JP4159010B2 - Mowing blade substrate - Google Patents

Mowing blade substrate Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4159010B2
JP4159010B2 JP25921499A JP25921499A JP4159010B2 JP 4159010 B2 JP4159010 B2 JP 4159010B2 JP 25921499 A JP25921499 A JP 25921499A JP 25921499 A JP25921499 A JP 25921499A JP 4159010 B2 JP4159010 B2 JP 4159010B2
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weight
toughness
steel
less
ductility
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JP2001081530A (en
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昭史 平松
勝之 飯原
勝 藤原
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、延性,靭性,強度及び耐摩耗性に優れた鋼板で作られた草刈刃基板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
草刈機に用いられる草刈刃には、基板及び刃先が同一の鋼板で作られているソリッドソーや、刃先に超硬等を接合したチップソー等がある。何れの草刈刃でも、JIS SK5等の炭素工具鋼,JIS SKS5等の合金工具鋼を基板材として使用している。
草刈刃は、使用時に毎分数千回転で高速回転する。このような高速回転で砂利,石等に接触する環境で使用されることから、切れ味に加えて優れた耐摩耗性が要求される。そこで、草刈刃の基板に使用される従来の鋼板では、焼入れ・焼戻しで43〜48HRC程度の高い硬さ水準に調質することにより、切れ味及び耐摩耗性を確保している。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
高速回転している使用中の草刈刃が石等の障害物に当たると、草刈刃の基板自体が折損し、破片が飛散する虞れがある。基板の折損や破片の飛散は作業者にとって極めて危険なことから、基板の硬さを犠牲にして延性及び靭性を向上させることで安全性を確保している。しかし、草刈刃本来の機能である切れ味を向上させるためには、より高い硬さに調質して耐摩耗性を改善する必要がある。しかも、良好な切れ味を維持し、且つ高い回転数での使用が草刈刃の性能向上から要求されている。高硬度及び高回転数の使用条件下ではより高い安全性が求められ、高い硬さ水準での延性及び靭性を備えている材質の草刈刃基板が必要とされる。
【0004】
従来の草刈刃では熱処理後の平坦度を確保するため、焼戻しの際に400℃程度でプレステンパーが施されている。しかし、延性及び靭性を高めるために成分調整した鋼材にあって必要硬さを得るための焼戻し温度が低くなると、プレステンパーの効果が得られなくなる。また、焼戻し脆性が起こる300℃付近で焼戻しを施すと、鋼材の靭性が大きく劣化することもある。そのため、成分調整した鋼材にあっても、ある程度の焼戻し温度を確保することが必要になる。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、このような要求に応えるべく案出されたものであり、各種合金成分を特定された関係で調整した合金設計により、草刈刃に必要な強度及び耐摩耗性を維持し、且つ400℃程度の焼戻し温度を確保して、平坦度,延性及び靭性に優れた草刈刃用基板を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
本発明の草刈刃用基板は、その目的を達成するため、C:0.5〜0.7重量%,Si:0.5重量%以下,Mn:0.1〜0.6重量%,Cr:0.8重量%以下,Mo:0.5重量%以下,V:0.5重量%以下,Cu:0.5重量%以下,N:0.0005〜0.02重量%,O:0.0005〜0.01重量%,P:0.02重量%以下,S:0.01重量%以下,酸可溶Al:0.10重量%以下を含み残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなる組成をもち、式(1)で定義されるX値が1.0〜2.0の範囲に調整された鋼板で作られていることを特徴とする。
