JP4177596B2 - Grease composition - Google Patents

Grease composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4177596B2
JP4177596B2 JP2002128643A JP2002128643A JP4177596B2 JP 4177596 B2 JP4177596 B2 JP 4177596B2 JP 2002128643 A JP2002128643 A JP 2002128643A JP 2002128643 A JP2002128643 A JP 2002128643A JP 4177596 B2 JP4177596 B2 JP 4177596B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
grease composition
organic sulfonate
peeling
thickener
grease
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JP2002128643A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003321694A (en
Inventor
敏明 遠藤
大明 董
信也 近藤
淳一 今井
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、転がり運動を行う鋼製の被潤滑部を有する機械部品の潤滑に使用するグリース組成物に関し、特に被潤滑部の剥離寿命を長くすることができるグリース組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
転がり運動を行う鋼製の被潤滑部を有する機械部品の代表的なものとしては、転がり軸受、ボールねじ、直動案内軸受などが挙げられる。一方、転がり運動の対向には、滑り運動がある。こちらの寿命は、剥離ではなく、主に摩耗や焼付きとなる。滑り運動の機械部品の代表例としては、ジャーナル軸受(滑り軸受)、ピストン、ねじ、ロープ、チェーンなどが挙げられる。
転がり運動を行う鋼製の被潤滑部の剥離寿命は、金属の疲労による寿命であり、この寿命を全うするためには潤滑油膜を厚くすることが古くから唯一の手段とされている。従って、この被潤滑部の潤滑に使用されるグリースには、従来、油膜を充分に厚くすること、すなわち充分に高い粘度を有する基油を使用することのみが求められていた。
【0003】
一方では最近、特許第2878749号(特開平3−210394)に記載されているように、自動車オルタネータ用軸受に、上記のような通常の金属疲労によらない早期寿命を引き起こす特異性剥離が見られ、問題視された。これは水素脆化による剥離とされ、同公報には不働態化酸化剤を添加したグリースを使用することによりこの特異性剥離を解消ないし軽減しようとする試みが提案され、具体例としては、亜硝酸ソーダの添加例が開示されている。
しかし、一般の金属疲労剥離では、油膜が薄くなった場合、表面の微小突起が接触し、表面起点剥離が生じ易くなり寿命が短くなる。油膜厚さは機械部品の速度がゼロの際、限りなくゼロに近づく。この速度ゼロの状態は、実際の機械部品ではスタート・ストップの繰り返しや往復揺動運動などで頻繁に見られる状態である。この油膜が薄くなった場合の剥離寿命を延長するようなグリース組成物は知られていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、転がり運動を行う鋼製の被潤滑部を有する機械部品の潤滑に使用するグリース組成物を提供することである。
本発明の他の目的は、油膜の薄膜化により発生する金属疲労による剥離を、油膜の厚膜化によらずに防止し、剥離寿命を延長することができるグリース組成物を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、転がり運動を行う鋼製の被潤滑部を有する機械部品の潤滑に使用されるグリース組成物であって、基油、増ちょう剤、及び有機スルホン酸塩を含有することを特徴とするグリース組成物を提供するものである。
上述のように、金属疲労による剥離寿命は、従来、グリースの油膜を厚くすることで全うしていたが、本発明は、特定の化合物を添加することにより、油膜を厚くしなくても所期の目的を達成しうるグリース組成物を提供するものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用する有機スルホン酸塩は、親油基である有機基を有するスルホン酸の塩である。このような有機スルホン酸塩としては、潤滑油留分中の芳香族炭化水素成分のスルホン化によって得られる石油スルホン酸とジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸や重質アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸のような合成スルホン酸等が挙げられる。有機スルホン酸塩は、金属塩、塩基性金属塩、高塩基性金属塩(塩基価50〜500mgKOH/g)、アンモニウム塩、アミン塩等が挙げられる。具体例としては、Ca,Mg,Ba等のアルカリ土類金属塩、Na,K,Li等のアルカリ金属塩、Zn塩、Pb塩、高塩基性Ca塩、アンモニウム塩、エチレンジアミン等のアミン塩等が挙げられる。
