JP4187637B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4187637B2
JP4187637B2 JP2003421103A JP2003421103A JP4187637B2 JP 4187637 B2 JP4187637 B2 JP 4187637B2 JP 2003421103 A JP2003421103 A JP 2003421103A JP 2003421103 A JP2003421103 A JP 2003421103A JP 4187637 B2 JP4187637 B2 JP 4187637B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
substituted
group
same
carbon atoms
unsubstituted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2003421103A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2005107471A (en
Inventor
孝彰 池上
顕洋 杉野
毅 高田
伸二 納所
鋭司 栗本
英利 紙
康之 山下
英雄 中森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP2003421103A priority Critical patent/JP4187637B2/en
Priority to EP04021562.6A priority patent/EP1515192B1/en
Priority to US10/938,585 priority patent/US7314693B2/en
Priority to CNB2004101038873A priority patent/CN100440044C/en
Publication of JP2005107471A publication Critical patent/JP2005107471A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4187637B2 publication Critical patent/JP4187637B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Description

本発明は、高耐久性を有し、かつ高画質化を実現した電子写真感光体に関する。また、それらの感光体を使用した電子写真方法、電子写真装置、電子写真用プロセスカートリッジに関する。   The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high durability and realizing high image quality. In addition, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic method, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic process cartridge using those photoconductors.

近年、電子写真方式を用いた情報処理システム機の発展には目覚ましいものがある。特に、情報をデジタル信号に変換して光によって情報記録を行うレーザープリンターやデジタル複写機は、そのプリント品質、信頼性において向上が著しい。さらに、それらは高速化技術との融合によりフルカラー印刷が可能なレーザープリンターあるいはデジタル複写機へと応用されてきている。そのような背景から、要求される感光体の機能としては、高画質化と高耐久化を両立させることが特に重要な課題となっている。   In recent years, there has been a remarkable development in information processing system machines using electrophotography. In particular, laser printers and digital copying machines that convert information into digital signals and record information using light have significantly improved print quality and reliability. Furthermore, they have been applied to laser printers or digital copiers capable of full-color printing by fusing with high-speed technology. From such a background, it is particularly important to achieve both high image quality and high durability as a required photoreceptor function.

これらの電子写真方式のレーザープリンターやデジタル複写機等に使用される感光体としては、有機系の感光材料を用いたものが、コスト、生産性及び無公害性等の理由から一般に広く応用されている。有機系の電子写真感光体には、ポリビニルカルバゾ−ル(PVK)に代表される光導電性樹脂、PVK−TNF(2,4,7−トリニトロフルオレノン)に代表される電荷移動錯体型、フタロシアニン−バインダ−に代表される顔料分散型、そして電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質とを組み合わせて用いる機能分離型の感光体などが知られている。   As photoconductors used in these electrophotographic laser printers, digital copiers, etc., those using organic photosensitive materials are generally widely applied for reasons such as cost, productivity and non-pollution. Yes. The organic electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a photoconductive resin typified by polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), a charge transfer complex type typified by PVK-TNF (2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone), Known are a pigment dispersion type typified by a phthalocyanine binder, and a function separation type photoreceptor using a combination of a charge generation material and a charge transport material.

機能分離型の感光体における静電潜像形成のメカニズムは、感光体を帯電した後光照射すると、光は電荷輸送層を通過し、電荷発生層中の電荷発生物質により吸収され電荷を生成する。それによって発生した電荷が電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層の界面で電荷輸送層に注入され、さらに電界によって電荷輸送層中を移動し、感光体の表面電荷を中和することにより静電潜像を形成するものである。   The mechanism of electrostatic latent image formation in the function-separated type photoconductor is that when the photoconductor is charged and then irradiated with light, the light passes through the charge transport layer and is absorbed by the charge generation material in the charge generation layer to generate a charge. . The charges generated thereby are injected into the charge transport layer at the interface between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer, and further moved through the charge transport layer by an electric field, thereby neutralizing the surface charge of the photoconductor to form an electrostatic latent image. To form.

しかし、有機系の感光体は、繰り返し使用によって膜削れが発生しやすく、感光層の膜削れが進むと、感光体の帯電電位の低下や光感度の劣化、感光体表面のキズなどによる地汚れ、画像濃度低下あるいは画質劣化が促進される傾向が強く、従来から感光体の耐摩耗性が大きな課題として挙げられていた。さらに、近年では電子写真装置の高速化あるいは装置の小型化に伴う感光体の小径化によって、感光体の高耐久化がより一層重要な課題となっている。   However, organic photoconductors are prone to film scraping due to repeated use, and when the photosensitive layer is scraped, soiling due to a decrease in the charged potential of the photoconductor, deterioration of photosensitivity, scratches on the surface of the photoconductor, etc. However, there is a strong tendency for image density reduction or image quality degradation to be accelerated, and the wear resistance of photoreceptors has been cited as a major issue. Further, in recent years, with the increase in the speed of an electrophotographic apparatus or the reduction in the diameter of the photoreceptor accompanying the downsizing of the apparatus, it has become a more important issue to improve the durability of the photoreceptor.

一方、近年、市場の高画質化要求に伴い、小径で球形のトナーが注目されている。しかしながら、このような小径で且つ球形のトナーにおいては、感光体上での転性が大きいため、クリーニング不良などを引き起こし易く、トナーフィルミングや融着などに起因した画像劣化の要因となっており、重要な課題となっている。   On the other hand, in recent years, with a demand for higher image quality in the market, a small-diameter, spherical toner has attracted attention. However, such a small-diameter and spherical toner has a high transferability on the photosensitive member, so that it tends to cause a cleaning failure and causes image deterioration due to toner filming or fusing. Has become an important issue.

このような課題を解決するため、例えば特許文献1(特開平5−45920号公報)、特許文献2(特開2000−19918号公報)等に開示されているように潤滑剤としてフッ素樹脂微粒子を感光体の表面層に含有させる表面離型効果を狙った感光体表面摩擦係数の低減による手法は初期的に効果的である。しかしながら、これらにおいては、クリーニングシステムやトナーなどの条件設定が必要で、感光体長寿命化に伴うこれらの周辺部材の劣化やバラツキなどに対しては、繰り返し使用による表面離型効果の維持の点で不十分なものであった。
特開平5−45920号公報 特開2000−19918
In order to solve such a problem, for example, fluororesin fine particles are used as a lubricant as disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-45920), Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-19918), and the like. A method of reducing the surface friction coefficient of the photoreceptor aiming at the surface release effect contained in the surface layer of the photoreceptor is initially effective. However, in these, it is necessary to set conditions such as a cleaning system and toner, and for the deterioration and variation of these peripheral members due to the longer life of the photosensitive member, in terms of maintaining the surface release effect by repeated use. It was insufficient.
JP-A-5-45920 JP 2000-19918

本発明の目的は、高耐久性を有し、かつ残留電位上昇、あるいは帯電低下による残像などの画像劣化を抑制し、長期間の繰り返し使用に対しても高画質画像が安定に得られる感光体を提供することにある。また、それらの感光体を用いることにより、感光体の交換が不要で、かつ高速印刷あるいは感光体の小径化に伴う装置の小型化を実現し、さらに繰り返し使用においても高画質画像が安定に得られる電子写真方法、電子写真装置、ならびに電子写真用プロセスカートリッジを提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductor that has high durability, suppresses image deterioration such as residual image due to increase in residual potential or decrease in charge, and can stably obtain high-quality images even after repeated use over a long period of time. Is to provide. In addition, by using these photoconductors, it is not necessary to replace the photoconductors, and it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus accompanying high-speed printing or reducing the diameter of the photoconductor. An electrophotographic method, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic process cartridge are provided.

電子写真感光体の高耐久化、及び低表面摩擦係数を実現するために、感光体の最表面層にフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させることは有効であることが知られているが、高安定な低表面摩擦係数の持続性を維持するためには、体積分率で20%以上のフッ素樹脂微粒子が必要である。   In order to achieve high durability of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and low surface friction coefficient, it is known that it is effective to contain fluororesin fine particles in the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive member. In order to maintain the durability of the surface friction coefficient, fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% or more are required.

通常、このような構成の層を形成しようとした場合、該フッ素樹脂微粒子の粒子間の相互作用が大きくなるため、分散液中でのフッ素樹脂微粒子の微細分散化が困難となり、得られる塗膜中の二次凝集粒子が増加してしまう。このような二次粒子は、あまり巨大なものが塗膜中に存在すると、塗膜表面が荒れる原因となり、クリーニング不良や、トナー画像の乱れを引き起こす。また、レーザー光が凝集体上で散乱されて、露光潜像の乱れ、電位コントラスト不足を引き起こし、異常画像の原因となる。   Usually, when a layer having such a structure is to be formed, since the interaction between the particles of the fluororesin fine particles becomes large, it becomes difficult to finely disperse the fluororesin fine particles in the dispersion, and the resulting coating film The secondary agglomerated particles inside will increase. If such secondary particles are too large in the coating film, the surface of the coating film becomes rough, causing poor cleaning and disturbance of the toner image. In addition, the laser light is scattered on the aggregates, and the exposure latent image is disturbed and the potential contrast is insufficient to cause an abnormal image.

一方、一次粒子にまで均一に分散されると、上記のような不具合は解消されるが、その反面、フッ素樹脂微粒子が塗膜表面に露出している部分が小さくなり、結果としてトナーとフッ素樹脂微粒子との接触面積が減少してしまい、感光体の低表面摩擦係数化に対する効果が不十分となってしまう。   On the other hand, when the particles are uniformly dispersed to the primary particles, the above-mentioned problems are solved, but on the other hand, the portion where the fluororesin fine particles are exposed on the surface of the coating is reduced, resulting in the toner and the fluororesin. The contact area with the fine particles decreases, and the effect of reducing the surface friction coefficient of the photoreceptor becomes insufficient.

本発明者らは、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、高画質化と高耐久化を両立させ、しかもトナーのクリーニング性をも考慮すると、感光体最表面層にフッ素樹脂粒子を体積分率で20%以上60%以下含有させ、更にフッ素微粒子がある範囲において局在化して存在し、且つ塗膜表面のある程度の面積を被覆している必要があることを見いだした。即ち、フッ素微粒子の二次粒子径の大きさが0.3〜4μmのものが表面を面積比で10%以上60%以下の範囲で被覆している構成とするが最も好ましいことを見出した。   As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have achieved a high image quality and high durability, and considering the toner cleaning properties, the fluororesin particles are 20% in volume fraction on the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor. The present inventors have found that it is necessary to contain 60% or less, and the fluorine fine particles should be localized in a certain range and cover a certain area of the coating film surface. That is, it has been found that it is most preferable that the surface of the fluorine fine particles having a secondary particle diameter of 0.3 to 4 [mu] m covers the surface in an area ratio of 10% to 60%.

しかしながら、このような高濃度で且つフッ素樹脂微粒子による二次粒子を有する構成の感光体においては、使用条件により、帯電性が低下し、メモリー効果(残像)等の問題を引き起こしたり、また、オゾンやNOxなどの酸化性ガスが吸着しやすく、場合によっては、最表面の低抵抗化を招き、画像流れ等の問題を引き起こす可能性があった。本発明者らは更に検討を進めた結果、下記一般式で表されるアミン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有させることで、このメモリー効果、及び酸化性ガスに対する課題を解決できることを見いだし、本発明に至った。   However, in such a photoreceptor having a high concentration and secondary particles of fluororesin fine particles, the chargeability is lowered depending on the use conditions, causing problems such as a memory effect (afterimage), and ozone. Oxidizing gases such as NOx and NOx are easily adsorbed, and in some cases, the resistance of the outermost surface is lowered, which may cause problems such as image flow. As a result of further investigations, the present inventors have found that the problem with respect to the memory effect and the oxidizing gas can be solved by containing at least one selected from amine compounds represented by the following general formula. It came to.

すなわち、本発明は、
(1) 導電性支持体上に形成された感光層の最表面層として、固体潤滑剤としてフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有する保護層を形成した電子写真感光体において、該電子写真感光体の保護層に少なくとも体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子、及び下記一般式(1)〜(22)で表されるアミン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
That is, the present invention
(1) In an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a protective layer containing fluororesin fine particles as a solid lubricant is formed as the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive layer formed on the conductive support, the protective layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising at least a fluororesin fine particle having a volume fraction of 20% to 60% and at least one selected from amine compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (22): .

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。nは1〜4の整数を表わす。Arは置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, n represents an integer of 1 to 4. Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group.

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしl、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar2とAr3、もしくはAr3とAr1はそれぞれ共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l, m, and n each represent an integer of 0 to 3, provided that l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 , or Ar 3 and Ar 1 each independently a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom. Group may be formed.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr4、もしくはAr3とAr4はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 4 , or Ar 3 and Ar 4 , respectively; You may form a ring together.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr3、もしくはAr3とAr4はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 3 , or Ar 3 and Ar 4 You may form a ring together.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr3、もしくはAr1とAr4はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。Xはメチレン基、シクロヘキシリデン基、酸素原子、硫黄原子の2価の基又は原子を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 3 , or Ar 1 and Ar 4 , respectively; (X may represent a divalent group or atom of a methylene group, a cyclohexylidene group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしl、mが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2及びAr3は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr3はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。nは1〜4の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, l and m are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 may be substituted or unsubstituted. Represents a substituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 3 may each form a ring, and n is an integer of 1 to 4; Represents.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしmとnが同時に0となることはない。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜11のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基又は複素環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1、Ar2は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。ただし、Ar1、Ar2、R3もしくはR4のいずれか1つは芳香環基又は複素環基である。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocycle containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. However, m and n are not simultaneously 0. R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted. Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group or a heterocyclic group, which may be the same or different, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring groups. And each may be the same or different, provided that any one of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 3 or R 4 is an aromatic ring group or a heterocyclic group.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしmとnが同時に0となることはない。R3は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜11のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。また、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4およびAr5は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、もしくはAr1とAr3は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocycle containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. However, m and n are not simultaneously 0. R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number. Represents an alkyl group of 1 to 11 or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group which may be the same or different. Ar 1 and Ar 2 , or Ar 1 and Ar 3 may jointly form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしmとnが同時に0となることはない。また、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4およびAr5は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ar1とAr2、もしくはAr1とAr3は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. You may form the heterocyclic ring containing an atom, m and n represent the integer of 0-3, However, m and n do not become 0 simultaneously, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 And Ar 5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , or Ar 1 and Ar 3 may form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom together. Good.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。nは1〜3の整数を表わす。また、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ar1とAr2、もしくはAr1とAr3は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocycle containing an atom may be formed, n represents an integer of 1 to 3. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. Ar 1 and Ar 2 , or Ar 1 and Ar 3 may together form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.

