JP4169234B2 - Simple ammonia removal device for air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a safety system capable of reducing the possibility of ammonia leakage of an ammonia refrigerating machine widely used as a unit-type air conditioner and capable of processing in the ammonia refrigerator package at the time of leakage, and in particular, the refrigerating machine. The present invention relates to a simple ammonia abatement device for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerating machine, which can reduce the concentration of a small amount of leaking gas generated in a casing forming a package and can prevent odors.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ammonia refrigerant equipment, which has been used extensively as industrial equipment for many years, has ceased to be adopted with the spread of CFCs. However, the use of ammonia as a refrigerant again tends to be promoted again from the standpoint of chlorofluorocarbons due to the environmental problems of CFCs. Ammonia refrigerators for air conditioning are also unit types based on the full-automated ammonia unit regulations set by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Refrigerators tend to be widely used for air conditioning.
In the above ammonia fully automatic unit, the ammonia compartment that the ammonia refrigerant except the cold water piping part is connected to is manufactured under strict quality control in the manufacturing factory, and a casing that is separated from other parts is provided to prevent leakage of ammonia. It is limited to the casing that covers the ammonia compartment, and the leakage of ammonia to the outside of the casing is minimized, and at the time of leakage, a safety process is promptly performed to establish a safety system.
[0003]
Therefore, compared with conventional refrigeration equipment, the leakage rate and danger rate of ammonia gas during disasters such as earthquakes are kept much lower. However, facilities installed in densely populated houses, such as those for building air conditioning, are required to establish countermeasures for off-flavors to the surrounding area by ammonia gas that has a strong odor even if it is a simple leak.
[0004]
The above safety system is shown in FIG. 5. As shown in the figure, the ammonia compartment 25 through which the ammonia refrigerant passes is enclosed in a sealed state in the casing 10, and an accident (mainly leakage of ammonia) occurred in the ammonia compartment. ), The ammonia compartment 25 was produced under strict production control and quality control in the factory production process before shipment, and an unexpected accident occurred. Even in this case, it is isolated by the casing 10, and the leaked gas 50b is introduced into the scrubber at once without being diffused to the outside, and the leaked ammonia gas is removed to establish safety.
[0005]
That is, the casing 10 is provided with a leakage gas detector 20 and a unit discharge fan 52 in addition to the ammonia compartment 25, while the casing 10 has a safety control unit 50 including a battery 50a and an alarm 53, and A safety system is formed by the scrubber 55 including the water tank 55, the water spray valve 54 and the drainage tank 55a.
[0006]
With the above configuration, when an ammore leakage accident occurs in the ammore section 25 in the casing 10, the leak detector 20 detects the leaked ammonia gas. The detection signal is introduced into the control unit 50. In the control part 50, the refrigerator 53 is stopped simultaneously with the alarm 53 being operated, and the operation signals of the exhaust fan 52 and the watering valve 54 are output. As a result, the leaked ammonia gas in the casing 10 is collectively introduced into the scrubber 55 via the discharge fan 52, and sprayed water is supplied from the retained water tank via the watering nozzle 55b via the opened watering valve 54. The ammonia dissolved water is collected in the drainage tank.
[0007]
The above safety system is not for leaking a small amount of ammonia gas due to secular change from a gasket, etc., but for a major leakage accident. The emergence of some countermeasures is strongly desired.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has taken measures against a strange odor due to a slight amount of ammonia gas leakage due to aging from a gasket or the like, and simplified ammonia removal of an ammonia refrigerating machine for air conditioning that has established safety. The purpose is to provide harmful equipment.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0010]
[0011]
The present invention comprises a sealed casing that includes and separates a section through which an ammonia refrigerant of an ammonia refrigerator passes,
A ventilation fan provided with an ammonia adsorbent is provided in the casing, and the configuration is configured to remove the leaked ammonia gas by dynamic contact,
A leak detector is installed on the discharge side of the ventilation fan equipped with the adsorbent, which detects the concentration of the air blown by the adsorbent and suppresses the occurrence of an alarm due to an instantaneous increase in concentration. In this case, the detector is activated to generate an alarm.