塩基性、高塩基性スルホン酸塩は、酸中和作用を持たせるために、炭酸カルシウムや水酸化カルシウム等の微粒子をスルホン酸塩中に分散させたものであり、本発明にはこのような有機スルホン酸塩も使用できる。
【0007】
本発明に使用する、有機スルホン酸塩は、金属製品等の保管、輸送、保守における一時的な錆止めを目的とするいわゆる錆止め油の主要添加剤として多く用いられている。錆止め性が要求されるグリースにも、他の錆止め剤と同様に一般的に使用されている。しかし、有機スルホン酸塩そのものには、極圧性や摩擦低減等の効果はなく、潤滑性向上の目的で使用される添加剤ではない。
また、本発明者が知る限り、有機スルホン酸塩そのものが鋼の金属疲労による剥離寿命を長くする旨の報告、開示は皆無である。
【0008】
本発明のグリース組成物において、有機スルホン酸塩は単独で使用しても良いし、2種以上を適宜組み合わせて使用しても良い。
本発明のグリース組成物中、有機スルホン酸塩の含有量は、好ましくは0.1〜10質量%、より好ましくは、0.5〜5質量%である。0.1質量%未満では効果が不充分であり、10質量%以上添加しても効果が飽和してしまう。
【0009】
本発明のグリース組成物に使用される増ちょう剤は、特に限定されない。好ましい例としては、Li石けんや複合Li石けんに代表される石けん系増ちょう剤、ジウレアに代表されるウレア系増ちょう剤、有機化クレイやシリカに代表される無機系増ちょう剤、PTFEに代表される有機系増ちょう剤等が挙げられる。特に好ましいものは、ウレア系増ちょう剤である。
最近、耐剥離性が要求される用途にはウレア系増ちょう剤を使用したグリース組成物を使用することが多い。これは、ウレア化合物の転動面保護によるものと推察されており、本発明においてウレア系増ちょう剤を使用すると、剥離寿命向上効果がさらに顕著である。また、ウレア系増ちょう剤は、他の増ちょう剤と比較して欠点が少なく、比較的安価であり、実用性も高い。
本発明のグリース組成物中の増ちょう剤の含有量は、増ちょう剤の種類により異なる。本発明のグリース組成物のちょう度は、200〜400が好適であり、増ちょう剤の含有量はこのちょう度を得るのに必要な量となる。本発明のグリース組成物中、増ちょう剤の含有量は、通常3〜30質量%、好ましくは5〜25質量%である。
【0010】
本発明のグリース組成物に使用される基油も、特に限定されない。例えば、鉱油をはじめとする全ての基油が使用できる。鉱油の他、ジエステル、ポリオールエステルに代表されるエステル系合成油、ポリαオレフィン、ポリブテンに代表される合成炭化水素油、アルキルジフェニルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールに代表されるエーテル系合成油、シリコーン油、フッ素化油など各種合成油が使用できる。
【0011】
本発明のグリース組成物には必要に応じて種々の添加剤を添加することができる。このような添加剤としては、例えば、酸化防止剤、錆止め剤、金属腐食防止剤、油性剤、耐摩耗剤、極圧剤、固体潤滑剤などが挙げられる。
【0012】
本発明のグリース組成物において、有機スルホン酸塩が金属疲労寿命を向上させるメカニズムについては未だ不明の部分が多いが、現段階では下記の推論が考えられる。
錆止め剤の主要な働きは、金属表面に緻密な吸着膜を作り、金属が水や酸素と接触して錆びるのを防ぐ役割をする。特に有機スルホン酸塩は錆止め性の強い極性基(−SO3 -)をもっており、他の錆止め剤、例えば、エステル(アルコール)やアミン系と比較しても強固な吸着膜を形成するものと思われる。従って被潤滑部では酸化鉄層の上に被膜を形成し、この硬く緻密な酸化鉄層を保護するため油膜が薄い場合でも剥離の発生を有効に防止できるものと考えられる。
以上のとおり、本発明の有機スルホン酸塩は、被潤滑部において酸化鉄層の上に被膜を形成し、硬く緻密な酸化鉄層を保護することにより、油膜の厚膜化によらずに剥離寿命を延長することができるものと考えられる。
【0013】
実施例1〜7、比較例1〜5
表1及び表2に記載したように、ベースグリースに、所定量の添加剤を加えてよく混ぜ、3本ロールミルで混練し、グリース組成物を製造した。
ベースグリース
A 増ちょう剤:ジウレア
基油:P系鉱油,230mm2 /s@40℃
ちょう度:No. 1グレード
