JP4098558B2 - Degradation diagnosis method for concrete spray slope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to the degree of physical deterioration of the spraying slope itself of the existing concrete spray slope (hereinafter referred to as spray slope) cracks constructed as a surface protection work for rock slopes, ground slopes, cut slopes, etc. It has become possible to accurately determine the degree of adhesion between the surface and the ground, such as rock and ground, and the weathering / degradation level of the ground surface by combining three different types of diagnostic methods. The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing spray slope deterioration.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, this kind of diagnostic method includes (1) a hammering sound method in which a human strikes the slope with a hammer, and (2) a diagnostic method such as destroying a part of the slope and removing or peeling off the core. It has been.
Further, as a recently developed method, (3) a thermal infrared imaging method for diagnosing the degree of adhesion between a natural mountain and a spray slope from the change in the surface temperature of the spray slope is known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above diagnostic methods have various drawbacks. The above-mentioned (1) hammering method is judged by human auditory sense, so experience is necessary for diagnosis, and the judgment criteria vary from observer to observer, and the result is lacking in objectivity and low reproducibility. There were drawbacks such as danger on the work on a rough slope.
[0004]
In addition, the diagnostic method (2) by removing the core or removing the slope is highly accurate and accurate, but the diagnostic range (area) is limited, and it takes a lot of labor and time to adopt it for the entire slope. Not only was the cost increased, but there was a lot of damage to the slope, which was not realistic.
[0005]
Furthermore, (3) thermal infrared imaging is a method of measuring the temperature distribution on the surface of the spray slope with a thermal infrared camera and trying to estimate the contact state between the spray slope and the natural ground based on the difference in temperature and its change. However, the measurement results often depend on the solar radiation conditions on the surface of the spray slope, the temperature at the time of measurement, weather, wind, and other natural phenomena, and the shape of the surface of the spray slope, such as unevenness, and the spray thickness is thick. There is a problem that there is a measurement limit that makes measurement impossible, such as when plants and moss are densely grown on the surface, or when the surface is wet by spring water.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the deterioration diagnosis method for existing concrete spray slopes constructed as a surface protection work for rock slopes, ground slopes, cut slopes, etc., the degradation extent of the entire diagnosis target is estimated with high efficiency, simple and non-destructive. First stage diagnostic method using thermal infrared imaging method to diagnose, degradation range diagnosed as part of gap formed between spray slope and ground by first stage diagnostic method and first stage diagnostic The method using the transverse resonance method based on the analysis of the received wave obtained by the arrangement of the transmitting means and the receiving means for non-destructive complementary diagnosis with high accuracy for the indeterminate range that could not be determined as a healthy part by the law The degradation range narrowed down by the two-stage diagnostic method and the above-mentioned first-stage diagnostic method and the second-stage diagnostic method is locally destroyed through an optical device from the small hole drilled in the concrete spray slope or by removing the spray slope from the core. Observe and conduct in order of the degree of adhesion between the above-mentioned spray slope and the natural ground and the third stage diagnostic method for diagnosing the deterioration state of the surface area of the natural ground. It is intended to provide a method for diagnosing deterioration of a spray slope that can be diagnosed with safety, reliability, and low cost with high accuracy.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a method for diagnosing the degree of deterioration of a spray slope according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory flowchart showing an outline of the main part of the present invention and the entire method. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the aging spray slopes to be diagnosed. In the figure, A is the spray slope, B is the ground of rock, ground, etc. C is the spray slope A and ground B. Is a healthy part where D is in a close contact state, and D is a separation gap part in which the contact degree between the spray slope A and the natural ground B is lowered due to aging or the like.
[0008]
1 in the flow chart of FIG. 1 is a first stage diagnostic method, for example, a visual observation that is a non-contact, non-destructive diagnostic method for the entire spray slope A surface to be diagnosed as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 (a) to (c), a portion D in which the natural mountain and the spraying slope are separated from the entire range of the spraying slope A by a thermal infrared imaging method occupies a wide range, This is useful for estimating the so-called deterioration range E with low accuracy but with high efficiency.
[0009]
Next, with respect to the estimated degradation range E, the first stage diagnostic method 2 is performed by the second stage diagnostic method 2, for example, the transverse wave resonance method which is a nondestructive inspection method as shown in FIGS. In addition to verifying and confirming the diagnosis result, the degradation range E is further narrowed down by specifying the separation gap D with high accuracy. In addition, the application limit range resulting from the measurement principle that cannot be diagnosed by the first stage diagnostic method can be covered by the second stage diagnostic method.
