JP4077925B2 - Medical waste liquid treatment method, medical waste liquid treatment agent, and medical waste liquid treatment container - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、手術、出産、又は分析等の医療行為により排出される医療廃液を安全に廃棄処理するための医療廃液処理方法の改良に関し、かつ、前記処理方法を実行可能な医療廃液処理剤及び医療廃液処理容器に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
病院での手術や出産の際に排出される血液や羊水又は検査後の尿や血液等のような液状の医療廃液は、医療従事者や廃棄業者に対する感染症を防止するために、使い捨ての廃液容器に回収され、所定量溜まった時点で医療用廃棄物業者に依頼して容器ごと焼却処理されるか、又は、施設内で医療従事者等により適当な方法で処理されていた。
しかし、廃棄処理を医療用廃棄物業者に依頼する場合には、業者が感染性の廃液を液状のまま収容した廃液容器を廃棄場まで輸送しなければならないので、万一の事故等により廃液容器が破損して廃液が流出又は飛散して周囲の人間に感染する恐れがあるという問題があり、また、施設内で医療従事者等が廃液を処理する場合にも処理中に廃液が飛散して感染する恐れがあるという問題がある。
上記したように、医療廃液を液状のまま廃棄処理することは感染症の観点から見て非常に危険であるため、これらを固形化した後、廃棄処理することが望まれる。
医療廃液を固形化する廃液処理剤としては、吸水性が高く、一旦吸水した水は多少の圧力を加えても離水しないという保水性を有する吸水性樹脂から成る処理剤が特開平４−１２２２６３号公報及び特開平６−２１６号公報で提案されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記した吸水性樹脂は、水と接触すると瞬時に吸水・膨潤して、水全体をゲル状にする性質をもつ合成高分子であるので、医療廃液をゲル状まで固形化することはできるが、固形化がゲル状までしか達成できないため、固形化された医療廃液はその表面が湿っている。
従って、運搬中の収容容器の破損等が原因で処理作業者が固形化した医療廃液の表面に触れる可能性があることを考えると、前記した従来の医療廃液処理剤では充分な安全性が確保できるとは言えず、改善の余地がある。
また、医療廃液の中でも特に血液等は、その色が処理作業者に視覚的な不安感を与え、運搬作業や処理作業を行う作業者の精神的な負担を大きくするという問題があり、また、このように精神的な負担が大きくなると、作業中に通常では考えられない事故を招く危険もあるという問題も生じる。
本発明は、上記した従来の医療廃液処理剤における問題点を解決し、処理作業又は運搬作業中の作業者の充分な安全性を確保でき、かつ、精神的な負担を軽減することのできる医療廃液処理方法、医療廃液処理剤及び医療廃液処理容器を提供することを目的としている。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記した目的を達成するために、本発明に係る医療廃液処理方法は、医療用廃液中に、塩素系殺菌剤、塩素還元剤、吸水性高分子を添加し、前記塩素系殺菌剤で医療廃液中の細菌やウィルスを殺菌し、前記塩素還元剤で塩素系殺菌剤の余剰な酸化力を消費し、前記吸水性高分子で医療用廃液を吸水して固形化することを特徴とするものである。
好ましくは、これら塩素系殺菌剤、塩素還元剤及び吸水性高分子は順に添加されるか、又は少なくとも、前記塩素系殺菌剤の殺菌速度及び塩素還元剤の余剰な酸化力の消費速度より、医療廃液を吸水する速度が遅い吸水性高分子を用いて、同時に添加され得る。
また、有利には、前記吸水性高分子を水崩壊性又は水溶解性材料で覆い、該吸水性高分子の作用開始時間を、前記塩素系殺菌剤及び塩素還元剤の作用開始時間より遅らせることにより、前記吸水性高分子の吸水時間が遅くされ得る。
また、本発明に係る医療廃液処理剤は、医療廃液中の細菌やウィルスを殺菌する塩素系殺菌剤と、前記塩素系殺菌剤の余剰な酸化力を消費する塩素還元剤と、医療廃液を吸水して固形化する吸水性高分子とを有し、好ましくは、前記吸水性高分子は、その吸水速度が、前記塩素系殺菌剤の殺菌速度及び塩素還元剤の消費速度より遅いものが選ばれるか、又は水崩壊性又は水溶解性材料で覆われ得る。
また、この場合、前記塩素系殺菌剤は、例えば、ジクロロイソシアヌール酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素ナトリウム、さらし粉又は高度さらし粉から成り得、また、前記塩素還元剤は、例えば、蛋白質又はチオ硫酸ナトリウムから成り得る。