B 増ちょう剤:Li石けん
基油:P系鉱油,230mm2 /s@40℃
ちょう度:No. 1グレード
添加剤
C ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸カルシウム塩(KING INDUSTIRES 社製NASUL 729)
D ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸亜鉛塩(KING INDUSTIRES 社製NASUL ZS)E ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸アンモニウム塩(KING INDUSTIRES 社製NASUL AS)
F 高塩基性有機スルホン酸カルシウム塩(Witco社製Bryton C-400C)、
G モノオレイン酸ソルビタン(日本油脂製ノニオンOP-80R)
【0014】
評価試験方法
転がり4球試験
試験方法の概略
φ15mmの軸受用鋼球を3個用意し、底面の内径36.0mm、上端部の内径31.63mm、深さ10.95mmの円筒状容器内に置き、試験グリースを20g塗布する。この3個の鋼球の上にφ5/8インチの軸受用鋼球1個を接触させ、所定の回転数で回転させると、下側の3個の鋼球は自転しながら公転する。これを鋼球面に剥離が生じるまで連続回転させる。
※剥離は、最も面圧の高い球−球間に生じる。
※寿命は、剥離が生じた時点の総回転数とする。
試験条件
試験鋼球:φ5/8in軸受用鋼球(回転球)、φ15mm軸受用鋼球(従動球)
試験荷重(W):400kgf (6.5GPa )※
回転速度(n):1500rpm
試験繰り返し数:5(平均寿命:n=5の平均)
※球−球間の最大ヘルツ圧。6.5GPa という値は、非常に高い面圧であり、油膜はかなりの薄膜になっている状態である。
グリースの組成及び試験結果を表1及び表2に示す。
【0015】
【表1】
<実施例>

Figure 0004177596
【0016】
【表2】
<比較例>
Figure 0004177596
【0017】
考察
ウレア系ベースグリースAを使用したもの(実施例1〜3、5、6、比較例1、3)は、Li石けん系ベースグリースBを使用したもの(実施例4、比較例2)よりも、剥離寿命が長いことが分かる(実施例3と実施例4の対比、及び比較例1と比較例2の対比)。
ベースグリースによって多少の差は認められるものの、本発明の有機スルホン酸塩を添加すると、剥離寿命は約1.5〜4倍に延びることが分かる(実施例1〜3と比較例1の対比、及び実施例4と比較例2の対比)。
【0018】
比較例3は、モノオレイン酸ソルビタンを使用しており、比較例1の添加剤なしの場合と同等の剥離寿命しか示さない。
以上のとおり、本発明の有機スルホン酸塩の剥離寿命延長効果は、顕著であり、ウレア系増ちょう剤を使用した場合(実施例1〜3、5及び6)は、特に優れていることが分かる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明のグリース組成物は、油膜の厚膜化によらず、剥離寿命を長くすることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a grease composition used for lubrication of a machine part having a steel lubricated part that performs rolling motion, and more particularly to a grease composition that can increase the peeling life of the lubricated part.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Representative examples of mechanical parts having steel lubricated parts that perform rolling motion include rolling bearings, ball screws, and linear motion guide bearings. On the other hand, the opposite of the rolling motion is a sliding motion. The life here is not delamination but mainly wear and seizure. Typical examples of sliding mechanical parts include journal bearings (sliding bearings), pistons, screws, ropes, chains, and the like.
