JP4169118B2

JP4169118B2 - Paddy field management system

Info

Publication number: JP4169118B2
Application number: JP28325598A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 多毅喜; 井昌之藤
Original assignee: Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 1998-09-18
Filing date: 1998-09-18
Publication date: 2008-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 2018-09-18
Also published as: JP2000096545A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は例えば水稲などの作物を栽培する水田の水を管理する水田管理システムに関する。
【０００２】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、特開平７−６４６５０号公報に示す如く、水田の水量及び水温を検出して適正な水量及び水温を自動的に維持する技術があるが、水田の排水を河川に無制限に流出させているから、水田の肥料または薬剤などが排水と共に河川に流出し易く、環境保全並びに節水などを容易に図り得ない等の問題がある。また、肥料の流出によって施肥量の低減並びに施肥作業の省力化などを容易に行い得ず、水及び肥料の有効利用並びに排水環境維持などを容易に図り得ない等の問題がある。
【０００３】
【課題を解決するための手段】
【０００４】
請求項１に係る発明は、水田の水を河川に流出させる排水路に排水浄化施設を備え、水田の水を制御する水田管理システムにおいて、水田からの排水を水田に再供給させる水路切換装置を排水浄化装置の給水側に設けたもので、水田から河川に排出される肥料または薬剤を容易に低減し得、水田排水に含まれる有機汚濁並びに窒素及び燐などを容易に削減し得、河川の環境保全並びに水田排水の再利用による節水などを容易に図り得る。浄化前の排水を水田に戻すことにより、節水によって水不足を容易に防止し得、また排水温によって水田の温度低下を容易に防止し得、排水の再利用によって干ばつまたは冷害などによる稲の成育不良を容易に低減し得るものである。
【０００５】
請求項２に係る発明は、水田排水の水質を検出する水質検知手段を水路切換装置の上流側に設け、水質検知手段の検出結果に基づき水路切換装置を自動的に切換えるように構成したもので、水田排水に含まれている窒素または燐などの栄養分を排水の循環によって水田に再供給し得、稲などの成育に必要な栄養分を確保し乍ら肥料の使用量を容易に低減し得、また排水の循環によって水田の自然浄化を活用し得、施肥及び排水浄化の経費削減または省力化などを容易に図り得るものである。
【０００６】
請求項３に係る発明は、水田に必要な稲育成水量と水路切換装置の循環水量とに基づき、水源から取込む補充水量を自動制御するように構成したもので、稲の吸収及び自然蒸発などによる不足分だけを水源から補うから、水源からの給水量を低減して河川などの自然流水量を容易に確保し得ると共に、排水の循環によって水田給水側の栄養不足並びに水田排水側の栄養過多などを容易に防止し得、水田全域に栄養分を均等に供給して栄養過不足による成育むら等を容易に防止し得るものである。
【０００７】
請求項４に係る発明は、水田からの排水中に含まれる作物栄養分を水質検知手段によって検出して水路切換装置を自動制御するように構成したもので、水田排水中の栄養分の多少を判断して排水を循環させたり排出し得、水田に供給する栄養分を排水循環または排出によって容易に調節し得、施肥管理の簡略化などを容易に図り得るものである。
【０００８】
請求項５に係る発明は、水田内の作物の含有栄養分を検出する作物検知手段を設け、作物検知手段の検出結果に基づき作物を水田別に区別して排水浄化装置の給水側から水田排水を水田に自動的に戻すように構成したもので、作物の栄養過不足を判断して排水を循環させ得、水田を特定して排水循環による栄養補給を行い得、施肥効率の向上並びに排水浄化作業の簡略化などを容易に図り得るものである。
【０００９】
請求項６に係る発明は、作物検知手段の検出結果に基づき区別した水田に排水を戻すときに他の水田の給水を自動的に中止させるように構成したもので、複数の水田に兼用する給水路を介して特定の水田に排水を循環させ得、例えば水源からの給水を行うことなく必要な給水量を容易に確保し得ると共に、複数水田の作物を均一に成育させて水田間の収穫量の差を容易に低減し得るものである。
【００１０】
請求項７に係る発明は、排水浄化装置の下流側に排水路切換手段及び排水質検知手段を設け、排水浄化装置からの排水が不適正水質のときに循環させて自動的に再浄化させるように構成したもので、水田からの排水量の変化、並びに水田排水の水質変化、並びに浄化装置の浄化力の経時的変化などに対し、浄化装置から河川に放水する排水の水質を一定規準以上に容易に維持し得、排水浄化作業の簡略化及び省力化並びに排水浄化コスト低減などを容易に図り得るものである。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。図１は全体の説明図、図２は制御系統図であり、河川または池などの水源（１）の水を給水路（２）に送出させる水源局（３）と、前記給水路（２）の水を複数の水田（４）各別に取込む複数の給水局（５）と、複数の水田（４）の水を排水路（６）に各別に排出させる複数の排水局（７）と、前記排水路（６）の水を河川（８）に流出させる最終排水路（９）に設置させる浄化装置（１０）と、前記水源局（３）及び給水局（５）及び排水局（７）及び浄化装置（１０）と中央局（１１）とを中継する水田局（１２）を設けるもので、浄化装置（１０）を共用する複数の水田（４）を１ブロックとして水田局（１２）を設けて各水田（４）の水管理を行うように構成している。
