JP4122821B2 - Internal combustion engine with electromagnetically controlled valve - Google Patents
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- JP4122821B2 JP4122821B2 JP2002116063A JP2002116063A JP4122821B2 JP 4122821 B2 JP4122821 B2 JP 4122821B2 JP 2002116063 A JP2002116063 A JP 2002116063A JP 2002116063 A JP2002116063 A JP 2002116063A JP 4122821 B2 JP4122821 B2 JP 4122821B2
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、吸気ポートあるいは排気ポートの開閉を制御する電磁駆動弁を有する内燃機関に係り、特にその作動開始時或いは作動終了時の作動制御に係わる。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
内燃機関の吸気ポートあるいは排気ポートの開閉を電磁駆動弁により制御することは古くから考えられている。内燃機関の吸気弁や排気弁には、弁を開く時期、開いた弁を開状態に維持する期間、弁を閉じる時期、閉じた弁を閉状態に維持する期間のそれぞれについて個別の要請がある。弁体と、弁体を開弁位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第一の電磁駆動手段と、弁体を閉弁位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第二の電磁駆動手段と、弁体を開弁位置より離れる方向に付勢する第一のばねと、弁体を閉弁位置より離れる方向に付勢する第二のばねとを有する構造の電磁弁は、開弁時期、開弁期間、閉弁時期、閉弁期間を個別に制御できることから、この構造のものが内燃機関の吸気弁および排気弁として多く使用されている。
【０００３】
電磁駆動式の吸気弁あるいは排気弁については、その他にも内燃機関の作動に関する種々の要請に合わせた種々の制御が考えられており、それらが特開昭61-76713、特開平10-299436、特開平10-288013、特開2000-257481、特開2000-320357、特開2001-123808等に於いて提案されている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
電磁駆動弁が、弁体と、弁体を開弁位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第一の電磁駆動手段と、弁体を閉弁位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第二の電磁駆動手段と、弁体を開弁位置より離れる方向に付勢する第一のばねと、弁体を閉弁位置より離れる方向に付勢する第二のばねとを有する構造とされるときには、第一および第二の電磁駆動手段のいずれにも通電が行われていないとき弁体は開弁位置と閉弁位置の間の中間に位置し、第一および第二の電磁駆動手段に於けるアーマチュア（アーマチュアは両者に共通の場合が多い）は各電磁駆動手段の電磁コイルよりかなり（弁リフトの半分ほど）隔たっている。電磁力は距離の２乗に反比例して弱くなるので、このとき電磁駆動力が低く、電磁駆動手段の励磁に対する応答性が低下しているので、作動開始に先立って、一旦、アーマチュアを第一または第二の電磁駆動手段のいずれか一方に吸着させ、弁を全閉状態または弁全開状態に設定する初期駆動の操作が行われる。
【０００５】
上記の電磁駆動弁の初期駆動は、かかる電磁駆動弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体とそれを中立位置へ付勢する２つのばねとが固有振動数を有する振動系を構成していることから、その電磁コイルに上記の固有振動に同期したパルス電流を付加し、アーマチュアと弁体とからなる運動体の弁開閉方向の動きを共振により次第に増大させる要領にて行われている。これは明らかな励振行為であるが、従来かかる励振行為が各気筒の各弁について一斉に或いは順に行われている。しかし、かかる弁振動は、この種の電磁駆動弁を備えた内燃機関の機関始動時の振動や騒音の原因となっている。
【０００６】
また、この種の電磁駆動弁は、その作動中には開弁位置または閉弁位置に保持されているか、或いは閉弁位置または開弁位置へ向けてそこに到達するに十分な勢いで運動中であるので、その作動が停止されたとき、即ち電磁駆動弁への電源が切られたときには、アーマチュアと弁体とからなる運動体は、暫時その固有振動周期による自由振動を行いつつ減衰して中間位置に停止する。かかる自由振動もまた従来各気筒の各弁について一斉に或いは順に行われているが、この弁振動もまた、この種の電磁駆動弁を備えた内燃機関の機関停止時の振動や騒音の原因となっている。
【０００７】
本発明は、上記の如き電磁駆動弁の作動開始時や作動終了時に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体の振動に起因する内燃機関や車輛の振動或いは騒音の発生に対処し、これを回避するよう電磁駆動弁の作動が制御される内燃機関を提供することを課題としている。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するものとして、本発明は、弁体と、前記弁体を全開位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第一の電磁駆動手段と、前記弁体を全閉位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第二の電磁駆動手段と、前記弁体を全開位置より離れる方向に付勢する第一のばねと、前記弁体を全閉位置より離れる方向に付勢する第二のばねとを有する電磁駆動弁を複数個有する内燃機関にして、前記複数個の電磁駆動弁のうちの少なくとも２つを、弁作動開始時および弁作動終了時の少なくとも一方に於いて、前記弁体が互いに運動方向を逆にして振動する２種の弁体振動の同期的組み合わせにて振動する過程を経て、全開状態または全閉状態のいずれか一方にもたらされるように制御する弁開閉制御手段を有することを特徴とする内燃機関を提案するものである。
【０００９】
前記弁体が互いに運動方向を逆にして振動する２種の弁体振動の同期的組み合わせは、前記少なくとも２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける２つの電磁駆動弁の第一および第二の電磁駆動手段を振動の周期に同調したパルス電流にて互いに逆の方向から同時に始まって交互に励磁することにより惹起され、該２つの電磁駆動弁は停止状態から作動状態にもたらされるようになっていてよい。
【００１０】
或いは、前記弁体が互いに運動方向を逆にして振動する２種の弁体振動の同期的組み合わせは、前記少なくとも２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける第一および第二の電磁駆動手段を互いに位相が振動の半周期ずれたパルス電流にて交互に励磁することにより惹起され、該２つの電磁駆動弁は停止状態から作動状態にもたらされるようになっていてよい。
【００１１】