Figure 0004187637
〔式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。lは1〜3の整数を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基、あるいは次の一般式(23)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。R5、R6は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基またはアルキレン基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。)を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R3とR4、R5とR6、もしくはAr1とAr2は共同で環を形成してもよい。〕
Figure 0004187637
[Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom. l represents an integer of 1 to 3. Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and may be the same or different. R 3 and R 4 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, or the following general formula (23)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. R 5 and R 6 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkylene group. Or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different.), Which may be the same or different. R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or Ar 1 and Ar 2 may form a ring together. ]

Figure 0004187637
〔式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。nは1〜3の整数を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基、あるいは次の一般式(24)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。R5、R6は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基またはアルキレン基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。)を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。ただし、R3、R4は同時に水素原子となることはない。R3とR4、R5とR6、もしくはAr1とAr2は共同で環を形成してもよい。〕
Figure 0004187637
[Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom. n represents an integer of 1 to 3. Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and may be the same or different. R 3 and R 4 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, or the following general formula (24)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. R 5 and R 6 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkylene group. Or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different.), Which may be the same or different. However, R 3 and R 4 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms. R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or Ar 1 and Ar 2 may form a ring together. ]

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5、R6、及びR7は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3とR4、もしくはAr2とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。またAr1とR5は共同で環を形成してもよい。lは1〜3の、mは0〜3の、nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are substituted or unsubstituted, Represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 2 and R 4 may together form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, and Ar 1 and R 5 is optionally form a ring together .l's 1 to 3, m is 0-3, Represents an integer of 0 or 1.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5、R6、及びR7は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3とR4、もしくはAr2とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。またAr1とR5は共同で環を形成してもよい。lは1〜3の、mは0〜3の、nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are substituted or unsubstituted, Represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 2 and R 4 may together form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, and Ar 1 and R 5 is optionally form a ring together .l's 1 to 3, m is 0-3, Represents an integer of 0 or 1.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしlとmが同時に0となることはない。R3は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、Ar2とR3、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 4 represents an alkyl group of 4 or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , Ar 2 and R 3 , or Ar 2 may form a ring together, n is 0 or 1 Represents an integer.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしlとmが同時に0となることはない。R3は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、Ar2とR3、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 4 represents an alkyl group of 4 or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , Ar 2 and R 3 , or Ar 2 may form a ring together, n is 0 or 1 Represents an integer.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、mが同時に0となることはない。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or An unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , or Ar 2 And each other may form a ring together, and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、mが同時に0となることはない。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or An unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , or Ar 2 And each other may form a ring together, and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3とR4、もしくはAr1とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。nは1または2の整数を表わす。ただし、k、l、mが同時に0の場合は、R3、R4は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、R3、R4は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 1 and R 4 may jointly form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, k, l and m are each an integer of 0 to 3. n is 1 or 2 represents an integer. However, k, l, where m is simultaneously 0, R 3, R 4 charcoal Represents a C1-4 alkyl group, it may be the same or different, and, R 3, R 4 may form a heterocyclic group containing bound nitrogen atoms with each other.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3とR4、もしくはAr1とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。mは0〜4の、nは1または2の整数を表わす。ただし、mが0の場合は、R3、R4は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、R3、R4は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 1 and R 4 may jointly form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, m is 0 to 4 and n is an integer of 1 or 2, provided that when m is 0, R 3, R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the But may be different, also, R 3, R 4 may form a heterocyclic group containing bound nitrogen atoms with each other.)

Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。Arは置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基またはアルキレン基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わし、同時に0となることはない。)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, R 3 and R 4 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylene Represents a group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3 and are not 0 at the same time.)

Figure 0004187637


(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3とR4、もしくはAr1とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜4の、nは1または2の整数を表わす。ただし、k、l、mが0の場合は、R3、R4は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、R3、R4は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637


(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 1 and R 4 may form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, k, l, m is 0 to 4, and n is an integer of 1 or 2. However, when k, l, and m are 0, R 3 and R 4 are alkyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Represents a kill group, and may be the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.)

(2) 電子写真感光体に、少なくとも帯電、画像露光、現像、転写が繰り返し行われる電子写真方法において、該電子写真感光体が前記(1)記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真方法。
(3) 電子写真感光体に、少なくとも帯電、画像露光、現像、転写を繰り返し行い、感光体上に静電潜像の書き込みが行われる、所謂デジタル方式の電子写真方法において、該電子写真感光体が前記(1)記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真方法。
(2) In an electrophotographic method in which at least charging, image exposure, development, and transfer are repeatedly performed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is the electrophotographic photoreceptor described in (1) above. Electrophotographic method.
(3) In a so-called digital electrophotographic method in which at least charging, image exposure, development, and transfer are repeatedly performed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrostatic latent image is written on the photosensitive member. Is an electrophotographic photosensitive member as described in (1) above.

(4) 電子写真感光体上に現像されたトナー画像を中間転写体上に一次転写したのち、該中間転写体上のトナー画像を記録材上に二次転写する電子写真方法であって、複数色のトナー画像を中間転写体上に順次重ね合わせてカラー画像を形成し、該カラー画像を記録材上に一括で二次転写する電子写真方法において、該電子写真感光体が前記(1)記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真方法。
(5) 少なくとも帯電手段、画像露光手段、現像手段、転写手段および電子写真感光体を具備してなる電子写真装置であって、該電子写真感光体が前記(1)記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真装置。
(4) An electrophotographic method in which a toner image developed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member is primarily transferred onto an intermediate transfer member, and then the toner image on the intermediate transfer member is secondarily transferred onto a recording material. In the electrophotographic method in which a color toner image is sequentially superimposed on an intermediate transfer member to form a color image, and the color image is secondarily transferred collectively onto a recording material, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is described in (1) above. An electrophotographic method characterized by being an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
(5) An electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least a charging means, an image exposing means, a developing means, a transferring means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to (1). An electrophotographic apparatus characterized by being provided.

(6) 電子写真感光体表面に接触する当接部材を有する前記(5)記載の電子写真装置。
(7)当接部材が、帯電ローラー、クリーニングブレード、クリーニングブラシ、中間転写ベルト及び感光体表面のフッ素樹脂微粒子を変形及び伸張することのみを目的とする当接部材から少なくとも1つ以上選ばれたものであることを特徴とする前記(6)記載の電子写真装置。
(6) The electrophotographic apparatus according to (5), further including a contact member that contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
(7) At least one contact member is selected from the contact members only for the purpose of deforming and extending the fluororesin fine particles on the surface of the photosensitive member, the charging roller, the cleaning blade, the cleaning brush, the intermediate transfer belt, and the like. The electrophotographic apparatus according to (6), wherein the electrophotographic apparatus is a device.

(8) 少なくとも帯電手段、画像露光手段、現像手段、転写手段および電子写真感光体を具備してなる電子写真装置において、感光体上に静電潜像の書き込みが行われる、所謂デジタル方式の電子写真装置であって、該電子写真感光体が前記(1)記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真装置。 (8) In an electrophotographic apparatus including at least a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a so-called digital type electron in which an electrostatic latent image is written on the photosensitive member. A photographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member described in (1).

(9) 電子写真装置が複数の電子写真感光体、帯電手段、現像手段、転写手段を有するタンデム型であることを特徴とする前記(5)〜(8)のいずれか1項に記載の電子写真装置。
(10) 帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、クリーニング手段、転写手段の少なくとも一つと前記(1)記載の電子写真感光体とを具備してなる画像形成装置用プロセスカートリッジ。
(9) The electron according to any one of (5) to (8), wherein the electrophotographic apparatus is a tandem type having a plurality of electrophotographic photosensitive members, a charging unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit. Photo equipment.
(10) A process cartridge for an image forming apparatus, comprising at least one of a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a cleaning unit, and a transfer unit and the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to (1).

本発明によれば、電子写真感光体の高耐久化と高画質化の両立が実現され、高画質画像が長期に渡って安定に得られる電子写真感光体、電子写真装置、及び電子写真方法が提供される。   According to the present invention, there are provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an electrophotographic method capable of realizing both high durability and high image quality of an electrophotographic photosensitive member and stably obtaining a high-quality image over a long period of time. Provided.

本発明においては、上記一般式(1)〜(22)で示されるアミン化合物が最表面層にフッ素樹脂粒子とともに存在することが重要である。
その理由については、現時点では明らかになっていないが、不均一な粒子構造内部に蓄積されやすいラジカル物質の効果的な生成抑制を行っているものと推測される。一方、酸化性ガスに対しては、構造内に含まれる置換アミノ基が有効なラジカル物質生成抑制を行っているものと推測される。また、上記で表される化合物は、電荷輸送能力も有していることから、フッ素樹脂粒子による二次凝集粒子内部での電荷トラップを抑制しているのではないかと考えられる。
In the present invention, it is important that the amine compounds represented by the general formulas (1) to (22) are present together with the fluororesin particles on the outermost surface layer.
The reason for this is not clarified at the present time, but it is presumed that the generation of radical substances that are likely to accumulate inside the heterogeneous particle structure is effectively suppressed. On the other hand, for an oxidizing gas, it is presumed that the substituted amino group contained in the structure effectively suppresses the generation of radical substances. Moreover, since the compound represented above also has a charge transport capability, it is thought that the charge trap inside the secondary aggregation particle by a fluororesin particle may be suppressed.

以下、本発明に用いられる電子写真感光体を図面に沿って説明する。
図1は、導電性支持体31上に、電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質を主成分とする感光層33が設けられ、更に感光層表面に保護層39が設けられてなる。この場合、保護層39にはフッ素樹脂微粒子が含有されてなる。
Hereinafter, the electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, a photosensitive layer 33 mainly composed of a charge generation material and a charge transport material is provided on a conductive support 31, and a protective layer 39 is further provided on the surface of the photosensitive layer. In this case, the protective layer 39 contains fluororesin fine particles.

図2は、導電性支持体31上に、電荷発生物質を主成分とする電荷発生層35と電荷輸送物質を主成分とする電荷輸送層37とが積層された構成をとっており、更に電荷輸送層上に保護層39が設けられてなる。この場合、保護層39にはフッ素樹脂微粒子が含有されてなる。   FIG. 2 shows a structure in which a charge generation layer 35 mainly composed of a charge generation material and a charge transport layer 37 mainly composed of a charge transport material are laminated on a conductive support 31. A protective layer 39 is provided on the transport layer. In this case, the protective layer 39 contains fluororesin fine particles.

図3は、導電性支持体31上に、電荷輸送物質を主成分とする電荷輸送層37と電荷発生物質を主成分とする電荷発生層35とが積層された構成をとっており、更に電荷発生層上に保護層39が設けられてなる。この場合、保護層39にはフッ素樹脂微粒子が含有されてなる。   FIG. 3 shows a structure in which a charge transport layer 37 containing a charge transport material as a main component and a charge generation layer 35 containing a charge generation material as a main component are laminated on a conductive support 31. A protective layer 39 is provided on the generation layer. In this case, the protective layer 39 contains fluororesin fine particles.

導電性支持体31としては、体積抵抗1010 Ω・cm以下の導電性を示すもの、例えば、アルミニウム、ニッケル、クロム、ニクロム、銅、金、銀、白金などの金属、酸化スズ、酸化インジウムなどの金属酸化物を、蒸着またはスパッタリングにより、フィルム状もしくは円筒状のプラスチック、紙に被覆したもの、あるいは、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ニッケル、ステンレスなどの板およびそれらを、押し出し、引き抜きなどの工法で素管化後、切削、超仕上げ、研摩などの表面処理した管などを使用することができる。また、特開昭52−36016号公報に開示されたエンドレスニッケルベルト、エンドレスステンレスベルトも導電性支持体31として用いることができる。 Examples of the conductive support 31 include those having a volume resistance of 10 10 Ω · cm or less, for example, metals such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, nichrome, copper, gold, silver, platinum, tin oxide, indium oxide, etc. The metal oxide of the above is coated with film or cylindrical plastic or paper by vapor deposition or sputtering, or a plate made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, stainless steel or the like and extruded by drawing or drawing. After pipe formation, surface treatment pipes such as cutting, superfinishing, and polishing can be used. Further, an endless nickel belt or an endless stainless steel belt disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-36016 can also be used as the conductive support 31.

この他、上記支持体上に導電性粉体を適当な結着樹脂に分散して塗工したものについても、本発明の導電性支持体31として用いることができる。この導電性粉体としては、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、またアルミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、ニクロム、銅、亜鉛、銀などの金属粉、あるいは導電性酸化スズ、ITOなどの金属酸化物粉体などがあげられる。   In addition, a material obtained by dispersing conductive powder in an appropriate binder resin and coating it on the support can also be used as the conductive support 31 of the present invention. Examples of the conductive powder include carbon black, acetylene black, metal powder such as aluminum, nickel, iron, nichrome, copper, zinc and silver, or metal oxide powder such as conductive tin oxide and ITO. It is done.

また、同時に用いられる結着樹脂には、ポリスチレン、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアリレート樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、酢酸セルロース樹脂、エチルセルロース樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルホルマール、ポリビニルトルエン、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、アクリル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アルキッド樹脂などの熱可塑性、熱硬化性樹脂または光硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。このような導電性層は、これらの導電性粉体と結着樹脂を適当な溶剤、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、ジクロロメタン、メチルエチルケトン、トルエンなどに分散して塗布することにより設けることができる。   The binder resin used at the same time is polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. , Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, Examples thereof include thermoplastic, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins such as melamine resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, and alkyd resin. Such a conductive layer can be provided by dispersing and coating these conductive powder and binder resin in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, methyl ethyl ketone, and toluene.

さらに、適当な円筒基体上にポリ塩化ビニル、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエチレン、塩化ゴム、テフロン(登録商標)などの素材に前記導電性粉体を含有させた熱収縮チューブによって導電性層を設けてなるものも、本発明の導電性支持体31として良好に用いることができる。   Furthermore, it is electrically conductive by a heat-shrinkable tube in which the conductive powder is contained in a material such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyester, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, chlorinated rubber, Teflon (registered trademark) on a suitable cylindrical substrate. Those provided with a conductive layer can also be used favorably as the conductive support 31 of the present invention.

