JP4125980B2 - Silica brick for coke oven and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Silica brick for coke oven and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP4125980B2
JP4125980B2 JP2003089152A JP2003089152A JP4125980B2 JP 4125980 B2 JP4125980 B2 JP 4125980B2 JP 2003089152 A JP2003089152 A JP 2003089152A JP 2003089152 A JP2003089152 A JP 2003089152A JP 4125980 B2 JP4125980 B2 JP 4125980B2
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Prior art keywords
brick
silica
pores
coal
coke oven
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JP2004292704A (en
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昌昭 三島
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に室炉式のコークス炉の炭化室炉壁用耐火物として使用する珪石れんがに関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
室炉式コークス炉の炉壁用耐火物として、従来から珪石れんが、シャモット質れんがなどが使用されている。中でも操業に伴う温度変動や装入石炭の荷重および乾留に伴う膨張で生じる静的応力および生成コークスの押し出しで生じる動的応力が加わる炭化室には珪石れんがが常用されている。
【0003】
常用されている珪石れんがは見掛け気孔率が20%程度で、平均開気孔径は20〜100ミクロン程度あるので、装入石炭の乾留過程で生成するコールタールピッチ成分は珪石れんが表面から内部へ浸透すると同時に生成コークスの一部とともに炉壁に付着炭を形成する。
【0004】
この付着炭の生成は、コークス押し出しを阻害する、付着炭を含むれんが表層が剥離するなどのコークス炉の操業を阻害する。そのため、火炎などによる焼き飛ばし処理によって付着炭を除去しているが、この焼き飛ばし処理はコークス生産性の低下につながる。
【0005】
このようにコークス炉における付着炭生成は、操業阻害および生産性低下の要因になっており、付着炭の軽減ないし防止が望まれている。
【0006】
この付着炭の軽減のための手段の一つとして、炭化室の珪石れんがの気孔を塞ぐ方法が過去種々提案されている。
【0007】
例えば、特許文献1には、SiO、Al、CaOおよびNaOを主成分とするフリットを焼成したガラス質被膜、または、ケイ酸塩もしくはリン酸塩を結合剤とし、SiOおよびAlを骨材主成分とする無機接着剤を焼成したガラス質被膜を珪石れんがの表面に形成することが開示されている。しかしながら、この被膜方法は、石炭装入時あるいは生成コークス押し出し時に炉壁が受ける摺動摩耗によって、ガラス被膜は徐々に摩滅損耗して行き、最終的にはガラス被膜が消滅し、早々にその機能を失ってしまう。また、ガラス被膜は、低融点物質を含むため、珪石れんが自体の耐食性を低下させて、その寿命を短くする問題もある。
また、特許文献2には、粒径0.01〜1.0μmの酸化クロムと炭酸カルシウムをコロイダルシリカ水溶液系に分散させた含浸液を2.5〜100mmHgの真空下で珪石れんがに含浸したコークス炉用れんが開示されている。このれんがは、その開気孔中に酸化クロムあるいは炭酸カルシウムの粒子が充填することによって気孔を細孔径化して、付着炭を低減するものである。
【0008】
しかしながら、この含浸方法は、れんがの焼成後に新たに含浸と乾燥という工程が増すという問題がある。しかも、含浸液の50%以上が水であり、実際の気孔へ充填される酸化物の割合は、体積として50%以下である。このため、完全に気孔を塞ぐためには含浸と乾燥の操作を繰り返す必要もある。さらに、気孔を塞ぐと、弾性率が向上し耐スポーリング性が低下する問題がある。この耐スポーリング性の低下は、石炭を頻繁に出し入れするため、炉壁の温度変化が大きいコークス炉の耐用性低下をもたらす。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開昭61−286284号公報
