JP4155336B1 - Anti-glare film, method for producing the same, and display device using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

In an antiglare film, the anti-glare film has an anti-glare property while suppressing the white turbidity while reducing the roughness.
The optical characteristics of the antiglare film 1 are arbitrarily set within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction with respect to incident light incident at any angle of 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less from the normal direction of the antiglare layer. The ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) to the angle α and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) shifted by 1 ° from the arbitrary angle α is 0.1 It is 0.6 or less, or the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 of the reflected light intensity peak is 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less, or the reflected light intensity peak When the total width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 is set to 10.0 to 45.0 °, and the normal reflection light intensity of the standard diffusion plate is normalized to 1, it is 20 ° or more from the regular reflection direction. The gain of light reflected in the direction is defined as 0.02 or less. Further, the average distance between the diffusion elements is set to 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an antiglare film, a method for producing the same, and a display device using the same, and more particularly, to a surface of various display devices such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an electroluminescence display, and a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display. The present invention relates to an antiglare film to be produced, a method for producing the same, and a display device using the same.

  Conventionally, in various display devices such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, and a CRT display, when external light such as a fluorescent lamp is reflected on the surface, the visibility is significantly impaired. Therefore, an optical multilayer film or a low refractive index is formed on the display device surface. Techniques have been taken to reduce the reflectance by providing a film, or to provide an antiglare film having fine irregularities on the surface to diffusely reflect external light and blur the reflected image.

  However, if an optical multilayer film is used, the manufacturing cost increases, and the anti-glare property is not sufficient, and even if the manufacturing cost is reduced by using a low refractive index film, the reflectance is relatively high, so the reflection is anxious. There was a problem. On the other hand, in the technique of mixing silica filler or organic filler to form fine irregularities on the surface and blurring the reflected image by diffuse reflection, the anti-glare property is obtained but the cloudiness is strong, especially the external light is strong In such a case, there is a problem that the contrast is lowered and the visibility is lowered.

  In recent years, surface treatment with high contrast while suppressing anti-cloudiness while having antiglare properties has been demanded, and several methods have been studied so far. For example, in Patent Document 1 below, as an antiglare film that prevents reflection while preventing reflection, the intensity of specular reflection of light incident from a direction of −10 ° from the normal is 20 ° from the regular reflection direction. A method is disclosed in which the ratio of reflected light intensity in the shifted direction is specified to be 0.2 or less, and the half width with respect to the peak of reflected light intensity is specified to be 7 ° or more.

JP 2002-365410 A

  Patent Document 2 below discloses regular reflectance when collimated light is incident at an angle of 5 ° from the normal direction of the antiglare film, and regular reflection from an angle shifted by 0.2 ° from regular reflection. An antiglare film having approximately the same reflectance in the direction is disclosed. In addition, the value of the reflected light intensity in the normal direction when incident on the antiglare film at 20 ° or more is normalized by performing the same measurement with a standard diffusion plate (hereinafter, measured with a standard diffusion plate). The reflected light intensity normalized by the reflected light intensity of (referred to as gain) is disclosed to be 1/1000 or less.

JP 2004-61853 A

  Moreover, in the following patent document 3 and the following patent document 4, the regular reflectance with respect to the light incident from any direction with an incident angle of 5 to 30 ° is 1% or less, and the regular reflectance is from the regular reflection direction. There is a description of a method that prescribes that the ratio of the reflectance in the direction of 30 ° or more is 0.001 or less.

JP 2006-53371 A

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-240411

  However, since both properties of antiglare property and suppression of cloudiness are in a trade-off relationship, it is difficult to design an antiglare film that satisfies both of these properties, and a complete solution has not been achieved. For example, a conventional anti-glare film in which irregularities are formed on the surface using a silica filler satisfies the diffuse reflection characteristics defined in Patent Document 1, and has a strong white turbidity although its intensity ratio is 0.1 or less, On the other hand, it has been found that antiglare properties can be obtained even when the half width is 7 ° or less.

  Further, as in Patent Document 2 described above, the diffuse reflection characteristic that the regular reflectance and the reflectance in the regular reflection direction from an angle shifted by 0.2 ° from the regular reflection are approximately equal is a surface close to specular reflection. It is difficult to obtain an antiglare property because it is satisfactory even in the state. On the other hand, it is difficult to actually produce an antiglare film having a characteristic that the gain in the normal direction is 1/1000 or less, and the inventors have studied that the gain in the normal direction is 1/1000. It became clear that the cloudiness was sufficiently suppressed even at about 100.

  About the diffuse reflection characteristic prescribed | regulated by the above-mentioned patent document 3 and patent document 4, it is known that the anti-glare film with a comparatively few surface unevenness | corrugation and a big reflection may satisfy | fill regular reflectance 1% or less. . Further, it has been found that an antiglare film subjected to a low reflection treatment such as providing a low refractive index layer on the surface satisfies such diffuse reflection characteristics, but the antiglare property is insufficient.

  Moreover, although anti-glare property is provided by forming the fine unevenness | corrugation on the surface of an anti-glare film as mentioned above, there exists a problem that the rough feeling on visual appearance arises. When an anti-glare film having a large roughness is used for a display device, the visibility of an image is lowered.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an antiglare film having a low roughness while suppressing the cloudiness while having antiglare properties, a method for producing the same, and a display device using the same.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the first invention
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on a substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
With respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusing elements are formed, the incident light is changed to an arbitrary angle α within 10 ° from the specular reflection direction to the wide angle side . The maximum value of the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) shifted from the arbitrary angle α to the 1 ° wide angle side is larger than 0.1 and 0 .6 or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 It is an antiglare film.

The second invention is
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on a substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
The angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity with respect to the incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusing elements are formed. The total width of is 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 It is an antiglare film.

The third invention is
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on a substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
The angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity with respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusing elements are formed. The total width of is 10.0 ° or more and 45.0 ° or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 It is an antiglare film.

The fourth invention is:
Applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate;
A step of generating diffusive elements on the surface by generating convection in the paint by drying the applied paint and agglomerating fine particles by the convection.
With
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
Reflected light intensity I (α) at an arbitrary angle α within 10 ° from the specular reflection direction to the wide angle side with respect to incident light incident at any angle between 5 ° and 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface The maximum value of the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) to the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) deviated from the arbitrary angle α to the 1 ° wide angle side is greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.6;
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 This is a method for producing an antiglare film.

The fifth invention is:
Applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate;
A step of generating diffusive elements on the surface by generating convection in the paint by drying the applied paint and agglomerating fine particles by the convection.
With
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
For incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface, the total width of the reflected light intensity at 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity is 6.0 ° or more. 28.0 degrees or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 This is a method for producing an antiglare film.

The sixth invention is:
Applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate;
A step of generating diffusive elements on the surface by generating convection in the paint by drying the applied paint and agglomerating fine particles by the convection.
With
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
For incident light incident at any angle between 5 ° and 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface, the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity is 10.0 ° or more Below 45.0 °,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 This is a method for producing an antiglare film.

The seventh invention
A display for displaying an image;
An anti-glare film provided on the display surface side of the display unit,
Anti-glare film
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on a substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
The anti-glare film is within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction to the wide angle side with respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusion elements are formed. The maximum value of the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) at an arbitrary angle α and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) shifted from the arbitrary angle α by 1 ° to the wide angle side is Greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.6,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Display device.

The eighth invention
A display for displaying an image;
An anti-glare film provided on the display surface side of the display unit,
Anti-glare film
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on a substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
The antiglare film relates to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusion elements are formed, and is 1/100 of the peak of reflected light intensity. The total angle of the reflected light intensity is 6.0 ° to 28.0 °,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 It is a display device.

The ninth invention
A display for displaying an image;
An anti-glare film provided on the display surface side of the display unit,
Anti-glare film
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on a substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle size of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with a paint,
The average spacing between the diffusing elements is not less than 50 μm and not more than 300 μm,
The antiglare film relates to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusion elements are formed, and is 1/1000 of the peak of reflected light intensity. The total angle of the reflected light intensity is 10.0 ° or more and 45.0 ° or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 It is a display device.

  In the first, fourth and seventh inventions of the present invention, the reflected light intensity at an arbitrary angle within 10 ° from the specular reflection direction and the reflection shifted from the arbitrary angle to the wide angle side by 1 ° in the antiglare film. By defining the ratio to the light intensity, antiglare properties can be obtained. Specifically, an arbitrary angle α within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction with respect to incident light incident at any angle between 5 ° and 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusion elements are formed. The ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) deviated from an arbitrary angle α to the 1 ° wide angle side is larger than 0.1 and 0.6 The following. Anti-glare properties can be obtained by setting the ratio of reflected light intensity I (α + 1) / I (α) to be greater than 0.1, and cloudiness can be suppressed by setting the ratio to 0.6 or less.