有利には、前記医療廃液処理剤は、塩素系殺菌剤投入後の医療廃液中のｐＨを、塩素ガスの発生を防止でき、かつ、塩素ガスの発生を防止できる範囲で殺菌効果の高い値に調整するためのｐＨ調整剤をさらに含むことができ、また、廃液中に含まれる電解質のイオン強度を低下させ、前記吸水性高分子が持つ親水性基と電解質との結合を防止する物質をさらに含むこともできる。
好ましくは、塩素系殺菌剤、塩素還元剤、及び吸水性高分子は、少なくとも医療廃液中に投入後に、これら各成分を医療廃液中へ放出可能な容器に収容され得、この場合、前記容器は、少なくとも一部が水溶性材料又は水崩壊性材料から成り得る。
また、本発明に係る医療廃液処理容器は、内部に医療廃液を収容でき、前記した医療廃液処理剤を医療廃液中に放出可能に備えていることを特徴とするものである。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る医療廃液処理方法及び処理剤における吸水性樹脂は、その組成からデンプン系、セルロース系及び合成高分子系の三種類に大別され、例えば、デンプン系としては、デンプン−アクリロニトリルグラフト共重合体、デンプン−アクリル酸グラフト共重合体、デンプン−ビニルスルホン酸グラフト共重合体、又はデンプン−スチレンスルホン酸グラフト共重合体が挙げられ、セルロース系としては、セルロース−アクリロニトリルグラフト共重合体、セルロース−スチレンスルホン酸グラフト共重合体、又はカルボキシメチルセルロース架橋重合体が挙げられる。
また、合成高分子系は、その組成からアクリル系、ポリビニルアルコール系、ポリエチレンオキサイド系、ポリビニルピロリドン系、その他に大別され、例えば、アクリル系としては、ポリアクリロニトリル系重合体、又はポリアクリル酸塩架橋重合体が挙げられ、ポリビニルアルコール系としては、ポリビニルアルコール架橋重合体、又はアクリル−酢酸ビニル共重合体が挙げられ、ポリエチレンオキサイド系としては、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート架橋重合体が挙げられ、ポリビニルピロリドン系としては、ポリビニルピロリドン系架橋重合体が挙げられ、また、上記した分類に属さないものとして、水酸基、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸塩、又はスルホン酸基等の構造を含む重合体が挙げられる。
【０００６】
また、本発明に係る医療廃液処理方法及び処理剤における塩素系殺菌剤としては、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸カルシウム（さらし粉の主成分）やジクロロイソシアヌール酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
この中でも、特に次亜塩素酸ナトリウムは、有効塩素濃度１０００ｐｐｍの添加量で、他の細菌やウィルスに比べて殺菌剤に対する耐性が非常に高いＨＢＶウィルスに対しても有効であり、従って、その他の感染源となる細菌やウィルスに対しても有効であるといえるので、殺菌力の観点から見ると好ましい。また、ジクロロイソシアヌール酸ナトリウムは有機物存在下でも殺菌効果が高いという効果を奏し、次亜塩素酸カルシウムは入手が容易で安価であるという効果を有する。
また、前記塩素系殺菌剤は、使い勝手がよいため固形の殺菌剤が好ましいが、勿論、液状のものでもよく、適用する医療廃液の種類に応じて、適宜決められ得る。尚、上記した例では、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム以外は全て固形の塩素系殺菌剤である。
【０００７】
また、本発明に係る医療廃液処理方法及び処理剤における塩素還元剤としては、蛋白質やチオ硫酸ナトリウム等の無機還元剤が挙げられる。
【０００８】
上記した、吸水性高分子、塩素系殺菌剤及び塩素還元剤を順次或いは同時に医療廃液に添加され、塩素系殺菌剤による廃液の殺菌、塩素還元剤による殺菌剤の余剰な酸化力の消費、及び吸水性高分子による廃液の吸収の反応が順次生じるようにされる。
各処理剤を順に添加する場合には、始めに塩素系殺菌剤を添加し、次いで塩素還元剤を添加し、最後に吸水性高分子が添加され得る。
また、各処理剤を同時に添加する場合には、塩素系殺菌剤及び塩素系還元剤の反応速度より吸水速度の遅い吸水性高分子を用いることにより、前記反応順が達成され得る。吸水速度の遅い吸水性高分子としては、例えば、住友精化製のアクアキープＳＡ６０Ｓ（商標）が挙げられる。同社製のアクアキープ６０ＮｔｙｐｅII（商標）や三菱化成製のアクアパールＺＳ４５（商標）が、約２分又は２分３０秒で１ｇ当たり０．９％の濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液１００ｍｌを吸水するのに対して、このアクアキープＳＡ６０Ｓ（商標）は吸水速度が遅いため、約５分の時間を必要とする。尚、これは、単なる一例であり、吸水性高分子は、その吸水速度が、吸水性高分子が医療廃液を完全に吸水固化してしまう前に、塩素系殺菌剤及び塩素還元剤の殺菌及び消費反応が終わるのに十分な遅さであれば任意のものでよく、この条件を満たせる場合には、例えば、上記したアクアキープ６０ＮｔｙｐｅII（商標）やアクアパールＺＳ４５（商標）を用いてもよい。
