JP4175495B2 - Cutting method of cylindrical ceramics - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics, and more particularly, to a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics in which cylindrical ceramics are cut at a desired cutting position in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the ceramics. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various ceramics have been used for machines and electronic devices, and cutting of these ceramics has been mainly performed by a blade such as a diamond grindstone or a saw blade. In the case of cutting with this cutter, there is a risk that chips and noise are generated, the working environment may be deteriorated, and it takes a considerable amount of time and energy to cut, and damage due to wear of the cutter is extremely economical. It was a thing.
[0003]
In addition, by placing cylindrical (hollow) and cylindrical (solid) ceramics in a discing device, loading the ceramics with side pressure (squeezing pressure from the outer peripheral surface), and using the discing that uses the side pressure to destroy the ceramics Cutting with a so-called cutting method has already been developed.
[0004]
This cutting method by disking is performed by the disking apparatus 1 shown in FIG. In the disking apparatus 1, a cylindrical ceramic 5 is inserted into a pressure vessel 3. The cylindrical ceramic 5 has an outer diameter d and a wall thickness t. A plurality of cutout grooves 7 are provided at appropriate intervals, for example, at an interval b, on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramic 5 with both ends open, in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the ceramic 5. Cover with cylinder 9. The side pressure transmission cylinder 9 is made of an acrylic resin having a Young's modulus much smaller than that of the ceramic 5.
[0005]
A pair of left and right O-rings 13, 13 are provided at both ends of the outer periphery of the side pressure transmission cylinder 9 across the pressure load port 11 of the pressure vessel 3, and the side pressure transmission cylinder 9 is interposed between the pair of left and right O-rings 13, 13. A holding collar 15 is provided, and a holding ring 17 for positioning them and a screw 19 for preventing pressure leakage are provided outside the pressure vessel 3.
[0006]
In such a configuration of the disking device 1, if an internal pressure P is applied to the inside of the pressure vessel 3 from the pressure load port 11 of the pressure vessel 3, the ceramic 5 receives a side pressure with both ends open, and the side pressure reaches a certain value. As a result, a crack develops and cuts in a cross section passing through one notch groove 7 between the pair of left and right O-rings 13 and 13. Further, when a side pressure is applied, the ceramic 5 is sequentially cut in a cross section passing through another notch groove 7. In this case, the cut surface of the ceramic 5 is smooth. This is cutting by disking.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As a cutting method of ceramics, it prevents the generation of chips and noise, which are the disadvantages of conventional cutting methods such as diamond grindstones and saw blades, and reduces the time and energy until cutting, and the blade. We develop a cutting method for cylindrical ceramics that prevents damage due to wear. On the other hand, the discing makes it possible to cut ceramics in which not only the cylindrical (hollow) shape but also the columnar (solid) shape ceramics are eliminated. However, since the cutting pressure at this time is high, development of a cutting method that enables cutting at as low a pressure as possible is desired. Further, since the disking requires a pressure vessel suitable for the size of the ceramic, it is desired to develop a cutting method that can handle any size regardless of the size of the ceramic.
[0008]
The object of the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and by applying a side pressure (squeezing pressure from the outer periphery) to a cylindrical ceramic, it is possible to cut with a small force, and also for various outer diameters. It is possible to cut appropriately, and by using the progress of cracks that occur at the time of breakage for cutting positively, the disadvantages of the cutting method with a blade can be eliminated, and there is a risk of generating chips and noise. The present invention provides a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics that can be easily and quickly cut in a short time, has a smooth cut surface, and is excellent in economic efficiency.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the method of cutting cylindrical ceramics according to claim 1 of the present invention is orthogonal to the axial direction of the ceramics at a cutting position where the cylindrical ceramics are desired. In the method of cutting cylindrical ceramics that cut in the direction of cutting, a notch groove is formed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the desired cutting position of the cylindrical ceramic, and then a tensile stress is induced in the notch groove of the ceramic A linear body or a belt-like body is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic so that a tensile load is applied to the linear body or the belt-like body, and a lateral pressure is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic so that the ceramic is placed at the notch groove position. It is characterized by cutting.