[0012]
According to the above invention, a ventilation fan is provided in the casing in order to give fluidity to the air in the casing, and an adsorbent is provided in the air path from the suction side to the discharge side of the ventilation fan. Ammonia gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and in the case of a small amount of leaked ammonia gas, it is completely detoxified by the adsorbent while circulating a plurality of times, and leakage of ammonia gas and off-flavor to the outside of the casing can be prevented.
[0013]
Further, a duct pipe connected to the ventilation fan provided with the adsorbent is provided in the casing, and an air flow is generated and diffused in the casing to reduce the concentration of leaked ammonia.
[0014]
The above invention is for short-time minute ammonia leakage, and a ventilation fan provided with an adsorbent in the suction part or discharge part is provided on one end of the upper part in the casing, and a duct is provided on the discharge side of the ventilation fan. Since the duct is configured to extend toward the other end of the casing, high-concentration air containing a large amount of leaking ammonia gas is also sucked in from the suction side of the ventilation fan and is absorbed by the adsorbent inside the ventilation fan, resulting in a low concentration. Discharged to the end side. And since the circulation which recirculates to the suction side again while diffusing from the discharge port is repeated, in the case of momentary leakage, it is completely abolished by the adsorbent, and leakage of a strange odor outside the casing can be prevented.
[0015]
In addition, a leak detector is provided on the discharge side of the ventilation fan equipped with the adsorbent, which detects the concentration of the air blown by the adsorbent, suppresses alarms due to momentary increase in concentration, and prevents minute leaks that exceed the adsorption limit. In a case where the alarm continues, the detector is operated to generate an alarm.
[0016]
The above invention corrects the operating characteristics of a leak detector that is designed to operate even with an instantaneous concentration increase due to ammonia leakage, and operates only when the adsorption limit of the adsorbent is exceeded only when minute leakage continues. It is a thing.
That is, at the beginning of the leak, the ammonia gas whose concentration has been reduced by the adsorbent contacts the detector, so the detector is left in an unactuated state. . Then, an alarm is issued to the outside, and a safety system provided outside the casing is activated.
[0017]
[0018]
[0019]
The adsorbent according to claim 1 is formed of felt-like fibers made of an ion exchange resin.
[0020]
The adsorbent according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is formed in a mat shape from ion exchange fibers.
[0021]
Moreover, the adsorbent according to claim 1 is composed of a porous member made of crushed activated carbon.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, unless otherwise specified, the shape and other relative arrangements of the components described in this embodiment are merely illustrative examples and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the drawings shown in the conventional example, the same reference numerals are used for components having the same component names and functions as the components constituting the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a reference example of a simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a basic configuration of the simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the first embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the reference example .
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1, a simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air conditioning ammonia refrigerator of this reference example includes a casing 10 that encloses an ammonia compartment (portion through which the ammonia refrigerant passes) 25 of the air conditioning ammonia refrigerator, An adsorbent A made of ammonia-absorbing fibers made of an ion exchange resin adhered over the entire inner wall of the casing 10 is formed of an adsorbing member 12 having a thickness of about 3 mm.
With the above configuration, a small amount of leaked ammonia gas generated at any location in the casing 10 is adsorbed by causing static contact with the adsorbing member 12 that is diffused in all directions for a while and adhered to the inner wall of the casing 10. Therefore, leakage of ammonia gas or odor to the outside is prevented. In this case, there is a problem that the initial cost and the maintenance cost are increased.
[0024]
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a basic configuration example to which the present invention is applied, and prevents leakage of ammonia gas and off-flavors to the outside by adsorbing leaked ammonia gas with a small amount of adsorbent by dynamic contact. It is a thing.