[0010]
For the separation gap D identified with high accuracy by the second stage diagnostic method, the third stage diagnostic method 8 with partial fracture is carried out, and the respective deterioration states and spraying methods of the spray slope A and the natural ground B This is a method for diagnosing deterioration of a spray slope by observing a close contact state (degree) between the surface A and the natural ground B, and comprehensively diagnosing these three diagnostic methods 1 to 3.
[0011]
To explain further, in the thermal infrared imaging method, as shown in FIG. 3, the opposite side of the spraying slope A to be diagnosed, that is, the entire spraying slope A is taken from the position where the thermal infrared imaging device 3 can be easily photographed, The degradation range E is estimated.
[0012]
The principle of the thermal infrared imaging method is that the volumetric heat capacity of air is very small compared to rocks and soils such as natural ground, so the separation gaps (cavities, etc.) D where air is interposed on the back of the spray slope A It is known that the spray slope surface reacts sensitively to the load of outside air and solar energy, and has a property that it is easy to warm and hard to squeeze compared to a healthy part B where the ground and the spray slope face are in close contact. Yes. Therefore, by measuring the surface temperature at two times, ie, at a high temperature and at a low temperature, and observing the temperature difference at both times, for example, as shown in FIGS.
[0013]
4 (a) to 4 (b) show the diagnosis results on the spray slope around the dam shown in FIG. 4A is a thermal infrared image in the early morning (low temperature), FIG. 4B shows a thermal infrared image in the daytime (high temperature), and FIG. 4C is the temperature in both thermal infrared images. It shows a difference, a so-called heat difference image, and it is estimated that the portion where the temperature difference is large is the separation gap portion. Therefore, a portion where the separation gap D is widely distributed, that is, a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
[0014]
However, the thermal infrared imaging method is based on the principle, and the measurement accuracy is affected by the solar radiation conditions on the surface of the spray slope, the temperature at the time of measurement, natural phenomena such as the weather and wind, and the shape of the surface of the spray slope such as unevenness. receive. In addition, in the spray slope A, it is impossible to measure the range where the spray thickness is thick, the range where plants and moss grow densely on the surface, and the range where the surface is wet by spring water.
[0015]
The second stage diagnostic method 2 is an application of the transverse wave resonance method, which is a technique for detecting the degree of adhesion failure between different materials such as concrete floor slabs or tiles, and a non-destructive inspection device as shown in FIG. This is a method of narrowing down and specifying the deterioration range E by dividing the spray slope A by a grid as shown by the broken line in FIG. 5B and specifying the more accurate range of the separation gap D. 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views showing the measurement state in an enlarged manner.
[0016]
6 (a) and 6 (b) show a healthy (normal) portion C in which the spray slope A and the ground B shown in FIG. 2 are in close contact, and the back of the spray slope A and the ground B in close contact. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the state of the isolation | separation space | gap part D which is a state with the defect, the isolation | separation space | gap (cavity) state, or the state where the earth and sand etc. were filled with the part.
[0017]
The transverse wave resonance method will be described in detail. The transmitter / receiver 4 for transmitting a signal of a continuous wave (sine wave) of several hundreds to several kilohertz shown in FIG. The sensor 6 and the receiving sensor 7 arranged at a position 10 cm away from the sensor 6 are connected, and the other end of the transmitter / receiver 4 is provided with a display 11 function such as an oscilloscope and a personal computer, and a device 11 having a control function, In all, the degree of adhesion between the spray slope A and the ground B is accurately diagnosed, and the range of the separation gap D can be separated.
[0018]
More specifically, in FIG. 6A, which is an enlarged view of the healthy portion C in FIG. 2, the tip (probe) of the transmission sensor 6 is brought into contact with the surface of the spray slope A to measure. On the other hand, when the tip (probe) of the receiving sensor 7 comes into contact with a position away from the transmitting sensor 6 and oscillates the continuous wave, the waveform of the measurement result shown in FIG. Is done.
