JP4188028B2 - Abrasive - Google Patents
Abrasive Download PDFInfo
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- JP4188028B2 JP4188028B2 JP2002242496A JP2002242496A JP4188028B2 JP 4188028 B2 JP4188028 B2 JP 4188028B2 JP 2002242496 A JP2002242496 A JP 2002242496A JP 2002242496 A JP2002242496 A JP 2002242496A JP 4188028 B2 JP4188028 B2 JP 4188028B2
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- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- powder
- abrasive
- hetero
- polishing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、シリコンウエハー、磁気ヘッド、ハードディスク等の表面の仕上げ加工、精密部材の研磨加工等に用いる研磨材に関するものであり、特に、硬質表面の精密研磨に適した新規な研磨材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ダイヤモンドは、地球に存在するすべての物質の中で最高の硬度を有するため、あらゆる材料の研磨材となりうる。近年、電子工業の主流を占めるハードディスク等の記録媒体の大容量化が急速に進んでいるが、記録媒体の表面加工精度を向上するために、従来のミクロンサイズよりも1桁小さいサイズのダイヤモンド粉末が研磨材として用いられている。
【0003】
研磨材用のダイヤモンドには、静的高温・高圧下で合成されるものと、爆薬を用いて合成されるものがあるが、上記の目的には、衝撃合成ダイヤモンド粉末が適している。これは、衝撃合成ダイヤモンド粉末の特殊な形態─二次粒子の大きさがサブミクロンサイズの多結晶性球状粒子─によるところが大きい。しかし、超微粒のダイヤモンド粉末は酸化され易いので、長期間の使用によって減耗するという問題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑み、衝撃合成ダイヤモンドよりも耐久性に優れると共に、酸化雰囲気における耐久性に優れた、新規な超微粒ダイヤモンドを用いた研磨材を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記の目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、爆薬を用いて合成した、全く新しい、炭素、硼素及び窒素からなるダイヤモンド構造物質(ヘテロダイヤモンド)の粉末を分級することによって、上記目的を達成することを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、衝撃合成によって得られる、元素組成がBCxN(x=1〜20)である、硼素、炭素及び窒素からなるダイヤモンド構造物質の粉体であって、粉体の一次粒子の平均直径が5〜10nm、かつ、二次粒子の直径が45〜550nmである粉体からなる研磨材とのみからなる研磨材の水分散液。
【0006】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明の炭素、硼素及び窒素からなるダイヤモンド構造物質(以下、ヘテロダイヤモンド、という)は、原料である炭素、硼素及び窒素からなる黒鉛構造物質から衝撃合成したものである。黒鉛構造物質としては、三塩化硼素とアセト二トリルを高温処理して得られる黒鉛類似物質、三塩化硼素、アセチレンのような炭化水素及びアンモニアのような窒素含有気体の三者を高温処理して得られる黒鉛類似物質等を用いることができる。衝撃合成は、特開平6−316411号公報に記載の方法により行うことができる。得られたヘテロダイヤモンド粉末の元素組成は化学分析によって測定できる。
【0007】
本発明のヘテロダイヤモンドの組成式は、BCXNで表される。xは1〜20であり、xが2〜6の場合は、硼素と窒素の含有率が高いので耐酸化性に優れているので好ましい。このヘテロダイヤモンドを研磨材として用いる場合、研磨材中に、通常、0.01質量%以上、好ましくは0.05質量%以上、より好ましくは0.1質量%以上含ませる。
結晶構造は、X線回折によってダイヤモンド構造であることが確認できる。結晶は、非常に小さい一次粒子が粒界で凝集して二次粒子を構成しているので多結晶体である。
【0008】
衝撃合成によって得られるヘテロダイヤモンドの粉体の粒度分布をそろえるために分級を行う。分級は、ヘテロダイヤモンド粉末を水分散し、水流下における沈降速度を制御することによって行うことができる。分級されたヘテロダイヤモンド粉末の一次粒子の平均直径は、粉末X線回折によって111面の回折曲線の線幅からシェラーの式、すなわち、L=0.9λ/cosθ(式中、Lは結晶の大きさ、λは、X線の波長、θは、111面の回折角である)、を用いて測定することができる。二次粒子の形状と大きさは、走査型電子顕微鏡によって観察できる。
【0009】
本発明で用いられる紛体は、一次粒子の平均直径が5〜10nm、二次粒子の直径が45〜550nmの球状粒子である。粒子が球状であるために、被研磨材料の表面に引っかき傷をつけることのない、滑らかな研磨が可能である。したがって、本発明の研磨材は、精密研磨用として好適であり、なかでも、シリコンウエハー、炭化珪素ウエハー等の電子記録媒体等の研磨に最適である。