The peeling life of a steel lubricated part that performs rolling motion is the life due to fatigue of the metal, and in order to achieve this life, thickening the lubricating oil film has long been the only means. Therefore, conventionally, the grease used for lubrication of the lubricated part has only been required to make the oil film sufficiently thick, that is, to use a base oil having a sufficiently high viscosity.
[0003]
On the other hand, recently, as described in Japanese Patent No. 2878749 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-210394), an automotive alternator bearing has seen a specific peeling that causes an early life that does not depend on normal metal fatigue as described above. It was a problem. This is considered to be peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement, and the same publication proposes an attempt to eliminate or reduce this specific peeling by using grease to which a passivating oxidizing agent is added. An example of adding sodium nitrate is disclosed.
However, in general metal fatigue peeling, when the oil film becomes thin, minute protrusions on the surface come into contact with each other, and surface-origin peeling tends to occur, resulting in a shortened life. The oil film thickness approaches zero as much as the speed of machine parts is zero. This state of zero speed is frequently observed in actual machine parts by repeated start / stop and reciprocating rocking motion. No grease composition is known that extends the peel life when this oil film becomes thin.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a grease composition used for lubricating a machine part having a steel lubricated part that performs a rolling motion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a grease composition capable of preventing peeling due to metal fatigue caused by thinning of an oil film without extending the oil film and extending the peeling life. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a grease composition used for lubricating a machine part having a lubricated part made of steel that performs rolling motion, characterized in that it contains a base oil, a thickener, and an organic sulfonate. A grease composition is provided.
As described above, the peeling life due to metal fatigue has been conventionally achieved by increasing the thickness of the oil film of grease. However, the present invention can be expected without increasing the thickness of the oil film by adding a specific compound. A grease composition capable of achieving the above objectives is provided.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The organic sulfonate used in the present invention is a salt of a sulfonic acid having an organic group which is a lipophilic group. Examples of such organic sulfonate include petroleum sulfonic acid obtained by sulfonation of aromatic hydrocarbon components in a lubricating oil fraction, and synthetic sulfonic acid such as dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid and heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. Can be mentioned. Examples of the organic sulfonate include metal salts, basic metal salts, highly basic metal salts (base number 50 to 500 mgKOH / g), ammonium salts, and amine salts. Specific examples include alkaline earth metal salts such as Ca, Mg and Ba, alkali metal salts such as Na, K and Li, Zn salts, Pb salts, highly basic Ca salts, ammonium salts, amine salts such as ethylenediamine, and the like. Is mentioned.
Basic and highly basic sulfonates are obtained by dispersing fine particles such as calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide in a sulfonate in order to give an acid neutralizing action. Organic sulfonates can also be used.
[0007]
The organic sulfonate used in the present invention is often used as a main additive of so-called rust prevention oil for the purpose of temporary rust prevention in storage, transportation and maintenance of metal products and the like. As with other rust inhibitors, they are generally used for greases that require rust prevention properties. However, the organic sulfonate itself does not have effects such as extreme pressure and friction reduction, and is not an additive used for the purpose of improving lubricity.
Moreover, as far as the present inventor is aware, there is no report or disclosure that the organic sulfonate itself prolongs the peeling life due to metal fatigue of steel.
[0008]
In the grease composition of the present invention, the organic sulfonate may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
In the grease composition of the present invention, the content of the organic sulfonate is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass. If the amount is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect is insufficient, and even if 10% by mass or more is added, the effect is saturated.