【００１２】
また、送受信機（１３）に中央コントローラ（１４）を前記中央局（１１）に備え、水田局（１２）の送信データを受信して水田の水位等を決定し、水源及び給水及び排水及び浄化の各制御信号を水田局（１２）に送信して各局（３）（５）（７）（１０）を遠隔的に自動制御するように構成している。なお、中央局（１１）と水田局（１２）の距離が約１キロメートル以内のときは送受信機（１３）として小電力無線機を使用し、それ以外の遠距離のときは商用電話回線を使用してデータ及び制御信号の送受信を行わせる。
【００１３】
また、送受信機（１５）と、水源コントローラ（１６）と、送水用水源ポンプ（１７）を、前記水源局（３）に備え、中央局（１１）が決定した水田水位に基づき水源ポンプ（１７）を駆動して水田（４）に必要な水量を給水路（２）に供給するように構成している。
【００１４】
さらに、各水田（４）単位で給水局（５）及び排水局（７）を設けるもので、送受信機（１８）と、給水コントローラ（１９）と、給水温を検知する水温計（２０）と、給水装置を形成する給水バルブ（２１）を、前記給水局（５）に備え、中央局（１１）で決定された水位になるように給水バルブ（２１）を自動制御して各水田（４）に給水すると共に、送受信機（２２）と、排水コントローラ（２３）と、水位計（２４）と、水温計（２５）と、排水バルブ（２６）を備え、水田（４）の水位を水位計（２４）によって検知し、かつ水田（４）の水温を水温計（２５）によって検知し、中央局（１１）で決定された水位になるように排水バルブ（２６）を自動制御し、各水田（４）から排水するように構成している。なお、隣接する複数の水田（４）のいずれか１つの基準となる水田（４）の給水温及び排水温を検知して各水田（４）の水温データとしてもよい。
【００１５】
さらに、送受信機（２７）と、水田コントローラ（２８）と、気温を検知する気温計（２９）と、地盤面または地中の温度を検知する地温計（３０）と、日照時間を計測する日照計（３１）と、前記給水路（２）の瞬時流水量及び積算流水量を計測する流量計（３２）と、基準水田（４）の稲の含有栄養分（窒素または燐など）を葉緑素の光学検出などによって計測する作物計（３３）を、前記水田局（１２）に備え、中央局（１１）と各局（３）（５）（７）（１０）とのデータ及び制御信号の中継並びに各水田（４）データの計測と中央局（１１）への送信を水田局（１２）によって行い、浄化装置（１０）を設置する地域単位で水田の水管理に伴う各種制御を行わせるように構成している。
【００１６】
さらに、送受信機（３４）と、浄化コントローラ（３５）と、浄化装置（１０）の給水側で水質（窒素及び燐などの含有量）を検知する未処理水質計（３６）と、浄化装置（１０）の給水側を給水路（２）の最上流に接続させる循環水路（３７）と、前記排水路（６）から最終排水路（９）に流下した排水を浄化装置（１０）または循環水路（３７）に選択排出させる未処理バルブ（３８）と、循環水路（３７）の排水を給水路（２）に圧送させる送水用循環ポンプ（３９）を、浄化装置（１０）に備え、前記排水路（６）及び最終排水路（９）を介して水田（４）の排水を浄化装置（１０）に流下させて浄化後の排水を河川（８）に放出させると共に、最終排水路（９）に流入する排水に含まれる窒素及び燐などの栄養分（残留肥料）を未処理水質計（３６）によって計測させ、該水質計（３６）の検出結果並びに水田局（１２）の作物計（３３）の検出結果に基づき、未処理バルブ（３８）を循環水路（３７）側に切換え、循環ポンプ（３９）を作動させ、排水路（６）（９）からの排水を循環水路（３７）を介して給水路（２）の最上流側に戻し、水田（４）に再供給するように構成している。
【００１７】
上記から明らかなように、水田（４）の水を制御する水田管理システムにおいて、水田（４）の水を河川（８）に流出させる排水路（６）（９）に排水浄化施設である浄化装置（１０）を設け、水田（４）から河川（８）に排出される肥料または薬剤を低減させ、水田（４）排水に含まれる有機汚濁並びに窒素及び燐などを削減させ、河川（８）の環境保全並びに水田（４）排水の再利用による節水などを図ると共に、水田（４）からの排水を水田（４）に再供給させる水路切換装置である未処理バルブ（３８）を排水浄化装置（１０）の給水側に設け、浄化前の排水を水田（４）に戻すことにより、節水によって水不足を防止し、また排水温によって水田（４）の温度低下を防止し、排水の再利用によって干ばつまたは冷害などによる稲の成育不良を低減させるように構成している。
【００１８】
また、水田（４）排水の水質を検出する水質検知手段である未処理水質計（３６）を未処理バルブ（３８）の上流側に設け、未処理水質計（３６）の検出結果に基づき未処理バルブ（３８）を自動的に切換え、水田（４）排水に含まれている窒素または燐などの栄養分を排水の循環によって水田（４）に再供給させ、稲などの成育に必要な栄養分を確保し乍ら肥料の使用量を低減させ、また排水の循環によって水田の自然浄化を活用し、施肥及び排水浄化の経費削減または省力化などを図ると共に、水田（４）に必要な稲育成水量と未処理バルブ（３８）の循環水量とに基づき、水源（１）から取込む補充水量を自動制御し、稲の吸収及び自然蒸発などによる不足分だけを水源（１）から補い、水源（１）からの給水量を低減して河川（８）などの自然流水量を確保すると共に、排水の循環によって水田（４）給水側の栄養不足並びに水田（４）排水側の栄養過多などを防止し、水田（４）全域に栄養分を均等に供給して栄養過不足による成育むら等を防止するように構成している。
【００１９】