更にまた、前記弁体が互いに運動方向を逆にして振動する２種の弁体振動の同期的組み合わせは、前記少なくとも２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける２つのうちの第一の電磁駆動弁に於ける第一の電磁駆動手段による吸着状態からの励磁解除と該２つのうちの第二の電磁駆動弁に於ける第二の電磁駆動手段による吸着状態からの励磁解除とが同時に開始されることにより惹起されるか、または該２つのうちの第一の電磁駆動弁に於ける第二の電磁駆動手段による吸着状態からの励磁解除と該２つのうちの第二の電磁駆動弁に於ける第一の電磁駆動手段による吸着状態からの励磁解除とが同時に開始されることにより惹起され、或いは該２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける互いに反対の第一および第二の電磁駆動手段のいずれか一方による吸着状態からの励磁解除が互いに振動の半周期ずれた時点にて開始されることにより惹起され、該２つの電磁駆動弁は作動状態から停止状態にもたらされるようになっていてよい。この場合、更に、励磁解除後、前記２つの電磁駆動弁の各々の第一および第二の電磁駆動手段の少なくとも一方は振動に同期したパルス電流により振動を抑制する方向に励磁されるようになっていてよい。
【００１２】
更にまた、上記の如く互いに関連して制御される少なくとも２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける２つの電磁駆動弁の対は、複数個の電磁駆動弁よりが複数対選定され、これら複数の電磁駆動弁対は互いに時間をずらせて停止状態から作動状態にもたらされるかまたは作動状態から停止状態にもたらされるようになっていてよい。
【００１３】
前記少なくとも２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける２つの電磁駆動弁は１つの気筒に属する２つの電磁駆動弁、またはそれぞれが異なる気筒に属する電磁駆動弁であってよく、前記の異なる気筒は互いに隣接する気筒であってよい。
【００１４】
【発明の作用及び効果】
上記の如く、内燃機関に於ける電磁駆動弁が、各々弁体と、前記弁体を全開位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第一の電磁駆動手段と、前記弁体を全閉位置へ向けて選択的に付勢する第二の電磁駆動手段と、前記弁体を全開位置より離れる方向に付勢する第一のばねと、前記弁体を全閉位置より離れる方向に付勢する第二のばねとを有し、そのような電磁駆動弁が複数個用いられている場合に、これら複数個の電磁駆動弁のうちの少なくとも２つを、弁作動開始時および弁作動終了時の少なくとも一方に於いて、弁体が互いに運動方向を逆にして振動する２種の弁体振動の同期的組み合わせにて振動する過程を経て、全開状態または全閉状態のいずれか一方にもたらされるように制御する弁開閉制御手段が設けられていれば、これら少なくとも２つの電磁駆動弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体とからなる運動体が弁作動開始時または弁作動終了時に振動するとき、それら少なくとも２つの運動体の振動に伴って生ずる慣性力を互いに相殺させ、そのようなメカニズムに基づき内燃機関や車輛に振動が及ぶこと或いはそれによって騒音が生ずることを抑制することができる。
【００１５】
この場合、２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける弁体とアーマチュアとを含む運動体の振動が互いに反対方向に生ずることにより、その慣性力を互いに打ち消し合うためには、２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける前記運動体の固有振動数が同じであることを要するが、同一の内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁は、一般に概略同じ構造に作られており、また、かかる電磁駆動弁の作動開始に当っての初期駆動時および作動終了時に於ける振動の回数はさほど多くないので、その間の２つの電磁駆動弁の開閉における振動の固有振動数は、厳密に同一でなくても、振動期間内にて互いにほぼ同期する程度に実質的に同じであればよい。
【００１６】
電磁駆動弁が開閉の中間位置に停止している状態から閉位置または開位置に初期駆動されるとき、２つの電磁駆動弁の第一および第二の電磁駆動手段が振動に同調したパルス電流にて互いに逆の方向から同時に始まって交互に励磁されれば、これら２つの弁の運動体は互いに反対の方向に励振され、相互に慣性力を相殺し合いながら振幅を増大していき、各々の慣性力が外部に伝わって内燃機関や車輛の振動や騒音を引き起こすことが防止される。
【００１７】
或いはまた、電磁駆動弁が開閉の中間位置に停止している状態から閉位置または開位置に初期駆動されるとき、２つの電磁駆動弁の第一および第二の電磁駆動手段が互いに位相が振動の半周期ずれたパルス電流にて交互に励磁されれば、これら２つの弁の運動体は互いに反対の方向に励振され、相互に慣性力を相殺し合いながら振幅を増大していき、各々の慣性力が外部に伝わって内燃機関や車輛の振動や騒音を引き起こすことが防止される。
【００１８】
また、２つの電磁駆動弁が作動状態から停止状態にもたらされるとき、２つの電磁駆動弁に於ける第一または第二の電磁駆動手段による吸着状態からの励磁解除が２つの弁に於いて互いに逆方向に同時に開始され、或いは同方向に互いに振動の半周期ずれた時点にて開始されれば、２つの電磁駆動弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は、その減衰過程に於いて互いに逆方向に移動することによりそれらの慣性力を相殺し、各々の慣性力が外部に伝わって内燃機関や車輛の振動やそれに基づく騒音を引き起こすことが防止される。この場合、更に、励磁解除後、２つの電磁駆動弁の各々の第一および第二の電磁駆動手段の少なくとも一方が振動に同期したパルス電流により振動を抑制する方向に励磁されれば、アーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体の減衰は早まり、振動抑制効果も高まる。
【００１９】
上記の要領にて互いに慣性力を相殺させつつ初期駆動され或いは停止される２つの電磁駆動弁が１つの気筒内にて得られるときには、これら２つの弁は互いに最も近接して配置されているので、相互の慣性力の相殺効果が最も有効に発揮される。また、この場合、多気筒内燃機関であれば、同じ条件が全ての気筒について得られるので、機関全体としての振動或いは騒音の抑制効果は大いに高まる。
【００２０】
しかし、組合せて制御されるのに適した２つの電磁駆動弁が２つの気筒にまたがる場合にも、それら２つの電磁駆動弁が可及的に近い２つの気筒、特に隣接した気筒にまたがって得られれば、相互の慣性力の相殺を十分効果的に発揮させることができる。
【００２１】
また、互いに関連して制御される２つの電磁駆動弁の対が、複数個の電磁駆動弁より複数対選定され、これら複数の電磁駆動弁対が互いに時間をずらせて停止状態から作動状態にもたらされるかまたは作動状態から停止状態にもたらされるようになっていれば、一つの多気筒内燃機関に於ける複数の弁を２つずつ対としてその振動を釣り合わせて周りへの振動の伝達を和らげると同時に、一時に振動するが電磁駆動弁の数を減らせることにより、振動および騒音のより一層の低減を図ることができる。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
添付の図１は本発明による作動制御の対象となる電磁駆動弁の一例を幾分解図的に示す縦断面図である。電磁駆動弁は、図示の要領にて内燃機関の吸気ポート或いは排気ポートを開閉する吸気弁或いは排気弁を構成する。
【００２３】
図１には、本発明の適用の対象となる電磁駆動弁の典型的な構造が幾分解図的に例示されている。電磁駆動弁は周知の構造の内燃機関Ｅの吸気または排気用のポート部に装着された状態にて示されている。図に於いて、１０にて全体的に示された弁ハウジングは、弁軸ガイド部１２、下部ばねハウジング部１４、下部電磁コア１６、上部電磁コア１８、コア組立てハウジング部２０、上部ばねハウジング部２２よりなっており、その内部を通って弁軸２４を摺動可能に案内している。弁軸の先端部には、内燃機関Ｅの吸気ポートまたは排気ポート２６を開閉する弁ディスク２８が設けられている。弁軸２４には、下部電磁コア１６と上部電磁コア１８の間に位置するアーマチュア３０、下部ばね座３２、上部ばね座３４が固定されている。下部電磁コア１６および上部電磁コア１８には、それぞれの円環状溝部に下部電磁コイル３６および上部電磁コイル３８が設けられている。上部ばねハウジング部２２の上端は蓋板４０により閉じられている。そして下部ばねハウジング部１４と下部ばね座３２の間には下部コイルばね４２が、また上部ばね座３４と蓋板４０の間には上部コイルばね４４が装着されている。下部電磁コイル３６および上部電磁コイル３８の励磁（通電）はマイクロコンピュータによる制御演算機能を備えた弁開閉制御手段４６により以下に説明される要領にて制御される。