一般に、研磨材の二次粒子の大きさは、ナノレベルの超精密研磨のためにはナノサイズの範囲にあることが好ましいが、本発明のヘテロダイヤモンド粉末は、その粒界において、研磨過程で被研磨材料から受けるせん断力によってより細かな粒子に細分化するので、初期粒度が500nmの粉末であっても精密研磨に使用できる。
【0010】
本発明のヘテロダイアモンドの耐酸化性は、空気気流中における熱重量測定によって評価することができる。ヘテロダイヤモンド粉末は、ダイヤモンド粉末よりも耐酸化性が優れている。硬度の直接測定は、材料が超微粒子であるので困難であるが、ダイヤモンドの111面に擦り跡をつけることができるので、ダイヤモンドと同等の硬度をもつものと予想される。
本発明のヘテロダイヤモンド粉末は、単独で研磨材として用いることができるが、適切な媒体に分散して用いることもできる。炭素、硼素及び窒素から構成されるヘテロダイヤモンドは極性の物質であるので、分散媒体が水の場合にはコロイド状の分散液となり、そのため複雑形状の材料の超精密研磨が可能である。
以上の特徴から、本発明のヘテロダイヤモンドの超微粒子は、硬質表面のウエハー、磁気ヘッド、ハードディスク等の表面の仕上げ加工、精密部材の研磨加工に最適である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、実施例により、本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0012】
【実施例1】
ヘテロダイヤモンドの出発原料には、アセトニトリルと三塩化硼素を窒素気流中1500℃で処理して得た黒鉛類似構造のBC2Nを用いた。特開平6−316411号公報に記載の方法で合成したヘテロダイヤモンド粉末を水分散し、適切な水流を与えて沈降速度の違いによって分級した。化学分析による元素分析の結果、硼素:炭素:窒素の組成比は1:2.5:1(BC2.5N)であった。
【0013】
得られた粉末のX線回折図を図1に、走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図2に示す。図1から、物質がダイヤモンド構造を有することがわかる。解析の結果、格子定数は0.3605nmであった。X線回折図における111面(メインピーク)の回折曲線の線幅から、シェラーの式、すなわち、L=0.9λ/cosθ(式中、Lは結晶の大きさ、λはX線の波長、θは111面の回折角である)、を用いて測定した一次粒子の直径は8nmであり、図2から、二次粒子の直径は45〜550nmであることがわかった。
【0014】
空気気流中における熱重量減少をダイヤモンド粉末(衝撃合成ダイヤモンド:1/8UQG、デュポン社製)と比較した結果を図3に示す。図3から、ヘテロダイヤモンド粉末は、ダイヤモンド粉末よりも耐酸化性が優れ、ダイヤモンドのように燃え尽きないことがわかる。
【0015】
【実施例2】
実施例1で得たヘテロダイヤモンド粉末を用いてニッケル板の表面を研磨した。研磨材として、超純水にヘテロダイヤモンド粉末を、重量比率で0.2%分散してなるコロイド状の水分散液を用いた。研磨速度は、20分間の研磨におけるニッケル板の重量減少から求め、研磨面の面粗さは、原子力間顕微鏡(AFM)によって観察した。比較のために、衝撃合成ダイヤモンド粉末(衝撃合成ダイヤモンド:1/8UQG、デュポン社製)を0.2%分散した水分散液を用いて同様の条件で研磨した。
研磨性能を測定した結果を表1に示す。
【0016】
【表1】
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明のヘテロダイアモンドは、衝撃合成ダイヤモンドよりも耐久性に優れると共に、酸化雰囲気における耐久性に優ており、硬質材料の表面を精密研磨するのに好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明ヘテロダイヤモンド粉末の粉末X線回折チャート。
【図2】本発明ヘテロダイヤモンド粉末の透過型顕微鏡写真。
【図3】空気気流中における熱重量測定チャート。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polishing material used for finishing a surface of a silicon wafer, a magnetic head, a hard disk or the like, and polishing a precision member, and more particularly to a novel polishing material suitable for precision polishing of a hard surface.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since diamond has the highest hardness among all substances existing on the earth, it can be an abrasive of any material. In recent years, the capacity of recording media such as hard disks, which occupy the mainstream of the electronics industry, has been rapidly increasing. In order to improve the surface processing accuracy of recording media, diamond powder that is an order of magnitude smaller than the conventional micron size Is used as an abrasive.