次に感光層について説明する。感光層は単層でも積層でもよいが、説明の都合上、先ず電荷発生層35と電荷輸送層37で構成される場合から述べる。
電荷発生層35は、電荷発生物質を主成分とする層である。電荷発生層35には、公知の電荷発生物質を用いることが可能であり、その代表として、モノアゾ顔料、ジスアゾ顔料、トリスアゾ顔料、ペリレン系顔料、ペリノン系顔料、キナクリドン系顔料、キノン系縮合多環化合物、スクアリック酸系染料、他のフタロシアニン系顔料、ナフタロシアニン系顔料、アズレニウム塩系染料等が挙げられ用いられる。これら電荷発生物質は単独でも、2種以上混合してもかまわない。
Next, the photosensitive layer will be described. The photosensitive layer may be a single layer or a laminate, but for convenience of explanation, the case where it is composed of the charge generation layer 35 and the charge transport layer 37 will be described first.
The charge generation layer 35 is a layer mainly composed of a charge generation material. A known charge generation material can be used for the charge generation layer 35, and representative examples thereof include monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, trisazo pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, and quinone condensed polycycles. Examples thereof include compounds, squalic acid dyes, other phthalocyanine pigments, naphthalocyanine pigments, and azulenium salt dyes. These charge generation materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

電荷発生層35は、電荷発生物質を必要に応じて結着樹脂とともに適当な溶剤中にボールミル、アトライター、サンドミル、超音波などを用いて分散し、これを導電性支持体上に塗布し、乾燥することにより形成される。   In the charge generation layer 35, a charge generation material is dispersed in a suitable solvent together with a binder resin as necessary using a ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill, an ultrasonic wave, etc., and this is applied onto a conductive support. It is formed by drying.

必要に応じて電荷発生層35に用いられる結着樹脂としては、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン、エポキシ樹脂、ポリケトン、ポリカーボネート、シリコーン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルホルマール、ポリビニルケトン、ポリスチレン、ポリスルホン、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルベンザール、ポリエステル、フェノキシ樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリアミド、ポリビニルピリジン、セルロース系樹脂、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン等が挙げられる。結着樹脂の量は、電荷発生物質100重量部に対し0〜500重量部、好ましくは10〜300重量部が適当である。結着樹脂の添加は、分散前あるいは分散後どちらでも構わない。   As the binder resin used for the charge generation layer 35 as necessary, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyketone, polycarbonate, silicone resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl ketone, polystyrene, polysulfone, poly-N -Vinylcarbazole, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl benzal, polyester, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, cellulosic resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc. Can be mentioned. The amount of the binder resin is suitably 0 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the charge generating material. The binder resin may be added before or after dispersion.

ここで用いられる溶剤としては、イソプロパノール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、エチルセルソルブ、酢酸エチル、酢酸メチル、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、モノクロロベンゼン、シクロヘキサン、トルエン、キシレン、リグロイン等が挙げられるが、特にケトン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒が良好に使用される。これらは単独で用いても2種以上混合して用いてもよい。   Examples of the solvent used here include isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl cellosolve, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, ligroin and the like. In particular, ketone solvents, ester solvents, and ether solvents are preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

電荷発生層35は、電荷発生物質、溶媒及び結着樹脂を主成分とするが、その中には、増感剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、シリコーンオイル等のいかなる添加剤が含まれていても良い。
塗布液の塗工法としては、浸漬塗工法、スプレーコート、ビートコート、ノズルコート、スピナーコート、リングコート等の方法を用いることができる。
電荷発生層35の膜厚は、0.01〜5μm程度が適当であり、好ましくは0.1〜2μmである。
The charge generation layer 35 includes a charge generation material, a solvent, and a binder resin as main components, and includes any additive such as a sensitizer, a dispersant, a surfactant, and silicone oil. Also good.
As a coating method for the coating solution, a dip coating method, spray coating, beat coating, nozzle coating, spinner coating, ring coating, or the like can be used.
The thickness of the charge generation layer 35 is suitably about 0.01 to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.

電荷輸送層37は、電荷輸送物質および結着樹脂を適当な溶剤に溶解ないし分散し、これを電荷発生層上に塗布、乾燥することにより形成できる。また、必要により単独あるいは2種以上の可塑剤、レベリング剤、酸化防止剤等を添加することもできる。
電荷輸送物質には、正孔輸送物質と電子輸送物質とがある。
The charge transport layer 37 can be formed by dissolving or dispersing a charge transport material and a binder resin in a suitable solvent, and applying and drying the solution on the charge generation layer. Further, if necessary, two or more kinds of plasticizers, leveling agents, antioxidants and the like can be added.
Charge transport materials include hole transport materials and electron transport materials.

電子輸送物質としては、例えばクロルアニル、ブロムアニル、テトラシアノエチレン、テトラシアノキノジメタン、2,4,7−トリニトロ−9−フルオレノン、2,4,5,7−テトラニトロ−9−フルオレノン、2,4,5,7−テトラニトロキサントン、2,4,8−トリニトロチオキサントン、2,6,8−トリニトロ−4H−インデノ〔1,2−b〕チオフェン−4−オン、1,3,7−トリニトロジベンゾチオフェン−5,5−ジオキサイド、ベンゾキノン誘導体等の電子受容性物質が挙げられる。   Examples of the electron transporting material include chloroanil, bromoanil, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone, 2,4 , 5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 2,6,8-trinitro-4H-indeno [1,2-b] thiophen-4-one, 1,3,7-tri Examples thereof include electron-accepting substances such as nitrodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide and benzoquinone derivatives.

正孔輸送物質としては、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾールおよびその誘導体、ポリ−γ−カルバゾリルエチルグルタメートおよびその誘導体、ピレン−ホルムアルデヒド縮合物およびその誘導体、ポリビニルピレン、ポリビニルフェナントレン、ポリシラン、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、モノアリールアミン誘導体、ジアリールアミン誘導体、トリアリールアミン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、α−フェニルスチルベン誘導体、ベンジジン誘導体、ジアリールメタン誘導体、トリアリールメタン誘導体、9−スチリルアントラセン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体、ジビニルベンゼン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、インデン誘導体、ブタジェン誘導体、ピレン誘導体等、ビススチルベン誘導体、エナミン誘導体等、その他公知の材料が挙げられる。これらの電荷輸送物質は単独、または2種以上混合して用いられる。   Examples of hole transport materials include poly-N-vinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, poly-γ-carbazolylethyl glutamate and derivatives thereof, pyrene-formaldehyde condensates and derivatives thereof, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylphenanthrene, polysilane, oxazole derivatives, Oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, monoarylamine derivatives, diarylamine derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, α-phenylstilbene derivatives, benzidine derivatives, diarylmethane derivatives, triarylmethane derivatives, 9-styrylanthracene derivatives, pyrazolines Derivatives, divinylbenzene derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, indene derivatives, butadiene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, bisstilbene derivatives, enamine derivatives, etc. Other known materials may be used. These charge transport materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

結着樹脂としては、ポリスチレン、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアリレート樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、酢酸セルロース樹脂、エチルセルロース樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルホルマール、ポリビニルトルエン、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、アクリル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アルキッド樹脂等の熱可塑性または熱硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。   As the binder resin, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, Polyvinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urethane resin And thermoplastic or thermosetting resins such as phenol resins and alkyd resins.

電荷輸送物質の量は結着樹脂100重量部に対し、20〜300重量部、好ましくは40〜150重量部が適当である。また、電荷輸送層の膜厚は解像度・応答性の点から、25μm以下とすることが好ましい。下限値に関しては、使用するシステム(特に帯電電位等)に異なるが、5μm以上が好ましい。
ここで用いられる溶剤としては、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、トルエン、ジクロロメタン、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロエタン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルケトン、アセトンなどが用いられる。これらは単独で使用しても2種以上混合して使用しても良い。
The amount of the charge transport material is appropriately 20 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 25 μm or less from the viewpoint of resolution and responsiveness. Regarding the lower limit, although it differs depending on the system to be used (particularly the charging potential), it is preferably 5 μm or more.
As the solvent used here, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and the like are used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

電荷輸送層には電荷輸送物質としての機能とバインダー樹脂としての機能を持った高分子電荷輸送物質も良好に使用される。これらの高分子電荷輸送物質から構成される電荷輸送層は耐摩耗性に優れたものである。高分子電荷輸送物質としては、公知の材料が使用できるが、特に、トリアリールアミン構造を主鎖および/または側鎖に含むポリカーボネートが良好に用いられる。中でも、(I)〜(X)式で表される高分子電荷輸送物質が良好
に用いられる。これらを以下に例示し、具体例を示す。
For the charge transport layer, a polymer charge transport material having a function as a charge transport material and a function as a binder resin is also preferably used. The charge transport layer composed of these polymer charge transport materials is excellent in wear resistance. As the polymer charge transport material, known materials can be used, and in particular, a polycarbonate containing a triarylamine structure in the main chain and / or side chain is preferably used. Among these, polymer charge transport materials represented by the formulas (I) to (X) are preferably used. These are illustrated below and specific examples are shown.

Figure 0004187637
式中、R1、R2、R3はそれぞれ独立して置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基又はハロゲン原子、R4は水素原子又は置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、R5、R6は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、o、p、qはそれぞれ独立して0〜4の整数、k、jは組成を表し、0.1≦k≦1、0≦j≦0.9、nは繰り返し単位数を表し5〜5000の整数である。Xは脂肪族の2価基、環状脂肪族の2価基、または下記一般式で表される2価基を表す。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom, R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and R 5 and R 6 are substituted or unsubstituted. Substituted aryl group, o, p and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, k and j are compositions, 0.1 ≦ k ≦ 1, 0 ≦ j ≦ 0.9, and n is the number of repeating units Represents an integer of 5 to 5000. X represents an aliphatic divalent group, a cycloaliphatic divalent group, or a divalent group represented by the following general formula.

Figure 0004187637
式中、R101、R102 は各々独立して置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、アリール基またはハロゲン原子を表す。l、mは0〜4の整数、Yは単結合、炭素原子数1〜12の直鎖状、分岐状もしくは環状のアルキレン基、−O−、−S−、−SO−、−SO2−、−CO−、−CO−O−Z−O−CO−(式中Zは脂肪族の2価基を表す。)または、
Figure 0004187637
(式中、aは1〜20の整数、bは1〜2000の整数、R103、R104は置換または無置換のアルキル基又はアリール基を表す。)を表す。ここで、R101とR102、R103とR104は、それぞれ同一でも異なってもよい。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 101 and R 102 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group or halogen atom. l and m are integers of 0 to 4, Y is a single bond, a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —. , -CO-, -CO-O-Z-O-CO- (wherein Z represents an aliphatic divalent group) or
Figure 0004187637
(Wherein, a represents an integer of 1 to 20, b represents an integer of 1 to 2000, R 103 and R 104 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or an aryl group). Here, R 101 and R 102 , and R 103 and R 104 may be the same or different.

Figure 0004187637
式中、R7、R8は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 7 and R 8 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R9、R10は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar4、Ar5、Ar6は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 9 and R 10 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 4 , Ar 5 and Ar 6 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R11、R12は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar7、Ar8、Ar9は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 11 and R 12 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 7 , Ar 8 , and Ar 9 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R13、R14は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar10、Ar11、Ar12は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基、X1、X2は置換もしくは無置換のエチレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換のビニレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 13 and R 14 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar 10 , Ar 11 and Ar 12 are the same or different arylene groups, X 1 and X 2 are substituted or unsubstituted ethylene groups, or substituted or unsubstituted Represents a substituted vinylene group. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R15、R16、R17、R18は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar13、Ar14、Ar15、Ar16は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基、Y1、Y2、Y3は単結合、置換もしくは無置換のアルキレン基、置換もしくは無置換のシクロアルキレン基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキレンエーテル基、酸素原子、硫黄原子、ビニレン基を表し同一であっても異なってもよい。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, Ar 13 , Ar 14 , Ar 15 , Ar 16 are the same or different arylene groups, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 are A single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene ether group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a vinylene group may be the same or different. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R19、R20 は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を表し、R19とR20は環を形成していてもよい。Ar17、Ar18、Ar19は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 19 and R 20 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 19 and R 20 may form a ring. Ar 17 , Ar 18 and Ar 19 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R21は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar20、Ar21、Ar22、Ar23は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 21 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 20 , Ar 21 , Ar 22 , and Ar 23 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R22、R23、R24、R25は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar24、Ar25、Ar26、Ar27、Ar28は同一あるいは又は異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 24 , Ar 25 , Ar 26 , Ar 27 and Ar 28 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

Figure 0004187637
式中、R26、R27は置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、Ar29、Ar30、Ar31は同一あるいは異なるアリレン基を表す。X、k、jおよびnは、(I)式の場合と同じである。
Figure 0004187637
In the formula, R 26 and R 27 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 29 , Ar 30 and Ar 31 represent the same or different arylene groups. X, k, j and n are the same as those in the formula (I).

以上のようにして得られた塗工液の塗工法としては、浸漬塗工法、スプレーコート、ビートコート、ノズルコート、スピナーコート、リングコート等、従来の塗工方法を用いることができる。   As a coating method of the coating liquid obtained as described above, conventional coating methods such as dip coating, spray coating, beat coating, nozzle coating, spinner coating, ring coating, and the like can be used.

次に感光層が単層構成33の場合について述べる。上述した電荷発生物質を結着樹脂中に分散した感光体が使用できる。感光層は、電荷発生物質および電荷輸送物質および結着樹脂を適当な溶剤に溶解ないし分散し、これを塗布、乾燥することによって形成できる。また、必要により可塑剤やレベリング剤、酸化防止剤等を添加することもできる。   Next, the case where the photosensitive layer has a single layer structure 33 will be described. A photoreceptor in which the above-described charge generating material is dispersed in a binder resin can be used. The photosensitive layer can be formed by dissolving or dispersing a charge generating substance, a charge transporting substance, and a binder resin in a suitable solvent, and applying and drying them. Moreover, a plasticizer, a leveling agent, antioxidant, etc. can also be added as needed.