X=C%+0.1×Si%+0.6×Mn%+Cr%+0.5×Mo%+V% ・・・・(1)
この鋼板は、更にNi:0.10〜2.00重量%,Ti:0.01〜0.10重量%,Nb:0.01〜0.20重量%,B:0.0005〜0.01重量%の1種又は2種以上を含むことができる。
【0007】
【作用】
草刈刃用基板に従来から使用されているSK5,SKS5等の鋼材は、強度,耐摩耗性を確保するために0.75重量%以上のCを含有させている。この鋼種の成分及び熱処理が靭性,延性に及ぼす影響を調査した結果、熱処理後の硬さが同じであってもC含有量が低いほど、靭性,延性が向上することが判った。しかし、一方でCは、鋼中で炭化物を形成したい摩耗性を向上させる作用を呈する。また、C量が高い鋼種を熱処理で目標硬さにするには焼戻し温度を高くする必要があり、その結果として焼戻し温度を高める作用もあり、低温焼戻し脆性の温度域を避けることに加え、プレステンパーの硬化を高めることにも有効である。そのため、C含有量を極端に低下することはできない。
また、靭性,延性に及ぼす不純物元素の影響を調査したところ、43〜48HRCに調質した鋼材においては特にN,O,P,Sを低減することにより靭性,延性が向上することが判った。更に、草刈刃としての用途では焼入れ・焼戻しの熱処理が通常施されていることから、焼入れ性の確保が要求される。焼入れ性はMn,Cr,Mo,V等の添加によって向上するが、これら添加成分は靭性,延性に悪影響を及ぼす。
そこで、本発明においては、延性や靭性に悪影響を及ぼすMn,Cr,Mo,V等を過剰添加することなく、Cu,Ni,Bの添加によって焼入れ性を確保するため、C,Si,Mn,Cr,Mo,Vの含有量を因子として前掲の式(1)で特定されるX値を1.0〜2.0の範囲に調整し、プレステンパーの効果を保証している。更に、結晶粒微細化作用をもつAl,Ti,Nb等の元素を添加することによっても、靭性及び延性の改善を図っている。
【0008】
以下、本発明の草刈刃用基板として使用される鋼板に含まれる合金成分,含有量等について説明する。
C:0.5〜0.7重量%
草刈刃用鋼板に必要とされる強度及び耐摩耗性を確保し、草刈刃の切れ味を高める作用を呈する。また、焼戻し温度を高め、プレステンパーによる熱処理後の平坦度を確保するためには、少なくとも0.5重量%以上の添加が必要である。しかし、0.7重量%を超えるC含有量では、熱処理後の炭化物量が増加し、粗大に成長した炭化物が破壊の起点として働くため、延性及び靭性が劣化する。
Si:0.5%重量以下
溶鋼の脱酸剤として添加され、焼戻し軟化抵抗を向上させる上でも有効な合金成分である。しかし、0.5重量%を超える過剰量のSiを添加すると、脱酸生成物であるSiO2が鋼中に残存し、鋼の清浄度を害し、靭性を低下させる。
【0009】
Mn:0.1〜0.6重量%
溶鋼の脱酸に有効であると共に、強度の向上に必要な鋼の焼入れ性及び焼戻し温度を高めるのに有効な合金成分である。これらの効果は、0.1重量%以上のMn含有で顕著になる。しかし、0.6重量%を超える多量のMnを含有させると、延性及び靭性が著しく低下する。
Cr:0.8重量%以下
Mnと同様に、焼入れ性の向上及び焼戻し温度の上昇に有効な合金成分である。しかし、0.8重量%を超えるCr含有量では、亀裂の起点となる未溶解炭化物が多量に生成し易くなる。未溶解炭化物は、亀裂の伝播を助長し、曲げ特性や靭性に悪影響を及ぼす。
【0010】
Mo:0.5重量%以下
Moも、焼入れ性の向上及び焼戻し軟化抵抗の改善に有効な合金成分であり、焼戻し温度を上昇させる作用を呈する。また、Mo添加により、Mn,Crの過剰添加に起因した靭性の劣化が抑えられる。しかし、過剰添加は高価な元素であるMoを多量に添加するばかりか、曲げ特性や靭性にも悪影響を及ぼすので、Mo含有量の上限を0.5重量%に設定した。
V:0.5重量%以下
Cr,Moと同様に焼入れ性及び焼戻し軟化抵抗の改善に有効な合金成分であり、焼戻し温度を高める作用を呈する。しかし、0.5重量%を超える多量のVを添加すると、却って靭性が劣化する。
Cu:0.5重量%以下
良好な焼入れ性を確保すると共に靭性の向上に有効な合金成分である。しかし、0.50重量%を超える多量のCuを添加すると、熱間加工性が損なわれる。
【0011】
N:0.0005〜0.02重量%
鋼中で窒化物となり、組織を微細化させ鋼を強化する作用を呈する合金成分である。Nの添加効果は、0.0005重量%以上で顕著になる。しかし、0.02重量%を超える過剰なNを含ませると、粗大な窒化物が形成され、靭性が劣化する。
O:0.0005〜0.01重量%