[0003]
Diamonds for abrasives include those synthesized under static high temperature and high pressure, and those synthesized using explosives. For the above purpose, impact synthetic diamond powder is suitable. This is largely due to the special morphology of impact-synthesized diamond powder—polycrystalline spherical particles with a secondary particle size of submicron. However, since the ultrafine diamond powder is easily oxidized, there is a problem that it is worn out after long-term use.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an abrasive using a novel ultrafine diamond, which is superior in durability to impact synthetic diamond and excellent in durability in an oxidizing atmosphere.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventor classifies a completely new diamond structural material (hetero diamond) powder composed of carbon, boron and nitrogen synthesized using an explosive. Thus, the inventors have found that the above object can be achieved, and have completed the present invention based on this finding.
That is, the present invention is a powder of a diamond structure substance composed of boron, carbon, and nitrogen having an elemental composition of BCxN (x = 1 to 20) obtained by impact synthesis, and the average of the primary particles of the powder An aqueous dispersion of an abrasive comprising only an abrasive comprising a powder having a diameter of 5 to 10 nm and a secondary particle having a diameter of 45 to 550 nm.
[0006]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The diamond structure material comprising carbon, boron and nitrogen (hereinafter referred to as “hetero diamond”) of the present invention is produced by impact synthesis from a graphite structure material comprising carbon, boron and nitrogen as raw materials. As the graphite structure material, high temperature treatment is performed on three types of graphite-like substances obtained by high-temperature treatment of boron trichloride and acetonitryl, hydrocarbons such as boron trichloride, acetylene, and nitrogen-containing gases such as ammonia. The obtained graphite-like substance can be used. The impact synthesis can be performed by the method described in JP-A-6-316411. The elemental composition of the obtained hetero diamond powder can be measured by chemical analysis.
[0007]
The compositional formula of the hetero diamond of the present invention is represented by BC X N. x is 1 to 20, and when x is 2 to 6, the content of boron and nitrogen is high, so that the oxidation resistance is excellent, which is preferable. When this hetero diamond is used as an abrasive, the abrasive is usually contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more.
The crystal structure can be confirmed to be a diamond structure by X-ray diffraction. A crystal is a polycrystal because very small primary particles are aggregated at grain boundaries to form secondary particles.
[0008]
Classification is performed in order to align the particle size distribution of the hetero diamond powder obtained by impact synthesis. Classification can be performed by dispersing the hetero diamond powder in water and controlling the sedimentation rate under water flow. The average diameter of the primary particles of the classified hetero diamond powder is calculated by the X-ray powder diffraction from the line width of the 111-surface diffraction curve, the Scherrer equation, that is, L = 0.9λ / cos θ (where L is the crystal size). Λ is the wavelength of the X-ray, and θ is the diffraction angle of the 111 plane). The shape and size of the secondary particles can be observed with a scanning electron microscope.
[0009]
The powder used in the present invention is a spherical particle having an average primary particle diameter of 5 to 10 nm and a secondary particle diameter of 45 to 550 nm. Since the particles are spherical, smooth polishing without scratching the surface of the material to be polished is possible. Therefore, the abrasive of the present invention is suitable for precision polishing, and is particularly suitable for polishing electronic recording media such as silicon wafers and silicon carbide wafers.