【００２４】
図２は、図１に例示された如き基本構造を有し、２つの電磁駆動弁が、それを装備した内燃機関の運転開始に当って、開閉の中間にある停止状態より始まって、完全に閉じた状態または開いた状態にある初期状態に、本発明により初期駆動される要領を示す線図である。
【００２５】
この場合、弁開閉制御手段４６による作動制御が時点ｔ１にて開始されると、互いに同時制御される第一および第二の電磁駆動弁に於いては、それぞれの上部電磁コイルと下部電磁コイルに、これらの電磁駆動弁のアーマチュアと弁体とからなる運動体の質量と上下のばねとにより構成される振動系の固有振動に同調したパルス電流が図にて上励磁および下励磁として示されている如きオンオフ経過にて供給される。この様に第一および第二の弁の上部電磁コイルと下部電磁コイルが図示の如く固有振動に同調したパルス電流にて互いに逆の方向から同時に始まって交互に励磁されることにより、これらの弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は、励磁力の反転に共振しつつその振幅を増大させ、時点ｔ２にて第一の弁は全閉状態に達し、第二の弁は全開状態に達する。かかる初期設定の過程に於いて、第一および第二の弁のアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は、同一の周期にて互いに同期して反対方向に移動するので、その慣性質量に基づく慣性力は互いに相殺し、かかる振動に基づく慣性力が内燃機関や車体に作用することが回避される。またこの場合、第二の弁について、破線にて示す如く、時点ｔ２より更に半周期だけ上部電磁コイルに対する通電が行われば、時点ｔ３にて第二の弁も全閉状態に初期駆動される。尚、このような２つの電磁駆動弁についての相関制御は、多気筒内燃機関に含まれる全ての電磁駆動弁を２つずつの対に仕分け、各対に対し同時に行われても、或いは各対に対し適当な時間をずらせて行われてもよい。このことは以下に説明する他の実施例についても同様である。
【００２６】
図３は、図１に例示された如き基本構造を有する２つの電磁駆動弁が、それを装備した内燃機関の運転開始に当って、開閉の中間にある停止状態より始まって、完全に閉じた状態にある初期駆動される他の一つの実施例を示す図２と同様の線図である。
【００２７】
この場合、時点ｔ１にて作動制御が開始されると、互いに同時制御される第一および第二の電磁駆動弁のうちの第一の弁の上部電磁コイルに対し、直ちに固有振動に同調したパルス電流の供給が図にて上励磁および下励磁として示されている如きオンオフ経過にて開始され、これより半周期遅れた時点ｔ2にて第二の弁の上部電磁コイルおよび下部電磁コイルに対し同様のパルス電流の供給が開始される。この様に第一および第二の弁に対し図示の如く振動系の固有振動周期の半分だけずれた励磁が開始されることにより、これらの弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は、励磁力に共振しつつその振幅を増大させ、第一の弁は時点ｔ３にて全閉状態に達し、第二の弁は時点ｔ４にて全閉状態に達する。この場合にも、かかる初期設定の過程に於いて、アーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は、同一の周期にて互いに同期して反対方向に移動するので、その慣性質量に基づく慣性力は互いに相殺し、かかる振動に基づく慣性力が内燃機関や車体に作用することが回避される。
【００２８】
尚、初期駆動に当って、第一の電磁駆動弁と第二の電磁駆動弁とがそれぞれ全閉状態および全開状態となるよう、互いに逆の状態に設定されるのは、互いに組み合わされて相反作動される第一の電磁駆動弁と第二の電磁駆動弁が、互いに半周期の位相差にて作動する２つの気筒のそれぞれから選択される場合に適している。
【００２９】
図４は、内燃機関の停止に当たって互いに組み合わせて作動停止のために制御される第一および第二の電磁駆動弁の弁変位を対比させて示す線図である。かかる弁作動停止時の弁の組合せは、上記の初期駆動時の弁の組合せとは離れて、開閉位相が互いに逆である２つの電磁駆動弁のうちのできるだけ近接したものが選択されてよい。この場合、時点ｔ1に於いて、第一および第二の電磁駆動弁は、前者が上部電磁コイルにより吸着された全閉状態にあり、後者が下部電磁コイルにより吸着された全開状態にある。そして、この同じ時点から始まって、前者に於いては上部電磁コイルの励磁電流が切られ、後者においては下部電磁コイルの励磁電流が切られ、これによって２つの電磁駆動弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は互いに反対方向に振動しつつ減衰し、その間互いに慣性力を相殺する。尚、これと同様の振動打ち消し作用は、第一および第二の電磁駆動弁が、前者は下部電磁コイルにより吸着された全開状態にあり、後者は上部コイルにより吸着された全閉状態にある状態から同時に開始されてもよいことは明らかであろう。
【００３０】
図５の実施例では、機関が停止されたとき、いずれも全閉状態にある第一および第二の電磁駆動弁が選択され、時点ｔ１にて先ず前者の励磁が解除され、これより半周期遅れた時点ｔ2にて後者の励磁が解除される。この場合にも、前者に於いては、上部電磁コイルのみが通電されている状態にてその通電が停止され、後者に於いても、上部電磁コイルのみが通電されている状態にてその通電が停止される。かかる態様にて２つの電磁駆動弁の停止が開始されれば、これら２つの電磁駆動弁に於けるアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体は、互いに同期して反対方向に往復動しつつ減衰していくので、その間２つの運動体の慣性力は互いに相殺し、それらの振動により内燃機関や車体に振動が生じたり騒音が発生することが回避される。尚、これと同様の振動打ち消し作用は、第一および第二の電磁駆動弁が、いずれも下部電磁コイルにより吸着された全開状態にある状態から出発して同様の要領にて行なわれてもよいことは明らかであろう。
【００３１】
図６および図７は、それぞれ図４および図５に示す第一および第二の電磁駆動弁の作動停止後の自然減衰に加えて、それぞれの弁に於ける電磁駆動手段を減衰促進方向に作動させることにより、自然減衰によるよりも早期にアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体を停止せしめる実施例を示す同様の線図である。この様に第一および第二の電磁駆動弁のアーマチュア保持電流が一旦切られ、アーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体が移動し始めた後、これら第一および第二の電磁駆動弁に於ける上部電磁コイルまたは下部電磁コイルに幾分遅れて或いは固有振動の半周期周期遅れて通電が行なわれることにより、固有振動による自然減衰の速度を更に早め、より早期に電磁駆動弁を静止状態にもたらし、総じて振動や騒音を低減することができる。
【００３２】