As shown in FIG. 2, the basic configuration example to which the simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention is applied is such that the ammonia compartment (portion through which the ammonia refrigerant passes) 25 of the air conditioning ammonia refrigerator is hermetically sealed. The casing 10 includes a ventilation fan 11 built in the casing 10 together with the ammonia compartment 25, an adsorption member 12 provided on the suction side of the ventilation fan, and a duct 13 provided on the discharge side of the ventilation fan 11. .
As shown in the figure, the ventilation fan 11 is arranged at one corner of the casing 10 with the intake side facing the inside of the casing, and the duct 13 extends to the other end of the casing 10. The air forms a diffusion air current 16 indicated by an arrow. Therefore, when ammonia gas leaks at any location in the casing 10, the ammonia gas just generated forms a high-concentration intake gas 14 and is sucked into the ventilation fan 11, and is sucked into the adsorption member 12 during the suction process. A part of the exhaust gas is adsorbed and discharged from the outlet of the duct 13 as low-concentration exhaust gas 15, and the exhausted low-concentration exhaust gas diffuses in the casing to form a diffused airflow 16. To reflux. The adsorbing member 12 is formed with a thickness of about 3 mm from the adsorbing material A. For example, in the case of a minute leak with an inhalation concentration of 1000 ppm, the absorption rate is 90% and the air volume is 100 m ³ / h at a ventilation rate of 10 times / h. h, The result of adsorption amount 30g or more was obtained.
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the simple ammonia abatement apparatus according to the first embodiment is in close proximity to the closed casing 10 including the ammonia compartment 25, the ventilation fan 11 having the adsorption member 12 on the adsorption side, and the discharge side of the ventilation fan 11. The leakage detector 20 is provided to correct the operating characteristics of the leakage detector 20 that is operated even if the concentration increases instantaneously due to ammonia leakage, and the adsorbent is adsorbed only when minute leakage continues. It is designed to operate only when a predetermined concentration exceeding the limit is reached.
With the above configuration, the high-concentration intake gas 14 is sucked from the intake side of the ventilation fan 11, and part of the high-concentration intake gas 14 is adsorbed by the adsorption member 12 on the discharge side of the ventilation fan 11 to become the low-concentration exhaust gas 15. Detected. In this way, the adsorbing member 12 made of the adsorbent A and having a thickness of about 3 mm is used, and the leak detector 20 detects the amount of leak because the suction concentration is 1000 ppm or more and the exhaust concentration is less than the leak set value. Works.
[0026]
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a reference example of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the simple ammonia abatement apparatus according to the reference example includes a sealed casing 10 including an ammonia section 25, an electric shutter 18b at the lower end, a unit ventilation device 18a for exhausting air to the outside, and the ventilation. The suction member 12 provided on the suction side of the device and the leak detector 20 are configured.
The leak detector 20 is activated simultaneously with the occurrence of an ammonia leak accident, and a safety system (not shown) (see FIG. 5) provided in the vicinity of the casing 10 is activated with a slight time lag thereafter. The ventilator is provided with an adsorbing member 12 for high-concentration ammonia gas leaked out of the casing 10 during the slight operation delay time, although safety measures for stopping the refrigerator and operating the scrubber 55 are taken. The concentration is reduced by 18a and diffused in the atmosphere to prevent the problem of odor due to the high concentration ammonia gas released during the time delay.
[0027]
In other words, the ventilation device 18a for unit ventilation for the purpose of suppressing the rise in the internal temperature of the casing 10 due to outside air intrusion heat or mechanical heat generation stops the refrigerator at the same time as the operation of the leak detector 20, and the ventilation device 18a stops and the casing 10 is completely Sealed. However, as described above, a high-concentration leaked gas may flow out to the outside even when the alarm 53 is activated. Thus, by adsorbing the high concentration ammonia gas to the low concentration (for example, 25 ppm or less) by the adsorbing member 12, the concentration decrease due to atmospheric diffusion becomes a synergistic effect and the off-flavor problem can be solved.
The adsorbing member 12 is a felt-shaped member made of the adsorbent A and having a thickness of about 3 mm.