また、水田（４）からの排水中に含まれる作物栄養分を未処理水質計（３６）によって検出して未処理バルブ（３８）を自動制御し、水田（４）排水中の栄養分の多少を判断して排水を循環させたり排出させ、水田（４）に供給する栄養分を排水循環または排出によって調節し、施肥管理の簡略化などを図ると共に、水田（４）内の作物（稲）の含有栄養分を検出する作物検知手段である作物計（３３）を設け、作物計（３３）の検出結果に基づき作物（稲）を水田（４）別に区別して排水浄化装置（１０）の給水側から水田（４）排水を水田（４）に自動的に戻し、作物（稲）の栄養過不足を判断して排水を循環させ、水田（４）を特定して排水循環による栄養補給を行い、施肥効率の向上並びに排水浄化作業の簡略化などを図る一方、作物計（３３）の検出結果に基づき区別した水田（４）に排水を戻すときに他の水田（４）の給水を自動的に中止させ、複数の水田（４）に兼用する給水路（２）を介して特定の水田（４）に排水を循環させ、例えば水源（１）からの給水を行うことなく必要な給水量を確保できると共に、複数水田（４）の作物（稲）を均一に成育させて水田（４）間の収穫量の差を低減させるように構成している。なお、前記作物計（３３）は、光学分析によって稲の葉緑素濃度を測定して稲の窒素含有量を検出したり、スペクトル分析によって燐酸濃度を検出し、窒素または燐などの栄養分の保有量を水田（４）別に作物（稲）サンプルから計測する。
【００２０】
さらに、前記浄化装置（１０）の排水側で水質（窒素または燐などの含有量）を検知する処理水質計（４０）と、浄化装置（１０）の排水側を給水側に接続させる還元水路（４１）と、浄化装置（１０）から最終排出路（９）に流下した排水を河川（８）または還元水路（４１）に選択排出させる処理バルブ（４２）と、還元水路（４１）の排水を浄化装置（１０）の給水側に圧送させる還元ポンプ（４３）を、浄化装置（１０）に備え、水田（４）排水を浄化装置（１０）に循環させると共に、還元ポンプ（４３）下流側の還元水路（４１）を循環水路（３７）に選択接続させる切換バルブ（４４）を、浄化装置（１０）に備え、浄化装置（１０）排水側を各バルブ（４２）（４４）及び還元ポンプ（４３）を介して循環水路（３７）に接続させ、浄化後の排水を給水路（２）最上手に戻して水田（４）の給水不足を補うように構成している。
【００２１】
上記から明らかなように、排水浄化装置（１０）の下流側に排水路切換手段である処理バルブ（４２）及び排水質検知手段である処理水質計（４０）を設け、排水浄化装置（１０）からの排水が不適正水質のときに循環させて自動的に再浄化させ、水田（４）からの排水量の変化、並びに水田（４）排水の水質変化、並びに浄化装置（１０）の浄化力の経時的変化などに対し、浄化装置（１０）から河川（８）に放水する排水の水質を一定規準以上に維持させ、排水浄化作業の簡略化及び省力化並びに排水浄化コスト低減などを図るように構成している。
【００２２】
【発明の効果】
【００２３】
以上実施例から明らかなように、請求項１に係る発明は、水田（４）の水を河川（８）に流出させる排水路（６）（９）に排水浄化施設（１０）を備え、水田（４）の水を制御する水田管理システムにおいて、水田（４）からの排水を水田（４）に再供給させる水路切換装置（３８）を排水浄化装置（１０）の給水側に設けたもので、水田（４）から河川（８）に排出される肥料または薬剤を容易に低減でき、水田（４）排水に含まれる有機汚濁並びに窒素及び燐などを容易に削減でき、河川（８）の環境保全並びに水田（４）排水の再利用による節水などを容易に図ることができる。浄化前の排水を水田（４）に戻すことにより、節水によって水不足を容易に防止でき、また排水温によって水田（４）の温度低下を容易に防止でき、排水の再利用によって干ばつまたは冷害などによる稲の成育不良を容易に低減できるものである。
【００２４】
請求項２に係る発明は、水田（４）排水の水質を検出する水質検知手段（３６）を水路切換装置（３８）の上流側に設け、水質検知手段（３６）の検出結果に基づき水路切換装置（３８）を自動的に切換えるように構成したもので、水田（４）排水に含まれている窒素または燐などの栄養分を排水の循環によって水田（４）に再供給でき、稲などの成育に必要な栄養分を確保し乍ら肥料の使用量を容易に低減でき、また排水の循環によって水田の自然浄化を活用でき、施肥及び排水浄化の経費削減または省力化などを容易に図ることができるものである。
【００２５】
請求項３に係る発明は、水田（４）に必要な稲育成水量と水路切換装置（３８）の循環水量とに基づき、水源（１）から取込む補充水量を自動制御するように構成したもので、稲の吸収及び自然蒸発などによる不足分だけを水源（１）から補うから、水源（１）からの給水量を低減して河川（８）などの自然流水量を容易に確保できると共に、排水の循環によって水田（４）給水側の栄養不足並びに水田（４）排水側の栄養過多などを容易に防止でき、水田（４）全域に栄養分を均等に供給して栄養過不足による成育むら等を容易に防止できるものである。
【００２６】
請求項４に係る発明は、水田（４）からの排水中に含まれる作物栄養分を水質検知手段（３６）によって検出して水路切換装置（３８）を自動制御するように構成したもので、水田（４）排水中の栄養分の多少を判断して排水を循環させたり排出でき、水田（４）に供給する栄養分を排水循環または排出によって容易に調節でき、施肥管理の簡略化などを容易に図ることができるものである。
【００２７】
請求項５に係る発明は、水田（４）内の作物の含有栄養分を検出する作物検知手段（３３）を設け、作物検知手段（３３）の検出結果に基づき作物を水田（４）別に区別して排水浄化装置（１０）の給水側から水田（４）排水を水田（４）に自動的に戻すように構成したもので、作物の栄養過不足を判断して排水を循環させることができ、水田（４）を特定して排水循環による栄養補給を行うことができ、施肥効率の向上並びに排水浄化作業の簡略化などを容易に図ることができるものである。