【0010】
【特許文献2】
特開平6−321662号公報
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、コークス炉炉壁を構成する珪石れんがに、コールタールピッチのような炭素の付着物の形成を少なくし、これによって、炭素の付着物除去のための作業を排除し、コークス炉の生産性の向上を図るものである。
【0012】
【課題を解決しようとする手段】
本発明は、炭化珪素や窒化珪素などの非酸化物系化合物がコールタールピッチに濡れにくいことに着目して上記の課題を解決したものである。
【0013】
コールタールピッチのような分極性の成分(フェノール類)を含む液体は、金属酸化物などのイオン結合性固体の表面を覆うことによって、表面エネルギーの大きな低下、すなわち、つまり濡れやすくなる。
【0014】
一方、炭化珪素や窒化珪素などの共有結合性固体の表面では、このような表面エネルギーの大きな低下は生じることがなく濡れ難い。そして、気孔内に炭化珪素や窒化珪素などを繊維状結晶として存在せしめることで、濡れ難いコールタールピッチとの接触面積を大きくすることでコールタールピッチの浸透による付着を止める効果がある。
【0015】
また、この繊維状結晶を充填して珪石れんがの気孔を塞いでも、充填物は繊維状であるため、れんがそのものの弾性率の上昇は少なく耐スポーリング性の低下はほとんどない。さらには、充填物はSiを含む繊維状結晶物であるため、酸化してもSiOとなり、れんがには悪影響を与えることはない。
【0016】
繊維状結晶の充填量は、気孔中に互いに間隔を有して存在し、体積で30%以上充填していることが望ましい。充填しすぎても特に問題にはならないが、少なすぎるとタールピッチの浸入を止めることができなくなる。れんが開気孔のうち50%以上に、体積割合で30%以上充填していることがより好ましい。
【0017】
本発明に適用できる珪石れんがは、一般的な珪石れんがの配合物中にSi粉末を添加して、成形、乾燥後、非酸化雰囲気下で焼成することによって得ることができる。非酸化雰囲気は、例えば、耐火物製の容器中に乾燥した成形体とコークス粉を入れて焼成する方法あるいは雰囲気ガスをコントロールするような公知の方法が利用できる。焼成中に、添加したSi粉末が気化して周囲に存在する窒素ガス、一酸化炭素ガス等と反応してれんがの気孔中にSiC、SiON及び/またはSiの結晶として析出するものと推定される。
【0018】
開気孔内部に析出したSiを含む繊維状結晶物には、SiC、SiON及び/またはSiが存在している。この繊維状結晶物は、石炭の乾留過程で生成するコールタールピッチに濡れ難い性質があるとともに、耐熱性も従来のガラス質被膜類に比較して非常に高い。また、結晶質であることから熱伝導性も従来のガラス質被膜類に比較して高く、コークス炉炉壁用れんがとして望ましい特性が付与されることになる。
【0019】
コークス炉の操業中に発生するコールタールピッチの浸透は、直径が1μm以上の大きさの開気孔に対して優先的に進行する。従って、コールタールピッチの付着を防止するためには、直径が1μm以上の開気孔内部にSiを含む繊維状結晶物を存在せしめる必要がある。直径が1μmよりも小さい開気孔内部にはSiを含む繊維状結晶物が存在しても存在しなくても、コールタールピッチの浸透に顕著な影響は与えない。
【0020】
Siを含む結晶物を構成するSiC、SiON、Si等は、その形態として、繊維状の他に、板状、棒状、柱状など種々のものがあり、本発明における繊維状結晶物とは、いわゆるホィスカーとも称されるもののことである。
【0021】
開気孔内部にSiを含む繊維状結晶物が存在する部分は、れんが表面から内部に向かって5mm以上の厚さがあれば十分であり、もちろんそれ以上の厚さがあって、れんが中心部までSiを含む繊維状結晶物が存在しても何ら不都合はない。しかしながら、厚さが5mmよりも少ないと、長期間に渡って操業するコークス炉炉壁用れんがとして実用上の寿命が不足して、好ましくない。
【0022】
このように、本発明の炉壁用珪石れんがは、開気孔内部が空洞ではなくて繊維状のSiを含む結晶物(SiC、SiON、Siなど)で占められており、実質的な開気孔径が従来の珪石れんがに比較して一桁小さく平均気孔径が10μmよりも小さい。このことから、石炭乾留生成物が付着し難く、コークス炉炭化室壁へ築造した場合には、従来の耐火物を築造した場合に比較してコークス生産性が向上する。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を実施例によって説明する。
【0024】