結着樹脂としては、先に電荷輸送層37で挙げた結着樹脂のほかに、電荷発生層35で挙げた結着樹脂を混合して用いてもよい。もちろん、先に挙げた高分子電荷輸送物質も良好に使用できる。結着樹脂100重量部に対する電荷発生物質の量は5〜40重量部が好ましく、電荷輸送物質の量は0〜190重量部が好ましく、さらに好ましくは50〜150重量部である。感光層は、電荷発生物質、結着樹脂を電荷輸送物質とともにテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジクロロエタン、シクロヘキサン等の溶媒を用いて分散機等で分散した塗工液を、浸漬塗工法やスプレーコート、ビードコート、リングコートなどで塗工して形成できる。感光層の膜厚は、5〜25μm程度が適当である。   As the binder resin, in addition to the binder resin previously mentioned in the charge transport layer 37, the binder resin mentioned in the charge generation layer 35 may be mixed and used. Of course, the polymer charge transport materials mentioned above can also be used favorably. The amount of the charge generating material with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin is preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight, and the amount of the charge transporting material is preferably 0 to 190 parts by weight, and more preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight. The photosensitive layer is formed by dip coating, spray coating, bead coating, a coating solution in which a charge generating material and a binder resin are dispersed together with a charge transporting material using a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane, and cyclohexane. It can be formed by coating with a ring coat or the like. The film thickness of the photosensitive layer is suitably about 5 to 25 μm.

本発明の感光体においては、導電性支持体31と感光層との間に下引き層を設けることができる。下引き層は一般には樹脂を主成分とするが、これらの樹脂はその上に感光層を溶剤で塗布することを考えると、一般の有機溶剤に対して耐溶剤性の高い樹脂であることが望ましい。このような樹脂としては、ポリビニルアルコール、カゼイン、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム等の水溶性樹脂、共重合ナイロン、メトキシメチル化ナイロン等のアルコール可溶性樹脂、ポリウレタン、メラミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アルキッド−メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等、三次元網目構造を形成する硬化型樹脂等が挙げられる。また、下引き層にはモアレ防止、残留電位の低減等のために酸化チタン、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化スズ、酸化インジウム等で例示できる金属酸化物の微粉末顔料を加えてもよい。   In the photoreceptor of the present invention, an undercoat layer can be provided between the conductive support 31 and the photosensitive layer. In general, the undercoat layer is mainly composed of a resin. However, considering that the photosensitive layer is coated with a solvent on these resins, it may be a resin having a high solvent resistance with respect to a general organic solvent. desirable. Examples of such resins include water-soluble resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, casein, and sodium polyacrylate, alcohol-soluble resins such as copolymer nylon and methoxymethylated nylon, polyurethane, melamine resin, phenol resin, alkyd-melamine resin, and epoxy. Examples thereof include a curable resin that forms a three-dimensional network structure such as a resin. In addition, a fine powder pigment of a metal oxide which can be exemplified by titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide and the like may be added to the undercoat layer in order to prevent moire and reduce residual potential.

これらの下引き層は、前述の感光層の如く適当な溶媒及び塗工法を用いて形成することができる。更に本発明の下引き層として、シランカップリング剤、チタンカップリング剤、クロムカップリング剤等を使用することもできる。この他、本発明の下引き層には、Alを陽極酸化にて設けたものや、ポリパラキシリレン(パリレン)等の有機物やSiO、SnO、TiO、ITO、CeO等の無機物を真空薄膜作成法にて設けたものも良好に使用できる。このほかにも公知のものを用いることができる。下引き層の膜厚は0〜5μmが適当である。 These undercoat layers can be formed using an appropriate solvent and a coating method like the above-mentioned photosensitive layer. Furthermore, a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, a chromium coupling agent, or the like can be used as the undercoat layer of the present invention. In addition, in the undercoat layer of the present invention, Al 2 O 3 is provided by anodization, organic substances such as polyparaxylylene (parylene), SiO 2 , SnO 2 , TiO 2 , ITO, CeO 2 A material provided with an inorganic material such as a vacuum thin film can also be used favorably. In addition, known ones can be used. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably from 0 to 5 μm.

本発明の感光体においては、感光層保護、及び低表面摩擦係数維持の目的で、保護層39を感光層の上に設ける。保護層39に使用される結着樹脂としてはABS樹脂、ACS樹脂、オレフィン−ビニルモノマー共重合体、塩素化ポリエーテル、アリール樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリアセタール、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアクリレート、ポリアリルスルホン、ポリブチレン、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリイミド、アクリル樹脂、ポリメチルベンテン、ポリプロピレン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリスルホン、ポリスチレン、ポリアリレート、AS樹脂、ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体、ポリウレタン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、エポキシ樹脂等の樹脂が挙げられる。フッ素樹脂微粒子の分散性、残留電位、塗膜欠陥の点から、特にポリカーボネートあるいはポリアリレートが有効かつ有用である。   In the photoreceptor of the present invention, a protective layer 39 is provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer and maintaining a low surface friction coefficient. The binder resin used for the protective layer 39 is ABS resin, ACS resin, olefin-vinyl monomer copolymer, chlorinated polyether, aryl resin, phenol resin, polyacetal, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacrylate, polyallylsulfone. , Polybutylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, acrylic resin, polymethylbenten, polypropylene, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polystyrene, polyarylate, AS resin, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyurethane , Resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and epoxy resin. From the viewpoint of dispersibility of fluororesin fine particles, residual potential, and coating film defects, polycarbonate or polyarylate is particularly effective and useful.

また、感光体の保護層には、耐摩耗性を向上する目的でフィラー材料を添加してもよい。フィラーとしては有機性フィラーと無機性フィラーがあるが、フィラーの硬度の点から無機性フィラーを用いることが耐摩耗性の向上に対し有利である。このような無機性フィラー材料としては、銅、スズ、アルミニウム、インジウムなどの金属粉末、シリカ、酸化錫、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、アルミナ、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化インジウム、酸化アンチモン、酸化ビスマス、酸化カルシウム、アンチモンをドープした酸化錫、錫をドープした酸化インジウム等の金属酸化物、フッ化錫、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化アルミニウム等の金属フッ化物、チタン酸カリウム、窒化硼素などの無機材料が挙げられる。   Further, a filler material may be added to the protective layer of the photoreceptor for the purpose of improving wear resistance. As the filler, there are an organic filler and an inorganic filler. From the viewpoint of the hardness of the filler, the use of the inorganic filler is advantageous for improving the wear resistance. Examples of such inorganic filler materials include metal powders such as copper, tin, aluminum, and indium, silica, tin oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, alumina, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, antimony oxide, bismuth oxide, calcium oxide, Examples thereof include metal oxides such as tin oxide doped with antimony and indium oxide doped with tin, metal fluorides such as tin fluoride, calcium fluoride and aluminum fluoride, and inorganic materials such as potassium titanate and boron nitride.

これらのフィラーは少なくとも1種の表面処理剤で表面処理させることが可能であり、そうすることがフィラーの分散性の面から好ましい。フィラーの分散性の低下は残留電位の上昇だけでなく、塗膜の透明性の低下や塗膜欠陥の発生、さらには耐摩耗性の低下をも引き起こすため、高耐久化あるいは高画質化を妨げる大きな問題に発展する可能性がある。表面処理剤としては、従来用いられている表面処理剤すべてを使用することができるが、フィラーの絶縁性を維持できる表面処理剤が好ましい。例えば、チタネート系カップリング剤、アルミニウム系カップリング剤、ジルコアルミネート系カップリング剤、高級脂肪酸等、あるいはこれらとシランカップリング剤との混合処理や、Al、TiO、ZrO、シリコーン、ステアリン酸アルミニウム等、あるいはそれらの混合処理がフィラーの分散性及び画像ボケの点からより好ましい。シランカップリング剤による処理は、画像ボケの影響が強くなるが、上記の表面処理剤とシランカップリング剤との混合処理を施すことによりその影響を抑制できる場合がある。表面処理量については、用いるフィラーの平均一次粒径によって異なるが、3〜30wt%が適しており、5〜20wt%がより好ましい。表面処理量がこれよりも少ないとフィラーの分散効果が得られず、また多すぎると残留電位の著しい上昇を引き起こす。 These fillers can be surface-treated with at least one surface treatment agent, and it is preferable to do so from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the filler. Lowering the dispersibility of the filler not only increases the residual potential, but also lowers the transparency of the coating, causes defects in the coating, and lowers the wear resistance. It can develop into a big problem. As the surface treatment agent, all conventionally used surface treatment agents can be used, but a surface treatment agent capable of maintaining the insulating properties of the filler is preferable. For example, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminum coupling agent, a zircoaluminate coupling agent, a higher fatty acid, etc., or a mixing treatment of these with a silane coupling agent, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Silicone, aluminum stearate, or the like, or a mixture thereof is more preferable from the viewpoint of filler dispersibility and image blur. The treatment with the silane coupling agent is strongly influenced by image blur, but the influence may be suppressed by performing a mixing treatment of the surface treatment agent and the silane coupling agent. The surface treatment amount varies depending on the average primary particle size of the filler used, but is preferably 3 to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 to 20 wt%. If the surface treatment amount is less than this, the filler dispersion effect cannot be obtained, and if it is too much, the residual potential is significantly increased.

本発明に用いることができるフッ素樹脂微粒子としては、例えば四フッ化エチレン樹脂微粒子、パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂微粒子、三フッ化塩化エチレン樹脂微粒子、六フッ化エチレンプロピレン樹脂微粒子、フッ化ビニル樹脂微粒子、フッ化ビニリデン樹脂微粒子、フッ化二塩化エチレン樹脂微粒子及びこれ等の共重合体等が挙げられ、これ等の中から一種あるいはそれ以上が適宜選択されるが、特に四フッ化エチレン樹脂微粒子、パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂微粒子が好ましい。粒径は0.1〜10μm、好ましくは0.05〜2.0μmが使用可能であり、必要に応じて後述の分散処理によって粒径調整も可能である。   Examples of the fluororesin fine particles that can be used in the present invention include tetrafluoroethylene resin fine particles, perfluoroalkoxy resin fine particles, trifluorinated ethylene chloride fine resin particles, hexafluoroethylene propylene resin fine particles, vinyl fluoride resin fine particles, and fluorine. Vinylidene fluoride resin fine particles, fluorinated ethylene dichloride resin fine particles and copolymers thereof, and the like, and one or more of these are appropriately selected. Particularly, tetrafluoroethylene resin fine particles, perfluoro Alkoxy resin fine particles are preferred. The particle size can be 0.1 to 10 μm, preferably 0.05 to 2.0 μm, and the particle size can be adjusted by a dispersion treatment described later as required.

保護層中におけるフッ素樹脂微粒子の二次粒子径の大きさは0.3〜4μmのものが表面を面積比で10%以上60%以下の範囲で被覆している必要があり、さらに好ましくは、二次粒子の大きさが0.3〜1.5μmである。二次粒子がこの範囲を超えると、前述のトナー接触面不足が生じたり、レーザー光の散乱による異常画像の原因となる。また、表面の被覆率が面積比で10%未満だと、ミクロに見たときの低表面摩擦係数が不十分となり、面積比で60%を超えると、レーザー光の透過率が著しく低下して、静電潜像が形成困難になってしまう。   The size of the secondary particle diameter of the fluororesin fine particles in the protective layer must be 0.3 to 4 μm to cover the surface in an area ratio of 10% to 60%, more preferably, The size of the secondary particles is 0.3 to 1.5 μm. If the secondary particles exceed this range, the above-mentioned toner contact surface shortage may occur or abnormal images due to laser light scattering may be caused. Further, if the surface coverage is less than 10% in area ratio, the low surface friction coefficient when viewed microscopically becomes insufficient, and if it exceeds 60% in area ratio, the transmittance of laser light is significantly reduced. This makes it difficult to form an electrostatic latent image.

さらに、繰り返し使用においても、低表面摩擦係数を持続するためには、フッ素樹脂微粒子が体積分率で20%以上60%以下存在することが好ましい。これによって、低μのために、摩耗量が著しく低減した感光体に置いても、フッ素樹脂微粒子の必要十分な量が延展され続けるため、低表面摩擦係数、且つ高耐久が発現される。体積分率で20%未満では、表面近傍は前述の被覆率を確保できていても、摩耗によって保護層内部が表面に露出した場合に、低表面摩擦係数を発現しなくなってしまう。また、体積分率で60%を超えると、バインダー樹脂の量が減少するので、塗膜の機械的強度が著しく低下してしまい、感光体寿命が減少してしまう。   Furthermore, in order to maintain a low surface friction coefficient even after repeated use, it is preferable that the fluororesin fine particles are present in a volume fraction of 20% to 60%. As a result, a necessary and sufficient amount of fluororesin fine particles continues to be extended even when placed on a photoconductor having a significantly reduced amount of wear due to the low μ, so that a low surface friction coefficient and high durability are exhibited. If the volume fraction is less than 20%, even if the above-mentioned coverage can be ensured in the vicinity of the surface, the low surface friction coefficient will not be exhibited when the inside of the protective layer is exposed to the surface due to wear. On the other hand, if the volume fraction exceeds 60%, the amount of the binder resin is reduced, so that the mechanical strength of the coating film is remarkably lowered and the life of the photoreceptor is reduced.

用いられる溶剤としては、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、トルエン、ジクロロメタン、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロエタン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルケトン、アセトンなど、電荷輸送層37で使用されるすべての溶剤を使用することができる。但し、分散時には粘度が高い溶剤が好ましいが、塗工時には揮発性が高い溶剤が好ましい。これらの条件を満たす溶剤がない場合には、各々の物性を有する溶剤を2種以上混合させて使用することが可能であり、フッ素樹脂微粒子の分散性に対して大きな効果を有する場合がある。
また、保護層に電荷輸送層37で挙げた低分子電荷輸送物質あるいは高分子電荷輸送物質を添加することは、残留電位の低減及び画質向上に対して有効かつ有用である。
As the solvent to be used, all solvents used in the charge transport layer 37 such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and acetone can be used. However, a solvent having a high viscosity is preferable at the time of dispersion, but a solvent having high volatility is preferable at the time of coating. When there is no solvent satisfying these conditions, it is possible to use a mixture of two or more solvents having respective physical properties, which may have a great effect on the dispersibility of the fluororesin fine particles.
In addition, the addition of the low molecular charge transport material or the polymer charge transport material mentioned in the charge transport layer 37 to the protective layer is effective and useful for reducing the residual potential and improving the image quality.

