JP4180623B2 - Operation method of dry exhaust gas treatment equipment - Google Patents
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- JP4180623B2 JP4180623B2 JP2006197378A JP2006197378A JP4180623B2 JP 4180623 B2 JP4180623 B2 JP 4180623B2 JP 2006197378 A JP2006197378 A JP 2006197378A JP 2006197378 A JP2006197378 A JP 2006197378A JP 4180623 B2 JP4180623 B2 JP 4180623B2
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この発明は、乾式排ガス処理装置の運転方法に関し、特に、炭素質吸着材を充填した反応塔を用いて有害物質を含む各種排ガスを処理する乾式排ガス処理装置の運転方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for operating a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a method for operating a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus that treats various exhaust gases containing harmful substances using a reaction tower filled with a carbonaceous adsorbent.
ボイラー排ガス、石油精製排ガス、焼結機排ガス、都市ゴミ焼却排ガス、ディーゼルエンジン排ガス等の排ガス中には、硫黄酸化物、窒素酸化物、ダスト、重金属、ダイオキシン等の有害物質が含まれるが、これらの有害物質を除去する方法として、粒状の炭素質吸着材を充填した移動層式又は固定層式の反応塔に排ガスを導入して、排ガスを吸着材と接触させ、有害物質を除去する方法が行われている。 Exhaust gases such as boiler exhaust gas, petroleum refining exhaust gas, sintering machine exhaust gas, municipal waste incineration exhaust gas, and diesel engine exhaust gas contain harmful substances such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, dust, heavy metals, and dioxins. As a method of removing harmful substances, there is a method of removing harmful substances by introducing exhaust gas into a moving bed type or fixed bed type reaction tower packed with a granular carbonaceous adsorbent and bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the adsorbent. Has been done.
そして、乾式の排ガス処理方法としては、炭素質吸着材を使用する方法は、金属触媒等を使用する方法等の他の方法と比較して処理温度が低く、前記各種の有害物質を同時に除去できるので優れた処理方法である。
処理すべき排ガスの性状は、発生源の種類によって当然異なるが、最近では発生源が多様化しているために、排ガスの性状も様々であり、処理装置においても新たな対応が要求されるようになった。そして、特に、装置の運転開始時点においては問題がある。
As a dry exhaust gas treatment method, the method using a carbonaceous adsorbent has a lower treatment temperature than other methods such as a method using a metal catalyst, and can simultaneously remove the various harmful substances. So it is an excellent treatment method.
Naturally, the nature of the exhaust gas to be treated differs depending on the type of the source, but since the source has diversified recently, the nature of the exhaust gas also varies, and new treatment is required in the treatment equipment. became. In particular, there is a problem at the start of operation of the apparatus.
運転開始時点における問題点としては以下のようである。
排ガスを乾式処理する前に、その前段で湿式処理をする場合があるが、この湿式処理は排ガス中の塩素ガス等を予め除去するためのものである。
発生源から排出される排ガスは、温度が１００℃以上であることが多いが、湿式処理されると８０℃以下に低下するので、これを乾式処理するためには１００〜２００℃の温度に再加熱する必要がある。
Problems at the start of operation are as follows.
Before the exhaust gas is dry-treated, there is a case where a wet treatment is performed in the preceding stage. This wet treatment is for removing chlorine gas or the like in the exhaust gas in advance.
The exhaust gas discharged from the generation source often has a temperature of 100 ° C. or more, but when it is wet-treated, it falls to 80 ° C. or less. It needs to be heated.
したがって、排ガスを湿式処理した後に、ガス加熱器を用いて温度調整を行い、この後乾式処理を行うことになる。
このように温度調整を行った後に乾式処理の反応塔に導入すると、排ガスは調節された温度を反応塔においても維持するので、通常の定常運転においては何ら問題なく運転をすることができる。
Therefore, after the exhaust gas is wet-treated, the temperature is adjusted using a gas heater, and then dry treatment is performed.
When the temperature is adjusted as described above and then introduced into the dry-process reaction tower, the exhaust gas maintains the adjusted temperature in the reaction tower, so that it can be operated without any problem in normal steady operation.
しかしながら、乾式処理装置の運転開始時点においては、反応塔は常温であり、また、内部に充填されている炭素質吸着材も常温であり、一方、反応塔は非常に大きな装置であるので、非常に熱容量が大きい。 However, at the start of operation of the dry processing apparatus, the reaction tower is at room temperature, and the carbonaceous adsorbent filled therein is also at room temperature, while the reaction tower is a very large apparatus, so Has a large heat capacity.
