビニル100重量部に対するそれぞれの含有量(重量部)を表し、αは接着剤層の厚み(μ)を表す。
A polyvinyl chloride layer containing a filler and a plasticizer / adhesive layer / ethylene content 20-50 mol% ethylene acetate vinyl alcohol copolymer layer having a vinyl acetate component saponification degree of 95 mol% or more. The filler amount (x), plasticizer amount (y) and adhesive layer thickness (α) contained in the vinyl chloride layer satisfy the following formula , and the plasticizer amount (y) is polyvinyl chloride. , filler and the total amount of plasticizer, more than 5 wt%, laminate, characterized in der Rukoto less than 40 wt%.
30 ≦ α · x ≦ 100
20 ≦ x ≦ 100
However, x and y represent each content (part by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, and α represents the thickness (μ) of the adhesive layer.
エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体層の赤外線吸収スペクトルの1090cm-1に対する1140cm-1の吸光度比が0.65以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の積層体。The laminate according to claim 1, wherein an absorbance ratio of 1140 cm -1 to 1090 cm -1 of an infrared absorption spectrum of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer layer is 0.65 or more. 少なくとも一方の表面にエンボス処理を施したことを特徴とする請求項1あるいは2記載の積層体。  The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one surface is embossed. 積層体が内装用資材であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3いずれか記載の積層体。  The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laminate is an interior material.
JP23606595A 1995-08-21 1995-08-21 Laminated body Expired - Lifetime JP4191804B2 (en)

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JP4191804B2 true JP4191804B2 (en) 2008-12-03

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JP2001058379A (en) * 1999-08-23 2001-03-06 Yamade Techno Kk Outdoor waterproof sheet and execution thereof
EP2647660A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-09 Sika Technology AG PVC-membrane with reduced plasticizer migration
US9873228B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2018-01-23 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Powder material for three dimensional modeling, kit for three dimensional modeling, green body for three dimensional modeling, method of manufacturing three dimensional object, method of manufacturing three-dimensional green body, device for manufacturing three-dimensional object, and device for manufacturing three-dimensional green body

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