Sと同様に鋼中で非金属介在物を形成し、鋼の靭性を低下させる有害元素である。O含有量は低いほど好ましいが、極低酸素レベルまで脱酸することは生産性を低下させ製造コストを上昇させる原因となる。そこで、本発明においては、非金属介在物による悪影響がなく、しかも工業レベルで達成可能な0.0005〜0.01重量%の範囲にO含有量を設定した。
P:0.02重量%以下
焼入時のオーステナイト粒界に偏析し、延性,靭性を劣化させる原因となる成分である。したがって、P含有量は極力低下させることが必要である。本発明では実質的な悪影響を及ぼさない範囲として、P含有量の上限を0.02重量%に規定した。
S:0.01重量%以下
鋼中でMnSを形成して亀裂の起点となりやすく、強度,靭性を低下させる有害成分である。そのため、可能な限りS含有量を下げることが望ましく、本発明では実質的な悪影響を及ぼさない範囲としてS含有量の上限を0.01重量%に設定した。
酸可溶Al:0.10重量%以下
強力な脱酸元素であり、鋼中のO含有量を低減する上で必要な合金成分である。O含有量を0.01重量%以下にするためには、酸可溶Alとして0.01重量%以上のAl含有量が必要である。しかし、0.10重量%を超える多量のAlが含まれると、鋼中に存在する非金属介在物が増加し、衝撃特性等に悪影響を及ぼす。
【0012】
Ni:0.10〜2.00重量%
必要に応じて添加される合金成分、焼入れ性及び靭性の向上に有効である。Niの添加効果は、0.10重量%以上で顕著になり、2.00重量%で飽和する。また、2.00重量%を超えるNi含有量は、高価なNiを多量に消費することから鋼材コストを上昇させる原因になる。
Ti:0.01〜0.10重量%
必要に応じて添加される合金成分であり、Nと結合して窒化物を形成し、高温加熱時のオーステナイト粒の粗大化を抑制し、また焼入れ性向上に有効な固溶Bを確保する作用を呈する。このような効果は、0.01重量%以上のTi含有量で顕著になる。しかし、0.10重量%を超える過剰なTi含有は、靭性劣化の原因となる。
Nb:0.01〜0.20重量%
必要に応じて添加される合金成分であり、炭窒化物を形成し、オーステナイト粒の粗大化を抑えて靭性を向上させる作用を呈し、0.01重量%以上でNbの効果が顕著になる。しかし、0.20重量%を超える過剰なNbを添加すると、靭性劣化の原因となる粗大な析出物が形成される。
B:0.0005〜0.01重量%
必要に応じて添加される合金成分であり、焼入れ性を高めると共に、粒界破壊を抑制する作用を呈する。Bの添加効果は、0.0005重量%以上のB含有量で顕著になる。しかし、B含有量が0.01重量%を超えると、却って靭性が劣化する。
【0013】
X値:1.0〜2.0
式(1)で定義されるX値は、本発明者等による実験結果から得られた指標であり、鋼板の延性,靭性及びプレステンパー効果を表わす。硬さが40〜50HRCの範囲に調質されることを想定している用途では、従来から使用されているSK5,SKS5等にあっては焼戻し温度が400℃以上の温度域になる。合金成分の含有量が個々に本発明で規定した範囲にあってもX値が1.0未満になると、焼戻し温度を上昇させる効果を呈する合金成分の総量が少なくなるため、低温焼戻し脆性と称されている現象が生じる300℃前後の温度域まで焼戻し温度が低下する。この温度域では、焼戻し過程における旧オーステナイト粒界やマルテンサイトのラス境界へのセメンタイト析出に起因した脆化が生じ、衝撃抵抗が低下する傾向が示される。また、焼戻し温度が300℃前後まで低下すると、プレステンパー効果も小さくなり、草刈刃用基板としての形状不良が発生し易くなる。また、本発明者等による調査・研究の結果から、プレステンパー温度に相当する温度における材料の降伏点でプレステンパー効果を評価でき、プレステンパー温度における降伏点が800N/mm2を超えるとプレステンパー効果が極めて小さくなり、草刈刃に必要な平坦度が得られなくなることが判った。逆に2.0を超えるX値では、合金成分の含有量が個々に本発明で規定した範囲にあっても、曲げ特性や靭性を劣化させる合金成分の効果が重畳され、曲げ特性や靭性の劣化が著しくなる。このようなことから、焼戻し脆化を避けてプレステンパー効果を確保すると共に、優れた曲げ特性及び衝撃靭性を付与するためには、X値が1.0〜2.0の範囲となるように合金成分を調整することが有効である。
【0014】
【実施例】
組成を表1に示した鋼を溶製し、鋼スラブを製造した。各鋼スラブを常法に従って熱間圧延し板厚3.0mmの鋼板とした後、冷間圧延,焼鈍を経て板厚1.4mm及び2.5mmの焼きなまし材とした。得られた鋼板を830〜900℃の範囲で15分加熱保持した後、60℃で油焼入れした。次いで、280〜550℃の範囲で30分加熱保持した後、空冷の焼戻しを施し、目標硬さに調質した。
【0015】

Figure 0004159010
【0016】
