JP4112578B2 - Barrier-free block - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a step difference between a sidewalk and a roadway, or a step or inclination generated for connecting a height difference, as represented by a slope of a facility or station, or a crossover, to a wheelchair user or a visually impaired person. The present invention relates to a barrier-free block for making it easy to move without requiring a special force for a weak traffic person such as an elderly person.

  Japan's productive population aged 15 to 64 is expected to decline after peaking in 1995, and the total population is expected to decline from 2007. That is, in 2014, the elderly population will reach 32 million, one in four will be elderly, and in 2040 one in three will be elderly. Therefore, it is said that it is important to create a welfare culture that includes a super-aging society in the future.

  Against this background, in recent years, barrier-free and universal design initiatives have been promoted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and others. Above all, “Road Movement Smoothing Improvement Guidelines” are shown for road relations. For strollers and wheelchair users, 0 cm for strollers and wheelchairs on the boundary between the sidewalk and the roadway, and white canes for visually impaired persons A minimum step of 2 cm is required, and a clear step is desired for the elderly. This problem has been examined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Step Structure Committee (see Non-Patent Document 1). As a result, it was decided to secure 2 cm as a compromise between wheelchair users and visually impaired persons with no curb. However, this number is still severe for wheelchair users, visually handicapped persons, and elderly people with low traffic in light of current road conditions.

  By the way, if the level difference of the connection part which is a boundary of a roadway and a sidewalk is high, this level difference cannot be raised with a wheelchair, and if a level difference is low, it will become difficult for a visually handicapped person to recognize a level difference. Therefore, as described above, the value of the step is set to 2 cm, but the current situation is a compromise.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2003, June issue, p. 10-27

  Thus, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a barrier-free block that can be used with minimum energy for wheelchair users and elderly people such as elderly people, and that can be easily confirmed for visually impaired persons. It is. That is, it is to propose a barrier-free block that is easy for a wheelchair user to move up and down, and that can be recognized by a visually impaired person with a continuous step. Furthermore, it is to propose a barrier-free block that has room for a bicycle user to stably pass by bicycle. Furthermore, it is to propose a barrier-free block that makes it difficult to overflow rain water over the entire surface of the stairs in rainy weather.

  The means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has, in the invention of claim 1, a level difference as represented by a step between the roadway 1 and the sidewalk 2 or a slope of a facility, a station premises, a crossover, or the like. This is a barrier-free block 4 for wheelchair users, visually handicapped persons, elderly people and the like, which is installed in order to eliminate a step or an inclination caused by connecting two points. The shape is a stepped step 5 composed of a plurality of steps having a step height 5a, and the size of each step of the stepped step 5 is determined by changing the step height 5a of the front wheel of the wheelchair. The diameter is 1/50 to 1/20, and the depth 6 of each step is 1/8 to 1/3 of the diameter of the front wheel of the wheelchair. Furthermore, the inclined shape of the barrier-free block 4 comprising the stepped step 5 has a gradient of 10/100 to 50/100 within the range of the front and rear wheels of the wheelchair. That is, a wheelchair usually has a small front wheel diameter, and the rear wheel is driven by hand, so that the upper end height of the rear wheel comes to a height position next to the arm of the person sitting in the wheelchair. Therefore, the front wheels need to be able to climb up and down the stairs smoothly. For this reason, the front wheel having a small diameter can be climbed up and down at that size, and the step height 5a of the stepped step 5, the depth 5b and the gradient of each step are set as the above sizes as a range that does not place a burden on the hand. Yes.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the stepped step 5 is a stepped step 5 comprising a plurality of steps in the means of claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the stair kick plate 5b is in the range of more than 0 ° and not more than 90 °. Is a barrier-free block 4 having That is, the inclination angle 5c of the kick plate 5b, which is the rising portion forming the step height of each stepped step 5, that is, the step height 5a, is larger than 0 ° which is a horizontal plane, and the maximum angle is 90 °. Of course, the step height 5a of the stepped step 5 of the means of claim 1 above, the depth 5b of each step, and the gradient are satisfied.