[0010]
The cylindrical ceramic cutting method according to a second aspect of the present invention is the method according to the first aspect, wherein the notch groove is an axial direction of a desired cutting position on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramic. The ceramic is cut at the position of the notch groove by applying a lateral pressure to the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic with the linear body or the band-like body at an interval of 6 mm from the notch groove of the ceramic. And
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the notch groove is an axial center of a desired cutting position on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramics. form shape in a direction perpendicular to the direction, and then characterized by cutting the ceramic in the cutout groove position by loading the lateral pressure in the linear member or strip to the outer circumferential surface of the cutout groove position of ceramics.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 2 shows an outline of a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention, where T is a cylindrical ceramic with a constant outer diameter d (thickness t) to be cut in a YY section. It is. When a lateral pressure p (squeezing pressure from the outer circumferential surface) is applied along the outer periphery of the AB portion of the cylindrical ceramic T, the outer diameter d of the cylindrical ceramic T decreases to d ′, but the lateral pressure is received. No CD part keeps the initial state. At this time, a stress proportional to the change in the outer diameter d is automatically generated in the cylindrical ceramic T, and a tensile stress is induced on a part of the outer surface of the cylindrical ceramic T in the B-C portion.
[0015]
On the other hand, ceramics are characterized by being strong in compression and weak in tension. Now, it is assumed that a notch s is provided by a tool such as a glass cutter in a part on the outer circumference of the cylinder in the YY cross section at a desired cutting position, and the position of the notch s is in the B-C portion. And When the side pressure p reaches a certain value in this state, a crack due to tensile fracture occurs from the notch s due to stress concentration, and the cylindrical ceramic T passes through the notch s and crosses the Y-Y section at the desired cutting position. Divide instantly. This is the cutting of the cylindrical ceramic T referred to here.
[0016]
Glass is called old ceramics and is a kind of ceramics. In the present embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to an old ceramic will be described. However, the present invention can also be applied to a new ceramic. Here, the Example which cut | disconnected the glass cylinder and the glass bottle using the above-mentioned cutting method is divided and described.
[0017]
[ Reference example]
The discing apparatus 1 is as shown in FIG. 1, and the glass cylinder to be cut as the cylindrical ceramic 5 is an outer diameter d = 60 mm made of Pyrex (registered trademark) glass, and a wall thickness t = 4.5 mm. belongs to. The side pressure transmission cylinder 9 is made of polyethylene and has an outer diameter of 68 mm, a wall thickness of 3.5 mm, and an axial length of 49 mm. First, a notch s as a notch groove 7 was provided on the cylinder by a commercially available glass cut on the outer surface of the cylinder at a position 60 mm from the end face of the cylinder at a length of about 3 mm perpendicular to the axis, and the cutting position was designated.
[0018]
When the position of the notch s is set to a position spaced 6 mm from the end face of the side pressure transmission cylinder 9 and a side pressure is statically applied to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder as shown in FIG. It was cut at a cross section passing through the notch s with a weak sound of a pin at 18 MPa. The cut surface is smooth and mirror surface. Even if the length from the cylindrical end surface to the cutout s was changed, the cut was made accurately through the cutout s and the cut surface was very good. Moreover, when the side pressure at the time of cutting was expressed by Pa, the cutting pressure Pa showed an approximately constant value regardless of the axial length.
[0019]
Cylindrical ceramics T was arranged such that the position of notch s provided on the outer periphery of cylindrical ceramics T was a length x outward from the end face of side pressure transmission cylinder 9, for example, x = 3 mm to 10 mm. FIG. 3A shows the test results when x = 3 mm to 10 mm. Here, Pa is the cutting pressure, and δ indicates the state of the cut surface.