In general, the size of the secondary particles of the abrasive is preferably in the nano-size range for ultra-precision polishing at the nano level. Since it is subdivided into finer particles by the shearing force received from the material to be polished, even a powder having an initial particle size of 500 nm can be used for precision polishing.
[0010]
The oxidation resistance of the hetero diamond of the present invention can be evaluated by thermogravimetry in an air stream. Heterodiamond powder has better oxidation resistance than diamond powder. Although the direct measurement of hardness is difficult because the material is ultrafine particles, it can be expected to have a hardness equivalent to that of diamond because it can mark the 111 surface of diamond.
The hetero diamond powder of the present invention can be used alone as an abrasive, but can also be used by dispersing in an appropriate medium. Since the hetero diamond composed of carbon, boron and nitrogen is a polar substance, when the dispersion medium is water, it becomes a colloidal dispersion, and therefore, ultra-precision polishing of a complex shaped material is possible.
From the above characteristics, the ultrafine particles of the hetero diamond of the present invention are most suitable for finishing the surface of a hard surface wafer, magnetic head, hard disk or the like, and polishing a precision member.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples.
[0012]
[Example 1]
As a starting material of hetero diamond, BC 2 N having a graphite-like structure obtained by treating acetonitrile and boron trichloride at 1500 ° C. in a nitrogen stream was used. Heterodiamond powder synthesized by the method described in JP-A-6-316411 was dispersed in water and classified according to the difference in sedimentation speed by applying an appropriate water flow. As a result of elemental analysis by chemical analysis, the composition ratio of boron: carbon: nitrogen was 1: 2.5: 1 (BC 2.5 N).
[0013]
An X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained powder is shown in FIG. 1, and a scanning electron micrograph is shown in FIG. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the material has a diamond structure. As a result of analysis, the lattice constant was 0.3605 nm. From the line width of the diffraction curve of the 111 plane (main peak) in the X-ray diffraction diagram, Scherrer's equation, that is, L = 0.9λ / cos θ (where L is the crystal size, λ is the X-ray wavelength, θ is the diffraction angle of the 111 plane), and the diameter of the primary particles measured using the above is 8 nm. From FIG. 2, the diameter of the secondary particles is 45 to 550 nm.
[0014]
FIG. 3 shows the result of comparison of the decrease in thermal weight in the air stream with diamond powder (impact synthetic diamond: 1/8 UQG, manufactured by DuPont). FIG. 3 shows that the hetero diamond powder has better oxidation resistance than the diamond powder and does not burn out like diamond.
[0015]
[Example 2]
The surface of the nickel plate was polished using the hetero diamond powder obtained in Example 1. As an abrasive, a colloidal aqueous dispersion formed by dispersing 0.2% by weight of heterodiamond powder in ultrapure water was used. The polishing rate was determined from the weight reduction of the nickel plate during 20 minutes of polishing, and the surface roughness of the polished surface was observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM). For comparison, an impact synthetic diamond powder (impact synthetic diamond: 1/8 UQG, manufactured by DuPont) was polished under the same conditions using an aqueous dispersion in which 0.2% was dispersed.
The results of measuring the polishing performance are shown in Table 1.
[0016]
[Table 1]
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The hetero diamond of the present invention is superior in durability to impact synthetic diamond and superior in durability in an oxidizing atmosphere, and is suitable for precisely polishing the surface of a hard material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a powder X-ray diffraction chart of the hetero diamond powder of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transmission micrograph of the hetero diamond powder of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a thermogravimetric measurement chart in an air stream.
Claims (1)
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JP2002242496A JP4188028B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2002-08-22 | Abrasive |
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JP2002242496A JP4188028B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2002-08-22 | Abrasive |
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JP4188028B2 true JP4188028B2 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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JP6694745B2 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-05-20 | 株式会社フジミインコーポレーテッド | Polishing composition |
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