フッ素樹脂微粒子は、少なくとも有機溶剤とともにアトライター、サンドミル、振動ミル、超音波などの従来方法を用いて分散することができる。この中でも、外界からの不純物の混入が少ないボールミル、または振動ミルによる分散が分散性の点からより好ましい。使用されるメディアの材質については、従来使用されているジルコニア、アルミナ、メノウ等すべてのメディアを使用することができるが、フッ素樹脂微粒子の分散性への効果の点から特にジルコニアを使用することがより好ましい。場合によっては、これらの分散方法を組み合わせることで更に分散性が高まることがある。
また、フッ素樹脂微粒子の分散性を制御する目的で分散剤を樹脂に添加してもよい。このような分散剤としては、フッ素系の界面活性剤、グラフトポリマー、ブロックポリマー及びカップリング剤等が使用できる。
The fluororesin fine particles can be dispersed together with at least an organic solvent using a conventional method such as an attritor, a sand mill, a vibration mill, or an ultrasonic wave. Among these, dispersion by a ball mill or a vibration mill in which impurities from the outside are little mixed is more preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility. As the material of the media used, all media such as zirconia, alumina, and agate that have been used in the past can be used. However, zirconia is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the effect on the dispersibility of the fluororesin fine particles. More preferred. In some cases, dispersibility may be further increased by combining these dispersion methods.
Further, a dispersant may be added to the resin for the purpose of controlling the dispersibility of the fluororesin fine particles. As such a dispersant, a fluorine-based surfactant, a graft polymer, a block polymer, a coupling agent, and the like can be used.

保護層の形成法としては、浸漬塗工法、スプレーコート、ビートコート、ノズルコート、スピナーコート、リングコート等の従来方法を用いることができるが、特に塗膜の均一性の面からスプレーコートがより好ましい。さらに、保護層の必要膜厚を一度で塗工し、保護層を形成することも可能であるが、2回以上重ねて塗工し、保護層を多層にする方が膜中におけるフッ素樹脂微粒子の均一性の面からより好ましい。保護層の厚さは自由に設定可能であるが、保護層膜厚が著しく増加すると、画質が若干劣化する傾向が認められるため、必要最小限度の膜厚に設定することが好ましい。0.1〜10μm程度が適当である。   As a method for forming the protective layer, conventional methods such as dip coating, spray coating, beat coating, nozzle coating, spinner coating, ring coating, etc. can be used. preferable. Furthermore, it is possible to form the protective layer by coating the required film thickness of the protective layer at one time. It is more preferable in terms of uniformity. Although the thickness of the protective layer can be set freely, it is recognized that when the protective layer thickness is significantly increased, the image quality tends to be slightly deteriorated. About 0.1-10 micrometers is suitable.

しかしながら、本発明のような高濃度で且つフッ素樹脂微粒子による二次粒子を有する構成の感光体においては、使用条件により、帯電性が低下し、メモリー効果(残像)等の問題を引き起こしたり、また、オゾンやNOxなどの酸化性ガスが吸着しやすく、場合によっては、最表面の低抵抗化を招き、画像流れ等の問題を引き起こす可能性があった。この問題を解決するためには、前記一般式(1)〜(22)で表される化合物を含有させることによって実現される。   However, in a photoconductor having a high concentration and secondary particles of fluororesin fine particles as in the present invention, the chargeability is lowered depending on the use conditions, causing problems such as a memory effect (afterimage), etc. Oxidizing gases such as ozone and NOx tend to be adsorbed, and in some cases, the resistance of the outermost surface is lowered, which may cause problems such as image flow. In order to solve this problem, it is realized by including the compounds represented by the general formulas (1) to (22).

これら一般式の説明にある、アルキル基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、及びウンデカニル基などを挙げることができる。また、芳香環基としてはベンゼン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、及びピレンなど芳香族炭化水素環の1価〜6価の芳香族炭化水素基、並びにピリジン、キノリン、チオフェン、フラン、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾール、カルバゾールなど芳香族複素環の1価〜6価の芳香族複素環基が挙げられる。また、これらの置換基としては、上記アルキル基の具体例で挙げたもの、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基などのアルコキシ基、またはフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子のハロゲン原子、及び芳香環基などが挙げられる。更に、R1、R2が互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基の具体例としてはピロリジニル基、ピペリジニル基、ピロリニル基等が挙げられる。その他、共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基としては、N−メチルカルバゾール、N−エチルカルバゾール、N−フェニルカルバゾール、インドール、キノリンの芳香族複素環基などを挙げることができる。
以下に一般式(1)〜(22)の好ましい例を挙げる。但し、本発明は、これらの化合物に限定されるものではない。
Specific examples of the alkyl group in the description of these general formulas include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, and an undecanyl group. In addition, examples of aromatic ring groups include monovalent to hexavalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene, and pyridine, quinoline, thiophene, furan, oxazole, oxadiazole, and carbazole. And monovalent to hexavalent aromatic heterocyclic groups of an aromatic heterocyclic ring. These substituents include those exemplified in the above specific examples of alkyl groups, alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and butoxy group, or halogen atoms of fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom. An atom, an aromatic ring group, etc. are mentioned. Furthermore, specific examples of the heterocyclic group containing nitrogen atoms in which R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other include a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, and a pyrrolinyl group. In addition, examples of the heterocyclic group jointly containing a nitrogen atom include aromatic heterocyclic groups such as N-methylcarbazole, N-ethylcarbazole, N-phenylcarbazole, indole, and quinoline.
Preferred examples of general formulas (1) to (22) are given below. However, the present invention is not limited to these compounds.

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

一般式(1)〜(22)で表される化合物の添加量は、バインダー樹脂に対して0.01wt%〜150wt%が好ましい。少ないと酸化性ガスに対する耐性が不足し、多すぎると、膜強度が低下し、耐摩耗性が劣化する。   The addition amount of the compounds represented by the general formulas (1) to (22) is preferably 0.01 wt% to 150 wt% with respect to the binder resin. When the amount is too small, the resistance to the oxidizing gas is insufficient. When the amount is too large, the film strength is lowered and the wear resistance is deteriorated.

本発明の感光体においては、感光層と保護層との間に中間層を設けることも可能である。中間層には、一般にバインダー樹脂を主成分として用いる。これら樹脂としては、ポリアミド、アルコール可溶性ナイロン、水溶性ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルアルコールなどが挙げられる。中間層の形成法としては、前述のごとく一般に用いられる塗布法が採用される。なお、中間層の厚さは0.05〜2μm程度が適当である。   In the photoreceptor of the present invention, an intermediate layer can be provided between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer. In the intermediate layer, a binder resin is generally used as a main component. Examples of these resins include polyamide, alcohol-soluble nylon, water-soluble polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl alcohol. As a method for forming the intermediate layer, a generally used coating method as described above is employed. In addition, about 0.05-2 micrometers is suitable for the thickness of an intermediate | middle layer.

次に図面を用いて本発明の電子写真方法ならびに電子写真装置を詳しく説明する。
図4は、本発明の電子写真プロセス及び電子写真装置を説明するための概略図であり、下記のような例も本発明の範疇に属するものである。
図4において、感光体1は少なくとも感光層が設けられ、最表面層に少なくともフッ素樹脂微粒子、及び上記一般式(1)〜(22)で表されるアミン化合物を含有してなる。感光体1はドラム状の形状を示しているが、シート状、エンドレスベルト状のものであっても良い。帯電チャージャー3、転写前チャージャー7、転写チャージャー10、分離チャージャー11、クリーニング前チャージャー13には、コロトロン、スコロトロン、固体帯電器(ソリッド・ステート・チャージャー)、帯電ローラ等が用いられ、公知の手段がすべて使用可能である。
Next, the electrophotographic method and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the electrophotographic process and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention, and the following examples also belong to the category of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, the photoreceptor 1 is provided with at least a photosensitive layer, and the outermost surface layer contains at least fluororesin fine particles and amine compounds represented by the above general formulas (1) to (22). The photosensitive member 1 has a drum shape, but may be a sheet shape or an endless belt shape. As the charging charger 3, the pre-transfer charger 7, the transfer charger 10, the separation charger 11, and the pre-cleaning charger 13, a corotron, a scorotron, a solid state charger (solid state charger), a charging roller, or the like is used. All are usable.

転写手段には、一般に上記の帯電器が使用できるが、図に示されるように転写チャージャーと分離チャージャーを併用したものが効果的である。
また、画像露光部5、除電ランプ2等の光源には、蛍光灯、タングステンランプ、ハロゲンランプ、水銀灯、ナトリウム灯、発光ダイオード(LED)、半導体レーザー(LD)、エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)などの発光物全般を用いることができる。そして、所望の波長域の光のみを照射するために、シャープカットフィルター、バンドパスフィルター、近赤外カットフィルター、ダイクロイックフィルター、干渉フィルター、色温度変換フィルターなどの各種フィルターを用いることもできる。
As the transfer means, the above charger can be generally used. However, as shown in the figure, a combination of a transfer charger and a separation charger is effective.
In addition, light sources such as the image exposure unit 5 and the charge removal lamp 2 emit light such as a fluorescent lamp, a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp, a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), a semiconductor laser (LD), and an electroluminescence (EL). All things can be used. Various types of filters such as a sharp cut filter, a band pass filter, a near infrared cut filter, a dichroic filter, an interference filter, and a color temperature conversion filter can be used to irradiate only light in a desired wavelength range.

光源等は、図4に示される工程の他に光照射を併用した転写工程、除電工程、クリーニング工程、あるいは前露光などの工程を設けることにより、感光体に光が照射される。
さて、現像ユニット6により感光体1上に現像されたトナーは、転写紙9に転写されるが、全部が転写されるわけではなく、感光体1上に残存するトナーも生ずる。このようなトナーは、ファーブラシ14およびブレード15により、感光体より除去される。クリーニングは、クリーニングブラシだけで行なわれることもあり、クリーニングブラシにはファーブラシ、マグファーブラシを始めとする公知のものが用いられる。
In addition to the steps shown in FIG. 4, the light source and the like are provided with a transfer step, a static elimination step, a cleaning step, a pre-exposure step and the like using light irradiation, so that the photosensitive member is irradiated with light.
The toner developed on the photosensitive member 1 by the developing unit 6 is transferred to the transfer paper 9, but not all is transferred, and some toner remains on the photosensitive member 1. Such toner is removed from the photoreceptor by the fur brush 14 and the blade 15. Cleaning may be performed only with a cleaning brush, and a known brush such as a fur brush or a mag fur brush is used as the cleaning brush.

電子写真感光体に正(負)帯電を施し、画像露光を行うと、感光体表面上には正(負)の静電潜像が形成される。これを負(正)極性のトナー(検電微粒子)で現像すれば、ポジ画像が得られるし、また正(負)極性のトナーで現像すれば、ネガ画像が得られる。
かかる現像手段には、公知の方法が適用されるし、また、除電手段にも公知の方法が用いられる。
When a positive (negative) charge is applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member and image exposure is performed, a positive (negative) electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member. When this is developed with negative (positive) polarity toner (electrodetection fine particles), a positive image can be obtained, and when developed with positive (negative) polarity toner, a negative image can be obtained.
A known method is applied to the developing unit, and a known method is also used for the charge eliminating unit.

図5には、本発明による電子写真プロセスの別の例を示す。感光体21は少なくとも感光層を有し、さらに最表面層に少なくともフッ素樹脂微粒子、及び上記一般式(1)〜(22)で表されるアミン化合物を含有しており、駆動ローラ22a、22bにより駆動され、帯電器23による帯電、光源24による像露光、現像(図示せず)、帯電器25を用いる転写、光源26によるクリーニング前露光、ブラシ27によるクリーニング、光源28による除電が繰返し行なわれる。図5においては、感光体21(勿論この場合は支持体が透光性である)に支持体側よりクリーニング前露光の光照射が行なわれる。   FIG. 5 shows another example of the electrophotographic process according to the present invention. The photoreceptor 21 has at least a photosensitive layer, and further contains at least fluororesin fine particles and an amine compound represented by the general formulas (1) to (22) on the outermost surface layer, and is driven by driving rollers 22a and 22b. When driven, charging by the charger 23, image exposure by the light source 24, development (not shown), transfer using the charger 25, pre-cleaning exposure by the light source 26, cleaning by the brush 27, and static elimination by the light source 28 are repeated. In FIG. 5, the photoconductor 21 (of course, the support is translucent in this case) is irradiated with pre-cleaning exposure light from the support side.

以上の図示した電子写真プロセスは、本発明における実施形態を例示するものであって、もちろん他の実施形態も可能である。例えば、図5において支持体側よりクリーニング前露光を行っているが、これは感光層側から行ってもよいし、また、像露光、除電光の照射を支持体側から行ってもよい。
一方、光照射工程は、像露光、クリーニング前露光、除電露光が図示されているが、他に転写前露光、像露光のプレ露光、およびその他公知の光照射工程を設けて、感光体に光照射を行うこともできる。
The above illustrated electrophotographic process exemplifies an embodiment of the present invention, and of course, other embodiments are possible. For example, in FIG. 5, the pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side, but this may be performed from the photosensitive layer side, or image exposure and neutralization light irradiation may be performed from the support side.
On the other hand, the light irradiation process is illustrated as image exposure, pre-cleaning exposure, and static elimination exposure. In addition, a pre-transfer exposure, a pre-exposure of image exposure, and other known light irradiation processes are provided to light the photosensitive member. Irradiation can also be performed.

また、本発明によれば、前記画像形成装置において、少なくとも電子写真感光体表面に接触して摺擦する当接部材を有する画像形成装置が提供される。
これによって、低摩擦係数化の効果が飛躍的に上がり、クリーニング性、耐摩耗性が著しく上昇する。この効果について、明確には分かっていないが、次のようなメカニズムが考えられる。
In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus having a contact member that contacts and rubs at least the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
As a result, the effect of lowering the friction coefficient is remarkably increased, and the cleaning property and wear resistance are remarkably increased. Although this effect is not clearly understood, the following mechanism is conceivable.