【００２８】
請求項６に係る発明は、作物検知手段（３３）の検出結果に基づき区別した水田（４）に排水を戻すときに他の水田（４）の給水を自動的に中止させるように構成したもので、複数の水田（４）に兼用する給水路（２）を介して特定の水田（４）に排水を循環させることができ、例えば水源（１）からの給水を行うことなく必要な給水量を容易に確保できると共に、複数水田（４）の作物を均一に成育させて水田（４）間の収穫量の差を容易に低減できるものである。
【００２９】
請求項７に係る発明は、排水浄化装置（１０）の下流側に排水路切換手段（４２）及び排水質検知手段（４０）を設け、排水浄化装置（１０）からの排水が不適正水質のときに循環させて自動的に再浄化させるように構成したもので、水田（４）からの排水量の変化、並びに水田（４）排水の水質変化、並びに浄化装置（１０）の浄化力の経時的変化などに対し、浄化装置（１０）から河川（８）に放水する排水の水質を一定規準以上に容易に維持でき、排水浄化作業の簡略化及び省力化並びに排水浄化コスト低減などを容易に図ることができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】全体の説明図である。
【図２】全体の制御系統図である。
【符号の説明】
（１）水源
（４）水田
（６）排水路
（８）河川
（９）最終排水路
（１０）浄化装置（排水浄化施設）
（３３）作物計（作物検知手段）
（３６）未処理水質計（水質検知手段）
（３８）未処理バルブ（水路切換装置）
（４０）処理水質計（排水質検知手段）
（４２）処理バルブ（排水路切換手段）[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a paddy field management system that manages the water of a paddy field that cultivates crops such as paddy rice.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-64650, there is a technology for automatically detecting the amount and temperature of paddy fields and automatically maintaining the appropriate amount and temperature. Therefore, there is a problem that fertilizers or chemicals of paddy fields are likely to flow into the river together with drainage, and environmental conservation and water saving cannot be easily achieved. In addition, there is a problem that the fertilizer outflow cannot easily reduce the amount of fertilizer application and save labor for fertilization work, and cannot easily use water and fertilizer and maintain the drainage environment.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0004]
The invention which concerns on Claim 1 equips the drainage channel which flows the water of a paddy field into a river, has a drainage purification facility, and is a paddy field management system which controls the water of a paddy field. which was provided on the water supply side of the drain cleaning apparatus, and easily reduced fertilizer or agent is discharged from the paddy fields in rivers obtained, such as organic pollution and nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the paddy fields drained easily reduced resulting, rivers Environmental conservation and water saving by reusing paddy drainage can be easily achieved. By returning the wastewater before purification to the paddy field, water shortage can be easily prevented by saving water, and the temperature of the paddy field can be easily prevented by drainage temperature, and the poor growth of rice due to drought or cold damage due to reuse of wastewater. Can be easily reduced.