図８は、１気筒当たりの吸気弁および排気弁の数がそれぞれ１である多気筒内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁の配列をその一部に於いて示す概略図である。このような弁配列の場合には、互いに組み合わせて初期駆動制御或いは停止制御されるべき２つの弁は、各気筒に於ける吸気弁と排気弁とされてよい。この場合、１つの気筒に於ける吸気弁と排気弁とは、ほぼ逆位相にて作動されるので、停止制御にあたっては図４または図６の態様にて制御されるのに適している。或いはまた、弁の作動位相の都合により、組合せて制御されるべき２つの弁として、異なる気筒の吸気弁どうし或いは排気弁どうしが選択されてよい。この場合、選択される２つの気筒の作動位相が互いに逆であるときには、停止制御は図４または図６の態様にてなされるのに適しており、選択される２つの気筒の作動位相が隣り合っているときには、停止制御は図５または図７の態様にてなされるのに適している。
【００３３】
図９は、一気筒当たりに吸気弁が２つと排気弁が１つ設けられている多気筒内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁の配列をその一部に於いて示す概略図である。この例では、吸気弁に比して排気弁が幾分大きくされており、両者の固有振動数は厳密には一致しないであろうが、弁の作動開始時および作動終了時の振動はあまり多くないので、実際上の問題は、その間に２つの弁の運動体の振動の間に釣合効果を実質的に損なうほどの差が生ずるか否かである。尚、この場合にも、組合せて制御される２つの弁を気筒間にまたがって選択することにより、正確に同一の固有振動数にて振動する弁の組合せを選ぶことができる。
【００３４】
図１０は、１気筒当たりに吸気弁が２つと排気弁が２つ設けられている多気筒内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁の配列をその一部に於いて示す概略図である。かかる弁構造に於いては、同時に初期設定制御または終了制御される弁の組合せとして、同一気筒内にてもまた異なる気筒間にても多様に可能である。尚、この他にも１気筒当たり３つの吸気弁と２つの排気弁を備える弁構造その他の多弁の気筒構造が本発明による電磁駆動弁作動制御の対象とされてよいことは明らかであろう。
【００３５】
以上に於いては本発明をいくつかの実施例について詳細に説明したが、これらの実施例について本発明の範囲内にて種々の修正が可能であることは当業者にとって明らかであろう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による内燃機関において作動制御の対象となる電磁駆動弁の一例を幾分解図的に示す縦断面図。
【図２】固有振動数を同じくする２つの電磁駆動弁が、内燃機関の運転開始に当って、開閉の中間にある停止状態より完全に閉じた状態または開いた状態に初期設定される要領の一例を示す線図。
【図３】固有振動数を同じくする２つの電磁駆動弁が、内燃機関の運転開始に当って、開閉の中間にある停止状態より完全に閉じた状態に初期設定される要領の他の一例を示す線図。
【図４】内燃機関の停止に当たって互いに組み合わせて作動停止のために制御される第一および第二の電磁駆動弁の弁変位の一例を対比させて示す線図。
【図５】内燃機関の停止に当たって互いに組み合わせて作動停止のために制御される第一および第二の電磁駆動弁の弁変位の他の一例を対比させて示す線図。
【図６】図４に示す第一および第二の電磁駆動弁の作動停止後の自然減衰を電磁駆動手段により促進して早期にアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体を制止せしめる一例を示す線図。
【図７】図５に示す第一および第二の電磁駆動弁の作動停止後の自然減衰を電磁駆動手段により促進して早期にアーマチュアと弁体よりなる運動体を制止せしめる一例を示す線図。
【図８】１気筒当たりの吸気弁および排気弁の数がそれぞれ１である多気筒内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁の配列をその一部に於いて示す概略図。
【図９】一気筒当たりに吸気弁が２つと排気弁が１つ設けられている多気筒内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁の配列をその一部に於いて示す概略図。
【図１０】１気筒当たりに吸気弁が２つと排気弁が２つ設けられている多気筒内燃機関に於ける吸気弁および排気弁の配列をその一部に於いて示す概略図。
【符号の説明】
１０…弁ハウジング
１２…弁軸ガイド部
１４…下部ばねハウジング部
１６…下部電磁コア
１８…上部電磁コア
２０…コア組立てハウジング部
２２…上部ばねハウジング部
２４…弁軸２４
２６…吸気ポートまたは排気ポート２６
２８…弁ディスク
３０…アーマチュア
３２…下部ばね座
３４…上部ばね座
３６…下部電磁コイル
３８…上部電磁コイル
４０…蓋板
４２…下部コイルばね
４４…上部コイルばね
４６…弁開閉制御手段
Ｅ…内燃機関[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine having an electromagnetically driven valve that controls opening and closing of an intake port or an exhaust port, and more particularly to operation control at the start or end of the operation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Control of opening and closing of an intake port or an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine by an electromagnetically driven valve has long been considered. There are individual requirements for intake valves and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines for each of the timing for opening the valve, the period for maintaining the opened valve in the open state, the period for closing the valve, and the period for maintaining the closed valve in the closed state. . A first electromagnetic driving means for selectively urging the valve body toward the valve opening position; a second electromagnetic driving means for selectively urging the valve body toward the valve closing position; An electromagnetic valve having a first spring that urges the valve body in a direction away from the valve-opening position and a second spring that urges the valve body in a direction away from the valve-closing position has a valve opening timing and an opening time. Since the valve period, the valve closing timing, and the valve closing period can be individually controlled, this structure is often used as an intake valve and an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine.