[0028]
Suitable adsorbents include adsorbent A made of ammonia-absorbing fiber made of the ion exchange resin, adsorbent B made of ion-exchange fiber, adsorbent C made of crushed activated carbon, and the like. The outline is as follows.
1. Adsorbent A;
It is a kind of ion exchange resin and can be regenerated 100% with 0.7% acetic acid aqueous solution. Its characteristic is that it can be processed into non-woven fabrics, yarns, etc., and has an adsorption performance 5 to 20 times that of granular activated carbon or fibrous activated carbon. In addition, although reproduction | regeneration by ventilation is possible, it cannot apply in the case of this invention.
2, adsorbent B;
An anion-containing fiber that is adsorbed by a chemical reaction. As its features,
Non-woven fabric type is suitable for low-concentration ammonia gas adsorption, and mat-type is suitable for high-concentration ammonia gas adsorption. In the former case, the adsorbability is improved or regenerated more intermittently with 5-10% dilute sulfuric acid. There is also.
3, adsorbent C;
The chemical adsorption property by weak acid is attached to the physical adsorption property by the porosity of coconut shell activated carbon. As its characteristics, acid is attached and it adapts to various uses.
In addition, compared with the adsorbent A, the amount of adsorption at a high concentration is small and the amount of change is also small.
[0029]
For the above three types of adsorbents,
We compared the performance of static adsorption amount, absorption rate (intake side concentration / exhaust side concentration), reaction rate (adsorbent transit time), uniformity, reproducibility, processability, and price. It was found that the adsorbents A, C, and B were in this order.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
With the above configuration, the ammonia refrigerating machine for air conditioning, which is a fully automatic unit aimed at lowering the risk rate of occurrence of a serious leakage accident, uses an adsorbent method that can implement a small amount of leakage countermeasures outside the casing of the present invention. The configuration of the abatement device can greatly improve the odor problem to the surrounding area.
In addition, a small amount of continuous leakage due to corrosion in the casing can be corrected at the initial stage because the detection function of the leakage detector is high.
Even when the amount of leakage is large, the amount of leakage to the outside can be reduced by the highly airtight casing and the function of reducing the pressure in the apparatus by the automatic stop function.
In addition, if ammonia gas leaks to the outside, it can be treated with a full-scale safety system abatement system using a watering system or a scrubber system to ensure safety to the surrounding area.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a reference example of a simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a basic configuration example of a simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a first embodiment of a simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a reference example of a simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a safety system for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator that is a conventional fully automatic unit.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Casing 11 Ventilation fan 12 Adsorption member 13 Duct 14 High concentration intake gas 15 Low concentration exhaust gas 16 Diffusion air flow 18a Ventilation device 18b Electric shutter 20 Leak detector 25 Ammonia compartment

Claims (5)

It has a sealed casing that separates and encloses the section through which the ammonia refrigerant of the ammonia refrigerator passes,
A ventilation fan provided with an ammonia adsorbent is provided in the casing, and the configuration is configured to remove the leaked ammonia gas by dynamic contact,
A leak detector is installed on the discharge side of the ventilation fan equipped with the adsorbent, which detects the concentration of the air blown by the adsorbent and suppresses the occurrence of an alarm due to an instantaneous increase in concentration. A simple ammonia abatement device for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerating machine, characterized in that a detector is activated to generate an alarm in the event of a failure.   2. A simple ammonia for an ammonia refrigerating machine for air conditioning according to claim 1, wherein a duct connected to the ventilation fan provided with the adsorbent is provided in the casing, and the inside of the casing is diffused and circulated to reduce the concentration of leaked ammonia. Abatement equipment. 2. The simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent is made of felt-like fibers made of an ion exchange resin . 2. The simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent is formed in a mat shape from ion exchange fibers . 2. The simple ammonia abatement apparatus for an air-conditioning ammonia refrigerator according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent is composed of a porous member made of crushed activated carbon .

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