[0005]
The invention according to claim 2 is configured such that water quality detection means for detecting the water quality of paddy drainage is provided upstream of the water channel switching device, and the water channel switching device is automatically switched based on the detection result of the water quality detection device. , Nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus contained in paddy drainage can be re-supplied to the paddy field by drainage circulation, ensuring nutrients necessary for the growth of rice, etc., and reducing the amount of fertilizer used easily In addition, natural purification of paddy fields can be utilized by the circulation of drainage, and it is possible to easily reduce costs or save labor for fertilization and drainage purification.
[0006]
The invention according to claim 3 is configured to automatically control the amount of replenishing water taken from the water source based on the amount of rice growing water necessary for the paddy field and the circulating water amount of the water channel switching device. Therefore, the water supply from the water source can be reduced to reduce the amount of water supply from the water source, so that it is easy to secure natural water flow such as rivers. Can be easily prevented, and nutrients can be evenly supplied to the entire paddy field, thereby preventing growth unevenness due to overnutrition.
[0007]
The invention according to claim 4 is configured to automatically control the water channel switching device by detecting the crop nutrient contained in the drainage from the paddy field by the water quality detection means, and judges the amount of the nutrient in the paddy drainage. Thus, the wastewater can be circulated and discharged, and the nutrients supplied to the paddy field can be easily adjusted by the drainage circulation or discharge, so that the fertilization management can be simplified.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 5 is provided with a crop detection means for detecting the nutrient content of the crop in the paddy field, and distinguishes the crop by paddy field based on the detection result of the crop detection means, and the paddy drainage from the water supply side of the drainage purification device to the paddy field It is configured to return automatically, can judge the overnutrition of crops and circulate drainage, can identify paddy fields and supply nutrients by drainage circulation, improve fertilization efficiency and simplify drainage purification work It can be easily achieved.
[0009]
The invention which concerns on Claim 6 is comprised so that the water supply of another paddy field may be automatically stopped when returning drainage to the paddy field distinguished based on the detection result of the crop detection means. Drainage can be circulated to a specific paddy field through the road, for example, it is possible to easily secure the required water supply amount without supplying water from the water source, and the crops between the paddy fields can be grown uniformly by growing crops of multiple paddy fields. This difference can be easily reduced.
[0010]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the drainage switching means and the drainage quality detection means are provided on the downstream side of the drainage purification apparatus, and the drainage from the drainage purification apparatus is circulated and automatically repurified when the drainage quality is inappropriate. The water quality of the drainage discharged from the purification device to the river is easily above a certain standard in response to changes in the amount of drainage from paddy fields, changes in the quality of paddy drainage, and changes in the purification power of the purification device over time. Therefore, simplification and labor saving of drainage purification work and reduction of drainage purification cost can be easily achieved.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory diagram, and FIG. 2 is a control system diagram. A water source station (3) for sending water from a water source (1) such as a river or a pond to a water supply channel (2), and the water supply channel (2) A plurality of water supply stations (5) that individually take water from each of a plurality of paddy fields (4), a plurality of drainage stations (7) that discharge the water from a plurality of paddy fields (4) to a drainage channel (6), and A purification device (10) installed in a final drainage channel (9) for draining water from the drainage channel (6) to a river (8), the water source station (3), a water supply station (5), and a drainage station (7) And a paddy station (12) that relays between the purification device (10) and the central station (11). A plurality of paddy fields (4) that share the purification device (10) are defined as one block. It is configured to perform water management for each paddy field (4).
[0012]
The transmitter / receiver (13) includes a central controller (14) in the central station (11), receives transmission data from the paddy station (12), determines the water level of the paddy field, etc., and supplies water, water supply, drainage, and purification. The control signals are transmitted to the paddy field station (12) to remotely and automatically control the stations (3), (5), (7), and (10). When the distance between the central office (11) and the paddy station (12) is within about 1 km, use a low-power radio as the transceiver (13), and use a commercial telephone line for other distances. Thus, transmission and reception of data and control signals are performed.