[0003]
As for the electromagnetically driven intake valve or exhaust valve, various other controls are considered in accordance with various requirements relating to the operation of the internal combustion engine, which are disclosed in JP-A-61-76713, JP-A-10-299436, These are proposed in JP-A-10-288013, JP-A-2000-257481, JP-A-2000-320357, JP-A-2001-123808, and the like.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The electromagnetically driven valve has a valve body, first electromagnetic driving means for selectively urging the valve body toward the valve opening position, and a second electromagnetic wave for selectively urging the valve body toward the valve closing position. When the structure has electromagnetic driving means, a first spring that urges the valve body in a direction away from the valve opening position, and a second spring that urges the valve body in a direction away from the valve closing position, When neither the first electromagnetic driving means nor the second electromagnetic driving means is energized, the valve body is located between the valve opening position and the valve closing position, and the first and second electromagnetic driving means The armature (the armature is often common to both) is far away (about half of the valve lift) from the electromagnetic coil of each electromagnetic drive means. Since the electromagnetic force weakens in inverse proportion to the square of the distance, the electromagnetic driving force is low at this time, and the responsiveness to excitation of the electromagnetic driving means is reduced. Alternatively, an initial drive operation is performed in which either one of the second electromagnetic drive means is attracted and the valve is set to a fully closed state or a valve fully open state.
[0005]
In the initial drive of the electromagnetically driven valve, an armature in the electromagnetically driven valve, a moving body composed of the valve body, and two springs for urging it to the neutral position constitute a vibration system having a natural frequency. Therefore, a pulse current synchronized with the above natural vibration is applied to the electromagnetic coil, and the movement of the moving body composed of the armature and the valve body in the valve opening / closing direction is gradually increased by resonance. This is an obvious excitation action. Conventionally, such an excitation action is performed simultaneously or sequentially for each valve of each cylinder. However, such valve vibration is a cause of vibration and noise when starting an internal combustion engine provided with this type of electromagnetically driven valve.
[0006]
Also, this type of electromagnetically driven valve is held in its open or closed position during its operation, or is moving with sufficient momentum to reach it towards the closed or open position. Therefore, when the operation is stopped, that is, when the power supply to the electromagnetically driven valve is turned off, the moving body composed of the armature and the valve body attenuates while performing free vibration by the natural vibration period for a while. Stop at an intermediate position. Conventionally, such free vibration has also been performed simultaneously or sequentially for each valve of each cylinder. This valve vibration is also a cause of vibration and noise when an internal combustion engine equipped with this type of electromagnetically driven valve is stopped. It has become.