[0020]
FIG. 3B shows the state of the cut surface when x = 3 mm, and the cut surface at this time does not become smooth, but enters the inside from the outer periphery. Here, the maximum distance entered is represented by δ. Since there are two types of states of the cut surface, the one that enters the inside from the outer periphery is indicated by a, and the one that protrudes from the outer periphery to the inside is indicated by b. The state of this cut surface is shown in the remarks column of FIG. From the test results shown in FIG. 3 (a), when the data of x = 6 mm is seen, the absolute values of the cutting pressures Pa and δ show the minimum values, and it is suitable for cutting that x = 6 mm I understand.
[0021]
[Example 1 ]
Here, the Example which cut | disconnected the glass bottle T as cylindrical ceramics using the wire 21 is described. In addition, although the wire as a linear body was used in this Embodiment, you may use another linear body or a strip | belt-shaped body.
As shown in FIG. 4, the prepared wire 21 is a steel wire having a diameter of about 4 mm, and a glass bottle T (outer diameter 65 mm, wall thickness 3 mm, height 140 mm) with a notch s made by commercially available glass cutting. A cutting position was specified by providing a length of about 3 mm perpendicular to the axial direction on the outer surface 60 mm from the outer bottom surface of T.
[0022]
Then, as shown in FIG. 4, a single wire 21 is wound around the outer surface of the glass bottle T, and when the wires 21 intersect, one of the wires 21 is passed between the double wires 21. A tensile load W was statically applied to the wire 21 by a testing machine in order to pull in the opposite directions. At this time, the distance between the notch s and the wire 21 was set to x = 6 mm. A side pressure was applied along the outer peripheral surface of the glass bottle T, and the glass bottle T was cut at a cross section passing through the notch s with a slight beeping sound with a tensile load W = 2.94 kN. When this wire 21 is used, as long as the wire 21 is not broken, the cylindrical ceramic T having any size can be easily cut regardless of the outer diameter of the glass bottle T.
[0028]
Next, different embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the position of the notch s provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical ceramic T shown in FIG. 2 is provided on the inner periphery of the ceramic T.
[0029]
First, the cutting principle will be described with reference to FIG. 5. T is a cylindrical ceramic with a constant outer diameter d (thickness t) to be cut in the YY section. When a side pressure p is applied to the outer circumference of the cylindrical ceramic T passing through the Y-Y cross section, the diameter d of the cylindrical ceramic T decreases to d ', but the portion not receiving the side pressure maintains the initial state. . For this reason, a stress proportional to the change in the outer diameter d is generated in the cylindrical ceramic T, and a maximum tensile stress is induced in the axial direction on the inner circumferential line of the cylinder in the YY section.
[0030]
Now, a notch S is provided by a tool such as glass cutting on a part of the cylindrical inner peripheral line in the YY section, which is a position where the cylindrical ceramic T is cut. When the side pressure p is applied to the cylindrical ceramic T in this state, not only the maximum tensile stress but also the stress concentration due to the notch S is superimposed on the notch S portion of the cylindrical ceramic T, so there is a side pressure p. When the value reaches the value, a crack is generated from the notch S, and the crack propagates and the cylindrical ceramic T is instantaneously cut along the YY section at a desired position.
[0031]
A method of cutting the cylindrical ceramic T using the cutting principle is shown in FIG. A method similar to that shown in FIG. 4 can be used. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, T is a cylindrical ceramic having an outer diameter d, a wall thickness t, and an axial length l. A notch S is provided in advance on the cylindrical inner peripheral surface at the cutting position of the cylindrical ceramic T.
[0032]
A single wire 21 is doubled and wound in the same manner as shown in FIG. 4 on a cylindrical outer peripheral line passing through a notch S which is a cutting position of the cylindrical ceramic T. At this time, the pulley K is used so that the lateral pressure is uniformly applied to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. Further, the wire 21 is arranged using the ring R so that the wound wire 21 does not spread, that is, the side pressure p on the line as shown in FIG. 5 is applied.
[0033]
In this state, when a tensile load W is applied between the upper end of the wire 21 and the pulley K at the lower end, and the tensile load W reaches a certain value, a crack is generated from the notch S portion according to the cutting principle described above. The crack propagates and the cylindrical ceramic T is instantaneously cut along a cross section passing through the notch S. In addition, the thickness of the wire 21 can be increased / decreased suitably.