したがって、乾式処理装置の運転開始時においては、温度調整された排ガスを反応塔に導入しても、反応塔の温度は急には上昇せず、導入された排ガスは直ちに常温近くまで冷却されることになる。 Therefore, at the start of operation of the dry processing apparatus, even if the temperature-adjusted exhaust gas is introduced into the reaction tower, the temperature of the reaction tower does not rise suddenly, and the introduced exhaust gas is immediately cooled to near normal temperature. It will be.
一方、排ガスは湿式処理されると、温度が低下すると同時に水分が多くなり、そして、排ガス中の水分は、その温度における飽和湿度となっている。勿論、温度調節された後もこの湿度（絶対湿度）を保っている。なお、絶対湿度は単位質量のガスに含まれる水分の質量である。 On the other hand, when the exhaust gas is wet-treated, the temperature decreases and moisture increases at the same time, and the moisture in the exhaust gas becomes saturated humidity at that temperature. Of course, this humidity (absolute humidity) is maintained even after the temperature is adjusted. Absolute humidity is the mass of moisture contained in a unit mass of gas.
したがって、前記のように反応塔内で排ガスが冷却されると、排ガス中の水分が凝縮することになる。装置内で水分が凝縮すると、凝縮水は直ちに酸性となり、装置の腐食の原因となる。 Therefore, when the exhaust gas is cooled in the reaction tower as described above, moisture in the exhaust gas is condensed. When moisture condenses in the device, the condensed water immediately becomes acidic and causes corrosion of the device.
さらに、炭素質吸着材の細かい粒子やダストは水分が混入すると結合し、これが水分の蒸発とともに塊状化する性質があるので、これによって吸着性能が低下したり、装置内部での固着や詰まりの原因となる。
この発明の目的は、運転の開始時において、湿式処理を施した排ガスを導入しても、反応塔の内部の温度低下を防止することで、装置の腐食や、装置内で触媒が固着や詰まりが発生するのを防止することができる乾式排ガス処理装置の運転方法を得ることにある。 The object of the present invention is to prevent the temperature inside the reaction tower from lowering even if the wet-treated exhaust gas is introduced at the start of operation, thereby causing corrosion of the apparatus and catalyst sticking or clogging in the apparatus. The object is to obtain a method of operating a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus that can prevent the occurrence of the above.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は、炭素質吸着材を充填した反応塔と、この反応塔の上流側の排ガス流通路に設けられた開閉可能な空気供給口と、この空気供給口と反応塔との間に設けられた温度調整機能を有するガス加熱器を備えた乾式排ガス処理装置を用い、
この乾式排ガス処理装置の運転開始に際し、予め上記空気供給口から空気を上記ガス加熱器に送りこの空気を加熱した後、この加熱空気を反応塔内に導入し反応塔内に充填されている炭素質吸着材を加熱し、ついで排ガスをこの反応塔に導入すること特徴とする乾式排ガス処理装置の運転方法である。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a reaction tower filled with a carbonaceous adsorbent, an openable and closable air supply port provided in an exhaust gas flow path upstream of the reaction tower, and the air supply port. And using a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus equipped with a gas heater having a temperature adjustment function provided between the reactor and the reaction tower,
At the start of operation of this dry exhaust gas treatment device, air is supplied from the air supply port to the gas heater in advance to heat the air, and then the heated air is introduced into the reaction tower and the carbon filled in the reaction tower is filled. This is a method for operating a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus, characterized in that the adsorbent is heated and then exhaust gas is introduced into the reaction tower.
本発明にあっては、運転開始時には、湿式処理を施して温度が低下した排ガスを導入しても、反応塔の内部の炭素質吸着材の温度低下を防止することで、装置の腐食や、装置内で触媒が固着や詰まりが発生するのを防止することができる。 In the present invention, at the start of operation, even if an exhaust gas having been subjected to a wet treatment and having a temperature lowered is introduced, the temperature of the carbonaceous adsorbent inside the reaction tower is prevented from decreasing, thereby corroding the apparatus, It is possible to prevent the catalyst from sticking or clogging in the apparatus.
本発明の発明者等は、運転開始時点について検討した。
運転開始時点において反応塔内における水分の凝縮を防止するためには、加熱した空気を反応塔に導入して、予め反応塔及び充填されている吸着材を加熱しておき、この後、温度調節した排ガスを導入すれば良い。
しかしながら、この場合は、炭素質吸着材を１００〜２００℃という高温の状態にした上に高温の排ガスと接触させることになるので、ホットスポットを発生させる危険性が極めて高いと考えられる。
The inventors of the present invention examined the operation start time.