[0007]
The present invention copes with and avoids the generation of vibration or noise of the internal combustion engine or vehicle caused by the vibration of the moving body composed of the armature and the valve body at the start or end of the operation of the electromagnetically driven valve as described above. An object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine in which the operation of an electromagnetically driven valve is controlled.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a valve body and the valve body. Fully open First electromagnetic drive means for selectively urging the position toward the position, and the valve body all closed A second electromagnetic drive means for selectively energizing the valve body toward the position; Fully open A first spring urging in a direction away from the position, and the valve body all closed An internal combustion engine having a plurality of electromagnetically driven valves having a second spring biased in a direction away from the position, wherein at least two of the plurality of electromagnetically driven valves are operated at the start and end of the valve operation. At least one of the times, the valve bodies vibrate in opposite directions of motion. Synchronous combination of two types of valve body vibration Through a vibrating process, Either fully open or fully closed The present invention proposes an internal combustion engine characterized by having valve opening / closing control means for controlling the engine to be brought about.
[0009]
Synchronous combination of two types of valve body vibrations in which the valve bodies vibrate in opposite directions of movement Is In the at least two electromagnetically driven valves The first and second electromagnetically driven means of the two electromagnetically driven valves are caused by alternately exciting simultaneously starting from opposite directions with a pulse current tuned to the period of vibration, the two electromagnetically driven valves being It may be brought from a stopped state to an activated state.
[0010]
Or Synchronous combination of two types of valve body vibrations in which the valve bodies vibrate in opposite directions of movement Is In the at least two electromagnetically driven valves This is caused by alternately exciting the first and second electromagnetic drive means in the two electromagnetically driven valves with pulse currents whose phases are shifted from each other by a half cycle of vibration, and the two electromagnetically driven valves are brought into a stopped state. It may be brought into operation.
[0011]
Furthermore, Synchronous combination of two types of valve body vibrations in which the valve bodies vibrate in opposite directions of movement Is Two of the at least two electromagnetically driven valves The excitation release from the adsorption state by the first electromagnetic drive means in the first electromagnetic drive valve Of the two Caused by simultaneous initiation of excitation release from the attracted state by the second electromagnetic driving means in the second electromagnetically driven valve, or Of the two The excitation release from the adsorption state by the second electromagnetic drive means in the first electromagnetic drive valve Of the two The first and second oppositely-initiated first and second in the two electromagnetically driven valves are caused by simultaneous initiation of excitation release from the attracted state by the first electromagnetically driven means in the second electromagnetically driven valve. The excitation release from the attracted state by either one of the two electromagnetic drive means is initiated when they are shifted from each other by a half cycle of vibration, and the two electromagnetically driven valves are brought from the operating state to the stopped state. It may be like this. In this case, after the excitation is released, at least one of the first and second electromagnetic drive means of each of the two electromagnetically driven valves is excited in a direction to suppress the vibration by a pulse current synchronized with the vibration. It may be.
[0012]
Furthermore, it is controlled in relation to each other as described above. In at least two solenoid-operated valves A pair of two electromagnetically driven valves is selected from a plurality of electromagnetically driven valves, and the plurality of electromagnetically driven valve pairs are shifted from each other in time to brought into an operating state, or from an operating state to a stopped state. May be brought to you.
[0013]
Above In at least two solenoid-operated valves The two electromagnetically driven valves may be two electromagnetically driven valves belonging to one cylinder, or electromagnetically driven valves each belonging to different cylinders, and the different cylinders may be cylinders adjacent to each other.
[0014]
[Action and effect of the invention]
As described above, the electromagnetically driven valves in the internal combustion engine are each provided with a valve body and the valve body. Fully open First electromagnetic drive means for selectively urging the position toward the position, and the valve body all closed A second electromagnetic drive means for selectively energizing the valve body toward the position; Fully open A first spring urging in a direction away from the position, and the valve body all closed A second spring biasing away from the position, and when a plurality of such electromagnetically driven valves are used, at least two of the plurality of electromagnetically driven valves The valve bodies vibrate in opposite directions of movement at the start and / or at the end of valve operation. Synchronous combination of two types of valve body vibration Through a vibrating process, Either fully open or fully closed If valve opening / closing control means is provided to control at least When a moving body consisting of an armature and a valve body in two electromagnetically driven valves vibrates at the start or end of valve operation at least It is possible to cancel the inertial forces generated by the vibrations of the two moving bodies from each other, and to prevent the internal combustion engine and the vehicle from being vibrated based on such a mechanism or the generation of noise.
[0015]
In this case, the vibrations of the moving body including the valve body and the armature in the two electromagnetically driven valves are generated in opposite directions so that the inertial forces cancel each other out. Although the natural frequency of the moving body is required to be the same, the intake valve and the exhaust valve in the same internal combustion engine are generally formed in substantially the same structure, and the operation of the electromagnetically driven valve is started. Since the number of vibrations at the initial driving and at the end of the operation is not so large, even if the natural frequency of the vibration in opening and closing of the two electromagnetically driven valves between them is not exactly the same, it is within the vibration period. So long as they are substantially synchronized with each other.
[0016]
When the electromagnetically driven valve is initially driven to the closed or open position from the state where it is stopped at the intermediate position of opening and closing, the first and second electromagnetic drive means of the two electromagnetically driven valves are changed to pulse currents synchronized with vibration. If the two valve moving bodies are excited in the opposite directions at the same time, the moving bodies of these two valves are excited in the opposite directions to increase the amplitude while canceling each other's inertial force. It is prevented that the force is transmitted to the outside and causes vibration and noise of the internal combustion engine and the vehicle.
[0017]
Alternatively, when the electromagnetically driven valve is initially driven from the state where it is stopped at the intermediate position of opening and closing to the closed or open position, the first and second electromagnetic drive means of the two electromagnetically driven valves vibrate in phase Are alternately excited by pulse currents that deviate by half a cycle, the moving bodies of these two valves are excited in opposite directions to increase the amplitude while canceling each other's inertial force. It is prevented that the force is transmitted to the outside and causes vibration and noise of the internal combustion engine and the vehicle.