  In the second, fifth, and eighth inventions of the present invention, the antiglare property can be obtained by defining the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity becomes 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. . Specifically, with respect to incident light incident at any angle between 5 ° and 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusing elements are formed, the reflection is 1/100 of the reflected light intensity peak. The total angle of the light intensity is 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less. The anti-glare property can be obtained by setting the total width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity to 6.0 ° or more, and the cloudiness by setting the angle to 28.0 ° or less. Can be suppressed.

  In the third, sixth, and ninth inventions of the present invention, the antiglare property can be obtained by defining the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. Specifically, with respect to incident light incident at any angle between 5 ° and 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusion elements are formed, the reflection is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. The total width of the angle that becomes the light intensity is 10.0 ° or more and 45.0 ° or less. Anti-glare properties can be obtained by setting the total width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity to 10.0 ° or more. Can be suppressed.

In the first to ninth aspects of the invention, the cloudiness can be suppressed by defining the gain of light reflected in a direction of 20 ° or more from the regular reflection direction. Specifically, the gain of light reflected in a direction of 20 ° or more from the regular reflection direction is set to 0.02 or less.
Further, by defining the average distance between the diffusing elements, the feeling of roughness can be reduced. Specifically, the average distance between the diffusion elements is set to 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less.

  According to the present invention, by defining the diffuse reflection characteristics of the antiglare film, an antiglare film having an antiglare property and a reduced cloudiness can be obtained. Moreover, a rough feeling can be reduced by defining the space | interval of the spreading | diffusion element of an anti-glare film. Therefore, a display device using such an antiglare film can realize excellent visibility because the contrast does not decrease even in a place where the external light intensity is high.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings of the following embodiments, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

(1) 1st Embodiment (1-1) Structure of anti-glare film FIG. 1: is an example of the expanded sectional view which shows the structure of the anti-glare film by 1st Embodiment of this invention. A plurality of convex portions are formed as diffusion elements on the surface 14 of the antiglare film 1, and the entire surface has a fine uneven shape. As a result of intensive studies on the diffuse reflection characteristics of the antiglare film 1, the present inventors define the diffuse reflection characteristics as follows, thereby providing both the antiglare property and the suppression of the cloudiness. The film 1 was successfully obtained.

  Regarding anti-glare properties, it is necessary to reduce the absolute value of specular reflection light intensity, but it is important that the diffuse reflection characteristics do not change abruptly. This is because human visual sensitivity correlates with the logarithmic intensity of light, and when the logarithmic intensity of the diffuse reflection characteristic changes abruptly, the reflection edge of the light source is visually recognized and it is felt that there is no antiglare property. Therefore, the antiglare film 1 of the first embodiment is within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction with respect to incident light incident from any direction within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal to the surface 14. The ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) in the direction of an arbitrary angle and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) in the direction further shifted from the angle α by 1 ° to the wide angle side Is larger than 0.1 and satisfies 0.6 or less. This is because when the ratio of reflected light intensity I (α + 1) / I (α) is 0.1 or less, the change in intensity is steep and edges are easily observed, and it is felt that there is no anti-glare property. On the other hand, when the ratio of reflected light intensity I (α + 1) / I (α) is larger than 0.6, the anti-glare property is obtained, but the cloudiness is enhanced.

  In addition, with respect to incident light incident from any angle within a range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal line to the surface 14, the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. By setting the angle to 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less, the same antiglare property as the diffuse reflection characteristic defined above can be obtained. If the full width of this angle is less than 6.0 °, the change in intensity is steep and the edges are easily observed. If it exceeds 28.0 °, anti-glare properties are obtained, but white turbidity appears. It is.

  Similarly, with respect to incident light incident from any direction within the range of 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less from the normal to the surface 14, an angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. By setting the total width of the film to 10.0 ° or more and 45.0 ° or less, the same antiglare property as the diffuse reflection characteristic defined above can be obtained. If the full width of this angle is less than 10.0 °, the change in intensity is steep and the edges are easily observed. If it exceeds 45.0 °, anti-glare properties are obtained, but white turbidity appears. It is.

  Here, the diffuse reflection characteristic of the antiglare film is obtained by measuring the reflected light intensity using, for example, a goniophotometer GP-1-3D manufactured by Optec. At that time, in order to measure the diffuse reflection characteristics of the antiglare film 1 itself while suppressing the influence of the back surface reflection, black glass or black acrylic plate is interposed on the surface of the antiglare film 1 facing the surface 14 via an adhesive. Measure by sticking together.

  On the other hand, for the cloudiness, the reflectance at an angle of 10 ° or more from the regular reflection direction is important. This is because the white turbidity is reduced by reducing the light component diffused from the regular reflection direction to a wide angle. Therefore, the anti-glare film 1 of the first embodiment is a regular reflection light of the standard diffuser plate with respect to incident light incident from any angle direction within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal to the surface 14. When the intensity is normalized as 1, the gain reflected in the direction of 20 ° or more from the regular reflection direction satisfies the diffuse reflection characteristic of 0.02 or less, more preferably the direction of 20 ° or more from the regular reflection direction. The gain reflected in the normal reflection direction is 0.01 or less, and the gain reflected in the direction of 10 ° or more from the regular reflection direction is 0.25 or less, more preferably 0.08 or less. Thereby, the cloudiness of an anti-glare film can be suppressed. The gain is the reflected light intensity obtained when standardized with a standard diffuser plate. Here, the same reflected light intensity when measured using the barium sulfate standard diffuser plate is standardized as 1. Is the time value.

  Moreover, the surface haze of the antiglare film 1 is preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less. This is because when the surface haze is 5.0% or less, the cloudiness is reduced, and when the surface haze is 3.0% or less, the cloudiness is less felt. The surface haze is a value when surface scattering is detected, and the higher the surface haze, the greater the white turbidity. On the other hand, the internal haze is not particularly limited.

  Here, the internal haze is, for example, a haze meter HM-150 (Murakami Color Technology) obtained by applying an anti-glare film 1 having an adhesive having a haze value of 1.0% or less to the surface 14 based on measurement conditions in accordance with JIS K7136. It is calculated | required by measuring using a laboratory. Further, the surface haze is obtained by measuring the anti-glare film 1 by the same method as the method for obtaining the internal haze, and obtaining the difference between the obtained value and the value of the internal haze.

  The optical characteristics of such an antiglare film 1 are defined by the fact that a diffusion element is formed on the surface 14 and the surface 14 exhibits a fine uneven shape. Further, by reducing the size of the diffusing element, it is possible to suppress the feeling of visual roughness and the scintillation felt by screen glare (hereinafter, screen glare is referred to as surface glare as appropriate).

  The rough texture is that when a uniform intensity light source is reflected by the anti-glare film 1, the direction of reflection in one diffusing element is different, so that a granular feeling with different brightness can be seen. . Therefore, when this anti-glare film 1 is applied to an image display device and observed away from the optimum viewing distance of this image display device, the spacing between the diffusing elements is set so that each diffusing element is less than or equal to the separable spacing. Smaller is better. Specifically, when the diffusing element is defined by volume diffusion, the average distance between the diffusing elements is reduced, and when the diffusing element is defined by surface diffusion, the feeling of roughness can be suppressed by reducing the average peak-valley distance Sm.

  Therefore, the antiglare film 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is such that the average distance between the diffusion elements, that is, the average crest / valley distance Sm of the surface 14 satisfies 300 μm or less, more preferably 220 μm or less. It is. The average distance between the diffusing elements, that is, the average peak-to-valley distance Sm of the surface 14 is preferably 2 μm or more from the viewpoint of appropriate control of diffuse reflection characteristics and coloring, but from the viewpoint of practical controllability, it is 50 μm. The above is preferable.

It should be noted that the resolution d [dpi] at which a person with visual acuity V can distinguish between black and white with respect to an object at a distance D [cm] is
d = 2.54 × 3438 × V / D
It becomes. From this calculation, the resolution that can be recognized by a human with a visual acuity of 1.0 at a viewing distance of 100 cm is determined to be about 290 μm. Therefore, it is considered that when the average mountain-valley interval Sm is within the above range, it is possible to suppress the feeling of roughness in the visual sense.

  In addition, the average mountain-valley interval Sm of the anti-glare film 1 is measured, for example, using a Surfcorder ET4000A manufactured by Kosaka Research Co., Ltd. as a fully automatic fine shape measuring instrument in accordance with JIS B0601-1994, It is calculated | required as a roughness parameter from the acquired roughness curve.