[0013]
The transmitter / receiver (15), the water source controller (16), and the water source water source pump (17) are provided in the water source station (3), and the water source pump (17 ) Is driven to supply the water quantity required for the paddy field (4) to the water supply channel (2).
[0014]
In addition, each paddy field (4) is provided with a water supply station (5) and a drainage station (7), a transceiver (18), a water supply controller (19), and a water temperature meter (20) for detecting the water supply temperature. The water supply valve (21) forming the water supply device is provided in the water supply station (5), and the water supply valve (21) is automatically controlled so as to reach the water level determined by the central station (11). ), A transmitter / receiver (22), a drainage controller (23), a water level gauge (24), a water temperature gauge (25), a drainage valve (26), and the water level of the paddy field (4) And the water temperature of the paddy field (4) is detected by the water temperature gauge (25), and the drain valve (26) is automatically controlled so that the water level determined by the central office (11) is obtained. It is configured to drain from the paddy field (4). In addition, it is good also as water temperature data of each paddy field (4) by detecting the water supply temperature and drainage temperature of the paddy field (4) used as the reference | standard of any one of several adjacent paddy fields (4).
[0015]
Furthermore, a transceiver (27), a paddy field controller (28), a thermometer (29) for detecting the temperature, a geothermometer (30) for detecting the temperature of the ground surface or the ground, and sunshine for measuring the sunshine time Chlorophyllite (31), flow meter (32) for measuring the instantaneous flow and integrated flow of water in the water supply channel (2), and nutrients contained in the rice (4) in the standard paddy field (4) The paddy station (12) has a crop meter (33) to be measured by detection, etc., and relays data and control signals between the central station (11) and each station (3) (5) (7) (10) and each The paddy field (4) measures the data and transmits it to the central station (11) by the paddy field station (12), and performs various controls associated with the water management of the paddy field in the region where the purification device (10) is installed. is doing.
[0016]
Furthermore, a transmitter / receiver (34), a purification controller (35), an untreated water quality meter (36) for detecting water quality (contents such as nitrogen and phosphorus) on the water supply side of the purification device (10), and a purification device ( 10) a circulating water channel (37) for connecting the water supply side to the uppermost stream of the water supply channel (2), and a purifier (10) or a circulating water channel for draining water that has flowed down from the drain channel (6) to the final drain channel (9). The purification device (10) includes an unprocessed valve (38) that is selectively discharged by (37) and a water supply circulation pump (39) that pumps the drainage of the circulation channel (37) to the water supply channel (2). The drainage of the paddy field (4) is allowed to flow down to the purification device (10) through the channel (6) and the final drainage channel (9) to discharge the purified wastewater to the river (8), and the final drainage channel (9) Nutrients (residual fertilizer) such as nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the wastewater flowing into Based on the result of detection by the water quality meter (36) and the detection result of the water quality meter (36) and the result of detection by the crop meter (33) of the paddy field station (12), the untreated valve (38) is connected to the circulating water channel (37) side. , The circulation pump (39) is operated, and the drainage from the drainage channels (6) and (9) is returned to the uppermost stream side of the water supply channel (2) through the circulation channel (37) and returned to the paddy field (4). It is configured to supply.
[0017]
As is clear from the above, in the paddy field management system that controls the water in the paddy field (4), the drainage channel (6) (9) that drains the water in the paddy field (4) to the river (8) is a purification that is a drainage purification facility. A device (10) is provided to reduce fertilizer or chemicals discharged from the paddy field (4) to the river (8), to reduce organic pollution and nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the paddy field (4) drainage, and to the river (8) Water conservation by reusing wastewater from the paddy field (4) and the untreated valve (38), which is a water channel switching device for resupplying the wastewater from the paddy field (4) to the paddy field (4), By providing the water supply side of (10) and returning the wastewater before purification to the paddy field (4), water shortage is prevented by saving water, and the temperature of the paddy field (4) is prevented from lowering by the drainage temperature. Rice plants caused by drought or cold damage It is configured to reduce education failure.
[0018]
In addition, an untreated water quality meter (36), which is a water quality detection means for detecting the water quality of the paddy field (4), is provided on the upstream side of the untreated valve (38), and based on the detection result of the untreated water quality meter (36). The processing valve (38) is automatically switched, and nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus contained in the paddy field (4) drainage are re-supplied to the paddy field (4) through the circulation of drainage, and the nutrients necessary for the growth of rice etc. are supplied. Reduce the amount of fertilizer used, and use natural purification of paddy fields by drainage circulation to reduce fertilization and drainage purification costs or save labor, and the amount of rice growing water required for paddy fields (4) And the amount of recirculated water from the untreated valve (38), the amount of replenished water taken from the water source (1) is automatically controlled, and only the shortage due to rice absorption and natural evaporation is compensated from the water source (1). ) Reduce water supply from the river (8) Assure the amount of natural water flow and prevent nutrient deficiencies on the paddy field (4) water supply side and overnutrition on the paddy field (4) drainage side by circulating the drainage, and supply nutrients evenly throughout the paddy field (4) It is configured to prevent growth unevenness due to overnutrition.