[0019]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, which is an enlarged view of the separation gap D in FIG. 2, when the transmission sensor 6 and the reception sensor 7 are respectively arranged and the same operation as described above is performed, FIG. The measurement result shown in b) is displayed. From the measurement results of FIGS. 7A and 7B, the range of the separation gap D can be classified with higher accuracy from the degradation range E estimated in the first stage.
[0020]
In addition, the transverse wave resonance method used in the second stage diagnostic method is a slope that is difficult to diagnose by the thermal infrared imaging method used in the first stage, that is, a spraying face having a thick spraying thickness, and a plant on the surface. It can be diagnosed on slopes where moss grows densely, spray slopes where the surface is wet by spring water, slopes where sunlight conditions are not good, etc., so the range or diagnostic accuracy that could not be diagnosed by the first stage diagnostic method It is possible to diagnose and verify the remaining range of problems.
[0021]
In the third stage diagnostic method 8, the separation cavity D that has been accurately identified by the first stage and second stage diagnostic methods is subjected to the minimum necessary partial destruction and between the rear surface of the spray slope A and the ground B. A state is observed with high accuracy and certainty. A small hole is made in the spray slope with a drill or the like, and the inside of the separation gap D is observed through an optical device such as a fiberscope. To make a more reliable diagnosis, remove the core with a core remover at each location, and observe the obtained core and the inside of the drilled hole. Diagnose the degree of deterioration.
[0022]
FIGS. 8A to 8C show an example of core extraction. From the observation of the collected core and the inside of the hole from which the core was removed, as shown in FIG. Measurement, confirmation of adhesion between ground and spray slope as shown in FIG. 8 (b), presence / absence of separation gap as shown in FIG. 8 (c), and deterioration state of ground surface layer. .
[0023]
Here, a specific example of the method for diagnosing the degradation of the spray slope will be briefly described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 1 taking the spray slope around the dam shown in FIG. 9 as an example.
[0024]
First, when the spray slope A shown in FIG. 9 is inspected in the flow order of FIG. 1, it is assumed that cracks and surface abnormalities are found on the spray slope A. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, diagnosis by the thermal infrared imaging method of the first stage diagnostic method 1 is performed on the diagnostic target slope A by remotely photographing the spray slope with the thermal infrared camera 3. The surface temperature image in the early morning (low temperature) obtained as a result of the measurement FIG. 4 (a), the surface temperature image in the daytime (at high temperature) FIG. 4 (b), and the differential thermal image of both differences are analyzed. Thus, a region having a large temperature difference between the high temperature and the low temperature, that is, a portion estimated to be a so-called separation cavity D is extracted, and a wide range of the separation cavity D is estimated as the deterioration range E. In this example, the separation cavity portion D is concentrated on the right side toward the slope, and it is estimated that this portion is a degradation range E that requires repair and reinforcement measures.
[0025]
Next, for the purpose of narrowing down the degradation range E with high accuracy by specifying the range of the separation cavity D with high accuracy with respect to the degradation range E estimated from the diagnosis result by the first stage diagnostic method, the transverse wave resonance A second stage diagnosis consisting of a method or the like is performed as shown in FIGS. For example, in FIG. 5B, measurement is sequentially performed on intersections between broken-line grids (1.5 m × 1.5 m). As a result, in the healthy portion C shown enlarged in FIG. 6 (a), the received wave having a waveform as shown in FIG. 7 (a) is shown, and in the separation gap portion D shown enlarged in FIG. 6 (b), Since the spray slope is resonated by the vibration sent from the transmission sensor 6, the received wave is received as a large waveform as shown in FIG. Therefore, the distinction between the sound part C and the separation gap part D can be performed clearly and objectively.
[0026]
Next, the core sampling survey which is the third stage diagnostic method 8 is performed on the separation gap D identified by the first stage and second stage diagnostic methods. As shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, a predetermined observation is performed in the collected core and the hole from which the core is removed. That is, FIG. 8A is a measurement of spraying thickness, FIG. 8B is a confirmation of the degree of adhesion between the ground and the spray slope, and FIG. 8C is the presence / absence of a separation gap D and the deterioration of the surface layer of the ground. The condition is diagnosed.