調質後の鋼板から、圧延方向に長手方向が直交する試験片を切り出し、曲げ試験,衝撃試験及び高温引張試験に供した。
曲げ試験では、板厚1.4mm,幅30mm,長さ200mmの短冊状の試験片を使用し、Vブロックにより90度突き曲げ試験を行った。そして、ポンチの先端半径によって試験片の曲げ半径を変え、n数5枚で割れなければ、その値を限界曲げ半径として評価した。この試験では、限界曲げ半径が小さいほど延性が優れているものと評価される。
衝撃試験では、板厚2.5mmのJIS4号サブサイズ試験片を使用し、シャルピー衝撃試験を行い、吸収エネルギーの大きさで靭性を評価した。
更に、高温引張試験でプレステンパーによる形状修正の難易度を判定した。この試験では、板厚2.5mmのJIS I型試験片を大気雰囲気中でプレステンパー相当温度に加熱し、JIS G0567に準拠して0.2%耐力までは試験速度を0.5mm/分,以降は3.5mm/分として降伏点を測定した。
【0017】
表2の調査結果にみられるように、C含有量が不足する比較鋼Aは、延性及び靭性が良好であるものの、焼戻し温度が低くなるために降伏点が高く、プレステンパーによる形状修正効果が期待できない。
比較鋼Bは、Mn含有量が少ないため焼入れ不良となり、十分な硬さが得られず、不充分な焼入れ組織のために延性及び靭性も低い値を示した。
比較鋼Cは、P,S,O等の不純物元素を多量に含むため、延性及び靭性が不足していた。
比較鋼Dは、過剰量のC,Crを含むためX値が2.0を超えており、低い延性及び靭性を示した。
【0018】
比較鋼Eは、合金成分の含有量が個々に本発明で規定した範囲にあるが、X値が2.0を超えているために延性及び靭性が低い値を示した。
比較鋼Fは、合金成分の含有量が個々に本発明で規定した範囲にあるが、X値が2.0を下回り、44HRCに調質するため焼戻し温度が350℃となり、焼戻し脆化によって延性及び靭性が大幅に劣化した。また、降伏点が高いことから、プレステンパーによる形状修正の効果が不充分であった。
表2では、従来から使用されているSK5,SKS5を42〜50HRCに調質した草刈刃用基板の限界曲げ半径及び衝撃値を併せ示したが、何れも衝撃値が低く、高速回転用途としての信頼性に不足していた。
【0019】
これに対し、本発明で規定した条件を満足する鋼G〜Kは、何れも限界曲げ半径が7.0mm以下と小さく、衝撃値も30J/cm2以上の高い値を示しいる。しかも、降伏点が800N/mm2以下に維持されていることから、十分なプレステンパー効果が発現された。
この対比から明らかなように、本発明に従った鋼板は、草刈刃用基板に要求される強度,延性,靭性及びプレステンパー性に優れ、高速回転の使用中に破損,欠け等のトラブル発生がなく良好な切れ味を呈する高性能の草刈刃と使用できることが判った。
【0020】
Figure 0004159010
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明の草刈刃用基板は、C,Si,Mn,Cr,Mo,Vの含有量で特定されるX値を1.0〜2.0の範囲に調整してプレステンパーの効果を保証すると共に、延性や靭性に悪影響を及ぼすMn,Cr,Mo,V等を過剰添加することなく、Cu,Ni,Bの添加によって焼入れ性を確保すしている。そのため、草刈刃として必要な耐摩耗性及び強度が得られ、焼戻し温度が400℃程度に維持されるため、平坦度,延性及び靭性に優れた高性能の草刈刃用基板として使用される。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a grass cutting blade substrate made of a steel plate having excellent ductility, toughness, strength, and wear resistance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a mowing blade used for a mowing machine, there are a solid saw in which a substrate and a cutting edge are made of the same steel plate, a tip saw in which carbide or the like is bonded to the cutting edge, and the like. Any grass cutting blade uses carbon tool steel such as JIS SK5 or alloy tool steel such as JIS SKS5 as a substrate material.