  On the other hand, the surface glare is affected by the relationship between the distance between the diffusing elements of the anti-glare film 1 and the pixel pitch, and is therefore preferably adjusted according to the pixel pitch of the applied image display device. This is because if the distance between the diffusing elements is not small with respect to the pixel pitch, the relative positional relationship varies among the diffusing elements, and thus it is visually recognized as surface glare. Therefore, the surface glare can be improved by setting the distance between the diffusing elements to 1/3 or less, more preferably 1/4 or less of the pixel size of the image display device.

  Thus, the anti-glare film 1 by 1st Embodiment which has fine uneven | corrugated shape on the surface is comprised, for example with resin. The resin used for the antiglare film 1 is at least one of, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin that is cured by ultraviolet rays or an electron beam, a thermosetting resin that is cured by heat, and a thermoplastic resin from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture. Including one. Examples of the photosensitive resin include acrylate resins such as urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyol acrylate, polyether acrylate, and melamine acrylate. As the characteristics after curing, those having excellent translucency from the viewpoint of image transparency and those having high hardness from the viewpoint of scratch resistance are particularly preferred and can be appropriately selected. The ionizing radiation curable resin is not particularly limited to an ultraviolet curable resin or the like and can be used as long as it has translucency, but the hue of transmitted light and the amount of transmitted light are remarkable due to coloring and haze. Those that do not change to are preferred.

  Such a photosensitive resin is obtained by blending a photopolymerization initiator with an organic material such as a monomer, oligomer, or polymer that can form a resin. For example, a urethane acrylate resin is obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with an isocyanate monomer or a prepolymer, and reacting the resulting product with an acrylate or methacrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group.

  As the photopolymerization initiator, for example, benzophenone derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives and the like can be used alone or in combination. As an ingredient for further improving film formation, for example, an acrylic resin may be appropriately selected and blended with the photosensitive resin.

  Moreover, you may make it add a light stabilizer, a ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, antioxidant, etc. to a photosensitive resin suitably as needed. Further, silica fine particles or the like may be added as a viscosity modifier.

(1-2) Manufacturing method of anti-glare film Next, the manufacturing method of the anti-glare film 1 by 1st Embodiment is demonstrated using FIG.

(Matrix fabrication process)
First, a base material to be processed is prepared. Examples of the shape of the base material include a substrate shape, a sheet shape, a film shape, and a block shape. Moreover, as a material of a base material, a plastics, a metal, glass etc. are mentioned, for example. Next, the substrate is processed using, for example, a mask imaging method using a KrF excimer laser, a pressing method, a method using a stamping stamper, a cutting method, a sand blasting method, a wet etching method, etc. The fine concavo-convex shape corresponding to the surface 14 of the antiglare film 1 is patterned. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2A, a mother die 21 having a fine concavo-convex shape opposite to the surface 14 is obtained. In addition, the surface of the mother die 21 has a fine concavo-convex shape that allows the antiglare film 1 to obtain the diffuse reflection characteristics as described above, and the average peak-to-valley spacing Sm is 300 μm or less, more preferably 220 μm or less.

(Replication mold production process)
Next, a conductive film is formed on the fine concavo-convex shape of the mother die 21 obtained as described above by, for example, an electroless plating method. Here, the conductive film is a metal film made of a metal such as nickel. Next, the mother die 21 on which the conductive film is formed is attached to an electroforming apparatus, and a metal plating layer such as a nickel plating layer is formed on the conductive film by electroplating, for example. Thereafter, the metal plating layer is peeled off from the mother die 21. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2B, a duplicate mold 22 having a fine concavo-convex shape opposite to the mother mold 21 is obtained.

Next, after the surface of the replica mold 22 obtained as described above is subjected to surface treatment, a metal plating layer such as a nickel plating layer is formed on the fine concavo-convex shape by, for example, an electroplating method. Thereafter, the metal plating layer is peeled from the duplicate mold 22. As described above, as shown in FIG. 2C, the duplicate mold 23 having the same fine uneven shape as that of the mother die 21 is obtained.
If the mother mold is easily damaged like an organic material, make a child mold and a grandchild mold from the mother mold as described above. However, if the mother mold is hard to be damaged and the child mold can be produced many times, the mother mold is processed into the same shape as the anti-glare layer, and this inverter mold is used. Transfer type.

(Preparation process of antiglare film)
Next, as shown in FIG. 2D, a photosensitive resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin is poured onto the fine concavo-convex shape of the replication mold 23 obtained as described above, so that the thickness of the photosensitive resin is substantially uniform. To. In addition, since the fine unevenness | corrugation shape of the surface 14 is obtained by shape transfer, it is not necessary to contain fine particles in the photosensitive resin, but fine particles may be added for fine adjustment of the haze value or the surface shape. .

  Next, for example, light such as ultraviolet rays is irradiated from the poured photosensitive resin side to cure the resin. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2E, the cured photosensitive resin is peeled from the replication mold 23. As described above, the antiglare film 1 in which the surface 14 is formed with a gentle uneven shape with gentle undulations is produced.

  Thus, the produced anti-glare film 1 has the anti-glare property and the suppression of white turbidity by defining the diffuse reflection characteristics as described above. Further, by defining the interval between the diffusing elements formed on the surface 14, the feeling of roughness is suppressed. Therefore, by using such an antiglare film 1 for various display devices such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an electroluminescence display, and a CRT display, a display excellent in both antiglare and contrast can be realized. Visibility can be improved.

(1) Second Embodiment (2-1) Configuration of Antiglare Film FIG. 3 is an example of an enlarged sectional view showing the configuration of the antiglare film according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The antiglare film 1 includes a base material 11 and an antiglare layer 12 having fine particles 13 provided on the base material 11. A plurality of convex portions are formed as diffusion elements by the fine particles 13 on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, and the entire surface of the antiglare layer 12 has a fine uneven shape. As a result of intensive studies on the diffuse reflection characteristics of the antiglare film 1, the present inventors define the diffuse reflection characteristics as follows, thereby providing both the antiglare property and the suppression of the cloudiness. The film 1 was successfully obtained.

  Regarding anti-glare properties, it is necessary to reduce the absolute value of specular reflection light intensity, but it is important that the diffuse reflection characteristics do not change abruptly. This is because human visual sensitivity correlates with the logarithmic intensity of light, and when the logarithmic intensity of the diffuse reflection characteristic changes abruptly, the reflection edge of the light source is visually recognized and it is felt that there is no antiglare property. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the antiglare film 1 of the second embodiment is incident on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 from the direction 3 at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal 2. Reflected light intensity I (α) in the direction 5 at an arbitrary angle α within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction 4 with respect to the incident light, and reflected light intensity in the direction 6 further shifted from the angle α to the wide angle side by 1 °. The ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) with I (α + 1) satisfies the diffuse reflection characteristic larger than 0.1. Thereby, since the logarithmic intensity change of reflected light can be made within −1, the edge of the reflected image is blurred and the antiglare property can be obtained. On the other hand, when the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) of the reflected light intensity is increased, the anti-glare property is obtained, but the white turbidity is increased. Therefore, the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) of the reflected light intensity is 0. .6 or less is preferable.

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the angle (α) and the reflected light intensity I (α) when the regular reflection direction with respect to the incident light on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 is 0 °. The arrow in the figure indicates the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. The present inventors relate to incident light incident from the direction 3 at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal 2 to the surface of the antiglare layer 12, and 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity. It was found that the antiglare property similar to the diffuse reflection characteristic defined above can be obtained by setting the total angle of the reflected light intensity to 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less. If the full width of this angle is less than 6.0 °, the change in intensity is steep and the edges are easily observed. If it exceeds 28.0 °, anti-glare properties are obtained, but white turbidity appears. It is.

  Similarly, with respect to the incident light incident from the direction 3 at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal 2 to the surface of the antiglare layer 12, 1/1000 of the peak of the reflected light intensity. It was found that the antiglare property similar to the diffuse reflection characteristic defined above can be obtained by setting the total width of the angle that becomes the reflected light intensity to be 10.0 ° or more and 45.0 ° or less. In addition, it is conceivable that the full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/10 with respect to the peak is similarly defined, but each of the glossy surface on which reflection is felt and the surface having an appropriate anti-glare property Some diffuse reflection characteristics are similar up to an angle at which the intensity is about 1/10, and it has been found that antiglare properties cannot be obtained simply by defining the diffuse reflection characteristics.