[0019]
In addition, crop nutrients contained in the drainage from the paddy field (4) are detected by the untreated water quality meter (36) and the untreated valve (38) is automatically controlled to determine the amount of nutrients in the paddy field (4) drainage. The wastewater is circulated and discharged, and the nutrients supplied to the paddy field (4) are adjusted by drainage circulation or discharge to simplify fertilizer management and the nutrients contained in the crop (rice) in the paddy field (4) A crop meter (33) as a crop detection means for detecting water is provided. Based on the detection result of the crop meter (33), the crop (rice) is classified by paddy field (4) and the paddy field (10) is separated from the water supply side of the drainage purification device (10). 4) Drainage is automatically returned to the paddy field (4), and the drainage is circulated after judging the overnutrition of the crop (rice), and the paddy field (4) is identified and replenished with drainage circulation to improve fertilization efficiency. While improving and simplifying wastewater purification work, A water supply channel (2) that automatically stops the water supply of other paddy fields (4) when the drainage is returned to the paddy fields (4) distinguished based on the detection result of the meter (33), and is also used as a plurality of paddy fields (4) Circulates wastewater to a specific paddy field (4) through the water supply, for example, it is possible to secure the required water supply amount without supplying water from the water source (1), and to uniformly grow crops (rice) in multiple paddy fields (4) It is made to reduce and the difference of the harvest amount between paddy fields (4) is constituted. The crop counter (33) measures the chlorophyll concentration of rice by optical analysis to detect the nitrogen content of rice, or detects the phosphoric acid concentration by spectral analysis to determine the amount of nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus. Measure from crop (rice) samples separately for paddy fields (4).
[0020]
Furthermore, a treated water quality meter (40) for detecting the water quality (content of nitrogen or phosphorus) on the drain side of the purification device (10), and a reduction channel for connecting the drain side of the purification device (10) to the water supply side ( 41), a processing valve (42) for selectively discharging the drainage water flowing down from the purification device (10) to the final discharge channel (9) into the river (8) or the reduction channel (41), and the drainage of the reduction channel (41). The purification device (10) is provided with a reduction pump (43) that is pumped to the water supply side of the purification device (10), and the paddy (4) drainage is circulated to the purification device (10), and at the downstream side of the reduction pump (43). The purification device (10) is provided with a switching valve (44) for selectively connecting the reduction water channel (41) to the circulation water channel (37), and the drainage side of the purification device (10) is connected to the valves (42) (44) and the reduction pump ( 43) through the circulation channel (37) Is allowed to constitute the waste water after purification as the water supply passage (2) with top skillfully back supplement the water supply shortage of paddy (4).
[0021]
As is clear from the above, a treatment valve (42) that is a drainage channel switching means and a treatment water quality meter (40) that is a wastewater quality detection means are provided on the downstream side of the wastewater purification device (10), and the wastewater purification device (10). When the wastewater from the river is inadequate water quality, it is circulated and automatically repurified, the change in the amount of drainage from the paddy field (4), the water quality change in the paddy field (4), and the purification power of the purification device (10) To maintain the quality of the wastewater discharged from the purification device (10) to the river (8) above a certain standard against changes over time, simplifying wastewater purification work, saving labor, and reducing wastewater purification costs. It is composed.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
[0023]
As is apparent from the above embodiments, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with a drainage purification facility (10) in the drainage channels (6) and (9) through which the water of the paddy field (4) flows into the river (8). In the paddy field management system for controlling the water of (4), a water channel switching device (38) for resupplying the drainage from the paddy field (4) to the paddy field (4) is provided on the water supply side of the drainage purification device (10). The fertilizer or chemicals discharged from the paddy field (4) into the river (8) can be easily reduced, the organic pollution contained in the drainage of the paddy field (4), nitrogen and phosphorus can be easily reduced, and the environment of the river (8) Conservation and water saving by reuse of paddy field (4) wastewater can be easily achieved. By returning the wastewater before purification to the paddy field (4), water shortage can be easily prevented by saving water, and the temperature drop of the paddy field (4) can be easily prevented by drainage temperature, and reuse of wastewater can be caused by drought or cold damage. It can easily reduce the growth failure of rice.
[0024]
Invention, paddy (4) water quality detection means for detecting the draining of water (36) provided on the upstream side of the water channel switching device (38), waterway change-over on the basis of the detection result of the water quality detection means (36) according to claim 2 It is configured to automatically switch the device (38), and nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus contained in the paddy field (4) drainage can be re-supplied to the paddy field (4) by drainage circulation, so that rice and other growth It is possible to easily reduce the amount of fertilizer used while securing the necessary nutrients for the plant, and to utilize the natural purification of paddy fields through the circulation of drainage, thus making it possible to easily reduce the cost of fertilization and drainage purification or save labor. Is.