The mowing blade rotates at a high speed of several thousand revolutions per minute when in use. Since it is used in an environment where it comes into contact with gravel, stones, etc. at such a high speed rotation, excellent wear resistance is required in addition to sharpness. Therefore, the conventional steel plate used for the substrate of the mowing blade ensures sharpness and wear resistance by tempering to a high hardness level of about 43 to 48 HRC by quenching and tempering.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If the cutting blade in use that is rotating at high speed hits an obstacle such as a stone, the substrate of the cutting blade itself may be broken and debris may be scattered. Since breakage of the substrate and scattering of fragments are extremely dangerous for the operator, safety is ensured by improving ductility and toughness at the expense of the hardness of the substrate. However, in order to improve the sharpness that is the original function of the mowing blade, it is necessary to improve the wear resistance by tempering to a higher hardness. In addition, the use of a high rotation speed while maintaining good sharpness is required for improving the performance of the mowing blade. Higher safety is required under the use conditions of high hardness and high rotation speed, and a grass cutting blade substrate made of a material having ductility and toughness at a high hardness level is required.
[0004]
In a conventional mowing blade, a press temper is applied at about 400 ° C. during tempering in order to ensure flatness after heat treatment. However, if the tempering temperature for obtaining the required hardness is lowered in a steel material whose components are adjusted to enhance ductility and toughness, the effect of the press temper cannot be obtained. Moreover, when tempering is performed at around 300 ° C. where temper embrittlement occurs, the toughness of the steel material may be greatly deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a certain tempering temperature even in the steel material with the adjusted components.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been devised to meet such demands, and maintains the strength and wear resistance necessary for a mowing blade by an alloy design in which various alloy components are adjusted in a specified relationship. An object of the present invention is to provide a substrate for a mowing blade that secures a tempering temperature of about ° C. and is excellent in flatness, ductility and toughness.
[0006]
In order to achieve the object, the substrate for grass cutting blades of the present invention has C: 0.5 to 0.7% by weight, Si: 0.5% by weight or less, Mn: 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, Cr : 0.8 wt% or less, Mo: 0.5 wt% or less, V: 0.5 wt% or less, Cu: 0.5 wt% or less, N: 0.0005 to 0.02 wt%, O: 0 .0005 to 0.01% by weight, P: 0.02% by weight or less, S: 0.01% by weight or less, acid-soluble Al: 0.10% by weight or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities The X value defined by the formula (1) is made of a steel plate adjusted to a range of 1.0 to 2.0.
X = C% + 0.1 × Si% + 0.6 × Mn% + Cr% + 0.5 × Mo% + V% (1)
This steel plate is further made of Ni: 0.10 to 2.00% by weight, Ti: 0.01 to 0.10% by weight, Nb: 0.01 to 0.20% by weight, B: 0.0005 to 0.01%. It can contain 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of weight%.
[0007]
[Action]
Steel materials such as SK5 and SKS5 that have been conventionally used for grass cutting blade substrates contain 0.75% by weight or more of C in order to ensure strength and wear resistance. As a result of investigating the influence of the components of this steel type and the heat treatment on toughness and ductility, it was found that the toughness and ductility are improved as the C content is lower even if the hardness after heat treatment is the same. However, on the other hand, C exhibits the effect of improving the wearability of forming carbide in steel. In addition, it is necessary to increase the tempering temperature in order to bring the steel type with a high C content to the target hardness by heat treatment. As a result, there is also an effect of increasing the tempering temperature. It is also effective in increasing the hardening of the temper. Therefore, C content cannot be reduced extremely.
Moreover, when the influence of the impurity element on toughness and ductility was investigated, it was found that the toughness and ductility were improved by reducing N, O, P, and S particularly in the steel material tempered to 43 to 48 HRC. Furthermore, since the heat treatment of quenching and tempering is usually performed in the use as a mowing blade, it is required to ensure hardenability. The hardenability is improved by the addition of Mn, Cr, Mo, V, etc., but these added components adversely affect toughness and ductility.
Therefore, in the present invention, in order to ensure hardenability by adding Cu, Ni, B without excessive addition of Mn, Cr, Mo, V, etc. that adversely affect ductility and toughness, C, Si, Mn, The X value specified by the above formula (1) is adjusted in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 using the contents of Cr, Mo and V as factors, and the effect of the press temper is guaranteed. Furthermore, toughness and ductility are also improved by adding elements such as Al, Ti, Nb and the like having a crystal grain refining effect.