[0034]
[Example 2 ]
In Example 2 , an attempt was made to cut a glass cylinder as the cylindrical ceramic T. The glass cylinder to be cut is made of Pyrex (registered trademark) glass, and in the cutting, a notch S having a length of about 3 mm along the inner circumference is formed at the center of the cylinder so that the axial length is divided into two equal parts. It was provided with a commercially available glass cutter.
[0035]
Next, as shown in FIG. 6, a steel wire 21 having a diameter of 1.5 mm is wound around a glass cylinder using a steel ring R and a pulley K, a tensile load W is statically applied, and the glass cylinder is cut. Tensile load, that is, the cutting load Wa and the cutting state of the glass cylinder were examined.
[0036]
Table 1 shows the cutting results when the outer diameter d = 40 mm and the axial length l = 80 mm are constant, only the thickness t is changed, and the glass cylinder is bisected at the center. For the cutting, three glass cylinders having the same dimensions are prepared, and the cutting load Wa is shown as an average. When the cutting load Wa shown in Table 1 was reached, the glass cylinder was instantaneously cut in a cross-section passing through the notch S with a faint sound. The cut surface is smooth and mirror-finished, and the cutting method of the present invention does not generate chips during cutting.
[0037]
[Table 1]
[0038]
As shown in Table 1 , the cutting load Wa of the glass cylinder depends on the wall thickness t. When the wall thickness t is increased, the cutting load Wa increases, but the cut surface of the glass cylinder is extremely good regardless of the wall thickness t. Met.
[0039]
Next, Table 2 shows the cutting results when the glass cylinder is divided into two equal parts at the center by changing only the outer diameter d of the glass cylinder while keeping the wall thickness t = 3.2 mm and the axial length l = 80 mm constant. . For the cutting, three glass cylinders having the same dimensions are prepared, and the cutting load Wa is shown as an average. The glass cylinder was instantaneously cut at a cross section passing through the notch S with the cutting load Wa shown in Table 2 .
[0040]
[Table 2]
[0041]
As apparent from the cutting results in Table 2 , the cutting load Wa of the glass cylinder depends on the outer diameter d, and increasing the outer diameter d increases the cutting load Wa. However, the cutting surface of the glass cylinder is related to the outer diameter d. All were very good.
[0042]
[ Reference example ]
In this reference example , an attempt was made to cut a glass bottle as a cylindrical ceramic T. The glass bottles to be cut are for shochu with an outer diameter of 77 mm, a wall thickness of 4 mm, and a height of 290 mm, and for sake with an outer diameter of 67 mm, a wall thickness of 3 mm, and a height of 195 mm. In the case of a glass bottle, it may be difficult to provide a notch S by cutting glass on the inner peripheral surface of the container. In the present embodiment, instead of providing a notch S by cutting glass at a position where cutting is desired, a horizontal hole penetrating the glass bottle is drilled by a drill having a diameter of 2 mm. At this time, the position of the horizontal hole was 90 mm in the former from the outer bottom surface of the glass bottle, and 40 mm in the latter. The size of the horizontal hole can be increased or decreased as appropriate, and can also be a long hole.
[0043]
Next, as shown in FIG. 6, a steel wire 21 having a diameter of 1.5 mm was wound around a glass bottle using a steel ring R and a pulley K, and a tensile load W was statically applied. Both glass bottles were cut instantly at a cross section passing through the side hole. The cutting load Wa when cutting the glass bottle was Wa = 1200N in the former, and Wa = 1110N in the latter. Both glass bottles were not only cut at the desired position, but the cut surfaces were also very good.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
The above is an embodiment of the method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention. According to the method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to claim 1 of the present invention, desired cutting of cylindrical ceramics is performed. A notch groove is formed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the position, and then a linear body or a band-like body is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic so as to induce a tensile stress in the notch groove of the ceramic. Since the ceramic is cut at the notch groove position by applying a tensile load to the body and applying a side pressure to the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic, there is no risk of generating chips and noise, eliminating the disadvantages of cutting with a blade, There is no possibility of deteriorating the working environment, and the cylindrical ceramic can be cut quickly and easily with a small force, and a smooth cut surface can be obtained.