本発明のコークス炉用珪石れんがの実施例を比較例とともに表1及び表2に示す。表1はコークス炉築炉時のライニング用としての珪石れんがであり、実施例1〜3に使用した珪石配合物は、粒度調整した珪石を主体とする配合に0.1mm以下のSi粉末を2%含有するものであり、比較例1の珪石配合物は同じ配合でSi粉末を含有しないものである。表2はコークス炉の熱間補修用珪石れんがであり、実施例4〜6に使用した珪石配合物は、粒度調整した珪石と溶融シリカを主体とする配合に0.1mm以下のSi粉末を2%含有するものであり、比較例2の珪石配合物は同じ配合でSi粉末を含有しないものである。なお、表1及び表2に示す珪石配合物も微量の消石灰を含有している。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0004125980
【表2】
Figure 0004125980
このような珪石配合物を混練し、フリクションプレスによって成形し、実施例1と4はCOの焼成雰囲気下で、実施例2と5はCOとNの混合気の焼成雰囲気下で、実施例3と6はNの焼成雰囲気下で焼成し、それぞれ1400℃以上の温度で焼成して、気孔中にSiC、SiON、Siの繊維状結晶物が存在する珪石れんがを得た。比較例は何れも大気中で焼成したものである。
【0026】
表1と2に、それぞれの実施例における気孔中に存在する繊維状結晶物の種類と、れんがの嵩比重、見掛け気孔率、平均気孔径を示す。気孔中の繊維状結晶物は、EPMA及びX線解析で調査し特定した。
【0027】
「付着炭形成」は、JISR2101に規定の並型形状の焼成れんがの230×114mmの面に、粒径3mm以下に粉砕した石炭500gを載置し、大気を遮断した容器中で800℃、4時間加熱した後の付着物の状態を調べたものである。平均気孔系は水銀圧入法で測定した。
【0028】
実施例の珪石れんがは、比較例の珪石れんがと比較して、平均気孔径が小さくなっている。これは、焼成中に大きな気孔中に繊維状結晶物が析出したことで、気孔が小さくなっているためである。また、実施例のれんがの表面のコークス化物は手で簡単に剥すことができるが、比較例のコークス化物はれんがと強固に接着しており、手で剥すことが出来なかった。何れの実施例も、同じように気孔中にSiC、SiON、Siの繊維状結晶物を確認でき、表面のコークス化物も容易に剥すことができた。
【0029】
本発明の実施例のれんがを築造したコークス炉炭化室壁は、操業1ヶ月後でも付着炭の形成が認められなかった。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明において、開気孔内部にSiを含む繊維状結晶物が存在するコークス炉炉壁用珪石れんがは、以下のような特性を有する。
【0031】
1. 繊維状結晶物は非酸化物であることから、酸化物に比較してコールタールピッチに対して濡れ難い。
【0032】
2. 結晶物の形態が繊維状であるために開気孔の有効気孔径が格段に小さくなる。
【0033】
これにより、以下の効果を奏する。
【0034】
(1) 石炭の乾留過程で生成するコールタールピッチのれんが気孔への浸透が効果的に抑制され、生成コークスと一体化した付着炭の形成が低減される。
【0035】
(2) これらSiを含む繊維状結晶物は高熱伝導性であることから、炭化室炉壁を介して装入炭への伝熱が促進され、効率的にコークス化が進行する。
【0036】
(3) 付着炭の形成が低減するために、コークス生産性が向上する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a silica brick used mainly as a refractory for a carbonizing chamber furnace wall of a chamber furnace type coke oven.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, silica bricks and chamotte bricks have been used as refractories for the furnace wall of a chamber type coke oven. Among them, silica brick is commonly used in a carbonization chamber to which static stress caused by temperature fluctuations due to operation, load of charged coal and expansion caused by dry distillation, and dynamic stress caused by extrusion of generated coke are applied.