[0008]
Hereinafter, alloy components, contents, and the like included in the steel plate used as the grass cutting blade substrate of the present invention will be described.
C: 0.5 to 0.7% by weight
The strength and wear resistance required for the steel blade for mowing blades are secured, and the sharpness of the mowing blades is enhanced. Further, in order to increase the tempering temperature and ensure the flatness after the heat treatment with the press temper, it is necessary to add at least 0.5% by weight or more. However, if the C content exceeds 0.7% by weight, the amount of carbide after heat treatment increases, and the coarsely grown carbide acts as a starting point for fracture, so the ductility and toughness deteriorate.
Si: 0.5% by weight or less Si is an alloy component that is added as a deoxidizer for molten steel and is effective in improving temper softening resistance. However, when an excessive amount of Si exceeding 0.5% by weight is added, SiO 2 which is a deoxidation product remains in the steel, which impairs the cleanliness of the steel and lowers the toughness.
[0009]
Mn: 0.1 to 0.6% by weight
In addition to being effective for deoxidizing molten steel, it is an alloy component effective for increasing the hardenability and tempering temperature of steel necessary for improving the strength. These effects become significant when the Mn content is 0.1% by weight or more. However, when a large amount of Mn exceeding 0.6% by weight is contained, ductility and toughness are remarkably lowered.
Cr: 0.8 wt% or less Like Mn, it is an alloy component effective for improving hardenability and raising the tempering temperature. However, when the Cr content exceeds 0.8% by weight, a large amount of undissolved carbide that becomes the starting point of cracking is likely to be generated. Undissolved carbides promote crack propagation and adversely affect bending properties and toughness.
[0010]
Mo: 0.5 wt% or less Mo is also an effective alloy component for improving hardenability and tempering softening resistance, and exhibits the effect of increasing the tempering temperature. Further, the addition of Mo suppresses the deterioration of toughness due to the excessive addition of Mn and Cr. However, excessive addition not only adds a large amount of Mo, which is an expensive element, but also adversely affects bending characteristics and toughness, so the upper limit of the Mo content was set to 0.5% by weight.
V: 0.5 wt% or less Like Cr and Mo, it is an alloy component effective for improving hardenability and temper softening resistance, and exhibits an effect of increasing the tempering temperature. However, when a large amount of V exceeding 0.5% by weight is added, the toughness deteriorates.
Cu: 0.5% by weight or less Cu is an alloy component effective for ensuring good hardenability and improving toughness. However, when a large amount of Cu exceeding 0.50% by weight is added, hot workability is impaired.
[0011]
N: 0.0005 to 0.02% by weight
It is an alloy component that becomes a nitride in steel and has the effect of refining the structure and strengthening the steel. The effect of adding N becomes significant at 0.0005% by weight or more. However, when excessive N exceeding 0.02% by weight is included, coarse nitrides are formed and the toughness deteriorates.
O: 0.0005 to 0.01% by weight
Like S, it is a harmful element that forms non-metallic inclusions in steel and lowers the toughness of steel. The lower the O content, the better. However, deoxidation to an extremely low oxygen level causes a decrease in productivity and an increase in manufacturing cost. Therefore, in the present invention, the O content is set in a range of 0.0005 to 0.01% by weight that is not adversely affected by non-metallic inclusions and can be achieved at an industrial level.
P: 0.02% by weight or less P is a component that segregates at the austenite grain boundary during quenching and causes deterioration in ductility and toughness. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the P content as much as possible. In the present invention, the upper limit of the P content is defined as 0.02% by weight as a range that does not have a substantial adverse effect.
S: 0.01% by weight or less MnS is easily formed in the steel and is a starting point of cracks, and is a harmful component that lowers strength and toughness. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the S content as much as possible. In the present invention, the upper limit of the S content is set to 0.01% by weight as a range that does not have a substantial adverse effect.
Acid-soluble Al: 0.10% by weight or less A powerful deoxidizing element and an alloy component necessary for reducing the O content in steel. In order to make the O content 0.01% by weight or less, the acid-soluble Al needs to have an Al content of 0.01% by weight or more. However, when a large amount of Al exceeding 0.10% by weight is contained, non-metallic inclusions present in the steel increase, which adversely affects impact properties and the like.
[0012]
Ni: 0.10 to 2.00% by weight
It is effective for improving alloy components, hardenability and toughness added as necessary. The effect of adding Ni becomes significant at 0.10% by weight or more, and saturates at 2.00% by weight. Further, Ni content exceeding 2.00% by weight consumes a large amount of expensive Ni, which causes an increase in steel material cost.