  In the invention of claim 3, the stepped step 5 has 2 to 20 steps, and has a horizontal portion of 10 to 200 mm in the top end portion 2 a continuous to the uppermost sidewalk 2. It is a barrier-free block having a stepped step 5 consisting of a plurality of steps in the means. That is, in the barrier-free block 4, the number of steps is set to 2 to 20 because the purpose of the present invention is to enable a wheelchair user to easily climb up and down such as a step between a sidewalk and a roadway. There are a maximum of 20 steps suitable for the purpose, and if this step can be easily walked up and down by a healthy person, if there are more than 20 steps, the steps become too fine and the staircase of a healthy person This is due to the fact that it does not match the stride of the lift. Furthermore, since the top end portion 2a following the uppermost sidewalk has a width of 10 to 200 mm, it can be stably climbed up and down by bicycle.

  In the invention of claim 4, the stepped step 5 is formed of a plurality of drainage grooves 11 having a groove width 11 a extending from the upper stage to the lower stage of 2 to 3 mm and a groove depth 11 c of 5 to 10 mm. The barrier-free block having a plurality of stepped steps 5 in the means according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the interval 11b is 50 to 150 mm apart. In other words, the barrier-free block 4 is dangerous because the stairs slip when the stairs overflow each stairs, and therefore, there are a plurality of concave grooves 11 having a width that does not allow the wheelchair wheel to fit into each stairs. The drainage of the staircase surface is made good.

  In the invention of claim 5, the barrier-free block 4 is a stepped step composed of a plurality of steps made of a material capable of maintaining a block shape such as a concrete block, a plastic block, a rubber block, a wooden block, or a metal block. 5 is a barrier-free block 4. That is, the material for the barrier-free block 4 is not particularly specified. However, it is preferably made of any one of a concrete block, a plastic block, a rubber block, a wooden block, and a metal block.

  In the invention of claim 6, the barrier-free block 4 is incorporated with any one of a coloring material or a material having visibility such as an LED, a phosphorescent material, a self-luminous material, and a reflective material. The barrier-free block 4 having a plurality of stepped steps 5 in the means of any one of the above means can be seen to have a step even at night.

  In the invention of claim 7, the barrier-free block 4 has a plurality of stepped steps 5 in which a flexible material is incorporated in the protruding corner portion 5d of the stepped step 5 having a plurality of steps. It is. By locking a rubber or plastic flexible material to the protruding corner 5d with an adhesive or the like, even if a part of the body is accidentally hit against the protruding corner 5d, it is safe from injury.

  In the invention of claim 8, the barrier-free block 4 is a barrier-free block 4 having a plurality of stepped steps 5 formed by chamfering a protruding corner portion 5 d formed of a plurality of steps 5. is there. By chamfering, even if a part of the body is hit against the rounded stairs 5, it is safe and not damaged.

  The barrier-free block of the present invention can secure a sufficient level difference that can be recognized by a visually impaired person, and at the same time can give a signal that can be sufficiently recognized by a white cane possessed by a visually impaired person. In curbs, etc. that are kept to a minimum and divide the roadway and the sidewalk, it is possible to prevent the wheelchair from going backward naturally due to the gradient when the wheelchair goes up, similar to the curb step of 0 cm. A long slope can be eliminated, and the angle of the kick plate of the stairs is greater than 0 ° and the maximum is 90 °. By appropriately determining the angle according to the height of the step, The wheels are easier to go up and down, and a horizontal part with a width of 10 to 200 mm is provided at the top end of the uppermost stage, so that a person using a bicycle can easily pass through it. The stairs are provided with a plurality of vertical grooves that are narrower than the wheel width of the wheelchair and do not fall down to improve the drainage of the stairs, so that the risk of sliding the stairs due to rainwater can be reduced. The present invention is excellent in that it is difficult to injure the body by providing a flexible material or chamfering on the protruding corner, and the material of the block can be selected from various types, and it is highly versatile. It is effective.