In order to prevent moisture condensation in the reaction tower at the start of operation, heated air is introduced into the reaction tower, the reaction tower and the adsorbent packed in advance are heated, and then the temperature is adjusted. What is necessary is just to introduce the exhaust gas.
However, in this case, since the carbonaceous adsorbent is brought into a high temperature state of 100 to 200 ° C. and then brought into contact with the high temperature exhaust gas, it is considered that the risk of generating a hot spot is extremely high.
そして、本発明者等は吸着材の酸化反応およびホットスポットの発生について研究を重ねた結果、新たな事実を見つけて、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of researches on the oxidation reaction of the adsorbent and the generation of hot spots, the present inventors have found a new fact and completed the present invention.
この新たな事実とは、吸着材の酸化反応はガス中の酸素濃度が高いほど、又温度が高いほど促進されるということであり、このことは吸着材をガスと接触させた後、ガス中の炭酸ガス及び一酸化炭素の濃度を測定することにより確認された。 This new fact is that the oxidation reaction of the adsorbent is promoted as the oxygen concentration in the gas increases and the temperature increases, which means that after the adsorbent is brought into contact with the gas, This was confirmed by measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
ところが同時に、通常のガス量で連続的に吸着材とガスとの接触を続けている限りは、発生した熱量は流れているガスによって持ち去られるので、吸着材又はガスの温度はほとんど上昇しないことが確認された。
ここで通常のガス量とは、一定質量の吸着材に接触させる単位当たりのガス量（質量又はモル数）が、実装置での値に近いことを意味する。
At the same time, however, the temperature of the adsorbent or gas may hardly increase because the generated heat is carried away by the flowing gas so long as the adsorbent and gas are continuously in contact with each other with a normal amount of gas. confirmed.
Here, the normal gas amount means that the gas amount (mass or number of moles) per unit brought into contact with the adsorbent having a constant mass is close to the value in an actual apparatus.
更に、研究の結果、少なくとも通常のガス量の１／５以上であれば充分であることが確認できた。逆に、１００℃以上に保持された吸着材に微量な空気を流通させると吸着材の温度が次第に上昇することが確認できた。 Furthermore, as a result of research, it was confirmed that at least 1/5 of the normal gas amount was sufficient. Conversely, it was confirmed that the temperature of the adsorbent gradually increased when a small amount of air was passed through the adsorbent held at 100 ° C. or higher.
また、ホットスポットは、乾式排ガス処理装置のパイロットプラント及び実装置において現実に発生するので、上記の研究の結果を踏まえて発生状況を整理すると、以下の場合に限られることが判った。
１）反応塔の内部構造に欠陥があって吸着材の一部に排ガスと接触しない部分が生じた場合、その部分で発生する。
即ち、吸着材とガスとの接触が異常に悪い部分でホットスポットが発生するということである。
Moreover, since hot spots actually occur in the pilot plant and the actual apparatus of the dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus, it has been found that the occurrence situation is limited to the following cases based on the results of the above research.
1) If there is a defect in the internal structure of the reaction tower and a part of the adsorbent that does not come into contact with the exhaust gas is generated, it will be generated in that part.
That is, a hot spot is generated at a portion where the contact between the adsorbent and the gas is abnormally bad.
以上の結果、炭素質吸着材を使用した乾式排ガス処理装置において、高温の吸着材に空気を接触させることは、空気の流量さえ十分であれば問題なく運転の開始時に空気を導入することが可能であることが確認できた。 As a result, in dry exhaust gas treatment equipment using carbonaceous adsorbent, it is possible to introduce air at the start of operation without problems as long as the air flow rate is sufficient to bring air into contact with the high-temperature adsorbent It was confirmed that.
運転の開始時における実施例について説明する。
〈実施例１〉
運転開始時の問題は、反応塔の上流側に温度調節機能を有するガス加熱器と弁を有する空気供給口とを設けることにより解決できる。
図１は、反応塔３の排ガス流入路に、送風機１２、ガス加熱器１５及び空気供給口１３を上流側に向かって順に設けている。反応塔３内には炭素質吸着材４が充填され、この炭素質吸着材４の上流側にはルーバー７が、下流側には多孔板またはルーバー８が設けられている。
An embodiment at the start of operation will be described.
<Example 1>
The problem at the start of operation can be solved by providing a gas heater having a temperature adjusting function and an air supply port having a valve upstream of the reaction tower.