Ti: 0.01 to 0.10% by weight
It is an alloy component added as necessary, and forms a nitride by combining with N, and suppresses the coarsening of austenite grains during high-temperature heating, and also ensures solid solution B effective for improving hardenability. Presents. Such an effect becomes remarkable when the Ti content is 0.01% by weight or more. However, excessive Ti content exceeding 0.10% by weight causes deterioration of toughness.
Nb: 0.01-0.20% by weight
It is an alloy component added as necessary, and forms carbonitride, suppresses coarsening of austenite grains and improves toughness, and the effect of Nb becomes remarkable at 0.01% by weight or more. However, when excessive Nb exceeding 0.20% by weight is added, coarse precipitates that cause deterioration of toughness are formed.
B: 0.0005 to 0.01% by weight
It is an alloy component added as necessary, and enhances hardenability and exhibits an effect of suppressing grain boundary fracture. The effect of addition of B becomes significant when the B content is 0.0005% by weight or more. However, if the B content exceeds 0.01% by weight, the toughness deteriorates.
[0013]
X value: 1.0 to 2.0
The X value defined by the formula (1) is an index obtained from the experimental results by the present inventors, and represents the ductility, toughness and press temper effect of the steel sheet. In applications where the hardness is assumed to be tempered in the range of 40 to 50 HRC, the tempering temperature is 400 ° C. or higher in the conventional SK5, SKS5 and the like. Even if the content of the alloy component is within the range specified in the present invention, if the X value is less than 1.0, the total amount of the alloy component exhibiting the effect of increasing the tempering temperature is reduced, so that it is called low temperature temper brittleness. The tempering temperature is lowered to a temperature range around 300 ° C. where the phenomenon described above occurs. In this temperature range, embrittlement caused by cementite precipitation at the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath boundaries during the tempering process occurs, and the impact resistance tends to decrease. Further, when the tempering temperature is lowered to around 300 ° C., the press temper effect is also reduced, and a shape defect as a grass cutting blade substrate is likely to occur. Further, from the results of investigations and researches by the present inventors, the press temper effect can be evaluated by the yield point of the material at a temperature corresponding to the press temper temperature, and if the yield point at the press temper temperature exceeds 800 N / mm 2 , the press temper can be evaluated. It was found that the effect was extremely small and the flatness required for the mowing blade could not be obtained. On the other hand, when the X value exceeds 2.0, even if the content of the alloy component is within the range specified in the present invention, the effect of the alloy component that deteriorates the bending property and toughness is superimposed, and the bending property and toughness Deterioration becomes remarkable. For this reason, in order to avoid the temper embrittlement and ensure the press temper effect, and to impart excellent bending properties and impact toughness, the X value is in the range of 1.0 to 2.0. It is effective to adjust the alloy components.
[0014]
【Example】
Steel with the composition shown in Table 1 was melted to produce a steel slab. Each steel slab was hot rolled according to a conventional method to obtain a steel plate having a thickness of 3.0 mm, and then subjected to cold rolling and annealing to obtain annealed materials having a thickness of 1.4 mm and 2.5 mm. The obtained steel sheet was heated and held in the range of 830 to 900 ° C. for 15 minutes and then oil-quenched at 60 ° C. Next, after heating and holding in the range of 280 to 550 ° C. for 30 minutes, air-cooled tempering was performed to adjust the hardness to the target hardness.
[0015]
Figure 0004159010
[0016]
A test piece having a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the rolling direction was cut out from the tempered steel sheet and subjected to a bending test, an impact test, and a high-temperature tensile test.
In the bending test, a strip-shaped test piece having a thickness of 1.4 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a length of 200 mm was used, and a 90-degree bending test was performed using a V block. Then, the bending radius of the test piece was changed depending on the tip radius of the punch, and if the n-number was not broken at five, the value was evaluated as the limit bending radius. In this test, the smaller the critical bending radius, the better the ductility.
In the impact test, a JIS No. 4 sub-size test piece having a thickness of 2.5 mm was used, a Charpy impact test was performed, and the toughness was evaluated by the magnitude of absorbed energy.
Furthermore, the difficulty of shape correction by a press temper was determined in a high temperature tensile test. In this test, a JIS type I test piece having a thickness of 2.5 mm was heated to a temperature equivalent to a press temper in the air atmosphere, and the test speed was 0.5 mm / min up to 0.2% proof stress in accordance with JIS G0567. Thereafter, the yield point was measured at 3.5 mm / min.