フッ素樹脂微粒子が露出している最表面層を当接部材が摺擦することにより、フッ素樹脂微粒子の露出部分が摺擦方向に延びて、フッ素樹脂微粒子が存在しない感光体表面も被覆する。このとき、本発明の電子写真感光体の最表面層のようにフッ素樹脂微粒子が好適な範囲で存在することによって、フッ素樹脂微粒子の含有量を増加させることなくフッ素樹脂微粒子が存在しない表面をほぼ全域にわたって被覆することができるため、感光体表面の全域において、ほぼ均一に、かつ低い摩擦係数を発現することができる。さらに、最表層が摩耗しても、内在するフッ素樹脂微粒子が析出してくるので、長期間にわたって、低摩擦係数な表面を持続することが可能となり、高いレベルでのクリーニング性、耐摩耗性を維持できる。   When the contact member rubs the outermost surface layer on which the fluororesin fine particles are exposed, the exposed portion of the fluororesin fine particles extends in the rubbing direction to cover the surface of the photoreceptor where the fluororesin fine particles are not present. At this time, as the outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, the fluororesin fine particles are present in a suitable range, so that the surface on which the fluororesin fine particles are not present can be obtained without increasing the content of the fluororesin fine particles. Since it can be coated over the entire area, a low friction coefficient can be expressed almost uniformly over the entire surface of the photoreceptor. Furthermore, even if the outermost layer wears out, the inner fluororesin fine particles are deposited, so it is possible to maintain a surface with a low coefficient of friction for a long period of time, and to achieve a high level of cleaning and wear resistance. Can be maintained.

当接部材としては、フッ素樹脂微粒子の露出部分の摺擦を目的とした当接部材を設けても良いし、帯電ローラーなどの接触帯電部材、クリーニングブレード、クリーニングブラシなどのクリーニング部材、転写ベルト、中間転写ベルトなどの転写部材など一般的に画像形成装置に用いられる部材に加圧する機構を設けたようなものでもよい。ここでは、クリーニングブレードによって感光体表面を摺擦する場合を例に挙げて説明する。クリーニングブレードは、感光体表面を略均等な圧力で感光体表面を押しながらほぼ全面を摺擦し、フッ素樹脂微粒子を均等に表面に付着させるという効果が大きく好ましい。
クリーニングブレードによってフッ素樹脂を被覆させる場合、クリーニングブレードの各種条件として、ブレード当接角10〜30度、当接圧力0.3〜4g/mm、ブレードとして用いるウレタンゴムのゴム硬度60〜70度、反発弾性、30〜70%、ヤング率30〜60kgf/cm、厚さ1.5〜3.0mm、自由長7〜12mm、ブレードエッジの感光体への食い込み量0.2〜2mmの範囲が好適である。
As the contact member, a contact member for the purpose of rubbing the exposed portion of the fluororesin fine particles may be provided, a contact charging member such as a charging roller, a cleaning member such as a cleaning blade or a cleaning brush, a transfer belt, A mechanism for applying pressure to a member generally used in an image forming apparatus such as a transfer member such as an intermediate transfer belt may be provided. Here, a case where the surface of the photoreceptor is rubbed with a cleaning blade will be described as an example. The cleaning blade is preferable because it has a great effect of rubbing the entire surface of the photosensitive member while pressing the surface of the photosensitive member with a substantially uniform pressure so that the fluororesin fine particles are uniformly attached to the surface.
When the fluororesin is coated with the cleaning blade, various conditions of the cleaning blade include a blade contact angle of 10 to 30 degrees, a contact pressure of 0.3 to 4 g / mm, and a rubber hardness of urethane rubber used as the blade of 60 to 70 degrees. Rebound resilience, 30 to 70%, Young's modulus of 30 to 60 kgf / cm 2 , thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm, free length of 7 to 12 mm, blade edge biting amount into the photoreceptor of 0.2 to 2 mm Is preferred.

以上に示すような画像形成手段は、複写装置、ファクシミリ、プリンター内に固定して組み込まれていてもよいが、プロセスカートリッジの形でそれら装置内に組み込まれてもよい。プロセスカートリッジとは、感光体を内蔵し、他に帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、転写手段、クリーニング手段、除電手段を含んだ1つの装置(部品)である。プロセスカートリッジの形状等は多く挙げられるが、一般的な例として、図6に示すものが挙げられる。感光体16は、導電性支持体上に、少なくとも感光層を有し、かつ最表面層に少なくともフッ素樹脂微粒子、及び上記一般式(1)〜(22)で表されるアミン化合物を含有してなる。   The image forming means as described above may be fixedly incorporated in a copying apparatus, a facsimile, or a printer, but may be incorporated in these apparatuses in the form of a process cartridge. A process cartridge is a single device (part) that contains a photosensitive member and includes a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a charge eliminating unit. There are many shapes and the like of the process cartridge, but a general example is shown in FIG. The photoreceptor 16 has at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, and contains at least fluororesin fine particles and an amine compound represented by the above general formulas (1) to (22) on the outermost surface layer. Become.

以下、本発明について実施例を挙げて説明するが、本発明が実施例により制約を受けるものではない。なお、部はすべて重量部である。
実施例1
アルミニウムシリンダー上に下記組成の下引き層塗工液、電荷発生層塗工液、および電荷輸送層塗工液を、浸漬塗工によって順次塗布、乾燥し、3.5μmの下引き層、0.2μmの電荷発生層、22μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not restrict | limited by an Example. All parts are parts by weight.
Example 1
An undercoat layer coating solution, a charge generation layer coating solution, and a charge transport layer coating solution having the following composition are sequentially applied onto an aluminum cylinder by dip coating and dried to obtain a 3.5 μm undercoat layer, 0. A 2 μm charge generation layer and a 22 μm charge transport layer were formed.

◎下引き層塗工液
二酸化チタン粉末: 400部
メラミン樹脂: 65部
アルキッド樹脂: 120部
2−ブタノン: 400部
◎電荷発生層塗工液
下記構造のビスアゾ顔料: 12部

Figure 0004187637

ポリビニルブチラール: 5部
2−ブタノン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 400部 ◎ Undercoat layer coating liquid Titanium dioxide powder: 400 parts Melamine resin: 65 parts Alkyd resin: 120 parts 2-butanone: 400 parts ◎ Bisazo pigment having the following structure: 12 parts
Figure 0004187637

Polyvinyl butyral: 5 parts 2-butanone: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 400 parts

◎電荷輸送層塗工液
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 8部
下記構造式の電荷輸送物質: 10部

Figure 0004187637

テトラヒドロフラン: 100部 ◎ Charge transport layer coating solution Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, Teijin Chemicals): 8 parts Charge transport material of the following structural formula: 10 parts
Figure 0004187637

Tetrahydrofuran: 100 parts

電荷輸送層上にさらに、下記組成の保護層塗工液を高速液衝突分散装置(装置名:アルティマイザーHJP−25005 スギノマシン社製)において、100MPa圧力下、30min循環し、その後、超音波を10分間照射して調整し、スプレー塗工[スプレーガン:ピースコンPC308 オリンポス社製、エア圧:2kgf/cm]を行い、130℃60分間乾燥して約5μmの保護層を形成し、電子写真感光体1を作製した。 Further, a protective layer coating solution having the following composition was circulated on the charge transport layer for 30 minutes under a pressure of 100 MPa in a high-speed liquid collision dispersion device (device name: ULTIMIZER HJP-25005, manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.). Adjust by irradiation for 10 minutes, spray coating [spray gun: Peacecon PC308, manufactured by Olympos, air pressure: 2 kgf / cm 2 ], dry at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a protective layer of about 5 μm, and electrophotography Photoconductor 1 was produced.

◎保護層塗工液
パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子
(MPE−056、三井フロロケミカル製): 5.5部
分散助剤(モディパーF210 日本油脂製): 1.0部
例示化合物3−4: 0.4部
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 4部
テトラヒドロフラン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 60部
◎ Protective layer coating solution Perfluoroalkoxy resin particles (MPE-056, manufactured by Mitsui Fluorochemicals): 5.5 parts Dispersing aid (Modiper F210, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats): 1.0 part Exemplary compound 3-4: 0.4 Part Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, Teijin Chemicals): 4 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 60 parts

実施例2
実施例1において、保護層塗工液を下記組成に変更した以外は同様にして、電子写真感光体2を作製した。
◎保護層塗工液
パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子
(MPE−056、三井フロロケミカル製): 3.3部
分散助剤(モディパーF210 日本油脂製): 1.0部
例示化合物3−4: 0.4部
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 6.4部
テトラヒドロフラン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 60部
Example 2
An electrophotographic photoreceptor 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer coating solution was changed to the following composition.
◎ Protective layer coating solution Perfluoroalkoxy resin particles (MPE-056, manufactured by Mitsui Fluorochemicals): 3.3 parts Dispersing aid (Modiper F210, manufactured by NOF Corporation): 1.0 part Exemplary compound 3-4: 0.4 Part Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals): 6.4 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 60 parts

実施例3
実施例1において、保護層塗工液を下記組成に変更した以外は同様にして、電子写真感光体3を作製した。
◎保護層塗工液
パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子
(MPE−056、三井フロロケミカル製): 7.4部
分散助剤(モディパーF210 日本油脂製): 1.0部
例示化合物3−4: 0.4部
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 2.3部
テトラヒドロフラン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 60部
Example 3
An electrophotographic photosensitive member 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer coating solution was changed to the following composition.
◎ Protective layer coating solution Perfluoroalkoxy resin particles (MPE-056, manufactured by Mitsui Fluorochemicals): 7.4 parts Dispersing aid (Modiper F210, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats): 1.0 part Exemplary Compound 3-4: 0.4 Part Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, Teijin Chemicals): 2.3 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 60 parts

比較例1
実施例1において、保護層塗工液を下記組成に変更した以外は同様にして、比較用電子写真感光体1を作製した。
◎保護層塗工液
パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子
(MPE−056、三井フロロケミカル製): 3.0部
分散助剤(モディパーF210 日本油脂製): 1.0部
例示化合物3−4: 0.4部
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 6.7部
テトラヒドロフラン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 60部
Comparative Example 1
A comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer coating solution was changed to the following composition.
◎ Protective layer coating solution Perfluoroalkoxy resin particles (MPE-056, manufactured by Mitsui Fluorochemicals): 3.0 parts Dispersing aid (Modiper F210, manufactured by NOF Corporation): 1.0 part Illustrative compound 3-4: 0.4 Part Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals): 6.7 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 60 parts

比較例2
実施例1において、保護層塗工液を下記組成に変更した以外は同様にして、比較用電子写真感光体2を作製した。
◎保護層塗工液
パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子
(MPE−056、三井フロロケミカル製): 7.8部
分散助剤(モディパーF210 日本油脂製): 1.0部
例示化合物3−4: 0.4部
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 1.9部
テトラヒドロフラン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 60部
Comparative Example 2
A comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer coating solution was changed to the following composition.
◎ Protective layer coating solution Perfluoroalkoxy resin particles (MPE-056, manufactured by Mitsui Fluorochemicals): 7.8 parts Dispersing aid (Modiper F210, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats): 1.0 part Exemplary compound 3-4: 0.4 Part Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, Teijin Chemicals): 1.9 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 60 parts

比較例3
実施例1において、保護層塗工液を下記組成に変更した以外は同様にして、比較用電子写真感光体3を作製した。
◎保護層塗工液
パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子
(MPE−056、三井フロロケミカル製): 5.5部
分散助剤(モディパーF210 日本油脂製): 1.0部
ポリカーボネート(Zポリカ、帝人化成製): 4.2部
テトラヒドロフラン: 200部
シクロヘキサノン: 60部
Comparative Example 3
A comparative electrophotographic photosensitive member 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer coating solution was changed to the following composition.
◎ Protective layer coating solution Perfluoroalkoxy resin particles (MPE-056, manufactured by Mitsui Fluorochemicals): 5.5 parts Dispersing aid (Modiper F210, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats): 1.0 part Polycarbonate (Z Polyca, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals) : 4.2 parts Tetrahydrofuran: 200 parts Cyclohexanone: 60 parts

実施例4
実施例1において、パーフロロアルコキシ樹脂粒子をテトラフロロエチレン樹脂粒子(ルブロンL−2 ダイキン製)に変更した以外は同様にして、電子写真感光体4を作製した。
Example 4
An electrophotographic photosensitive member 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the perfluoroalkoxy resin particles were changed to tetrafluoroethylene resin particles (Lublon L-2 manufactured by Daikin).

実施例5〜61
実施例1において、例示化合物を表に示した化合物に変更した以外は同様にして、電子写真感光体5〜61を作製した。
Examples 5-61
Electrophotographic photosensitive members 5 to 61 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the exemplified compounds were changed to the compounds shown in the table.

トナー製造例1
1)単量体組成物の作製
スチレンモノマー 70部
n−ブチルメタクリレート 30部
ポリスチレン 5部
3,5−ジ−tert−ブチルサリチル酸亜鉛塩 2部
カーボンブラック 6部
上記の重合性単量体混合物をボールミルを用いて24時間分散混合して単量体組成物を調製した。
Toner production example 1
1) Preparation of monomer composition Styrene monomer 70 parts n-butyl methacrylate 30 parts polystyrene 5 parts 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylic acid zinc salt 2 parts carbon black 6 parts The above polymerizable monomer mixture is ball milled Was used for dispersion for 24 hours to prepare a monomer composition.

2)造粒、重合
攪拌機、温度計、不活性ガス導入管及び細孔径110,000Å、細孔容積0.42cc/g、10φ×50mmの多孔質ガラス管を備えたフラスコに2%ポリビニルアルコール水溶液400mlを取り、窒素ガスを送りながら室温で攪拌を行い、反応容器中の酸素を窒素置換した。
ついで1)の単量体組成物113gにアゾビスイソブチルニトリル1.56gを加え攪拌溶解し、ポンプを用いて多孔質ガラス管を通過させて、ポリビニルアルコール水溶液中へ加え、加え終った後ポリビニルアルコールと単量体組成物の混合物を、前記ポンプと多孔質ガラス管を用いて約120ml/minの割合で2時間循環させた後、内温を70℃とし8時間重合させた。
その後室温まで冷却し一晩静置後、上澄液を除き水を加えて1時間攪拌後濾過、乾燥しトナーを得た。このトナーをコールターカウンターで粒子径を測定したところ、平均粒子径8.5μmで5〜0μm径の範囲にある粒子は全体の95%であり極めて狭い粒度分布であった。
2) Granulation and polymerization 2% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in a flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, inert gas introduction tube and porous glass tube with a pore diameter of 110,000 kg, a pore volume of 0.42 cc / g, 10φ × 50 mm 400 ml was taken and stirred at room temperature while feeding nitrogen gas to replace oxygen in the reaction vessel with nitrogen.
Next, 1.56 g of azobisisobutylnitrile was added to 113 g of the monomer composition of 1), dissolved by stirring, passed through a porous glass tube using a pump, added into an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, and after addition, polyvinyl alcohol The monomer composition was circulated at a rate of about 120 ml / min for 2 hours using the pump and the porous glass tube, and then the internal temperature was set to 70 ° C. and polymerization was performed for 8 hours.
After cooling to room temperature and allowing to stand overnight, the supernatant was removed, water was added, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, filtered and dried to obtain a toner. When the particle diameter of this toner was measured with a Coulter counter, the average particle diameter was 8.5 μm, and the particles in the range of 5 to 0 μm were 95% of the total, showing a very narrow particle size distribution.