In FIG. 1, a
なお、符号１、９は煙道、５は反応塔３への吸着材４の供給管、６は反応塔３からの吸着材４の排出管、１０は煙突である。
前記ガス加熱器１５はどのような型式のものでも良く、例えば、フィンチューブを用いた熱交換器が使用できる。加熱媒体は、例えばスチームを使用する。
Reference numerals 1 and 9 are flues, 5 is a supply pipe for the adsorbent 4 to the reaction tower 3, 6 is a discharge pipe for the adsorbent 4 from the
The
運転を開始する場合には、先ず空気供給口１３の弁１１を開いてから送風機１２を運転し、ガス加熱器１５に熱媒体を流して空気１４を加熱して反応塔３に供給する。
空気１４の流量は必ずしも排ガス流量に等しくする必要はなく、それより少ない流量（例えば１／４）としても良い。
排ガス２の露点は通常８０℃以下であるから、反応塔３の出口温度が１００℃以上になれば、排ガスの導入が可能な状態になる。
When starting the operation, first, the
The flow rate of the
Since the dew point of the
排ガス２の導入が可能な状態に達したら、排ガス発生源の設備をスタートして、排ガスの発生と同時に空気供給口１３の弁１１を閉じる。
これによって反応塔３を通過するガスが空気（外気）１４から排ガス２に切り替わり、反応塔３の内部の温度は低下することなく１００℃以上を保持した状態で通常運転に移行することができる。
When the
As a result, the gas passing through the reaction tower 3 is switched from the air (outside air) 14 to the
次に上記の実施例を用いた実験例について説明する。
〈実施例１の実験例〉
都市ゴミ焼却炉の排ガスを前段で湿式処理をした後、図１に示すフローで乾式処理を行うと共に、運転開始時点での空気による予熱と、運転停止時での空気による反応塔の冷却とを行った。
Next, experimental examples using the above embodiment will be described.
<Experimental Example of Example 1>
After the waste gas from the municipal waste incinerator is wet-treated in the first stage, it is dry-treated with the flow shown in FIG. 1, and preheating with air at the start of operation and cooling of the reaction tower with air when the operation is stopped. went.
排ガス量 ：３２，０００Ｎｍ３／ｈ
排ガス温度：７０℃
関係湿度 ：１００％
運転温度 ：１８０℃
空気流量 ：８，０００Ｎｍ３／ｈ
空気温度 ：１５０℃（予熱時）
Exhaust gas amount: 32,000 Nm 3 / h
Exhaust gas temperature: 70 ° C
Related humidity: 100%
Operating temperature: 180 ° C
Air flow rate: 8,000 Nm 3 / h
Air temperature: 150 ° C (during preheating)
運転の開始は、空気による加熱開始から６時間後に、反応塔の出口温度が１５０℃に達したので、排ガスに切替え定常運転に移行した。
反応塔の停止は、常温空気による反応塔の冷却を開始してから６時間後に反応塔の出口温度が６０℃まで低下したことを確認して冷却を停止した。運転停止後、反応塔の内部を点検したが装置の腐食や吸着材の固着などは見られなかった。
At the start of operation, 6 hours after the start of heating with air, the outlet temperature of the reaction tower reached 150 ° C., so the operation was switched to exhaust gas and the operation was shifted to steady operation.
The reaction tower was stopped after confirming that the outlet temperature of the reaction tower had dropped to 60 ° C. 6 hours after starting the cooling of the reaction tower with room temperature air. After the operation was stopped, the inside of the reaction tower was inspected, but there was no corrosion of the equipment or adsorbent sticking.
１、９……煙道 ２……排ガス ３……反応塔 ４……吸着材 ５……吸着材の供給管 ６……吸着材の排出管 ７……ルーバー ８……多孔板又はルーバー １０……煙突 １１……弁 １２……送風機 １３……空気供給口 １４……空気（外気） １５……加熱器
1. 9 ...
Claims (1)
この乾式排ガス処理装置の運転開始に際し、予め上記空気供給口から空気を上記ガス加熱器に送りこの空気を加熱した後、この加熱空気を反応塔内に導入し反応塔内に充填されている炭素質吸着材を加熱し、ついで排ガスをこの反応塔に導入することを特徴とする乾式排ガス処理装置の運転方法。
A reaction tower filled with a carbonaceous adsorbent, an openable and closable air supply port provided in an exhaust gas flow path upstream of the reaction tower, and a temperature adjustment function provided between the air supply port and the reaction tower Using a dry exhaust gas treatment device equipped with a gas heater having
At the start of operation of this dry exhaust gas treatment device, air is supplied from the air supply port to the gas heater in advance to heat the air, and then the heated air is introduced into the reaction tower and the carbon filled in the reaction tower is filled. A method for operating a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus, wherein the adsorbent is heated and then the exhaust gas is introduced into the reaction tower.
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