[0017]
As can be seen from the investigation results in Table 2, comparative steel A with insufficient C content has good ductility and toughness, but has a high yield point due to low tempering temperature, and has a shape correction effect by press temper. I can't expect it.
Since the comparative steel B had a low Mn content, it was poor in quenching and sufficient hardness was not obtained, and the ductility and toughness were low due to an insufficient quenching structure.
Since the comparative steel C contains a large amount of impurity elements such as P, S, and O, the ductility and toughness were insufficient.
Since the comparative steel D contained excessive amounts of C and Cr, the X value exceeded 2.0, and exhibited low ductility and toughness.
[0018]
In Comparative Steel E, the alloy component contents were individually within the range defined in the present invention, but the X value exceeded 2.0, so the ductility and toughness were low.
In Comparative Steel F, the alloy component content is within the range specified in the present invention, but the X value is less than 2.0, and the steel is tempered to 44 HRC, so the tempering temperature becomes 350 ° C., and ductility is caused by temper embrittlement. And toughness deteriorated significantly. Moreover, since the yield point is high, the effect of the shape correction by the press temper was insufficient.
In Table 2, the limit bending radius and the impact value of the grass cutting blade substrate tempered from conventional SK5 and SKS5 to 42 to 50 HRC are also shown. It was lacking in reliability.
[0019]
On the other hand, all of the steels G to K that satisfy the conditions defined in the present invention have a small limit bending radius of 7.0 mm or less and an impact value of 30 J / cm 2 or more. Moreover, since the yield point is maintained at 800 N / mm 2 or less, a sufficient press temper effect was exhibited.
As is clear from this comparison, the steel sheet according to the present invention is excellent in the strength, ductility, toughness and press temperability required for the grass cutting blade substrate, and troubles such as breakage and chipping occur during the use of high-speed rotation. It was found that it can be used with a high-performance mowing blade that exhibits a good sharpness.
[0020]
Figure 0004159010
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As explained above, the mowing blade substrate of the present invention adjusts the X value specified by the content of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, V to a range of 1.0 to 2.0. While ensuring the effect of press tempering, hardenability is ensured by adding Cu, Ni, B without excessive addition of Mn, Cr, Mo, V, etc., which adversely affects ductility and toughness. Therefore, the abrasion resistance and strength necessary for a grass cutting blade are obtained, and the tempering temperature is maintained at about 400 ° C., so that it is used as a high performance grass cutting blade substrate having excellent flatness, ductility and toughness.

Claims (2)

C:0.5〜0.7重量%,Si:0.5重量%以下,Mn:0.1〜0.6重量%,Cr:0.8重量%以下,Mo:0.5重量%以下,V:0.5重量%以下,Cu:0.5重量%以下,N:0.0005〜0.02重量%,O:0.0005〜0.01重量%,P:0.02重量%以下,S:0.01重量%以下,酸可溶Al:0.10重量%以下を含み残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなる組成をもち、式(1)で定義されるX値が1.0〜2.0の範囲に調整された鋼板で作られている草刈刃用基板。
X=C%+0.1×Si%+0.6×Mn%+Cr%+0.5×Mo%+V% ・・・・(1)
C: 0.5 to 0.7% by weight, Si: 0.5% by weight or less, Mn: 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, Cr: 0.8% by weight or less, Mo: 0.5% by weight or less , V: 0.5 wt% or less, Cu: 0.5 wt% or less, N: 0.0005 to 0.02 wt%, O: 0.0005 to 0.01 wt%, P: 0.02 wt% Hereinafter, S: 0.01% by weight or less, acid-soluble Al: 0.10% by weight or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities , the X value defined by the formula (1) is 1. A mowing blade substrate made of a steel plate adjusted to a range of 0 to 2.0.
X = C% + 0.1 × Si% + 0.6 × Mn% + Cr% + 0.5 × Mo% + V% (1)
更にNi:0.10〜2.00重量%,Ti:0.01〜0.10重量%,Nb:0.01〜0.20重量%,B:0.0005〜0.01重量%の1種又は2種以上を含む請求項1記載の草刈刃用基板。  Furthermore, Ni: 0.10 to 2.00 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.10 wt%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.20 wt%, B: 0.0005 to 0.01 wt% The substrate for mowing blades according to claim 1, comprising seeds or two or more kinds.
JP25921499A 1999-09-13 1999-09-13 Mowing blade substrate Expired - Lifetime JP4159010B2 (en)

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