  Here, the diffuse reflection characteristic of the anti-glare film 1 is obtained by measuring the reflected light intensity using, for example, a goniophotometer GP-1-3D manufactured by Optec. At that time, in order to measure the diffuse reflection characteristics of the antiglare film 1 itself while suppressing the influence of the back surface reflection, black glass is provided on the surface of the antiglare film 1 on which the antiglare layer 12 is not formed via an adhesive. Or it measures by sticking a black acrylic board.

  On the other hand, for the cloudiness, the reflectance at an angle of 10 ° or more from the regular reflection direction is important. This is because the white turbidity is reduced by reducing the light component diffused from the regular reflection direction to a wide angle. Therefore, the antiglare film 1 of the second embodiment is standard for incident light incident from the direction 3 at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal 2 to the surface of the antiglare layer 12. When the specular reflection light intensity of the diffuser is normalized as 1, the gain reflected in the direction of 20 ° or more from the specular reflection direction satisfies the diffuse reflection characteristic of 0.02 or less, more preferably the specular reflection direction The gain reflected in the direction of 20 ° or more from the angle of 0.01 is 0.01 or less, and the gain reflected in the direction of 10 ° or more from the regular reflection direction is 0.25 or less, more preferably 0.08 or less. Thereby, the cloudiness of an anti-glare film can be suppressed. The gain is the reflected light intensity obtained when standardized with a standard diffuser plate. Here, the same reflected light intensity when measured using the barium sulfate standard diffuser plate is standardized as 1. Is the time value.

  Moreover, the surface haze of the antiglare film 1 is preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 3.0% or less. This is because when the surface haze is 5.0% or less, the cloudiness is reduced, and when the surface haze is 3.0% or less, the cloudiness is less felt. The surface haze is a value when surface scattering is detected, and the higher the surface haze, the greater the white turbidity. On the other hand, the internal haze is not particularly limited, and is determined by the fine particles 12 contained in the antiglare layer 12 or the like.

  Here, the internal haze is, for example, a haze meter HM-150 based on measurement conditions in accordance with JIS K7136, with an antiglare film 1 in which an adhesive having a haze value of 1.0% or less is bonded to the surface of the antiglare layer 12. It is obtained by measuring using (Murakami Color Research Laboratory). Further, the surface haze is obtained by measuring the anti-glare film 1 by the same method as the method for obtaining the internal haze, and obtaining the difference between the obtained value and the value of the internal haze.

  Such optical properties of the antiglare film 1 are defined by the fact that a diffusion element is formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 and the surface of the antiglare layer 12 has a fine uneven shape. Further, by reducing the size of the diffusing element, it is possible to suppress the feeling of visual roughness and the scintillation felt by screen glare (hereinafter, screen glare is referred to as surface glare as appropriate).

  The rough texture is that when a uniform intensity light source is reflected by the anti-glare film 1, the direction of reflection in one diffusing element is different, so that a granular feeling with different brightness can be seen. . Therefore, when this anti-glare film 1 is applied to an image display device and observed away from the optimum viewing distance of this image display device, the spacing between the diffusing elements is set so that each diffusing element is less than or equal to the separable spacing. Smaller is better. Specifically, when the diffusing element is defined by volume diffusion, the average distance between the diffusing elements is reduced, and when the diffusing element is defined by surface diffusion, the feeling of roughness can be suppressed by reducing the average peak-valley distance Sm.

  Therefore, in the antiglare film 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the average interval between the diffusing elements, that is, the average peak / valley interval Sm on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 satisfies 300 μm or less, and more preferably 220 μm or less. It satisfies. In addition, the average distance between the diffusing elements, that is, the average crest-and-valley distance Sm on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 is preferably 2 μm or more from the viewpoint of appropriate control of diffuse reflection characteristics and coloring, but from the viewpoint of practical controllability. Is preferably 50 μm or more.

It should be noted that the resolution d [dpi] at which a person with visual acuity V can distinguish between black and white with respect to an object at a distance D [cm] is
d = 2.54 × 3438 × V / D
It becomes. From this calculation, the resolution that can be recognized by a human with a visual acuity of 1.0 at a viewing distance of 100 cm is determined to be about 290 μm. Therefore, it is considered that when the average mountain-valley interval Sm is within the above range, it is possible to suppress the feeling of roughness in the visual sense.

  In addition, the average mountain-valley interval Sm of the anti-glare film 1 is measured, for example, using a Surfcorder ET4000A manufactured by Kosaka Research Co., Ltd. as a fully automatic fine shape measuring instrument in accordance with JIS B0601-1994, It is calculated | required as a roughness parameter from the acquired roughness curve.

  On the other hand, the surface glare is affected by the relationship between the distance between the diffusing elements of the anti-glare film 1 and the pixel pitch, and is therefore preferably adjusted according to the pixel pitch of the applied image display device. This is because if the distance between the diffusing elements is not small with respect to the pixel pitch, the relative positional relationship varies among the diffusing elements, and thus it is visually recognized as surface glare. Therefore, the surface glare can be improved by setting the distance between the diffusing elements to 1/3 or less, more preferably 1/4 or less of the pixel size of the image display device.

  Thus, the glare-proof layer 12 by 2nd Embodiment which has fine uneven | corrugated shape on the surface contains the microparticles | fine-particles 13 in resin, for example. In the fine uneven shape on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, the fine particles 13 are preferably covered with a resin such as an ionizing radiation curable resin. Further, this uneven shape is preferably a gentle uneven shape. For example, it is preferable that a plurality of fine particles 13 are appropriately aggregated in the in-plane direction to form one diffusion element. As long as it has the diffuse reflection characteristics described above, the entire surface of the aggregated fine particles 13 may be covered with a resin such as an ionizing radiation curable resin or a thermosetting resin, or the surface of the fine particles 13 may be exposed. However, if the fine particles 13 protrude from the anti-glare layer 12 to form a steep gradient portion, it is difficult to satisfy the above-described diffuse reflection characteristics and a rough feeling is caused, so that the surface of the fine particles 13 is exposed. For example, it is preferable that only a part of the surface of the fine particle 13 located at the tip 7 of the convex portion which is a diffusing element becomes the exposed portion.

  Here, “the plurality of fine particles 13 are appropriately aggregated in the in-plane direction” means (1) all the fine particles 13 are aggregated only in the in-plane direction without overlapping the thickness direction of the antiglare layer 12. (2) Most of the fine particles 13 aggregate in the in-plane direction, and the remaining fine particles 13 cause an increase in white turbidity (the turbidity when measured using a black glass plate is 2. It means overlapping in the thickness direction within a range that does not exceed 0). Ideally, all of the fine particles 13 form a two-dimensional aggregate, but some fine particles 13 do not become aggregates and are isolated so long as the white turbidity is not increased. May exist.

  The resin used for the antiglare layer 12 is preferably an ultraviolet ray, an ionizing radiation curable resin that is cured by an electron beam, or a thermosetting resin that is cured by heat. Most preferred is a functional resin. As such a photosensitive resin, for example, acrylate resins such as urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyol acrylate, polyether acrylate, and melamine acrylate can be used. As the characteristics after curing, those having excellent translucency from the viewpoint of image transparency and those having high hardness from the viewpoint of scratch resistance are particularly preferred and can be appropriately selected. The ionizing radiation curable resin is not particularly limited to the ultraviolet curable resin and can be used as long as it has translucency. However, the hue of transmitted light and the amount of transmitted light are notable due to coloring and haze. Those that do not change are preferred.

  Such a photosensitive resin is obtained by blending a photopolymerization initiator with an organic material such as a monomer, oligomer, or polymer that can form a resin. For example, a urethane acrylate resin is obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with an isocyanate monomer or a prepolymer, and reacting the resulting product with an acrylate or methacrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group.

  As the photopolymerization initiator, for example, benzophenone derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives and the like can be used alone or in combination. As an ingredient for further improving film formation, for example, an acrylic resin may be appropriately selected and blended with the photosensitive resin.

  Moreover, you may make it add a light stabilizer, a ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, antioxidant, etc. to a photosensitive resin suitably as needed. Further, silica fine particles or the like may be added as a viscosity modifier.

  For example, organic fine particles or inorganic fine particles are used as the fine particles 13. As the organic fine particles, for example, beads such as acrylic, styrene, acrylic-styrene copolymer, melamine, and polycarbonate beads can be used. There is no particular limitation such as cross-linking and non-cross-linking, and any plastic spherical or flat microparticle can be used. For example, fine particles 13 having an average particle diameter of 5 nm or more and 15 μm or less are used. If it is 15 μm or more, there is a problem that the light reflected from the surface looks glaring, and if it is 5 nm or less, there is a problem that particles dispersed at the time of coating preparation reaggregate at the time of application. The average particle diameter of the fine particles 13 can be measured by, for example, a laser diffraction method.