  First, in developing the present invention, a barrier-free type (hereinafter referred to as “A type”) consisting only of a normal inclined surface and a barrier-free type provided with stepped steps (hereinafter referred to as “B type”). "). Two types of barrier-free blocks 4 were installed at the boundary between the roadway 1 and the sidewalk 2 and a wheelchair climbing experiment was conducted. A wheelchair is a normal wheel with a front wheel diameter as small as 10 centimeters and a rear wheel as large as 60 centimeters or more.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the A-type barrier-free block 4 has a step height 5 a at the tip of 5 mm, and advances by 180 mm, which is the depth 8 of the barrier-free block 4, and rises to a rear surface height of 50 mm. This is a smooth barrier-free block 4 having no steps composed of a slope having a rubbing gradient of 25%. In this A type, since the gravity applied to the wheel 10 of the wheelchair is not perpendicular to the ascending surface, a component force parallel to the slope always acts, so if you loosen the force that rotates the rear wheel even a little The wheelchair will descend along the slope.

  FIG. 4 (a) shows the relationship between the thrust (N) and distance (m) of the front and rear wheels of the wheelchair when climbing the A-type barrier-free block 4 with a wheelchair, and the momentum (kN.s) And the distance (m) are shown in graphs in FIG. The left side of the lid mountain graph represents the front wheel, the right side represents the rear wheel, and the weight w of the test rider is 60 kgf. As shown in the right waveform indicating the thrust of the rear wheel seen in the graph of FIG. 4A, the thrust exceeds 150 N, and the force for rotating the rear wheel is slightly increased as described above. But if you loosen it, the wheelchair goes down the slope.

  4 (a), the front wheel of the wheel 10 requires a large thrust close to 180N because the diameter of the wheel 10 is small when climbing the step height 5a of the tip 5mm, but the tip height 5a is increased. If it is cut, it will only go up the slope after that, so it has a thrust of almost 100 N, and since the rear wheel has a large diameter, the step height of 5 mm at the tip step height 5a does not require a particularly large thrust. I understand. However, since the A type is a smooth inclined surface, as shown in FIG. 4B, the slope of the graph is linear on both the front wheel side and the rear wheel side, and the relationship between the momentum and the distance is expressed by a linear function. It is increasing smoothly.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the B type barrier-free block 4 has a step height 5 a of 10 mm at the tip, advances 180 mm and rises to a rear height 7 of 40 mm, and finally has a sidewalk height. 3 up to 50mm. In this case, each step consists of four steps having a step height 5a of 45 mm, which is advanced by 45 mm and a height of 10 mm. In the B type barrier-free block 4, the gravitational force applied to the wheelchair tire only applies a vertical downward force for each step when the step height 5 a is raised. On the other hand, since the wheel 10 is on the horizontal surface of the step, the wheelchair does not retreat diagonally like the A-type barrier-free block 4.

  The relationship between the thrust (N) and distance (m) of the front and rear wheels of the wheelchair when climbing the B-type barrier-free block 4 is shown in FIG. 6 (a). The momentum (kN.s) and distance ( The relationship of m) is shown by a graph in FIG. The left side of the lid mountain graph represents the front wheel, the right side represents the rear wheel, and the weight w of the test rider is 60 kgf.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the front wheels require a large thrust exceeding 200 N for each step because the diameter of the wheel 10 is small when climbing the step height of 10 mm, each step height 5a. Since the rear wheel has a large diameter, the 10 mm step with a step height of 5a at the tip does not require a particularly large thrust, and since each step is a flat surface, it always has a downward force as in the A type. The thrust applied to each stage is stable at around 150 N and is small. In the B type, the step height 5a of each step is large, and thus a special thrust is required as described above in order for the front wheel having a small diameter to move up the step. As can be seen from FIG. 4B, the graph line on the front wheel side is not a smooth straight line, but is rattling. Since the rear wheel has a large diameter, the relationship between the momentum and the distance increases smoothly in a linear function.

  The invention of the present application was obtained based on the results of the experiments of the barrier type blocks 4 of A type and B type described above, and this will be described in Example 1 below.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a barrier-free block 4 having a step shape. FIG. 1A shows a side view, wherein the step height 5a of each step is 5.5 mm, and the depth 6 of each step is 22.5 mm. Therefore, it advances 180 mm as a whole, goes up 44 mm, and finally goes up to the height of the sidewalk 2 of 50 mm. (B) shows the perspective view, (c) shows the installation on the road.