[0027]
Finally, comprehensive evaluation is performed based on the results of observation and analysis in the order of the first stage diagnostic method 1, the second stage diagnostic method 2, and the third stage diagnostic method 8, and the degradation range that requires repair and reinforcement measures is detected. The range is specified, and the process proceeds to the next means as shown.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the deterioration diagnosis method of the concrete spray slope according to the present invention,
(1) The deterioration range is non-contact, non-destructive and simple for the entire diagnosis target spray slope, and the deterioration range can be estimated with high efficiency, though not completely accurate.
[0029]
(2) The degradation range estimated by the first stage diagnosis method and the remaining range of the first stage diagnosis method in terms of accuracy, while the second stage diagnosis method is used for non-destructive, high accuracy, and forced vibration. The degree of adhesion between the spray slope and the ground can be objectively and clearly identified by the response waveform difference.
[0030]
(3) For the degradation range estimated (specified) by the first and second stage diagnosis methods, the third stage diagnosis method is used to perform partial destruction such as core removal only at the minimum necessary locations, and the spraying method. It is possible to reliably observe the deterioration state of the surface itself, the close contact or separation gap state between the spray slope and the natural ground, and the weathering / degradation state of the natural ground surface.
[0031]
(4) By sequentially combining the diagnostic methods from (1) to (3) above, the degradation range and location of the vast spray slope can be evaluated with high-efficiency, accurate and objective indicators, and safe. That can be diagnosed.
[0032]
(5) The impact on the spraying slope can be reduced to the minimum without causing impacts, and the negative effects of diagnosis can be reduced as much as possible. The accuracy and cost can be significantly improved compared to the conventional method.
Etc. can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory flowchart showing a schematic procedure of a concrete spray slope deterioration diagnosis method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view and a cross-sectional view showing a state of a spray slope to be diagnosed.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing a first stage diagnostic method of the diagnostic method according to the present invention, for example, a thermal infrared imaging method.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view taken by a thermal infrared imaging method which is an example of a first stage diagnostic method in the present invention.
[Fig. 5 (a)]
FIG. 5 (b) is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing a second stage diagnostic method of the diagnostic method according to the present invention, for example, a transverse wave resonance method.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing a phenomenon when a sound part and a separation gap part are observed by a transverse wave resonance method which is an example of a second stage diagnostic method in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a waveform characteristic diagram in which reception signals of a sound part and a separation gap part are displayed on an oscilloscope by a transverse wave resonance method which is an example of a second stage diagnosis method in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing cores collected by a core removal survey, which is an example of a third stage diagnostic method according to the present invention, and spraying slopes after collection.
FIG. 9 is a full view of a concrete spray slope around an existing dam to which the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... First stage diagnostic method 2 ... Second stage diagnostic method 3 ... Thermal infrared camera 4 ... Transmitter and receiver 5 in a transverse wave resonance method apparatus ... Connection line 6 in a transverse wave resonance method apparatus ... Of a transverse wave resonance method apparatus Transmitting sensor 7 ... Receiving sensor 8 of transverse wave resonance method device ... 3rd stage diagnosis method 9 ... Connecting line 10 ... Display device 11 such as an oscilloscope ... Analyzer A such as a personal computer ... Simulation target spray slope B ... Mt. Healthy part D ... Separation gap (cavity)
E ... Deterioration range

Claims (1)

In the deterioration diagnosis method of existing concrete spray slopes constructed as surface protection works for rock slopes, ground slopes, cut slopes, etc., the degradation extent of the entire diagnosis target is estimated with high efficiency, simple and non-destructive First stage diagnostic method using thermal infrared imaging method to diagnose, degradation range diagnosed as part of gap formed between spray slope and ground by first stage diagnostic method and first stage diagnostic The method using the transverse wave resonance method based on analysis of the received wave obtained by arranging the transmitting means and the receiving means for non-destructive complementary diagnosis with high accuracy for the indeterminate range that could not be determined as a healthy part by the law The degradation range narrowed down by the two-stage diagnostic method and the above-mentioned first-stage diagnostic method and the second-stage diagnostic method is locally broken through an optical device from the small hole in the concrete spray slope or by removing the spray slope from the core. Observe and perform in order of the degree of adhesion between the above-mentioned spray slope and the natural ground and the third stage diagnosis method for diagnosing the deterioration state of the surface area of the natural ground, and comprehensively measure the degree of adhesion between the spray slope and the natural ground and its deterioration state Diagnosis method for deterioration of existing concrete spray slope, characterized in that it is diagnosed automatically.

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