[0009]
The thickener used in the grease composition of the present invention is not particularly limited. Preferred examples include soap thickeners represented by Li soap and composite Li soap, urea thickeners represented by diurea, inorganic thickeners represented by organoclay and silica, and representative PTFE. And organic thickeners. Particularly preferred are urea thickeners.
Recently, grease compositions using urea-based thickeners are often used for applications that require peeling resistance. This is presumed to be due to the rolling surface protection of the urea compound, and when a urea-based thickener is used in the present invention, the effect of improving the peel life is more remarkable. Urea-based thickeners have fewer defects than other thickeners, are relatively inexpensive, and are highly practical.
The content of the thickener in the grease composition of the present invention varies depending on the type of the thickener. The consistency of the grease composition of the present invention is preferably 200 to 400, and the content of the thickener is an amount necessary to obtain this consistency. In the grease composition of the present invention, the content of the thickener is usually 3 to 30% by mass, preferably 5 to 25% by mass.
[0010]
The base oil used in the grease composition of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, all base oils including mineral oil can be used. In addition to mineral oils, ester synthetic oils represented by diesters and polyol esters, polyalphaolefins, synthetic hydrocarbon oils represented by polybutene, alkyl diphenyl ethers, ether synthetic oils represented by polypropylene glycol, silicone oils, and fluorination Various synthetic oils such as oil can be used.
[0011]
Various additives can be added to the grease composition of the present invention as necessary. Examples of such additives include antioxidants, rust inhibitors, metal corrosion inhibitors, oiliness agents, antiwear agents, extreme pressure agents, and solid lubricants.
[0012]
In the grease composition of the present invention, there are still many unclear parts about the mechanism by which the organic sulfonate improves the metal fatigue life, but the following inference can be considered at this stage.
The main function of the rust inhibitor is to create a dense adsorption film on the metal surface and prevent the metal from rusting due to contact with water and oxygen. In particular organic sulfonate rust resistant strongly polar group (-SO 3 -) has a, other rust inhibitors, for example, seems to be compared to the ester (alcohol) or an amine to form a firm adsorption film It is. Therefore, it is considered that in the lubricated portion, a film is formed on the iron oxide layer, and this hard and dense iron oxide layer is protected, so that the occurrence of peeling can be effectively prevented even when the oil film is thin.
As described above, the organic sulfonate of the present invention peels off without thickening the oil film by forming a film on the iron oxide layer in the lubricated part and protecting the hard and dense iron oxide layer. It is thought that the lifetime can be extended.
[0013]
Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-5
As described in Tables 1 and 2, a predetermined amount of additives were added to the base grease, mixed well, and kneaded with a three-roll mill to produce a grease composition.
Base grease A Thickener: Diurea base oil: P mineral oil, 230 mm 2 / s @ 40 ° C
Consistency: No. 1 Grade B Thickener: Li soap base oil: P mineral oil, 230 mm 2 / s @ 40 ° C
Consistency: No. 1 Grade Additive C Calcium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate (NASUL 729 manufactured by KING INDUSTIRES)
D Zinonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid zinc salt (NASUL ZS from KING INDUSTIRES) E Dinonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid ammonium salt (NASUL AS from KING INDUSTIRES)
F Highly basic organic sulfonic acid calcium salt (Bryton C-400C manufactured by Witco),
G sorbitan monooleate (NONION OP-80R, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
[0014]
Evaluation test method Rolling 4 ball test test method Prepare three steel balls for bearings with a diameter of 15 mm and place them in a cylindrical container with an inner diameter of 36.0 mm at the bottom, an inner diameter of 31.63 mm at the upper end, and a depth of 10.95 mm. Apply 20 g of test grease. When one φ5 / 8 inch bearing steel ball is brought into contact with the three steel balls and rotated at a predetermined rotational speed, the lower three steel balls revolve while rotating. This is continuously rotated until peeling occurs on the steel spherical surface.
* Peeling occurs between the spheres with the highest surface pressure.
* The service life is the total number of revolutions at the time of peeling.