[0025]
The invention according to claim 3 is configured to automatically control the amount of supplementary water taken from the water source (1) based on the amount of rice growing water necessary for the paddy field (4) and the amount of circulating water in the water channel switching device (38). Since the shortage due to rice absorption and natural evaporation is compensated from the water source (1), the amount of water supplied from the water source (1) can be reduced, and the amount of natural water flow in the river (8) can be easily secured. The drainage circulation can easily prevent under-nutrition on the paddy field (4) water supply side and over-nutrition on the paddy field (4) drain side, etc., even if the nutrients are evenly supplied throughout the paddy field (4), etc. Can be easily prevented.
[0026]
The invention according to claim 4 is configured to detect crop nutrients contained in the drainage from the paddy field (4) by the water quality detection means (36) and automatically control the water channel switching device (38). (4) The drainage can be circulated and discharged by judging the amount of nutrients in the drainage, and the nutrients supplied to the paddy field (4) can be easily adjusted by the drainage circulation or discharge, facilitating simplification of fertilization management, etc. It is something that can be done.
[0027]
The invention according to claim 5 includes crop detection means (33) for detecting the nutrient content of the crop in the paddy field (4), and distinguishes the crops by paddy field (4) based on the detection result of the crop detection means (33). It is configured to automatically return the paddy field (4) drainage to the paddy field (4) from the water supply side of the drainage purification device (10). (4) can be specified and nutritional replenishment can be performed by drainage circulation, and it is possible to easily improve fertilization efficiency and simplify drainage purification work.
[0028]
The invention which concerns on Claim 6 was comprised so that the water supply of another paddy field (4) might be stopped automatically when returning drainage to the paddy field (4) distinguished based on the detection result of the crop detection means (33) Thus, the drainage can be circulated to the specific paddy field (4) through the water supply channel (2) that also serves as a plurality of paddy fields (4). For example, the necessary water supply amount without supplying water from the water source (1) Can be easily secured, and the crops of the plurality of paddy fields (4) can be grown uniformly to easily reduce the difference in yield between the paddy fields (4).
[0029]
The invention according to claim 7 is provided with a drainage channel switching means (42) and a drainage quality detection means (40) on the downstream side of the drainage purification apparatus (10), and the drainage from the drainage purification apparatus (10) has an inappropriate water quality. Sometimes it is circulated and automatically re-purified. The change in the amount of drainage from the paddy field (4), the water quality change in the paddy field (4), and the purification power of the purification device (10) over time. In response to changes, the quality of the drainage discharged from the purification device (10) to the river (8) can be easily maintained above a certain standard, simplifying wastewater purification work, saving labor, and reducing wastewater purification costs. It is something that can be done.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory diagram.
FIG. 2 is an overall control system diagram.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1) Water source (4) Paddy field (6) Drainage channel (8) River (9) Final drainage channel (10) Purification device (drainage purification facility)
(33) Crop total (Crop detection means)
(36) Untreated water quality meter (water quality detection means)
(38) Untreated valve (water channel switching device)
(40) Treated water quality meter (Drainage quality detection means)
(42) Treatment valve (drainage switching means)

Claims

Equipped with a drainage purification facility in the drainage channel that drains the paddy water into the river, and in the paddy field management system that controls the water in the paddy field, a waterway switching device is provided on the water supply side of the drainage purification device to resupply the drainage from the paddy field to the paddy field. Paddy field management system characterized by that.

The water quality detection means for detecting the water quality of paddy drainage is provided upstream of the water channel switching device, and the water channel switching device is automatically switched based on the detection result of the water quality detection device. Paddy field management system.

The paddy field management system according to claim 1, wherein the paddy field management system is configured to automatically control the amount of replenishment water taken from a water source based on the amount of rice growing water necessary for the paddy field and the circulating water amount of the water channel switching device.

The paddy field management system according to claim 2, wherein the crop nutrient contained in the drainage from the paddy field is detected by water quality detection means to automatically control the water channel switching device.

Crop detection means that detects the nutrient content of the crops in the paddy field is provided, and the crops are classified by paddy field based on the detection result of the crop detection means, and the paddy drainage is automatically returned to the paddy field from the water supply side of the drainage purification device. The paddy field management system according to claim 4 characterized by things.

6. The paddy field management system according to claim 5, wherein water supply to other paddy fields is automatically stopped when drainage is returned to the paddy fields identified based on the detection result of the crop detection means.

Drainage switching means and wastewater quality detection means are provided on the downstream side of the wastewater purification device, and the wastewater from the wastewater purification device is circulated and automatically repurified when the water quality is inappropriate. Paddy field management system.