評価例1
トナー製造例1で得られたトナー粒子を含む懸濁液を平板上の撮像部検知帯に通過させ、CCDカメラで光学的に粒子画像を検知し、得られる投影面積の等しい相当円の周囲長を実在粒子の周囲長で除した値である平均円形度を評価した。この値はフロー式粒子像分析装置FPIA−2000により平均円形度として計測することができ、具体的な測定方法としては、容器中の予め不純固形物を除去した水100〜150ml中に分散剤として界面活性剤、好ましくはアルキルベンゼンスフォン酸塩を0.1〜0.5ml加え、更に測定試料を0.1〜0.5g程度加え、試料を分散した懸濁液は超音波分散器で約1〜3分間分散処理を行ない、分散液濃度を3000〜1万個/μlとして前記装置によりトナーの形状及び分布を測定することによって得られる。これまでの検討の結果、0.960以上のトナーが適正な濃度の再現性のある高精細な画像を形成するのに有効であることがわかっており、より好ましくは、平均円形度が0.980〜1.000である。トナー製造例1で作製したトナーの円形度は0.98であった。
Evaluation Example 1
The suspension containing the toner particles obtained in Toner Production Example 1 is passed through an imaging unit detection zone on a flat plate, the particle image is optically detected by a CCD camera, and the perimeter of an equivalent circle having the same projected area is obtained. The average circularity, which is a value obtained by dividing by the perimeter of real particles, was evaluated. This value can be measured as an average circularity by a flow type particle image analyzer FPIA-2000. As a specific measurement method, as a dispersant in 100 to 150 ml of water from which impure solids have been removed in advance. A surfactant, preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate, is added in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 ml, and a sample to be measured is further added in an amount of about 0.1 to 0.5 g. It is obtained by performing dispersion treatment for ˜3 minutes and measuring the shape and distribution of the toner with the above apparatus at a dispersion concentration of 3000 to 10,000 / μl. As a result of the examination so far, it has been found that a toner having 0.960 or more is effective for forming a high-definition image having a reproducibility with an appropriate density. 980 to 1.000. The circularity of the toner produced in Toner Production Example 1 was 0.98.

評価例2(二次粒子径、被覆面積比)
得られた電子写真感光体1〜61及び比較用電子写真感光体1〜3の表面の任意の観察点10点について、サンプリングした塗膜表面をFE−SEMにより4000倍で表面を撮影し、得られたSEM写真を画像処理ソフト(IMAGE Pro Plus)を用いて、フッ素樹脂微粒子の個数、各粒子の平均直径、面積、面積比を解析した。
Evaluation Example 2 (Secondary particle diameter, coating area ratio)
About 10 arbitrary observation points on the surfaces of the obtained electrophotographic photoreceptors 1 to 61 and comparative electrophotographic photoreceptors 1 to 3, the surface of the sampled coating film was photographed at a magnification of 4000 by FE-SEM, and obtained. Using the image processing software (IMAGE Pro Plus), the obtained SEM photographs were analyzed for the number of fluororesin fine particles, the average diameter, area, and area ratio of each particle.

評価例3(表面摩擦係数)
得られた電子写真感光体1〜61及び比較用電子写真感光体1〜3について、特開平9−166919号公報等にて開示されているオイラー・ベルト方式を用い表面摩擦係数を評価した。ここでいうベルトとは、中厚の上質紙で、紙すきが長手方向になるようにして、図7に示すように、感光体の円周1/4に張架し、ベルトの一方にW=100gの荷重を掛け、他方にフォースゲージ(バネ秤)を設置し、フォースゲージを徐々に引っ張りながらベルトの移動を観察し、移動が開始した時点での荷重を読み取って以下の式にて計算する。なお、図7では、荷重:100g分銅と、ベルト:Type6200/T目/A4用紙/30mm幅(すき目方向にカット)と、ダブルクリップ2個が使用される。また、式におけるμは摩擦係数を、Fは引っ張り力を、Wは荷重を表す。
μ=2/π×ln(F/W) W=100g
Evaluation example 3 (surface friction coefficient)
The surface friction coefficient of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive members 1 to 61 and comparative electrophotographic photosensitive members 1 to 3 was evaluated using the Euler belt method disclosed in JP-A-9-166919. As used herein, the belt is medium-quality high-quality paper, and is stretched around the circumference of the photoconductor, as shown in FIG. Apply a load of 100 g, install a force gauge (spring balance) on the other side, observe the movement of the belt while gradually pulling the force gauge, read the load when the movement started, and calculate with the following formula . In FIG. 7, a load: 100 g weight, a belt: Type 6200 / T eye / A4 paper / 30 mm width (cut in the gap direction), and two double clips are used. In the equation, μ represents a friction coefficient, F represents a tensile force, and W represents a load.
μ = 2 / π × ln (F / W) W = 100 g

評価例4(耐久寿命A)
得られた電子写真感光体1〜61及び比較用電子写真感光体1〜3を、リコー製imagio Color 5100改造機(画像露光光源を655nmの半導体レーザーに交換し潤滑剤塗布手段を除去したもの)に搭載し、トナーは評価機で採用されている粉砕トナー(imagio ColorトナータイプS、円形度0.91)を用い、連続してトータル10万枚の印刷を行い、その際初期画像及び10万枚印刷後の画像について評価を行った。また、初期及び10万枚印刷後の明部電位を測定した。さらに、初期及び10万枚印刷後での膜厚差より摩耗量の評価を行った。
Evaluation Example 4 (Durability Life A)
The obtained electrophotographic photosensitive members 1 to 61 and comparative electrophotographic photosensitive members 1 to 3 were modified from Ricoh's imgio Color 5100 (the image exposure light source was replaced with a 655 nm semiconductor laser and the lubricant application means was removed). The toner used is a pulverized toner (image Color Toner Type S, circularity 0.91) used in the evaluation machine, and a total of 100,000 sheets are printed continuously. The image after sheet printing was evaluated. Further, the light portion potential at the initial stage and after printing 100,000 sheets was measured. Furthermore, the amount of wear was evaluated from the difference in film thickness at the initial stage and after printing 100,000 sheets.

評価例5(耐久寿命B)
得られた電子写真感光体1〜61及び比較用電子写真感光体1〜3を、リコー製imagio Color 5100改造機(トナーを製造例1で作成したものに変更し画像露光光源を655nmの半導体レーザーに交換、更に潤滑剤塗布手段を除去したもの)に搭載し、連続してトータル10万枚の印刷を行い、その際初期画像及び10万枚印刷後の画像について評価を行った。また、初期及び10万枚印刷後の明部電位を測定した。さらに、初期及び10万枚印刷後での膜厚差より摩耗量の評価を行った。
Evaluation example 5 (endurance life B)
The obtained electrophotographic photoconductors 1 to 61 and comparative electrophotographic photoconductors 1 to 3 were modified from Ricoh's imgio Color 5100 machine (the toner was changed to that prepared in Production Example 1 and the image exposure light source was a 655 nm semiconductor laser. In this case, a total of 100,000 sheets were printed continuously, and the initial image and the image after 100,000 sheets were evaluated. Further, the light portion potential at the initial stage and after printing 100,000 sheets was measured. Furthermore, the amount of wear was evaluated from the difference in film thickness at the initial stage and after printing 100,000 sheets.

評価例6(耐久寿命C)
得られた電子写真感光体1〜61及び比較用電子写真感光体1〜3を、リコー製imagio Color 8100改造機(トナーを製造例1で作成したものに変更)に搭載し、連続してトータル5万枚の印刷を行い、その際初期画像及び5万枚印刷後の画像について評価を行った。また、初期及び5万枚印刷後の明部電位を測定した。さらに、初期及び5万枚印刷後での膜厚差より摩耗量の評価を行った。
結果を表に示す。
Evaluation example 6 (endurance life C)
The obtained electrophotographic photoreceptors 1 to 61 and comparative electrophotographic photoreceptors 1 to 3 are mounted on a Ricoh imagio Color 8100 remodeling machine (the toner is changed to that prepared in Production Example 1), and totals continuously. 50,000 sheets were printed, and the initial image and the image after 50,000 sheets were evaluated at that time. Further, the light portion potential at the initial stage and after printing 50,000 sheets was measured. Furthermore, the amount of wear was evaluated from the difference in film thickness at the initial stage and after printing 50,000 sheets.
The results are shown in the table.

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

表の評価結果より、感光体の最表面層に体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させ、かつ特定のアミン化合物を含有させることにより、高安定な低表面摩擦係数の持続性を維持することが可能となった。また、それと同時に摩耗量についても抑制されており、耐摩耗性が大幅に向上していることが確認された。さらに、10万枚印刷後においても明部電位上昇は少なく、特定のアミン化合物を添加した感光体では残像の発生もみられず高画質画像が安定に得られることが確認された。一方、体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させていない感光体や特定のアミン化合物を含有させていない感光体は、クリーニング不良や残像の発生を引き起こしていた。   From the evaluation results in the table, the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor contains fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% or more and 60% or less, and contains a specific amine compound, thereby providing a highly stable low surface friction coefficient. It became possible to maintain sustainability. At the same time, the amount of wear was suppressed and it was confirmed that the wear resistance was greatly improved. Further, it was confirmed that even after printing 100,000 sheets, the bright portion potential increase was small, and the photoconductor added with a specific amine compound did not cause afterimages and could stably obtain a high-quality image. On the other hand, a photoreceptor not containing fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% or more and 60% or less, or a photoreceptor not containing a specific amine compound has caused cleaning failure and occurrence of an afterimage.

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

表の評価結果より、球形トナーを用いた場合においても、感光体の最表面層に体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させ、かつ特定のアミン化合物を含有させることにより、高安定な低表面摩擦係数の持続性を維持することが可能となった。また、それと同時に摩耗量についても抑制されており、耐摩耗性が大幅に向上していることが確認された。さらに、10万枚印刷後においても明部電位上昇は少なく、特定のアミン化合物を添加した感光体では残像の発生もみられず高画質画像が安定に得られることが確認された。一方、体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させていない感光体や特定のアミン化合物を含有させていない感光体は、クリーニング不良や残像の発生を引き起こしていた。   From the evaluation results in the table, even when spherical toner is used, the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor contains fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% to 60% and a specific amine compound. It has become possible to maintain a highly stable and low surface friction coefficient. At the same time, the amount of wear was suppressed and it was confirmed that the wear resistance was greatly improved. Further, it was confirmed that even after printing 100,000 sheets, the bright portion potential increase was small, and the photoconductor added with a specific amine compound did not cause afterimages and could stably obtain a high-quality image. On the other hand, a photoreceptor not containing fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% or more and 60% or less, or a photoreceptor not containing a specific amine compound has caused cleaning failure and occurrence of an afterimage.

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

Figure 0004187637
Figure 0004187637

表の評価結果より、球形トナーを用いた場合においても、感光体の最表面層に体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させ、かつ特定のアミン化合物を含有させることにより、高安定な低表面摩擦係数の持続性を維持することが可能となった。、また、それと同時に摩耗量についても抑制されており、耐摩耗性が大幅に向上していることが確認された。さらに、5万枚印刷後においても明部電位上昇は少なく、特定のアミン化合物を添加した感光体では残像の発生もみられず高画質画像が安定に得られることが確認された。一方、体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有させていない感光体や特定のアミン化合物を含有させていない感光体は、クリーニング不良や残像の発生を引き起こしていた。   From the evaluation results in the table, even when spherical toner is used, the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor contains fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% to 60% and a specific amine compound. It has become possible to maintain a highly stable and low surface friction coefficient. At the same time, the amount of wear was suppressed, and it was confirmed that the wear resistance was greatly improved. Further, it was confirmed that the bright portion potential did not increase even after printing 50,000 sheets, and that a photoconductor added with a specific amine compound did not cause an afterimage and could stably obtain a high-quality image. On the other hand, a photoreceptor not containing fluororesin fine particles having a volume fraction of 20% or more and 60% or less, or a photoreceptor not containing a specific amine compound has caused cleaning failure and occurrence of an afterimage.