[0018]
Further, when the two electromagnetically driven valves are brought from the operating state to the stopped state, the excitation release from the adsorption state by the first or second electromagnetic driving means in the two electromagnetically driven valves is mutually performed in the two valves. If it starts at the same time in the opposite direction, or when it starts at the half-cycle of vibration in the same direction, the moving body consisting of the armature and the valve body in the two electromagnetically driven valves These inertia forces are canceled by moving in opposite directions, and each inertia force is prevented from being transmitted to the outside and causing vibrations of the internal combustion engine and the vehicle and noises based thereon. In this case, after the excitation is released, if at least one of the first and second electromagnetic drive means of each of the two electromagnetically driven valves is excited in a direction to suppress vibration by a pulse current synchronized with vibration, the armature and Decay of the moving body consisting of the valve body is accelerated, and the vibration suppressing effect is enhanced.
[0019]
When two electromagnetically driven valves that are initially driven or stopped while canceling the inertial force with each other as described above are obtained in one cylinder, these two valves are arranged closest to each other. The mutual inertia force canceling effect is most effectively exhibited. In this case, if the engine is a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the same conditions can be obtained for all the cylinders, so that the vibration or noise suppression effect of the engine as a whole is greatly enhanced.
[0020]
However, even when two electromagnetically driven valves suitable to be controlled in combination span two cylinders, the two electromagnetically driven valves can be obtained across two cylinders as close as possible, particularly adjacent cylinders. If this is done, it is possible to sufficiently effectively cancel out the mutual inertial force.
[0021]
Further, a plurality of pairs of electromagnetically driven valves controlled in relation to each other are selected from a plurality of electromagnetically driven valves, and these plurality of electromagnetically driven valve pairs are shifted from each other in time to bring them from a stopped state to an activated state. If the engine is operated or brought from the operating state to the stopped state, a plurality of valves in one multi-cylinder internal combustion engine are paired, and the vibrations are balanced to reduce the transmission of vibrations to the surroundings. At the same time, the vibration and noise can be further reduced by reducing the number of electromagnetically driven valves that vibrate at a time.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 attached herewith is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an example of an electromagnetically driven valve which is an object of operation control according to the present invention. The electromagnetically driven valve constitutes an intake valve or an exhaust valve that opens and closes an intake port or an exhaust port of the internal combustion engine in the manner illustrated.
[0023]
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a typical structure of an electromagnetically driven valve to which the present invention is applied. The electromagnetically driven valve is shown in a state where it is attached to an intake or exhaust port portion of an internal combustion engine E having a known structure. In the figure, a valve housing generally indicated by 10 includes a valve
[0024]
FIG. 2 has a basic structure as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the two electromagnetically driven valves start completely from the stop state in the middle of opening and closing when the internal combustion engine equipped with the valve is started. It is a diagram which shows the point which is initially driven by this invention in the initial state in a closed state or an open state.
[0025]
In this case, valve opening /
[0026]
FIG. 3 shows that two electromagnetically driven valves having the basic structure as illustrated in FIG. 1 are completely closed at the start of operation of an internal combustion engine equipped with them, starting from a stop state in the middle of opening and closing. FIG. 3 is a diagram similar to FIG. 2 showing another embodiment that is initially driven in a state.
[0027]
In this case, when the operation control is started at the time point t1, the pulse immediately synchronized with the natural vibration is applied to the upper electromagnetic coil of the first valve of the first and second electromagnetically driven valves that are simultaneously controlled. The time t when the supply of current starts after the on-off progress as shown in the figure as upper excitation and lower excitation, and is delayed by a half cycle. 2 Then, supply of the same pulse current to the upper electromagnetic coil and the lower electromagnetic coil of the second valve is started. Thus, by starting excitation with respect to the first and second valves as shown in the drawing, shifted by half the natural vibration period of the vibration system, the moving body consisting of the armature and the valve body in these valves becomes The amplitude of the first valve is increased while resonating with the exciting force, and the first valve reaches the fully closed state at time t3, and the second valve reaches the fully closed state at time t4. In this case as well, in this initial setting process, the moving body consisting of the armature and the valve body moves in opposite directions in synchronism with each other, so that the inertial forces based on the inertial mass cancel each other. And it is avoided that the inertia force based on this vibration acts on an internal combustion engine or a vehicle body.
[0028]
In the initial driving, the first electromagnetic driving valve and the second electromagnetic driving valve are set in opposite states so that they are in the fully closed state and the fully opened state, respectively. This is suitable when the first electromagnetically driven valve and the second electromagnetically driven valve to be operated are selected from each of two cylinders operating with a half-cycle phase difference.
[0029]
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the valve displacements of the first and second electromagnetically driven valves that are controlled to stop the operation in combination with each other when the internal combustion engine is stopped. The valve combination at the time of stopping the valve operation may be selected as close as possible to the two electromagnetically driven valves whose opening / closing phases are opposite to each other, apart from the valve combination at the time of initial driving. In this case, time t 1 In this case, the first and second electromagnetically driven valves are in the fully closed state in which the former is adsorbed by the upper electromagnetic coil, and the latter is in the fully open state in which the latter is adsorbed by the lower electromagnetic coil. Then, starting from this same time point, the excitation current of the upper electromagnetic coil is cut off in the former, and the excitation current of the lower electromagnetic coil is turned off in the latter. The moving body consisting of the body dampens while oscillating in opposite directions, and cancels the inertial force between them. The same vibration canceling action is that the first and second electromagnetically driven valves are in a fully open state where the former is adsorbed by the lower electromagnetic coil, and the latter is in a fully closed state adsorbed by the upper coil. It will be clear that they may be started simultaneously.