  FIG. 2 (a) shows the relationship between thrust and distance when a barrier-free block 4 having a stepped shape according to this embodiment is installed at the boundary between the roadway 1 and the sidewalk 2 and a 60 kgf person goes up with a wheelchair. Shown in In this case, since the step height 5a is as small as 5.5 mm, the thrust applied to the front wheel is also small from the step at the front end and is about 130 N without protruding, and the thrust applied to the rear wheel is stable at about 140 N. And it is excellent without inferior to the case of the B type barrier-free block 4 of the above experiment. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), also in the relationship between the momentum and the distance, the graph line is expressed as a linear primary graph on the front wheel side and the rear wheel side. The pedestrian crossing in which the barrier-free block 4 is installed is within 2 to 10 cm of the curb step that can be recognized even by a visually handicapped person, so it is sufficient to recognize the step in this embodiment. It was possible to recognize the state of transition from the side 1 of the pedestrian crossing to the side 2 of the pedestrian crossing at regular intervals.

  The width 9 of the barrier-free block 4 is 900 mm in the perspective view of FIG. 2B, but when actually installed, it should be an integral multiple of this embodiment according to the width of the pedestrian crossing or the like. In addition, the necessary width 9 can be determined as appropriate.

  From the above, the barrier-free block 4 is stepped, and each step height 5a is set to 2.0 to 12.0 mm which is 1/50 to 1/20 of the diameter of the front wheel, which is a small diameter, and the depth of each step. 6 is preferably 12.0 to 70.0 mm which is 1/8 to 1/3 of the diameter of the front wheel, and preferably has a gradient of 10/100 to 50/100 within the range of the front wheel and the rear wheel of the wheelchair. . This barrier-free block 4 can be produced in the factory as a concrete block and can be installed locally.

  Further, in the embodiment of claim 2, the stepped step 5 is a stepped portion of each stepped step 5, that is, an inclination angle 5 c of the stepped kick plate 5 b that is a rising portion forming the step height 5 a is: As shown in FIG. 7, the barrier-free block 4 has a stepped step 5 composed of a plurality of steps each having a horizontal angle greater than 0 ° and a maximum angle of 90 °. If the inclination angle 5c of the stair kicking plate 5b is moderate, the burden when climbing with a wheelchair is small, but the depth 8 of the staircase becomes long, and a large area is required as land necessary for the road. .

  Further, in the embodiment of claim 3, as shown in FIG. 8, in the barrier-free block 4, the stepped step 5 has 2 to 20 steps, and the top end that follows the uppermost sidewalk 2 is provided. Since the part 2a has a width of 10 to 200 mm, it can be climbed up and down stably by bicycle. It is to be noted that the kick plate 5b of the means of claim 2 has an inclination angle, the number of steps of the means of claim 3 is 2 to 20, and the top end portion 2a following the uppermost sidewalk 2 is The point which gave the width | variety which consists of 10-200 mm horizontal part can be used combining these freely.

  Furthermore, in the embodiment of claim 4, as shown in FIG. 9, the stepped step 5 has a groove width 11a extending from the upper step to the lower step and a groove depth 11c of 5 to 3 mm. A plurality of 10-mm drain grooves 11 are provided with a groove spacing 11b of 50 to 150 mm. Therefore, when it rains, the rain water is drained through the concave groove 11 without overflowing the entire surface of the stepped step 5, so that the step surface is safe without slipping. Since the concave groove width 11a is 2 to 3 mm, the wheelchair wheel is not fitted into the wheelchair without causing the wheelchair to feel the presence of the concave groove 11 and is safe. Moreover, since the groove depth 11c is 5-10 mm and the groove interval 11b of the plurality of grooves 11 is 50-150 mm, rain water on the staircase surface can be efficiently drained from the nearby grooves 11. .

The material of the barrier-free block 4 may be made of any material as long as the shape of the block can be maintained. Therefore, in addition to manufacturing from this concrete, it can be made of wood, acrylic resin or other plastics, rubber, iron or aluminum, or other metal. In addition, although not shown in the figure, the corner portion 5d of the stepped step 5 is chamfered by bonding a flexible rubber or plastic corner member having a width of about 10 mm, or by rounding a corner of about 10 mm round. As a result, it is difficult to get injured even if you touch the body.