Test condition Test steel balls: φ5 / 8in bearing steel ball (rotating ball), φ15mm bearing steel ball (driven ball)
Test load (W): 400kgf (6.5GPa) *
Rotational speed (n): 1500rpm
Number of test repetitions: 5 (average life: average of n = 5)
* Maximum Hertz pressure between spheres. A value of 6.5 GPa is a very high surface pressure, and the oil film is in a considerably thin state.
Tables 1 and 2 show the grease composition and test results.
[0015]
[Table 1]
<Example>
Figure 0004177596
[0016]
[Table 2]
<Comparative example>
Figure 0004177596
[0017]
Discussion Those using urea base grease A (Examples 1-3, 5, 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3) are more than those using Li soap base grease B (Example 4 and Comparative Example 2). It can be seen that the peel life is long (contrast between Example 3 and Example 4 and comparison between Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2).
Although a slight difference is recognized depending on the base grease, it can be seen that when the organic sulfonate of the present invention is added, the peel life is extended about 1.5 to 4 times (contrast of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, Comparison of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2).
[0018]
Comparative Example 3 uses sorbitan monooleate and exhibits only a peel life equivalent to that of Comparative Example 1 without the additive.
As described above, the peeling life extending effect of the organic sulfonate of the present invention is remarkable, and when the urea-based thickener is used (Examples 1 to 3, 5 and 6), it is particularly excellent. I understand.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The grease composition of the present invention can extend the peeling life regardless of the oil film thickness.

Claims (3)

転がり運動を行う鋼製の被潤滑部を有する機械部品の潤滑に使用されるグリース組成物であって、基油、増ちょう剤、及び金属疲労による剥離寿命を延長する成分を含有すること、前記増ちょう剤がウレア化合物であること、前記金属疲労による剥離寿命を延長する成分が有機スルホン酸塩のみからなること、前記有機スルホン酸塩が、カルシウム塩、亜鉛塩、アンモニウム塩、及び高塩基性カルシウム塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であること、グリース組成物中の前記有機スルホン酸塩の含有量が2〜10質量%であること、を特徴とするグリース組成物。A grease composition used for lubricating a machine part having a steel lubricated part that performs rolling motion, comprising a base oil, a thickener, and a component that extends a peeling life due to metal fatigue , The thickener is a urea compound, the component that extends the peeling life due to metal fatigue is composed only of an organic sulfonate , the organic sulfonate is a calcium salt, a zinc salt, an ammonium salt, and a high basicity A grease composition characterized in that it is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, and the content of the organic sulfonate in the grease composition is 2 to 10% by mass. 前記有機スルホン酸塩の含有量が、2〜5質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のグリース組成物。  The grease composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the organic sulfonate is 2 to 5% by mass. 機械部品が、転がり軸受、ボールねじ、又は直動案内軸受であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のグリース組成物。The grease composition according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mechanical part is a rolling bearing, a ball screw, or a linear guide bearing .
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US7397139B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-07-08 Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. Epoxy resin molding material for sealing use and semiconductor device
JP4593961B2 (en) * 2004-04-20 2010-12-08 Thk株式会社 Wide speed range grease composition for linear motion guide and linear motion guide device using the same
JP5265996B2 (en) * 2008-09-11 2013-08-14 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Lubricating oil composition
JP5344422B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2013-11-20 協同油脂株式会社 Grease composition for constant velocity joint and constant velocity joint
JP5531392B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2014-06-25 協同油脂株式会社 Grease composition and bearing
JP6193619B2 (en) * 2013-05-22 2017-09-06 Ntn株式会社 Rolling bearing
JP6546727B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2019-07-17 協同油脂株式会社 Grease composition
JP7448359B2 (en) 2020-01-16 2024-03-12 シェルルブリカンツジャパン株式会社 grease composition
US20230323240A1 (en) * 2020-08-12 2023-10-12 Jtekt Corporation Grease composition, and rolling bearing

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