[0003]
Commonly used silica brick has an apparent porosity of about 20% and an average open pore size of about 20 to 100 microns, so the coal tar pitch component produced during the dry distillation process of the charged coal penetrates from the surface to the inside. At the same time, adhering coal is formed on the furnace wall together with a part of the generated coke.
[0004]
The formation of this adhering coal inhibits the operation of the coke oven, such as inhibiting the coke extrusion and the surface layer of the brick containing the adhering coal. For this reason, adhering charcoal is removed by a burning process using a flame or the like, but this burning process leads to a reduction in coke productivity.
[0005]
Thus, the production | generation of the adhesion coal in a coke oven has become a factor of operation inhibition and productivity fall, and reduction or prevention of adhesion coal is desired.
[0006]
As a means for reducing this adhered coal, various methods have been proposed in the past for closing the pores of the silica brick in the carbonization chamber.
[0007]
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a glassy film obtained by baking a frit mainly composed of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO and Na 2 O, or silicate or phosphate as a binder, and SiO 2 In addition, it is disclosed that a vitreous film obtained by firing an inorganic adhesive mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 is formed on the surface of a silica brick. However, in this coating method, the glass coating gradually wears and wears due to the sliding wear that the furnace wall receives when charging coal or extruding coke. Will be lost. Moreover, since a glass film contains a low melting point substance, there exists a problem which reduces the corrosion resistance of silica brick itself, and shortens the lifetime.
Patent Document 2 discloses a coke obtained by impregnating silica brick with an impregnating liquid obtained by dispersing chromium oxide having a particle size of 0.01 to 1.0 μm and calcium carbonate in an aqueous colloidal silica system under a vacuum of 2.5 to 100 mmHg. A furnace brick is disclosed. In this brick, the pores of the pores are reduced by filling the open pores with particles of chromium oxide or calcium carbonate, thereby reducing adhering coal.
[0008]
However, this impregnation method has a problem that new steps of impregnation and drying are added after the brick is fired. Moreover, 50% or more of the impregnating liquid is water, and the ratio of the oxide filled in the actual pores is 50% or less in volume. For this reason, it is necessary to repeat the impregnation and drying operations in order to completely close the pores. Furthermore, when the pores are closed, there is a problem that the elastic modulus is improved and the spalling resistance is lowered. This decrease in the spalling resistance results in a decrease in the durability of the coke oven where the temperature change of the furnace wall is large because coal is frequently taken in and out.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-286284
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-321662
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the formation of carbon deposits such as coal tar pitch in the silica bricks constituting the coke oven furnace wall, thereby reducing the work of removing carbon deposits. This is to improve the productivity of coke ovens.
[0012]
[Means to solve the problem]
The present invention solves the above problem by paying attention to the fact that non-oxide compounds such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride are not easily wetted by coal tar pitch.
[0013]
A liquid containing a polarizable component (phenols) such as coal tar pitch greatly reduces the surface energy, that is, easily wets, by covering the surface of an ion-binding solid such as a metal oxide.
[0014]
On the other hand, on the surface of a covalently bonded solid such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride, such a large reduction in surface energy does not occur and it is difficult to get wet. And by making silicon carbide, silicon nitride, etc. exist in the pores as fibrous crystals, there is an effect of stopping adhesion due to penetration of coal tar pitch by increasing the contact area with coal tar pitch which is difficult to wet.