In addition, since a side pressure is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic using a linear body or a band-shaped body, it is possible to deal with cylindrical ceramics having any outer diameter.
[0045]
According to the method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to claim 2 of the present invention, in the invention according to claim 1, the notch groove is an axial direction of a desired cutting position on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramics. Since the ceramic is cut at the position of the notch groove by applying a side pressure to the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic with the linear body or belt-like body at a distance of 6 mm from the notch groove of the ceramic, This eliminates the disadvantages of cutting by cutting, and there is no risk of generating chips or noise, there is no risk of deteriorating the work environment, and cylindrical ceramics can be cut quickly and easily with a small force and smooth. A cut surface can be obtained.
[0046]
According to the method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to claim 3 of the present invention, in the invention according to claim 1, the notch groove is an axial center of a desired cutting position on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramics. form shape in a direction perpendicular to the direction, then since cutting the ceramic in the cutout groove position by loading the lateral pressure in the linear member or strip to the outer circumferential surface of the cutout groove position of ceramics, it provided a notch By matching the cutting position with the position where the side pressure is applied, the cutting work can be performed quickly and easily, eliminating the disadvantages of cutting with the blade, eliminating the possibility of generating chips and noise, and deteriorating the working environment. There is no fear, the cylindrical ceramic can be cut quickly and easily with a small force, and a smooth cut surface can be obtained.
[0049]
According to the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the shortcomings of cutting with a blade, there is no possibility of generating chips and noise, there is no possibility of deteriorating the working environment, and a cylindrical ceramic can be cut quickly and easily. In addition, the energy required for cutting can be reduced, and a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics having a smooth cut surface and excellent economy can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a discing apparatus used in a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing an outline of a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention.
3A and 3B show a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a table showing test results, and FIG. 3B is an explanatory view showing a state of a cut surface.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory perspective view showing a cylindrical ceramic cutting method according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing different embodiments of the method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory perspective view showing different embodiments of the method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Discking apparatus 3 Pressure vessel 5 Cylindrical ceramics 7 Notch groove 9 Side pressure transmission cylinder 11 Pressure load port 13 O-ring 15 Collar 17 Holding ring 19 Screw 21 Wire T Cylindrical ceramics (glass bottle)
s Notch (when provided on the outer circumference of the cylinder)
W Tensile load P Internal pressure applied to the pressure vessel (side pressure applied to the side pressure transmission cylinder)
d Ceramic outer diameter t Ceramic thickness b Notch groove spacing p Side pressure applied to ceramic d 'Ceramic outer diameter reduced by side pressure X Length from end face of side pressure transmission cylinder Cutting pressure δ Cutting surface condition Maximum distance 1 indicating the axial length S of the ceramic S Notch (when provided on the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder)
K pulley R ring

Claims (3)

In a method for cutting cylindrical ceramics, the cylindrical ceramics is cut at a desired cutting position in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the ceramics, and is orthogonal to the axial direction of the desired cutting position of the cylindrical ceramics. A notched groove is formed in the direction, and then a linear body or strip is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic so as to induce a tensile stress in the notched groove of the ceramic, and a tensile load is applied to the linear body or the strip. A method of cutting a cylindrical ceramic, comprising cutting the ceramic at the position of the notch groove by applying a lateral pressure to the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic. The notch groove is formed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of a desired cutting position on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramic, and the linear body is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic at a distance of 6 mm from the notch groove of the ceramic. 2. The method for cutting cylindrical ceramics according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic is cut at the position of the notch groove by applying a lateral pressure with a belt-like body. The slit is form shape in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cutting position to obtain a desired inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical ceramic, then with the linear member or strip to the outer circumferential surface of the cutout groove position of ceramics 2. The method for cutting a cylindrical ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic is cut at the position of the notch groove by applying a side pressure.