  Moreover, although not shown in figure, it is good also as the anti-glare film 1 which has the anti-glare layer which consists of a layer which further contains the layer which does not contain a filler on the anti-glare layer 12, or does not contain it, and consists of two layers.

  As the base material 11, for example, a plastic film having transparency can be used. As such a film, a known polymer film can be used. Specifically, for example, triacetyl cellulose, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyamide, aramid, polyethylene, poly It can be used by appropriately selecting from known resin films such as acrylate, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, diacetyl cellulose, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, urea resin, urethane resin, melamine resin, etc. it can. In addition, as a base material, it is not restricted to a film, For example, you may use the plastic sheet | seat, board | substrate, etc. which have transparency.

  The thickness of the base material 11 is not specifically limited, It can be used suitably. Although it is preferable that it is 38-100 micrometers from the point of productivity, it is not limited to this.

(2-2) Manufacturing method of anti-glare film Next, the manufacturing method of the anti-glare film 1 by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. First, for example, the above-mentioned ionizing radiation curable resin, fine particles 13 and, if necessary, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, an antioxidant and the like are mixed with a solvent, and the fine particles 13 are mixed. The paint is dispersed. The solvent is not particularly limited, and for example, an organic solvent such as t-butanol, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) can be used.

  Next, this paint is applied almost uniformly on the substrate 11 described above. It does not specifically limit as a coating method, It is possible to apply a well-known coating method. As the coating method, for example, micro gravure coating method, wire bar coating method, direct gravure coating method, die coating method, dipping method, spray coating method, reverse roll coating method, curtain coating method, comma coating method, knife coating method, Examples include spin coating.

  The coating thickness is adjusted to an optimal solid content so that the average thickness after drying is 3 μm or more and 30 μm or less, preferably 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less. This is because when the film thickness is thinner than the above range, it is difficult to obtain a desired hardness, and when it is thicker than the above range, it may curl greatly.

  After coating, the paint is dried at a high temperature to volatilize the solvent. Benard cells are formed by the convection generated during the drying, and the surface of the antiglare layer 12 can be formed into a gentle irregular shape having an appropriate period. In the antiglare film 1 of the second embodiment, for example, the individual fine particles 13 are not uniformly dispersed, but a plurality of fine particles 13 are appropriately aggregated by convection to form one diffusing element. The surface shape can be obtained. The drying temperature and drying time can be appropriately determined depending on the boiling point of the solvent contained in the paint. In that case, in consideration of the heat resistance of the base material 11, it is preferable to select the base material 11 within a range in which deformation due to heat shrinkage does not occur. In addition, it is preferable to adjust the drying conditions and the like so that convection of the ionizing radiation curable resin is appropriately generated and a desired surface shape is formed.

Hereinafter, specific drying and curing steps will be described.
First, the paint applied on the substrate 11 is dried at a predetermined temperature to generate convection in the paint, and the fine particles 13 are appropriately aggregated in the in-plane direction by the convection, thereby two-dimensional aggregation. Form a collection. Thereby, while a solvent volatilizes, a Benard cell is formed in the coating-film surface. When the fine particles 13 are overlapped in the thickness direction of the coating film to form a three-dimensional aggregate, a steep angle component is formed on the surface of the antiglare layer, and the cloudiness is increased.

  In the present invention, the Benard cell refers to a convection phenomenon occurring in the paint and a surface structure caused by convection in the solvent drying step. Moreover, in this invention, all the surface structures formed in the drying process of a solvent are called Benard cell, The shape is arbitrary and is not limited to a cyclic structure.

  The degree of aggregation of the fine particles 13 can be selected, for example, by appropriately adjusting the surface tension of the solvent and the surface energy of the fine particles 13.

  Moreover, it is preferable that resin contained in a coating material is a liquid state after drying. By doing in this way, a meniscus can be formed between Benard cells. Therefore, it is possible to form a smooth undulating fine uneven shape on the surface of the coating film.

  The drying conditions are not particularly limited, and may be natural drying or artificial drying that adjusts the drying temperature, drying time, and the like. However, when wind is applied to the surface of the paint at the time of drying, it is preferable not to generate a wind pattern on the surface of the coating film. This is because when the wind ripples are generated, it is difficult to form a desired undulating fine uneven shape on the surface of the antiglare layer, and it is difficult to achieve both antiglare property and contrast.

  Next, the resin dried on the substrate 11 is cured by, for example, ionizing radiation irradiation or heating. As a result, a swell with a large period is formed with the two-dimensional aggregate as one mountain. That is, a smooth fine uneven shape having a longer period than that of the conventional one is formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12.

  Examples of the curing energy source for curing the ionizing radiation curable resin to form the antiglare layer 12 include electron beams, ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and gamma rays, but ultraviolet rays are preferable from the viewpoint of production equipment. Furthermore, the ultraviolet ray source is not particularly limited, and a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, or the like is appropriately used. The integrated irradiation dose can be selected as appropriate so that the resin used is cured and the resin and the substrate 11 are not yellowed. The irradiation atmosphere can be appropriately selected according to the degree of resin curing, and can be performed in air or in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.

  Thus, the produced anti-glare film 1 has the anti-glare property and the suppression of white turbidity by defining the diffuse reflection characteristics as described above. Further, by defining the distance between the diffusing elements formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, the feeling of roughness is suppressed. Therefore, by using such an antiglare film 1 for various display devices such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an electroluminescence display, and a CRT display, a display excellent in both antiglare and contrast can be realized. Visibility can be improved.

(2) Third Embodiment (3-1) Configuration of Antiglare Film As shown in FIG. 6, the antiglare film 1 of the third embodiment is provided with an antiglare layer 12 on a substrate 11. Thus, a plurality of convex portions are formed as diffusion elements on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, and the entire surface has a fine uneven shape. The fine concavo-convex shape on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 is formed by producing a replication mold from a mother mold produced by fine processing and performing a shape transfer method. In addition, since the base material 11, the diffuse reflection characteristic, and the average space | interval of a spreading | diffusion element by 3rd Embodiment of this invention are the same as that of the above-mentioned 1st and 2nd embodiment, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The antiglare layer 12 according to the third embodiment is formed of the same ionizing radiation curable resin or thermoplastic resin as that of the first and second embodiments described above. The desired uneven shape on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 can be obtained by transferring the uneven shape on the surface of the mold using a replication mold as described later. The antiglare layer 12 does not need to contain the fine particles 13 in particular, but can be added for fine adjustment of the haze value and the surface shape.

(3-2) Manufacturing Method of Antiglare Film Hereinafter, a manufacturing method of the antiglare film 1 according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

(Matrix fabrication process)
First, a base material to be processed is prepared. Examples of the shape of the base material include a substrate shape, a sheet shape, a film shape, and a block shape. Moreover, as a material of a base material, a plastics, a metal, glass etc. are mentioned, for example. Next, the substrate is processed using, for example, a mask imaging method using a KrF excimer laser, a pressing method, a method using a stamping stamper, a cutting method, a sand blasting method, a wet etching method, etc. The fine concavo-convex shape corresponding to the surface of the antiglare layer 12 is patterned. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7A, a mother die 21 having a fine uneven shape opposite to the antiglare layer 12 is obtained. Note that the surface of the mother die 21 has a fine concavo-convex shape such that the antiglare film 1 of the third embodiment can obtain the same diffuse reflection characteristics as those of the first and second embodiments, and the average mountain valley spacing Sm. Is 300 μm or less, more preferably 220 μm or less.

(Replication mold production process)
Next, a conductive film is formed on the fine concavo-convex shape of the mother die 21 obtained as described above by, for example, an electroless plating method. Here, the conductive film is a metal film made of a metal such as nickel. Next, the mother die 21 on which the conductive film is formed is attached to an electroforming apparatus, and a metal plating layer such as a nickel plating layer is formed on the conductive film by electroplating, for example. Thereafter, the metal plating layer is peeled off from the mother die 21. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7B, a duplicate mold 22 having a fine concavo-convex shape opposite to the mother mold 21 is obtained.

Next, after the surface of the replica mold 22 obtained as described above is subjected to surface treatment, a metal plating layer such as a nickel plating layer is formed on the fine concavo-convex shape by, for example, an electroplating method. Thereafter, the metal plating layer is peeled from the duplicate mold 22. As described above, as shown in FIG. 7C, a duplicate mold 23 having the same fine uneven shape as that of the mother die 21 is obtained.
If the mother mold is easily damaged like an organic material, make a child mold and a grandchild mold from the mother mold as described above. However, if the mother mold is hard to be damaged and the child mold can be produced many times, the mother mold is processed into the same shape as the anti-glare layer, and this inverter mold is used. Transfer type.

(Preparation process of antiglare layer)
Next, a photosensitive resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin is poured onto the fine concavo-convex shape of the replication mold 23 obtained as described above. As the photosensitive resin for forming the antiglare layer 12, for example, the same resin as in the first and second embodiments can be used. The fine uneven shape of the antiglare layer 12 is obtained by shape transfer, so that it is not particularly necessary to contain fine particles in the photosensitive resin, but fine particles are added for fine adjustment of haze value and surface shape. Also good.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7D, the base material 11 serving as a support base material is overlaid on the replication mold 23. Then, for example, a force is applied to the substrate 11 by a rubber roller to make the thickness of the photosensitive resin uniform. Next, for example, light such as ultraviolet rays is irradiated from the side of the substrate 11 to cure, for example, the photosensitive resin. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 7E, the cured photosensitive resin is peeled from the replication mold 23. By the above, the glare-proof layer 12 is formed in one main surface of the base material 11, and the anti-glare film 1 which has the above-mentioned diffuse reflection characteristic is produced.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal display device to which the antiglare film 1 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is applied. As shown in FIG. 8, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel 31 and a light source 33 provided immediately below the liquid crystal panel 31, and the liquid crystal panel 31 includes an antiglare film 1 on the display surface side. .

  The light source 33 is for supplying light to the liquid crystal panel 31 and includes, for example, a fluorescent lamp (FL), an EL (Electro Luminescence), an LED (Light Emitting Diode), or the like. The liquid crystal panel 31 is for displaying information by temporally and spatially modulating light supplied from the light source 33. Polarizers 32 a and 32 b are provided on both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel 31. The polarizing plate 32a and the polarizing plate 32b allow only one of orthogonally polarized components of incident light to pass therethrough and shield the other by absorption. The polarizing plate 32a and the polarizing plate 32b are provided so that the transmission axes are orthogonal to each other, for example.

  The anti-glare film 1 according to the third embodiment has anti-glare properties and a reduced cloudiness by defining the diffuse reflection characteristics as described above. Further, by defining the distance between the diffusing elements formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, the feeling of roughness is suppressed. Therefore, the visibility of the image displayed on a liquid crystal display device can be improved by using the anti-glare film 1 for a liquid crystal display device.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited only to these Examples. Examples 1 to 7 and Example 9 correspond to the second embodiment, and Example 8 corresponds to the third embodiment.

<Example 1>
After mixing the raw materials of the coating composition shown below and stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 1 hour, this coating was applied to one side of a 80 μm thick triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) with a bar coater. did.
(Paint composition)
Polyfunctional monomer 100 parts by weight Polymer 5 parts by weight Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Geigy) 3 parts by weight Solvent (t-butanol) 153 parts by weight Crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) 10 parts by weight

After coating, the film was dried in an oven at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then cured by irradiating with 100 mJ / cm ^{2 of} ultraviolet rays to obtain an antiglare film of Example 1 having a dry film thickness of 11.8 μm. It was.

<Example 2>
The antiglare film of Example 2 is the same as Example 1 except that the crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) is 3 parts by weight and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 11.0 μm. Got.

<Example 3>
The same as Example 1 except that 5 parts by weight of crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) and 156 parts by weight of solvent (t-butanol) were blended, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 9.4 μm. Thus, an antiglare film of Example 3 was obtained.

<Example 4>
Other than blending 3 parts by weight of the crosslinkable styrene beads SBX4 (Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) instead of the crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4.7 μm. Obtained the anti-glare film of Example 4 like Example 1. FIG.

<Example 5>
In place of crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of crosslinkable styrene beads SX500 (Soken Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 156 parts by weight of solvent (t-butanol) are blended to dry the antiglare layer. An antiglare film of Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness was 9.7 μm.

<Example 6>
In Example 1, 10 parts by weight of crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) and 163 parts by weight of solvent (t-butanol) were blended, and the antiglare layer had a dry film thickness of 12.3 μm. A characteristic film was obtained. Then, the antiglare film of Example 6 which consists of two layers was apply | coated to this antiglare film, and the coating material produced by mix | blending the raw material which consists of the following coating composition was obtained.
(Paint composition)
Polyfunctional monomer 100 parts by weight Polymer 5 parts by weight Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Geigy) 3 parts by weight Solvent (t-butanol) 149 parts by weight

<Example 7>
In Example 2, Example 2 was applied except that the film was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Cosmo Shine A4300 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 100 μm and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 10.9 μm. In the same manner as described above, an antiglare film of Example 7 was obtained.

<Example 8>
A master mold was prepared using a mask imaging method using a KrF excimer laser, a nickel plating layer was formed on the master mold, and then peeled off from the mother mold to prepare a first replica mold. Then, after forming a nickel plating layer on the first replication mold, the second replication mold was manufactured by peeling from the mother mold. A coating material having the following coating composition is poured into the second replication mold, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Cosmo Shine A4300 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 75 μm is layered thereon, and a load of 1 kg is applied with a rubber roller. However, the thickness was made uniform. Next, after irradiating 500 mJ / cm ² of ultraviolet rays on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to cure the ultraviolet curable resin, the ultraviolet curable resin was peeled from the second replication mold, and Example 8 An antiglare film was obtained. The dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 5.5 μm.
(Paint composition)
Polyfunctional monomer 100 parts by weight Polymer 5 parts by weight Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Geigy) 3 parts by weight Solvent (t-butanol) 149 parts by weight

<Example 9>
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw materials shown in the following coating composition were blended and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 7.3 μm.
(Paint composition)
Polyfunctional acrylic oligomer 100 parts by weight photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 184 manufactured by Ciba Geigy) 3 parts by weight solvent Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 150 parts by weight propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGM) 37 parts by weight silica beads SS50B (manufactured by Tosoh Silica Corporation) ) 12 parts by weight dispersant DOPA15 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 10 parts by weight

<Comparative Example 1>
An antiglare film of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 6.8 μm.

<Comparative example 2>
An antiglare film of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 7.6 μm.

<Comparative Example 3>
Instead of the crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), 3 parts by weight of the crosslinkable styrene beads SX500 (manufactured by Soken Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were blended, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 8.5 μm. Except for this, the antiglare film of Comparative Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

<Comparative example 4>
Instead of crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of crosslinkable styrene beads SX500 (manufactured by Soken Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were blended, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer was 11.2 μm. Except for this, the antiglare film of Comparative Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.

<Comparative Example 5>
Instead of the crosslinkable styrene beads SBX6 (manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Industry Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of the crosslinkable styrene beads SBX12 (manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) are blended, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 18.7 μm. An antiglare film of Comparative Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that.

  About the anti-glare film produced in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5, the optical characteristic was evaluated with the method described below.

(Evaluation of diffuse reflection characteristics)
In order to suppress the influence of back surface reflection and measure the diffuse reflection characteristics of the antiglare film itself, the back surfaces of the produced antiglare films of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are blackened via an adhesive. Bonded to glass. The diffuse reflection characteristic was measured using a goniophotometer GP-1-3D (manufactured by Optec Co., Ltd.) and irradiated with collimated incident light from the -5 ° direction with respect to the sample surface. The reflected light intensity was determined under dark room conditions by scanning up to 0 ° to evaluate the diffuse reflection characteristics. At this time, the luminance meter of the goniophotometer had a 2 ° field of view.

  FIG. 9 shows graphs representing the diffuse reflection characteristics of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 2, respectively. In FIG. 9, L1 is Example 1, L2 is Example 2, and L3 is Comparative Example 2. FIG. 10 shows graphs representing the diffuse reflection characteristics of Example 3, Example 6, and Comparative Example 4, respectively. In FIG. 9, L4 is Example 3, L5 is Example 6, and L6 is Comparative Example 4. The evaluation content of the diffuse reflection characteristic is that the reflected light intensity at an arbitrary angle α is I (α), and the reflected light intensity at an angle 1 ° wider than α is I (α + 1) as the maximum intensity change per 1 °. I (α + 1) / I (α) was obtained, and the maximum value of the reflected light intensity ratio was obtained. Further, the full width of the angle when the reflected light intensity was 1/2, 1/100, and 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity was obtained. In calculating the gain, the same evaluation was performed on a standard diffusion plate made of barium sulfate, and the reflected light intensity in the regular reflection direction was set to 1, and Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were prevented. The reflected light intensity in the direction of 20 ° from the regular reflection direction of the glare film was normalized and determined.

(Measure haze)
Based on the measurement conditions based on JIS K7136, the haze was measured using a haze meter HM-150 (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory). Anti-glare films in which each of the anti-glare films of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are bonded together with an adhesive having a haze value of 1% or less on the anti-glare layer surface of these anti-glare films. The latter was defined as internal haze, and the difference between the former and the latter was determined as surface haze.

(Measurement of average spacing of diffusing elements)
Based on the measurement conditions based on JIS B0601-1994, each anti-glare film of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5 using fully automatic fine shape measuring machine Surfcorder ET4000A (made by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.) The surface roughness was measured, a roughness curve was obtained from the two-dimensional cross-sectional curve, the average length Sm of the contour curve elements was calculated as the roughness parameter, and the average spacing of the diffusion elements was obtained.

(Evaluation of anti-glare property)
About each anti-glare film of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5, in order to suppress the influence of back surface reflection and evaluate the anti-glare property of the anti-glare film itself, the back surface of each produced anti-glare film was used. It bonded to black glass through the adhesive. After that, using a fluorescent lamp in which two fluorescent lamps are exposed in parallel as a light source, images reflected on each anti-glare film are visually observed from the regular reflection direction, and whether or not the fluorescent lamp is reflected. Was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: The outline of the fluorescent lamp is unknown (two fluorescent lamps appear to be one)
B: The fluorescent lamp can be recognized to some extent, but the outline is blurred. C: The fluorescent lamp is reflected as it is.

(Evaluation of white turbidity)
The cloudiness is felt when diffused light from a fluorescent lamp or the like is diffused on the surface of the antiglare layer and reflected light is detected. Therefore, using a commercially available spectrocolorimeter, the value obtained by simulating and reproducing the above phenomenon was determined as the turbidity. A specific method for measuring white turbidity is as follows. First, in order to suppress the influence of back surface reflection and to evaluate the diffuse reflection of the antiglare film itself, the back surfaces of the produced antiglare films of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are each interposed with an adhesive. And bonded to black glass. Thereafter, using an integrating sphere type spectrocolorimeter SP64 (manufactured by X-Rite Co., Ltd.), the surface of each antiglare film is irradiated with diffused light, and is tilted at an angle of 8 ° from the normal direction of each antiglare film. A d / 8 ° optical system that measures reflected light with an existing detector was employed. The measurement value was a SPEX mode in which only the diffuse reflection component was detected except for the regular reflection component, and the measurement was performed at a detection viewing angle of 2 °. It has been confirmed by experiments that the white turbidity measured by this method has a correlation with the visually felt white turbidity.

  Moreover, after bonding the back surface of each produced anti-glare film of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5 to a black acrylic board (Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Acrylite L 502) via an adhesive. The white turbidity was measured in the same manner as that measured using black glass. In addition, the value which measured the black acrylic board in the state which does not stick an anti-glare film was 0.2.

  Here, with reference to Table 1 and FIG. 11, the correlation between the white turbidity when measured by bonding black glass and the white turbidity when measured by bonding a black acrylic plate will be described.

  In Table 1, the antiglare films of Sample 1 to Sample 14 obtained by controlling the white turbidity by appropriately adjusting the film thickness and particle size in the same production method as in Example 1, black glass and black acrylic plate The measurement result of the white turbidity measured by pasting each is shown. Table 1 shows values obtained by calculating the turbidity on the acrylic plate using the regression line obtained by these correlations. From Table 1, it can be seen that a value close to the measured value is obtained by calculation.

As shown in FIG. 11, the regression line obtained by the correlation between the black glass and the black acrylic plate is the white turbidity when the black glass plate is bonded to the horizontal axis and the white turbidity when the black acrylic plate is bonded to the vertical axis. Obtained by plotting degrees. From FIG. 11, when the white turbidity when the glass plate is bonded is x and the white turbidity when the acrylic plate is bonded is y,
y = 1.1,039x-0.4735
The regression line is obtained, and the determination coefficient R ² is 0.9909. From the above, it can be seen that there is a high correlation between the turbidity measured using a black glass plate and the turbidity measured using a black acrylic plate.

(Evaluation of roughness)
About each anti-glare film of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5, in order to suppress the influence of back surface reflection and to evaluate the rough feeling of an anti-glare film, the back surface of the produced anti-glare film was adhesive. It bonded to black glass via. After that, the light box (made by Hakuba) was irradiated as a plane light source from a direction inclined about 30 ° from the normal direction of the antiglare film, and the images reflected on each antiglare film were visually observed from the regular reflection direction. The roughness was evaluated according to the following criteria.
◎: Roughness is not felt even when observing as close to 50 cm ○: Roughness is not felt if confirmed from a position 1 m away, but a rough feeling is felt when approaching 50 cm × From a position 1 m away Check and feel rough

  Table 2 shows the results of optical property evaluation of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5. In addition, a cloudiness shows the result of bonding and evaluating black glass, and the result of bonding and evaluating a black acrylic board, respectively.

  In Table 2, when attention is paid to the maximum intensity change per 1 °, Examples 1 to 9 in which this value is larger than 0.1 are evaluated criteria B because the edge of the fluorescent lamp is blurred in the anti-glare property evaluation. And was found to have an appropriate antiglare property. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 in which the maximum intensity change per 1 ° was 0.1 or less, a fluorescent lamp was reflected in the anti-glare evaluation, and the anti-glare property was not sufficient. Therefore, it was found that the maximum intensity change per 1 ° was greater than 0.1 in order to have antiglare properties. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the maximum intensity change per 1 ° was larger than 0.1 and the antiglare property was high, but the gain at 20 ° was as high as 0.02 or more and the cloudiness was strong. It was found that the maximum intensity change per 1 ° is preferably 0.6 or less.

  Next, paying attention to the full width of the angle of the reflected light intensity of 1/100, all of the examples 1 to 9 had a full angle width of 6.0 ° or more, and appropriate antiglare properties were obtained. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, the total angle width was smaller than 6.0 °, and the fluorescent lamp was reflected in the visual evaluation of the antiglare property, and the antiglare property was insufficient. Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 had a full width greater than 28.0 ° and high antiglare properties, but the gain at 20 ° was higher than 0.02 and the cloudiness was strong. Therefore, in order to have anti-glare properties, it has been found that the total width of the angle of the reflected light intensity of 1/100 is 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less.

  Next, when paying attention to the full width of the angle of the reflected light intensity of 1/1000, the full width of the angle in each of Examples 1 to 9 was 10.0 ° or more, and appropriate antiglare properties were obtained. On the other hand, the values of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 were smaller than 10.0 °, and the fluorescent lamp was reflected in the visual evaluation of the antiglare property, and the antiglare property was insufficient. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the full width was larger than 45.0 ° and the antiglare property was high, but the gain at 20 ° was higher than 0.02 and the cloudiness was strong. Therefore, in order to have anti-glare property, it turned out that the full width of the angle of reflected light intensity 1/1000 is 10.0 degrees or more and 45.0 degrees or less.

  On the other hand, when paying attention to the full width (half-value width) of the angle of the reflected light intensity 1/2, those satisfying the requirement of the half-width of 7 ° or more with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity defined in JP-A-2002-365410 are compared. Although it is only Example 1 and high anti-glare property is obtained, the white turbidity when measured by bonding a black acrylic plate is higher than 1.7, and it is difficult to achieve both anti-glare property and suppression of white turbidity. I understood. Further, even if Comparative Examples 3 and 4 in which the antiglare property is insufficient and Example 5 in which an appropriate antiglare property is obtained, there is no tendency in the value, and the angle of the reflected light intensity is 1/2. It was found that the antiglare property cannot be satisfied only by defining the full width of the film. This is presumably because the human visual sensitivity has a correlation with the logarithm of the light intensity, so that it is necessary to gradually reduce the light intensity until it falls to 1/100 or 1/1000 intensity.

  Moreover, the anti-glare films of Examples 1 to 9 having a gain at 20 ° of 0.02 or less were obtained by using a black acrylic plate in the white turbidity evaluation defined by d / 8 ° reflectance excluding the regular reflection component. The cloudiness when measured by pasting was 1.7 or less. Since the antiglare films of Examples 1 to 9 having a white turbidity of 1.7 or less when measured by pasting a black acrylic plate have a small black float, when actually applied to the display surface, The black looked tight. Furthermore, in the antiglare films of Example 2 and Examples 4 to 9 having a white turbidity of 1.2 or less when measured by bonding a black acrylic plate, the black float is further suppressed and the contrast is improved. Because it looked improved, I felt the reality in the video. On the other hand, the anti-glare films of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 having a gain at 20 ° of 0.02 or more had a strong cloudiness.

  Further, in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 having a strong white turbidity, the surface haze is preferably from 0% to 5.0% because the surface haze is greater than 5.0%. Since the surface haze is 3.0% or less, it is more preferably 0% or more and 3.0% or less. On the other hand, the internal haze is not particularly defined, and is determined by adding necessary fine particles to obtain a surface shape for satisfying desired diffuse reflection characteristics.

  Next, paying attention to the average spacing of the diffusing elements, in the antiglare films of Examples 1 to 9 in which the average spacing is 300 μm or less, a feeling of roughness is felt in the reflected image when observed from a position 1 m away. I couldn't. In particular, the antiglare films of Examples 1, 2 and 4 to 6, Example 8 and Example 9 having an average interval of 220 μm or less do not feel rough even when approaching 50 cm. It was a fine surface property. On the other hand, Comparative Example 5 having an average interval larger than 330 μm felt rough and could not be said to be a high-definition antiglare film. Further, as shown in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, even in an antiglare film having an average interval of 300 μm or less, the maximum intensity change per 1 ° as a diffuse reflection characteristic is more than 0.1 and 0.6 or less, or reflected light Roughness is felt when the angle width of 1/100 of the intensity is 6.0 ° to 28.0 ° or the angle width of 1/1000 does not satisfy the condition of 10.0 ° to 45.0 °. Felt prominently. This seems to be due to unevenness occurring on a relatively flat surface.

  Furthermore, this rough feeling is felt when the surface of the contained fine particles protrudes greatly from the antiglare layer made of an ultraviolet curable resin. Therefore, the particle surface is covered with an ionizing radiation curable resin, and a steep gradient portion of the particle is formed. It was further improved by eliminating. For that purpose, it was also effective to classify the particles to be added and remove the large particles.

  When each anti-glare film of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was applied to an image display device and the image light was confirmed, scintillation called surface glare was noticeably observed in the film of Comparative Example 5. On the other hand, almost no scintillation was observed in Examples 1-9.

  From the above results, the ratio of the reflected light intensity at an arbitrary angle within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction and the reflected light intensity shifted from the arbitrary angle by 1 ° to the wide angle side as the diffuse reflection characteristic, and 20 from the regular reflection direction. It was found that an antiglare film having an antiglare property and a little cloudiness can be obtained by defining the gain of light reflected in a direction of more than 0 °. Similarly, the total width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 or 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity, and the gain of the light reflected in the direction of 20 ° or more from the regular reflection direction are specified. Thus, it was found that an antiglare film having an antiglare property and less cloudiness was obtained. Furthermore, it has been found that the roughness of the antiglare film can be reduced by defining the average spacing of the diffusing elements in addition to the above diffuse reflection characteristics.

  The first, second, and third embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is based on the technical idea of the present invention. Various modifications are possible. For example, the numerical values, materials, procedures, and the like given in the above-described embodiments are merely examples, and different numerical values, materials, procedures may be used as necessary.

  For example, in the second embodiment described above, an example in which fine irregularities are formed on the surface by convection of a resin containing fine particles has been described. However, a resin that does not contain fine particles may be used as long as Benard cells are formed by convection.

  In the third embodiment, the example in which the antiglare film is used for the liquid crystal display has been described. However, the display device is not limited to this, and a plasma display, an electroluminescence display, a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display, and the like are used. It can be applied to various display devices.

  In the first and third embodiments described above, an example in which fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the antiglare film by the shape transfer method has been described. For example, a sandblast method, a laser processing method, a wet method is used on the surface of the substrate. It is also possible to form unevenness on the surface by applying an etching method or the like.

It is an example of the expanded sectional view which shows the structure of the anti-glare film by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an example of sectional drawing which shows the preparation processes of the anti-glare film by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an example of the expanded sectional view which shows the structure of the anti-glare film by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows typically the state which measures the reflective diffusion characteristic with respect to the incident light which entered at any angle of 5 to 30 degrees from the normal line direction of the anti-glare film by 2nd Embodiment of this invention It is an example. It is a graph showing an example of the diffuse reflection characteristic of the anti-glare film by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is an example of the expanded sectional view which shows the structure of the anti-glare film by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is an example of sectional drawing which shows the preparation processes of the anti-glare film by 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is an example of the structure of the liquid crystal display device to which the anti-glare film by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention is applied. 6 is a graph showing diffuse reflection characteristics of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 2. 6 is a graph showing diffuse reflection characteristics of Example 3, Example 6, and Comparative Example 4; It is a graph for demonstrating the correlation of the white turbidity when measured using black glass, and the white turbidity when measured using a black acrylic board.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Anti-glare film 11 ... Base material 12 ... Anti-glare layer 13 ... Fine particle 21 ... Matrix 22, 23 ... Duplication metal mold 31 ... Liquid crystal panel 32a, 32b ... Polarizing plate 33 ... Light source

Claims (15)

A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on the substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
With respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusing elements are formed, to an arbitrary angle α within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction to the wide angle side . The maximum value of the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) shifted from the arbitrary angle α by 1 ° to the wide angle side is greater than 0.1. 0.6 or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Antiglare film. Has a fine uneven shape on the surface,
2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the optical characteristics are mainly defined by the fine uneven shape. The above coating, anti-glare film according to claim 1, wherein the at least one ionizing radiation-curable resin and thermosetting resin. Antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein only a portion of the aggregated or the surface of the fine particles is not exposed, or the surface of the fine particles located at the top of the diffusion element is exposed. Anti-glare film according to claim 1, wherein a meniscus is formed between the diffusion elements.   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the surface haze is 5.0% or less. A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on the substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
The angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity with respect to the incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusing elements are formed. The total width of is 6.0 ° or more and 28.0 ° or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Antiglare film. A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on the substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
The angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity with respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which the plurality of diffusing elements are formed. The total width of is 10.0 ° or more and 45.0 ° or less,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Antiglare film. Applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate;
Forming a diffusing element on the surface by generating convection in the paint by drying the applied paint, aggregating the fine particles by the convection; and
With
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
Reflected light intensity I (α) at an angle α within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction to the wide angle side with respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface. And the maximum value of the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the arbitrary angle α and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) shifted by 1 ° to the wide angle side is greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.6,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 A method for producing an antiglare film. The method for producing an antiglare film according to claim 9 , wherein in the step of drying the applied paint, a Benard cell is formed by the convection. Applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate;
Forming a diffusing element on the surface by generating convection in the paint by drying the applied paint, aggregating the fine particles by the convection; and
With
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
With respect to incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface, the total width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/100 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity is 6.0 °. Above 28.0 °,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 A method for producing an antiglare film. Applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate;
Forming a diffusing element on the surface by generating convection in the paint by drying the applied paint, aggregating the fine particles by the convection; and
With
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
Regarding incident light incident at any angle within the range of 5 ° to 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface, the total width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity is 1/1000 with respect to the peak of the reflected light intensity is 10.0 °. Above 45.0 °,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 A method for producing an antiglare film. A display for displaying an image;
An anti-glare film provided on the display surface side of the display unit,
The antiglare film is
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on the substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
The anti-glare film is within 10 ° from the regular reflection direction to the wide angle side with respect to incident light incident at any angle of 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusion elements are formed. The maximum value of the ratio I (α + 1) / I (α) between the reflected light intensity I (α) at an arbitrary angle α and the reflected light intensity I (α + 1) shifted from the arbitrary angle α to the wide angle side by 1 ° Is greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.6,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Display device. A display for displaying an image;
An anti-glare film provided on the display surface side of the display unit,
The antiglare film is
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on the substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
The antiglare film relates to incident light incident at an angle of 5 ° or more and within 30 ° from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusion elements are formed, and is 1/100 with respect to the peak of reflected light intensity. The total angle of the reflected light intensity is 6.0 ° to 28.0 °,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Display device. A display for displaying an image;
An anti-glare film provided on the display surface side of the display unit,
The antiglare film is
A substrate;
An antiglare layer provided on the substrate;
With
The antiglare layer has a diffusing element on the surface,
The diffusion element of the antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing organic fine particles on a substrate and aggregating the fine particles in an in-plane direction by convection of the paint,
The average particle diameter of the fine particles is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the dry film thickness of the antiglare layer is 4 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the fine particles are covered with the paint.
The average distance between the diffusion elements is 50 μm or more and 300 μm or less,
The antiglare film relates to incident light incident at any angle of 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less from the normal direction of the surface on which a plurality of diffusion elements are formed, and is 1/1000 relative to the peak of reflected light intensity. The full width of the angle at which the reflected light intensity becomes 10.0 ° to 45.0 °,
And when normalized specular reflected light intensity of a standard diffuse plate as 1, the gain of the light reflected from the specular reflection direction to the direction of 20 ° or more, characterized in that chromatic optical properties than 0.02 Display device.

Images