[0015]
Moreover, even if this fibrous crystal is filled to close the pores of the silica brick, the filler is fibrous, so that the elastic modulus of the brick itself is small and the spalling resistance is hardly lowered. Furthermore, since the filler is a fibrous crystal containing Si, it becomes SiO 2 even when oxidized, and does not adversely affect the brick.
[0016]
The filling amount of the fibrous crystals is preferably present in the pores with a space between each other and filled by 30% or more by volume. If it is filled too much, there is no particular problem, but if it is too little, the penetration of tar pitch cannot be stopped. It is more preferable that 50% or more of the open pores are filled in a volume ratio of 30% or more.
[0017]
The silica brick applicable to the present invention can be obtained by adding Si powder to a general silica brick blend, molding, drying, and firing in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. As the non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, a known method such as a method in which a dried molded body and coke powder are put in a refractory container and baked, or an atmospheric gas is controlled can be used. During firing, the added Si powder vaporizes and reacts with the surrounding nitrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc., and precipitates as crystals of SiC, Si 2 ON 2 and / or Si 3 N 4 in the pores of the brick Presumed to be.
[0018]
SiC, Si 2 ON 2 and / or Si 3 N 4 are present in the fibrous crystal containing Si precipitated inside the open pores. This fibrous crystal is not easily wetted by the coal tar pitch generated during the carbonization process of coal, and also has a very high heat resistance compared to conventional glassy coatings. Further, since it is crystalline, its thermal conductivity is higher than that of conventional glassy coatings, and desirable characteristics are imparted as a brick for coke oven furnace walls.
[0019]
The penetration of coal tar pitch generated during the operation of the coke oven proceeds preferentially for open pores having a diameter of 1 μm or more. Therefore, in order to prevent adhesion of coal tar pitch, it is necessary to make a fibrous crystal substance containing Si present in the open pores having a diameter of 1 μm or more. The presence of Si-containing fibrous crystals in the open pores having a diameter smaller than 1 μm does not significantly affect the penetration of coal tar pitch.
[0020]
SiC, Si 2 ON 2 , Si 3 N 4, etc. constituting the crystal containing Si include various forms such as a plate, a rod, and a column in addition to the fiber, and the fiber in the present invention The crystal is a so-called whisker.
[0021]
The portion where the fibrous crystal containing Si is present inside the open pores is sufficient if the brick has a thickness of 5 mm or more from the surface toward the inside. Of course, the thickness is larger than that and the brick reaches the center. There is no inconvenience even if there is a fibrous crystal containing Si. However, if the thickness is less than 5 mm, it is not preferable because the practical life is short as a brick for a coke oven furnace wall that operates for a long period of time.
[0022]
Thus, the siliceous brick for furnace wall of the present invention is occupied by crystalline materials (SiC, Si 2 ON 2 , Si 3 N 4, etc.) containing fibrous Si instead of being hollow inside the open pores, The substantial open pore diameter is an order of magnitude smaller than that of conventional silica bricks, and the average pore diameter is smaller than 10 μm. For this reason, the carbonization product of coal is difficult to adhere, and when it is built on the coke oven carbonization chamber wall, the coke productivity is improved as compared with the case where a conventional refractory is built.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of examples.
[0024]
Examples of the silica brick for coke oven according to the present invention are shown in Tables 1 and 2 together with comparative examples. Table 1 shows silica bricks for lining at the time of building a coke oven, and the silica compound used in Examples 1 to 3 contains 2 powders of 0.1 mm or less of Si powder with a composition mainly composed of silica particles adjusted in particle size. %, And the silica stone composition of Comparative Example 1 is the same composition and does not contain Si powder. Table 2 shows hot repair silica bricks for coke ovens, and the silica compound used in Examples 4 to 6 is composed of 2 parts of Si powder of 0.1 mm or less in a composition mainly composed of silica particles adjusted in particle size and fused silica. The silica stone composition of Comparative Example 2 is the same composition and does not contain Si powder. In addition, the silica stone compound shown in Table 1 and Table 2 also contains a trace amount of slaked lime.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004125980
[Table 2]
Figure 0004125980
Such a silica stone compound is kneaded and molded by a friction press. Examples 1 and 4 are in a CO firing atmosphere, and Examples 2 and 5 are in a CO and N 2 mixture firing atmosphere. 3 and 6 are fired in a firing atmosphere of N 2 , fired at a temperature of 1400 ° C. or more, respectively, and a silica brick with SiC, Si 2 ON 2 , Si 3 N 4 fibrous crystals in the pores is obtained. Obtained. The comparative examples are all fired in the air.