本発明の感光体の層構成の概略説明図。FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a layer configuration of the photoreceptor of the present invention. 同上別の概略説明図。Another schematic explanatory drawing same as the above. 同上更に別の概略説明図。FIG. 3 is still another schematic explanatory diagram. 本発明の電子写真方法及び電子写真装置の概略説明図。1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an electrophotographic method and an electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention. 同上別の概略説明図。Another schematic explanatory drawing same as the above. 本発明のプロセスカートリッジの概略説明図。FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a process cartridge according to the present invention. 本発明の感光体の評価に使用した表面摩擦係数測定装置の説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a surface friction coefficient measuring apparatus used for evaluation of the photoreceptor of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

31 導電性支持体
33 感光層
35 電荷発生層
37 電荷輸送層
39 保護層
31 Conductive Support 33 Photosensitive Layer 35 Charge Generation Layer 37 Charge Transport Layer 39 Protective Layer

Claims (10)

導電性支持体上に形成された感光層の最表面層として、固体潤滑剤としてフッ素樹脂微粒子を含有する保護層を形成した電子写真感光体において、該電子写真感光体の保護層に少なくとも体積分率で20%以上60%以下のフッ素樹脂微粒子、及び下記一般式(1)〜(22)で表されるアミン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。nは1〜4の整数を表わす。Arは置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしl、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar2とAr3、もしくはAr3とAr1はそれぞれ共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr4、もしくはAr3とAr4はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr3、もしくはAr3とAr4はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、m、nが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr3、もしくはAr1とAr4はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。Xはメチレン基、シクロヘキシリデン基、酸素原子、硫黄原子の2価の基又は原子を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしl、mが同時に0となることはない。Ar1、Ar2及びAr3は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、Ar1とAr3はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい。nは1〜4の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしmとnが同時に0となることはない。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜11のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基又は複素環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1、Ar2は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。ただし、Ar1、Ar2、R3もしくはR4のいずれか1つは芳香環基又は複素環基である。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしmとnが同時に0となることはない。R3は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜11のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。また、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4およびAr5は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、Ar1とAr2、もしくはAr1とAr3は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしmとnが同時に0となることはない。また、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4およびAr5は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ar1とAr2、もしくはAr1とAr3は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環を形成してもよい。nは1〜3の整数を表わす。また、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、およびAr4は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Ar1とAr2、もしくはAr1とAr3は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
〔式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。lは1〜3の整数を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基、あるいは次の一般式(23)




Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。R5、R6は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基またはアルキレン基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。)を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R3とR4、R5とR6、もしくはAr1とAr2は共同で環を形成してもよい。〕
Figure 0004187637
〔式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。nは1〜3の整数を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基、あるいは次の一般式(24)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。m、nは0〜3の整数を表わす。R5、R6は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基またはアルキレン基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。)を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。ただし、R3、R4は同時に水素原子となることはない。R3とR4、R5とR6、もしくはAr1とAr2は共同で環を形成してもよい。〕
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5、R6、及びR7は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3とR4、もしくはAr2とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。またAr1とR5は共同で環を形成してもよい。lは1〜3の、mは0〜3の、nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5、R6、及びR7は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。R3とR4、もしくはAr2とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。またAr1とR5は共同で環を形成してもよい。lは1〜3の、mは0〜3の、nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしlとmが同時に0となることはない。R3は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、Ar2とR3、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしlとmが同時に0となることはない。R3は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、Ar2とR3、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、mが同時に0となることはない。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。ただしk、l、mが同時に0となることはない。R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1とR4、もしくはAr2同士は、共同で環を形成してもよい。nは0または1の整数を表わす。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3とR4、もしくはAr1とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜3の整数を表わす。nは1または2の整数を表わす。ただし、k、l、mが同時に0の場
合は、R3、R4は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、R3、R4は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。R3、R4は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わし、同一でも異なっていても良い。R5は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。Ar1、Ar2は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3とR4、もしくはAr1とR4は共同で窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。k、l、mは0〜4の、nは1または2の整数を表わす。ただし、k、l、mが0の場合は、R3、R4は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、R3、R4は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。Arは置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3、R4は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基またはアルキレン基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。l、m、nは0〜3の整数を表わし、同時に0となることはない。)
Figure 0004187637
(式中、R1、R2は芳香族炭化水素置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を表わし、同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、R1、R2は互いに結合し窒素原子を含む複素環基を形成してもよい。Ar1は置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基又は複素環基、Ar2、Ar3は置換若しくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。R3は水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換の芳香環基を表わす。l、mは0〜3の整数を表わし、同時に0となることはない。nは1〜3の整数を表わす。)
In an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a protective layer containing fluororesin fine particles as a solid lubricant is formed as the outermost surface layer of the photosensitive layer formed on the conductive support, at least the volume fraction of the protective layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: fluororesin fine particles having a ratio of 20% to 60% and at least one selected from amine compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (22).
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, n represents an integer of 1 to 4. Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group.
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l, m, and n each represent an integer of 0 to 3, provided that l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 , or Ar 3 and Ar 1 each independently a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom. Group may be formed.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 4 , or Ar 3 and Ar 4 , respectively; You may form a ring together.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. It may also form a heterocyclic group containing an atom .k, l, m, n represents an integer of 0 to 3. However k, l, m, .Ar 1 n are not 0 at the same time, Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 3 , or Ar 3 and Ar 4 You may form a ring together.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l, m, and n are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 3 , or Ar 1 and Ar 4 , respectively; (X may represent a divalent group or atom of a methylene group, a cyclohexylidene group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, l and m are not simultaneously 0. Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 may be substituted or unsubstituted. Represents a substituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 3 may each form a ring, and n is an integer of 1 to 4; Represents.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocycle containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. However, m and n are not simultaneously 0. R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted. alkyl group of 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, may each be the same or different. Furthermore, Ar 1, Ar 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group And each may be the same or different, provided that any one of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 3 or R 4 is an aromatic ring group or a heterocyclic group.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocycle containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. However, m and n are not simultaneously 0. R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number. Represents an alkyl group of 1 to 11 or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group which may be the same or different. Ar 1 and Ar 2 , or Ar 1 and Ar 3 may jointly form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. You may form the heterocyclic ring containing an atom, m and n represent the integer of 0-3, However, m and n do not become 0 simultaneously, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 And Ar 5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group which may be the same or different, Ar 1 and Ar 2 , or Ar 1 and Ar 3 may form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom together. Good.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. may form a heterocyclic ring containing atoms .n represents an integer of 1-3. Furthermore, Ar 1, Ar 2, Ar 3, and Ar 4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, in the same Ar 1 and Ar 2 , or Ar 1 and Ar 3 may together form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.
Figure 0004187637
[Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom. l represents an integer of 1 to 3. Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and may be the same or different. R 3 and R 4 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, or the following general formula (23)




Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. R 5 and R 6 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkylene group. Or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different.), Which may be the same or different. R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or Ar 1 and Ar 2 may form a ring together. ]
Figure 0004187637
[Wherein R 1 and R 2 represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom. n represents an integer of 1 to 3. Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and may be the same or different. R 3 and R 4 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, or the following general formula (24)
Figure 0004187637
(Wherein, R 1, R 2 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and may be the same or different. Also, R 1, R 2 binds one another nitrogen A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and m and n each represents an integer of 0 to 3. R 5 and R 6 are a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkylene group. Or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different.), Which may be the same or different. However, R 3 and R 4 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms. R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or Ar 1 and Ar 2 may form a ring together. ]
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are substituted or unsubstituted, Represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 2 and R 4 may together form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, and Ar 1 and R 5 is optionally form a ring together .l's 1 to 3, m is 0-3, Represents an integer of 0 or 1.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. also a good .R 5, R 6, and R 7 is a hydrogen atom, .Ar 1, Ar 2 representing a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, a substituted or Represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring group, which may be the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 2 and R 4 may together form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, and Ar 1 and R 5 is optionally form a ring together .l's 1 to 3, m is 0-3, Represents an integer of 0 or 1.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 4 represents an alkyl group of 4 or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , Ar 2 and R 3 , or Ar 2 may form a ring together, n is 0 or 1 Represents an integer.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 4 represents an alkyl group of 4 or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. 1, Ar 2 is .Ar 1 and R 4, Ar 2 and R 3 representing a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, or Ar 2 each other, may form a ring together .n the 0 or 1 Represents an integer.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or An unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , or Ar 2 And each other may form a ring together, and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and k, l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3. However, k, l and m are not simultaneously 0. R 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or An unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 1 and R 4 , or Ar 2 And each other may form a ring together, and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. also a good .R 5 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or .Ar 1 representing a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, Ar 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 1 and R 4 may jointly form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, k, l and m are each an integer of 0 to 3. n is 1 or 2 represents an integer. However, k, l, where m is simultaneously 0, R 3, R 4 charcoal Represents a C1-4 alkyl group, it may be the same or different, and, R 3, R 4 may form a heterocyclic group containing bound nitrogen atoms with each other.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, and R 3 and R 4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may be the same or different. R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group. R 3 and R 4 , or Ar 1 and R 4 may form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, k, l, m is 0 to 4, and n is an integer of 1 or 2. represents. However, in the case of k, l, m is 0, R 3, R 4 is from 1 to 4 carbon atoms Al Represents a kill group, and may be the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 may be bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, R 3 and R 4 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkylene Represents a group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, and l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3 and are not 0 at the same time.)
Figure 0004187637
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form nitrogen. A heterocyclic group containing an atom may be formed, Ar 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or heterocyclic group, Ar 2 and Ar 3 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, and R 3 represents hydrogen. An atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, l and m each represent an integer of 0 to 3, and are not 0 at the same time, n is Represents an integer of 1 to 3)
電子写真感光体に、少なくとも帯電、画像露光、現像、転写が繰り返し行われる電子写真方法において、該電子写真感光体が請求項1記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真方法。   2. An electrophotographic method according to claim 1, wherein at least charging, image exposure, development and transfer are repeatedly performed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1. 電子写真感光体に、少なくとも帯電、画像露光、現像、転写を繰り返し行い、感光体上に静電潜像の書き込みが行われる、所謂デジタル方式の電子写真方法において、該電子写真感光体が請求項1記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真方法。   In a so-called digital electrophotographic method in which at least charging, image exposure, development, and transfer are repeatedly performed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and an electrostatic latent image is written on the photoreceptor, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is claimed. 2. An electrophotographic method, which is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to 1. 電子写真感光体上に現像されたトナー画像を中間転写体上に一次転写したのち、該中間転写体上のトナー画像を記録材上に二次転写する電子写真方法であって、複数色のトナー画像を中間転写体上に順次重ね合わせてカラー画像を形成し、該カラー画像を記録材上に一括で二次転写する電子写真方法において、該電子写真感光体が請求項1記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真方法。   An electrophotographic method in which a toner image developed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member is primarily transferred onto an intermediate transfer member, and then the toner image on the intermediate transfer member is secondarily transferred onto a recording material. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic method in which images are sequentially superimposed on an intermediate transfer member to form a color image and the color image is secondarily transferred collectively onto a recording material. An electrophotographic method characterized by being a body. 少なくとも帯電手段、画像露光手段、現像手段、転写手段および電子写真感光体を具備してなる電子写真装置であって、該電子写真感光体が請求項1記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真装置。   An electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1. An electrophotographic apparatus. 電子写真感光体表面に接触する当接部材を有する請求項5記載の電子写真装置。   The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a contact member that contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 当接部材が、帯電ローラー、クリーニングブレード、クリーニングブラシ、中間転写ベルト及び感光体表面のフッ素樹脂微粒子を変形及び伸張することのみを目的とする当接部材から少なくとも1つ以上選ばれたものであることを特徴とする請求項6記載の電子写真装置。   The abutting member is selected from at least one of a charging member, a cleaning blade, a cleaning brush, an intermediate transfer belt, and an abutting member intended only to deform and extend the fluororesin fine particles on the surface of the photoreceptor. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 6. 少なくとも帯電手段、画像露光手段、現像手段、転写手段および電子写真感光体を具備してなる電子写真装置において、感光体上に静電潜像の書き込みが行われる、所謂デジタル方式の電子写真装置であって、該電子写真感光体が請求項1記載の電子写真感光体であることを特徴とする電子写真装置。   In an electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least a charging means, an image exposing means, a developing means, a transferring means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a so-called digital electrophotographic apparatus in which an electrostatic latent image is written on the photosensitive member. An electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1. 電子写真装置が複数の電子写真感光体、帯電手段、現像手段、転写手段を有するタンデム型であることを特徴とする請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の電子写真装置。   9. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the electrophotographic apparatus is a tandem type having a plurality of electrophotographic photosensitive members, a charging unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit. 帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、クリーニング手段、転写手段の少なくとも一つと請求項1記載の電子写真感光体とを具備してなる画像形成装置用プロセスカートリッジ。
A process cartridge for an image forming apparatus comprising at least one of a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a cleaning unit, and a transfer unit and the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1.
JP2003421103A 2003-09-11 2003-12-18 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge Expired - Fee Related JP4187637B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003421103A JP4187637B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2003-12-18 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge
EP04021562.6A EP1515192B1 (en) 2003-09-11 2004-09-10 Electrophotographic photoconductor, electrophotographic process, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge
US10/938,585 US7314693B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2004-09-13 Electrophotographic photoconductor, electrophotographic process, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge
CNB2004101038873A CN100440044C (en) 2003-09-11 2004-09-13 Electrophotographic photoconductor, electrophotographic process, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003321814 2003-09-12
JP2003421103A JP4187637B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2003-12-18 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2005107471A JP2005107471A (en) 2005-04-21
JP4187637B2 true JP4187637B2 (en) 2008-11-26

Family

ID=34554401

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003421103A Expired - Fee Related JP4187637B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2003-12-18 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4187637B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4542961B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2010-09-15 株式会社リコー Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic forming method, electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge
JP4871547B2 (en) * 2005-08-26 2012-02-08 キヤノン株式会社 Amine compound, electrophotographic photoreceptor having amine compound, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP2007219387A (en) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-30 Ricoh Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic method using it, electrostatographic device, process cartridge for electrophotographic device, and method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP5262014B2 (en) * 2006-08-07 2013-08-14 三菱化学株式会社 Organic compound having a crosslinking group, composition for organic electroluminescence device, and organic electroluminescence device
JP5521525B2 (en) * 2009-12-11 2014-06-18 株式会社リコー Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2005107471A (en) 2005-04-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2002328483A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic method, electrophotographic device and process cartridge for electrophotographic device
JP2013257416A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming apparatus and process cartridge comprising the same
JP4069781B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
JP4990679B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus
JP4339197B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge
JP4187637B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and electrophotographic process cartridge
JP4223671B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge for electrophotographic apparatus
JP4141341B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus
JP3986019B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus using the same, image forming method, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus
JP4079858B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4542961B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic forming method, electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge
JP4086299B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus
JP2007219387A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic method using it, electrostatographic device, process cartridge for electrophotographic device, and method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP4729092B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge
JP4732879B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic forming method using electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge for electrophotographic apparatus
JP4175634B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic method, electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge for electrophotographic apparatus using the same
JP4425487B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member and method for producing the same, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge for electrophotographic apparatus
JP4459093B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge
JP2006184527A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
JP4307197B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
JP4719078B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic method using the same, electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge for electrophotographic apparatus, and method for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP5049062B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic method, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge
JP4018529B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP4139282B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus
JP3975835B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20060824

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20080522

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080527

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20080714

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20080908

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20080909

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 4187637

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110919

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110919

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120919

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130919

Year of fee payment: 5

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees