JP4146163B2 - Construction method for creation of microclimate - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for constructing a microclimate-friendly creation site.
[0002]
[Background technology]
In a time when natural resources and energy could not be used, traditional dwelling was a place that incorporated the wisdom to enjoy the four seasons in harmony with it, without blocking nature, in this changing climate of the four seasons. In order to alleviate the heat and cold, people made mansion forests and hedges on the site and planted trees. Trees have the function of microclimate formation to mitigate the surrounding climate, creating a human-scale climate around the house.
[0003]
Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the microclimate and the indoor climate. The indoor climate inside the building depends on the external microclimate conditions. The microclimate is affected by the subclimate and the subclimate is affected by the medium climate. In other words, each climate has a nested relationship. For example, the living environment of people living in Japan is closely connected to other regions and outer space on the earth. Therefore, it is desirable to make effective use of this microclimate.
[0004]
In modern times, however, the functions that have been fulfilled by planting have been replaced by housing equipment, which has been placed mainly as an aesthetic target. The weight of the aesthetic function such as the beauty of appearance is biased, and the role of microclimate formation has been reduced. Therefore, little consideration is given to the microclimate, which is an important role in improving the living environment.
[0005]
Also, humans have evolved over time to match the climate like other organisms, but the homogenous artificial environmental adjustments that have not changed too much in recent homes are biologically unhealthy It is also pointed out. From this point of view, the indoor environment of a house is not mainly considered to be an environmental adjustment by an artificial method such as air conditioning, but rather a natural climate adjustment that takes advantage of the characteristics of the local climate and climate. To compensate for the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter by artificial means, it will lead to the creation of a healthy home.
[0006]
Furthermore, each has been performed separately, such as residential land development and landscaping. However, considering the natural environment, ecosystems, and energy issues comprehensively, it is desirable to create an environment in which a microclimate is effectively formed throughout the residential area.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The subject of the present invention is that when the construction site is constructed, the construction method is devised so that the microclimate acts effectively throughout the construction area, improving the health and asset value of the residents, and the environment. The aim is to provide a microclimate-friendly construction method that can improve the problem.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to the formation of a residential land, including the construction of a building, the exterior construction process, the landscaping process, etc., in association with the formation of a microclimate, which is a limited regional climate of the entire construction area. It is the construction direction of the creation site that consistently and systematically performs the process and landscaping process,
The creation site includes a park and a road, and in the residential land creation process, the trees that can be used in the park, roadside trees, etc. are left, and other trees are cut or transplanted into the creation site,
The road is constructed so as to intersect with the prevailing wind direction of the creation area,
In the landscaping process, deciduous broad-leaved trees and evergreen trees are planted on the boundaries of the park and the streets that are the roads and the sidewalks adjacent to the roads ,
A green zone is provided in the site, and the buildings are arranged in a staggered pattern adjacent to the green zone.
The ground surface of the park is formed of lawn, and of the roads and streets, at least the ground surface material of the streets is formed of water-permeable paving stone, and the site of the building is greened .
[0009]
According to the present invention, when the construction site is constructed, the microclimate acts effectively throughout the construction area by improving the construction method, improving the health and asset value of the resident. And can improve environmental problems.
[0010]
In other words, the entire site is integrated by systematically performing the residential land development process, exterior construction process, and landscaping process, so it can be smoothly integrated with the natural environment and a favorable microclimate is formed. Will be. In addition, it can prevent destruction of the natural environment, reduce waste of resources and energy, and form an excellent environment for landscapes.
[0011]
In addition, the trees that have existed in the former land are suitable for the local climate, climate, and ecosystem, so they will form a better microclimate and indoor climate for residents. In this way, the residential land creation process, exterior construction process and landscaping process are consistently and systematically performed to improve the environment of the entire development site, and the microclimate is formed, so that the health of residents is taken into consideration. The asset value of buildings and land can be improved, and the living environment with excellent scenery can be obtained.
[0012]
It is desirable that the above-mentioned creation site includes a park and a road. In the residential land creation process, it is desirable to leave trees that can be used in parks, roadside trees, etc., and to cut other trees or transplant them into the creation site. In this case, destruction of the natural environment is prevented, and waste of resources and energy is suppressed. In other words, by deciding the trees to be used in parks and street trees in advance, only the minimum number of trees will be cut down. Since the cut trees can be reused in the garden of the building, etc., the natural environment and ecosystem It can be set as a suitable construction method. In addition, the work process is reduced, leading to a reduction in labor costs.
[0013]
It is desirable to provide a green zone in the creation site and place a building adjacent to the green zone. In this arrangement, a bleeding effect can be obtained. This is because the trees in the green zone are exposed to sunlight, the transpiration of the leaves becomes active, and photosynthesis is activated, so that the temperature of the leaves is kept almost equal to the air temperature. In addition, the roof of the building and the road are heated by solar radiation, and an updraft of warm air is generated. However, since the downflow of cool air stayed by the trees is drawn toward the building and the road, the ambient temperature is stabilized.
[0014]
It is desirable to create at least a part of the park as a green zone. When constructed in this way, the oozing effect of trees acts on buildings around the park. Furthermore, since it becomes aesthetically pleasing, it also relaxes the mental state of the person using the park.
[0015]
It is preferable that the ground surface of the park is formed of grass, and at least the road surface of the road and the street is formed of permeable paving stone, and the site of the building is greened. By forming the ground surface of the park with grass, it prevents the deterioration of the thermal environment caused by solar radiation in the summer and suppresses drying in the winter. In addition, by forming the ground surfaces of roads and streets with water-permeable paving stones, the underground penetration of rainwater is promoted, and there is an effect of controlling the heat island phenomenon in summer. In addition, a green climate is formed by maintaining the green surface of the building site, and a better environment can be maintained.
[0016]
It is desirable to plant deciduous broad-leaved trees and evergreen trees within the park site and at the boundary between the road and the street. When planted in this way, in the summer season, the leaves of deciduous broad-leaved trees and evergreen trees shield sunlight, so that the health of people who go through streets and people in parks is taken into consideration. In winter, the evergreen tree promotes the wind-damping effect, relieves the cold, and the deciduous broad-leaved tree that has fallen leaves incorporates solar radiation, so a microclimate is formed in the entire site and the environmental condition is favorable. In addition, by arranging planting, the landscape of the entire site is improved.
[0017]
It is desirable to construct the road so as to intersect with the prevailing wind direction of the building area. When constructed in this way, the wind attenuation effect can be promoted, so the cold in winter can be alleviated.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, an entire land development area is associated with microclimate formation, and a land preparation method, in which a residential land preparation process, an exterior construction process, and a landscaping process are consistently and systematically, is shown as an example.
[0019]
Fig.1 (a)-(c) is process drawing which shows the procedure in a residential land creation process. FIG. 1A shows the satoyama S before creation. In the satoyama S, there are many trees 2 and 4 of a high tree, trees 3 and 5 of a middle shrub, and the like. FIG.1 (b) has shown the satoyama (residential land development site) S1 after creation. In this residential land development process, unnecessary trees are cut down or necessary trees are transplanted. Here, only the minimum tree 5 is cut from the satoyama S, and the tree 3 is temporarily transplanted temporarily to an appropriate place. That is, the trees 2 and 4 are not cut or transplanted because they are used in parks, green zones, and roadside trees, which will be described later.
[0020]
FIG. 1C shows a stage where a road and a street are constructed and a building T such as a house is constructed or a stage where the building has been built in the residential land creation process. In addition, the tree 3 that had been temporarily transplanted has been re-transplanted into the hedges and gardens of the house T. At this stage, a plurality of houses T are being built, and the form as a residential area is being prepared, and a construction method in consideration of the microclimate is being performed in the entire residential area including roads and streets. In this way, in the residential land development process, in consideration of resources and the environment, only the minimum tree 5 is cut out of the trees cut from the satoyama S. In addition, temporary transplantation of trees 3 that are temporarily unnecessary is performed to create roads and streets.
[0021]
2A and 2B show the forms of the street G and the road D in the summer. The ground surfaces of the street G and the road D are formed of a water-permeable paving stone H, which has a structure that promotes underground penetration of rainwater. A leafy deciduous broad-leaved tree 10 and an evergreen tree 11 are planted at the boundary between the street G and the road D. Therefore, the deciduous broad-leaved tree 10 blocks the sunlight B, and the evergreen tree 11 can prevent heat radiation from the road D.
[0022]
3A and 3B show the forms of the street G and the road D in the winter season. Deciduous broad-leaved trees 10a and evergreen trees 11 having fallen leaves are present at the boundary between the street G and the road D in which the ground surface is formed of the permeable stone H. Therefore, the sunlight B warms the street G and the road D through the deciduous broad-leaved tree 10a, and the evergreen tree 11 prevents the wind W. In particular, the trees used in the street G use the trees of the Satoyama S, and those that have already grown sufficiently are arranged in a well-balanced manner, so that the microclimate formation function works effectively, for example, strong winds in winter About 70 to 80% of (wind W) can be prevented.
[0023]
FIG. 4 shows the topography of the residential land development site S1. The flat land A has a flat topography, and the south-facing slope L has a gentle topography. In this embodiment, a house (building) T, a park, and the like are constructed over the flat ground A around the south-facing slope L. Map 6 compares the latitudes of Amami Oshima, Tokyo, and Hakodate with the slopes of the south-facing slope L, flat land A, and north-facing slope Z in the Japanese archipelago, and shows that the amount of sunlight is almost the same. Show. That is, when the amount of sunlight on the flat ground A is the amount of sunlight in Tokyo, the amount of sunlight on the south facing slope L corresponds to the amount of sunlight on Amami Oshima, and the amount of sunlight on the north facing slope Z corresponds to the amount of sunlight on Hakodate. It shows that there is a difference in the amount of sunshine.
[0024]
The south-facing slope L is cool in summer, warm enough to receive solar radiation in winter, and avoids the north wind. In spring and autumn, the sun receives around 70% of the summer sun, creating a pleasant microclimate. Moreover, by creating a residential area from the south-facing slope L to the flat land A, a comfortable living environment with little temperature difference between summer and winter is formed throughout the year.
[0025]
FIG. 5 shows a construction method for the road D and a placement method for the houses T. The road D is constructed so as to intersect the wind W. Moreover, the arrangement | positioning method of the house T arrange | positions by adjusting the position of houses little by little so that the adjacent house T, the house T1, and the house T2 may not be parallel to each other. For example, a staggered arrangement is used. Accordingly, wind turbulence R occurs on the house T and the road D, and the wind attenuation effect acts. Further, since the wind W varies depending on the region, it is preferable to construct the road D in consideration of the prevailing wind in the region.
[0026]
FIG. 6 shows an example of the landscaping process and the exterior process. Here, a park K including a green zone, a plurality of houses T (residential area J), a road D, a street G, and the like are illustrated. Trees 2 and 4 in the park K are the same trees that were not cut or transplanted in the residential land development process. The tree 3 planted in the site of the house T is a tree similar to the tree temporarily transplanted in the residential land development process, and may be replanted as a garden planting or hedge of the house T. .
[0027]
In addition, since the residential area J and the park K including the green zone are adjacent to each other, a bleeding effect can be obtained. This is because the leaves 2 and 4 of the park K including the green zone receive sunlight B, so that the transpiration of the leaves becomes active and photosynthesis is activated, so that the temperature of the leaves is kept lower than the temperature. become. The roof Y and the road D of the house T also receive sunlight B and are heated to generate a warm updraft U. For this reason, since the downward flow I of cold air is drawn toward the house T and the road D from the park K side including the green zone, the surroundings of the residential area J and the environment in the house can be made comfortable.
[0028]
In addition, lawns are planted on the ground surface of the park K and the ground surface of the house T. Therefore, the green grass in the summer reflects sunlight and prevents heat radiation due to an increase in the ground surface temperature. In winter, the withered lawn absorbs solar radiation and raises the surface temperature above ambient temperature. In other words, it is suitable for the summer / winter climate mode and is effective for microclimate formation.
[0029]
The landscaping process described here refers to the process up to the construction of parks, green areas, etc., and the exterior process refers to the construction of housing fences, gates, carports, etc., and arrangement of garden planting etc. Refers to a process. In this embodiment, in order to effectively form a microclimate throughout the entire development area, the residential land development process, exterior construction process, and landscaping process are performed systematically. Of course, the order of construction of the house T after logging and provisional transplantation, construction of the park K in the landscaping process, gates in the exterior process, planting of the garden, etc. may be changed back and forth as necessary. It is.
[0030]
It is desirable to provide a planting zone between the residential area J or the street G and the road D. As this planting zone, for example, a deciduous broad-leaved tree or an evergreen tree of a high tree is formed. The planting zone can prevent dust and noise from the road D. Moreover, the same effect can be obtained by forming with a fence and hedge instead of a planting zone. A waterway can also be provided adjacent to a planting belt or fence and hedge. The waterway is located on the residential area J or the street G side. By providing the waterway, it can be used for domestic water and fire prevention water, and it can collect and flow dust, and the surrounding environment can be conditioned during the dry season in winter. There is an effect to.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when constructing a land for construction, it is related to the microclimate formation of the entire construction area, and the housing land creation process and the exterior process and the landscaping process are performed consistently and systematically. The microclimate can work effectively throughout the development area, improving the health and property value of residents, and improving environmental issues.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a creation site construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing roads and streets in summer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing roads and streets in winter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing the topography of the formation site according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a house and a road according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view showing a landscaping process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the microclimate and the indoor climate.
[Explanation of symbols]
2, 3, 4, 5 Tree 6 Map 10 Deciduous broad-leaved tree 10a Deciduous broad-leaved tree 11 Evergreen tree A Flat land B Sunlight D Road G Street H Permeable pavement I Cold downflow J Residential area K Park L South-facing slope R Turbulent flow S Satoyama S1 residential land development T housing (building)
T1 Housing T2 Housing U Updraft W Wind Y Roof Z North facing slope

Claims (3)

When performing residential land creation process including building construction, exterior construction process, landscaping process, etc., the residential land creation process, exterior construction process and landscaping process are related to microclimate formation, which is a limited regional climate of the entire construction area. Is a construction method of construction site that consistently and systematically performs,
The creation site includes a park and a road, and in the residential land creation process, the trees that can be used in the park, roadside trees, etc. are left, and other trees are cut or transplanted into the creation site,
The road is constructed so as to intersect with the prevailing wind direction of the creation area,
In the landscaping process, deciduous broad-leaved trees and evergreen trees are planted on the boundaries of the park and the streets that are the roads and the sidewalks adjacent to the roads,
A green zone is provided in the site, and the buildings are arranged in a staggered pattern adjacent to the green zone.
The ground surface of the park is formed of lawn, among the roads and streets, at least the ground surface material of the streets is formed of permeable paving stones, and the site of the building is greened on the ground surface. Ground construction method.   2. The microclimate-friendly creation site construction method according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the park is created as a green zone.   2. The microclimate-friendly creation site construction method according to claim 1, wherein the topography of the creation site is created with a flat or gentle slope.

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