[0030]
In the embodiment of FIG. 5, when the engine is stopped, the first and second electromagnetically driven valves, both of which are fully closed, are selected, and at the time t1, the former excitation is first released, and from this, half a cycle Time t 2 The latter excitation is released at. Also in this case, in the former, the energization is stopped in a state where only the upper electromagnetic coil is energized, and in the latter, the energization is performed in a state where only the upper electromagnetic coil is energized. Stopped. When the stop of the two electromagnetically driven valves is started in this manner, the moving body composed of the armature and the valve body in these two electromagnetically driven valves is attenuated while reciprocating in opposite directions in synchronization with each other. Therefore, the inertial forces of the two moving bodies cancel each other during that time, and vibrations and noises are prevented from occurring in the internal combustion engine and the vehicle body due to their vibrations. The vibration canceling action similar to this may be performed in the same manner starting from a state in which both the first and second electromagnetically driven valves are in the fully open state attracted by the lower electromagnetic coil. It will be clear.
[0031]
FIGS. 6 and 7 show that in addition to the natural damping after the operation of the first and second electromagnetically driven valves shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively, the electromagnetic driving means in each valve is operated in the direction of acceleration promotion. It is the same diagram which shows the Example which stops the moving body which consists of an armature and a valve body earlier than by natural attenuation | damping. After the armature holding current of the first and second electromagnetically driven valves is once cut in this way and the moving body consisting of the armature and the valve body starts to move, the upper portions of these first and second electromagnetically driven valves By energizing the electromagnetic coil or the lower electromagnetic coil with some delay or with a half cycle period of natural vibration, the natural damping speed due to natural vibration is further increased, and the electromagnetically driven valve is brought into a stationary state earlier. Overall, vibration and noise can be reduced.
[0032]
FIG. 8 is a schematic view partially showing an arrangement of intake valves and exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which the number of intake valves and exhaust valves per cylinder is one. In the case of such a valve arrangement, the two valves to be subjected to initial drive control or stop control in combination with each other may be an intake valve and an exhaust valve in each cylinder. In this case, since the intake valve and the exhaust valve in one cylinder are operated in substantially opposite phases, the stop control is suitable for the control in the mode of FIG. 4 or FIG. Alternatively, intake valves or exhaust valves of different cylinders may be selected as the two valves to be controlled in combination depending on the operating phase of the valves. In this case, when the operation phases of the two selected cylinders are opposite to each other, the stop control is suitable for being performed in the mode of FIG. 4 or FIG. 6, and the operation phases of the two selected cylinders are adjacent to each other. When they are matched, the stop control is suitable for being performed in the manner shown in FIG. 5 or FIG.
[0033]
FIG. 9 is a schematic view partially showing an arrangement of intake valves and exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which two intake valves and one exhaust valve are provided per cylinder. In this example, the exhaust valve is somewhat larger than the intake valve, and the natural frequency of both will not match exactly, but there is much vibration at the start and end of the valve operation. As such, the practical question is whether there will be a difference between the two valve moving bodies that substantially impairs the balancing effect. In this case as well, a combination of valves that vibrate at exactly the same natural frequency can be selected by selecting two valves controlled in combination across the cylinders.
[0034]
FIG. 10 is a schematic view partially showing an arrangement of intake valves and exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which two intake valves and two exhaust valves are provided per cylinder. In such a valve structure, various combinations can be made within the same cylinder or between different cylinders as combinations of valves that are simultaneously subjected to initial setting control or termination control. In addition, it will be apparent that a valve structure including three intake valves and two exhaust valves per cylinder and other multi-valve cylinder structures may be subjected to electromagnetically driven valve operation control according to the present invention.
[0035]
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments within the scope of the invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing, in an exploded view, an example of an electromagnetically driven valve that is an operation control target in an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how two electromagnetically driven valves having the same natural frequency are initially set to a completely closed state or an open state from a stop state in the middle of opening and closing at the start of operation of the internal combustion engine. The diagram which shows an example.
FIG. 3 shows another example of the procedure in which two electromagnetically driven valves having the same natural frequency are initially set to a fully closed state from a stopped state in the middle of opening and closing when the operation of the internal combustion engine is started. Diagram shown.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison of examples of valve displacements of first and second electromagnetically driven valves that are controlled to stop operation in combination with each other when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of valve displacements of first and second electromagnetically driven valves that are controlled to stop operation in combination with each other when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
6 is a diagram showing an example in which the natural damping after the operation stop of the first and second electromagnetically driven valves shown in FIG. 4 is promoted by the electromagnetic driving means to quickly stop the moving body composed of the armature and the valve body. .
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example in which the natural damping after the operation of the first and second electromagnetically driven valves shown in FIG. 5 is stopped by the electromagnetic driving means to quickly stop the moving body composed of the armature and the valve body. .
FIG. 8 is a schematic view partially showing an arrangement of intake valves and exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which the number of intake valves and exhaust valves per cylinder is one;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing, in part, an arrangement of intake valves and exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which two intake valves and one exhaust valve are provided per cylinder.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing, in part, an arrangement of intake valves and exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine in which two intake valves and two exhaust valves are provided per cylinder.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Valve housing
12 ... Valve shaft guide
14 ... Lower spring housing part
16 ... Lower electromagnetic core
18 ... Upper electromagnetic core
20 ... Core assembly housing
22 ... Upper spring housing part
24 ...
26: Intake port or
28 ... Valve disc
30 ... Armature
32 ... Lower spring seat
34 ... Upper spring seat
36 ... Lower electromagnetic coil
38 ... Upper electromagnetic coil
40 ... lid plate
42 ... Lower coil spring
44 ... Upper coil spring
46. Valve opening / closing control means
E ... Internal combustion engine
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002116063A JP4122821B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-18 | Internal combustion engine with electromagnetically controlled valve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002116063A JP4122821B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-18 | Internal combustion engine with electromagnetically controlled valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003314231A JP2003314231A (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| JP4122821B2 true JP4122821B2 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002116063A Expired - Fee Related JP4122821B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2002-04-18 | Internal combustion engine with electromagnetically controlled valve |
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| JP (1) | JP4122821B2 (en) |
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| JP7078013B2 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2022-05-31 | 株式会社デンソー | Valve timing adjuster |
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| JP2003314231A (en) | 2003-11-06 |
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