[0026]
Tables 1 and 2 show the types of fibrous crystals present in the pores in each example, the bulk specific gravity of brick, the apparent porosity, and the average pore diameter. Fibrous crystals in the pores were investigated and identified by EPMA and X-ray analysis.
[0027]
“Adhesive coal formation” means that 500 g of coal pulverized to a particle size of 3 mm or less is placed on a 230 × 114 mm surface of fired bricks of the standard shape specified in JIS R2101, and the temperature is set at 800 ° C., 4 ° C. The state of deposits after heating for a period of time was examined. The average pore system was measured by mercury porosimetry.
[0028]
The silica brick of the example has an average pore diameter smaller than that of the silica brick of the comparative example. This is because the pores are reduced by the precipitation of fibrous crystals in the large pores during firing. In addition, the coked product on the surface of the brick of the example can be easily peeled by hand, but the coked product of the comparative example is firmly adhered to the brick and cannot be peeled by hand. In all of the examples, SiC, Si 2 ON 2 , and Si 3 N 4 fibrous crystals could be confirmed in the pores, and the surface coked products could be easily peeled off.
[0029]
In the coke oven carbonization chamber wall in which the brick of the example of the present invention was built, the formation of adhered coal was not recognized even after one month of operation.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, a silica brick for a coke oven furnace wall in which fibrous crystals containing Si are present inside the open pores has the following characteristics.
[0031]
1. Since the fibrous crystal is a non-oxide, it is less likely to get wet with coal tar pitch than an oxide.
[0032]
2. Since the crystalline form is fibrous, the effective pore diameter of the open pores is significantly reduced.
[0033]
Thereby, the following effects are produced.
[0034]
(1) The penetration of coal tar pitch bricks generated in the coal carbonization process into the pores is effectively suppressed, and the formation of adhered coal integrated with the produced coke is reduced.
[0035]
(2) Since the fibrous crystalline substance containing Si has high thermal conductivity, heat transfer to the charging coal is promoted through the coking chamber furnace wall, and coking progresses efficiently.
[0036]
(3) Since the formation of adhering coal is reduced, coke productivity is improved.

Claims (2)

気孔中にSiC、SiON及び/またはSiの繊維状結晶物を存在せしめてなるコークス炉用珪石れんが。A silica brick for a coke oven, in which fibrous crystals of SiC, Si 2 ON 2 and / or Si 3 N 4 are present in the pores. Si粉末を含有する珪石配合物の成形体を非酸化雰囲気下で焼成して、気孔中にSiC、SiON及び/またはSiの繊維状結晶物を存在せしめたコークス炉用珪石れんがの製造方法。Coke furnace siliceous stone in which a shaped body of a siliceous compound containing Si powder is fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and SiC, Si 2 ON 2 and / or Si 3 N 4 fibrous crystals are present in the pores. Brick manufacturing method.
JP2003089152A 2003-03-27 2003-03-27 Silica brick for coke oven and its manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related JP4125980B2 (en)

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CN101265073B (en) * 2008-04-18 2010-06-09 郑州大学 Composite silicon brick and preparation method thereof
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CN108947474A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-12-07 中碳能源(山东)有限公司 A kind of petroleum coke calciners of good heat conductivity tank skin brick and preparation method thereof

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