Further, the barrier-free block 4 is not shown in the figure, but any one of a coloring material or a light-emitting material having visibility such as an LED, a phosphorescent material, a self-luminous material, or a reflective material is not shown in the figure. With the barrier-free block 4 incorporated in the kick plate 5b, it can be confirmed with peace of mind that there is a step consisting of a stepped step 5 even at night. By incorporating these into the portion of the kick plate 5b of the stepped step 5, they are not easily damaged over a long period of time, and the steps are easily visible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the outline of the block for barrier free of embodiment of this invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a perspective view, (c) is a side view which shows an installation state. (A) in the block for barrier-free of embodiment of this invention is a graph which shows the relationship between the thrust of a wheelchair, and distance, (b) is a graph which shows the relationship between momentum and distance. It is a figure which shows the outline of the block for barrier free which consists only of A type normal slope for an experiment, (a) is a side view, (b) is a perspective view, (c) is a side view which shows an installation state. 3A is a graph showing the relationship between wheelchair thrust and distance, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing the relationship between momentum and distance. It is a figure which shows the outline of the barrier-free block with a step B type for experiment, (a) is a side view, (b) is a perspective view, (c) is a side view which shows an installation state. 5A is a graph showing the relationship between wheelchair thrust and distance, and FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between momentum and distance. It is the schematic which shows the side surface of the block for barrier free which gave the inclination-angle to the part of the kick board 5b which is the standing | starting-up part of staircase. It is the schematic which shows the side surface of the block for barrier free which has a horizontal part in the uppermost step of step shape. It is a perspective view which shows the block for barrier free which provided the several ditch | groove extended up and down in each step of step shape.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roadway 2 Sidewalk 2a Top end part 3 Sidewalk height 4 Barrier-free block 5 Stair-like step 5a Step height 5b Kick plate 5c Inclination angle 5d Projection corner 6 Depth of each step 7 Rear height 8 Depth 9 Width 10 Wheel 11 Groove 11a Groove width 11b Groove spacing 11c Groove depth

Claims (8)

  Wheelchair users installed to eliminate steps or slopes that arise when connecting two points with elevation differences as represented by slopes between roadways and sidewalks or slopes of facilities, stations, and overpasses, etc. A barrier-free block for visually handicapped and elderly people, etc., and a barrier-free block, the shape of which is a stepped step having a plurality of steps, and the size of each step of the stepped step The step height of each step is 1/50 to 1/20 of the diameter of the front wheel of the wheelchair, the depth of each step is 1/8 to 1/3 of the diameter of the front wheel of the wheelchair, and the stepped step A barrier-free block having a plurality of stepped steps characterized in that the sloped shape of the barrier-free block comprising a slope has a gradient of 10/100 to 50/100 within the range of the front and rear wheels of a wheelchair .   2. The barrier-free step having a plurality of stepped steps according to claim 1, wherein the stepped step has an inclination angle of a kick plate of the step within a range of greater than 0 ° and not more than 90 °. block.   The stepped step has 2 to 20 steps, and has a horizontal portion of 10 to 200 mm at the top end portion continuous with the uppermost sidewalk. Barrier-free block with stepped steps.   The step-like step has a plurality of grooves for drainage having a groove width of 2 to 3 mm extending from the upper stage to the lower stage and a groove depth of 5 to 10 mm with a groove interval of 50 to 150 mm. The barrier-free block which has the step-shaped step which consists of multiple steps of any one of Claims 1-3.   The barrier-free block is made of a material capable of maintaining a block shape such as a concrete block, a plastic block, a rubber block, a wooden block, or a metal block, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A barrier-free block having stepped steps composed of a plurality of steps as described.   The barrier-free block is incorporated with any one of coloring materials or materials having visibility such as LEDs, phosphorescent materials, self-luminous materials, and reflective materials. A barrier-free block comprising a plurality of steps as defined in item 1.   The barrier-free block has a stepped step formed of a plurality of steps according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a flexible material is incorporated in a protruding corner portion of a plurality of steps. A barrier-free block.   The barrier-free block has a stepped step composed of a plurality of steps according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a chamfer is formed at a protruding corner portion of a plurality of stepped steps. Barrier-free block.

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