またさらに、各処理剤を同時に添加する場合には、吸水性高分子を水崩壊性又は水溶解性材料で覆うことによっても、前記反応順は達成され得る。
上記した反応順により、塩素系殺菌剤の余剰酸化力が吸水性樹脂を浸食する前に、塩素還元剤が余剰酸化力を消費するので、吸水性樹脂により固化された廃液の固化状態が塩素系殺菌剤の作用で経時低下することなはく、また、吸水性樹脂が、塩素系殺菌剤で充分に殺菌された医療廃液を吸収することになるので、固化状態がゲル状であっても感染の恐れが無くなる。さらに、塩素系殺菌剤は、消臭及び脱色の効果もあるため、廃液中に血球成分が混入している場合でも、その色は脱色されるので、作業者に視覚的な不安感を与えることがなくなる。
【０００９】
ここで、前記塩素系殺菌剤として、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを用い、塩素還元剤としてチオ硫酸ナトリウムを使用した場合の殺菌作用と余剰酸化力消費作用について具体的に説明すると、次亜塩素ナトリウムは、水溶液中で、次式（１）及び（２）のような平衡状態で存在する。
Na+ ＋ H+ ＋ OCl- <=> Na+ ＋ HOCl （１）
HOCl ＋ Cl- ＋ H+ <=> Cl2 ＋ H2O （２）
ここで、HOCl及びCl2が殺菌に寄与し、次亜塩素HOClが次式（３）のように酸化反応を起こし、殺菌は酸化され、その機能を失う。
HOCl → H+ ＋ Cl+ ＋ O（活性酸素） （３）
上記塩素系殺菌剤の細菌との酸化反応と共に、塩素還元剤としてのチオ塩素酸ナトリウムが次式（４）のように塩素系殺菌剤の塩素と反応を起こして、余剰塩素は還元される。
Na2S2O3 ＋ 4Cl2 ＋ 5H2O → 2NaCl ＋ 2H2SO4 ＋ 6HCl （４）
これにより、上記式（２）の平衡は右へ移動し、次亜塩素酸は消費されることになる。
【００１０】
さらに、上記した構成成分以外の添加剤として、ｐＨ調整剤が添加され得る。このｐＨ調整剤は、医療廃液が酸性の場合、塩素系殺菌剤と酸性廃液とが反応して塩素ガスが発生することを防止する。ｐＨ調整剤は、強アルカリの塩、弱酸又は弱塩基等、任意のものが使用され得るが、好ましくは、塩素ガスの発生を防止できる範囲内で殺菌効果の高い所定のｐＨ（例えば、ｐＨ６〜ｐＨ８．５）に調整できる緩衝作用のあるものがよい。このようなｐＨ調整剤として、例えば、リン酸塩等が挙げられ、これらは、吸水性樹脂の吸水力を低下する原因となるＣａ2+と結合して沈殿するため、吸水性樹脂の吸水力低下が起こらないという点において都合がよい。
さらにまた、上記した構成成分以外の添加剤として、廃液中の電解質のイオン強度を低下させ、吸水性樹脂の持つ親水性基と電解質の結合を防止する物質が添加され得る。具体的には、医療廃液中に含まれるＣａ2+やＭｇ2+をキレート化するＥＤＴＡ（エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸）等のキレート剤や、イオン交換樹脂、イオン感応物質、又は電解質と結合して沈殿する沈殿剤等が挙げられ、キレート剤を用いた場合には医療廃液中に含まれる電解質に広範囲に反応して電解質のイオン強度を低下させることができ、イオン交換樹脂やイオン感応物質を用いる場合には医療廃液中に含まれるハロゲンイオンも除去することが可能であり、また、沈殿剤は、電解質の成分毎に用いればキレート剤等に比べて効果が高い。
尚、前記キレート剤は、金属イオンとの配位構造に基づいて、Ｎ，Ｏ−配位型、Ｏ，Ｏ−配位型、Ｎ，Ｓ−配位型、及びＳ，Ｓ−配位型に分類することができるが、処理すべき医療廃液の電解質濃度に応じてある程度の水溶性を持つものであれば特に限定されることなく、これらのキレート剤から任意のものが使用され得、これらキレート剤は適当な塩の形でも用いられ得る。これらキレート剤の中でも、コンプレクサン類、ルタレインコンプレクソン類、オキシン類が知られているＮ，Ｏ−配位型のキレート剤が、特に好ましいキレート剤として挙げられ得る。さらに好ましくは、前記Ｎ，Ｏ−配位型のキレート剤の中でも、前記ＥＤＴＡを含むコンプレクサン類が良好なキレート剤として挙げられる。
前記コンプレクサン類のキレート剤としては、具体的には、
１，２−シクロヘキサンジアミン４酢酸（ＣｙＤＴＡ）、
グリコールエーテルジアミン４酢酸（ＧＥＤＴＡ）、
ヘキサメチレンジアミン４酢酸（ＨＤＴＡ）、
イミノ２酢酸（ＩＤＡ）、
ヒドロキシエチルイミノ２酢酸（ＨＩＤＡ）、
１，３−ジアミノプロパン−２−オール４酢酸（ＤＰＴＡ−ＯＨ）、
ジエチレントリアミン５酢酸（ＤＴＰＡ）、
エチレンジアミン２酢酸（ＥＤＤＡ）、
エチレンジアミン２酢酸２プロピオン酸（ＥＤＤＰ）、
エチレンビス（オキシエチレンニトリロ）４酢酸（ＥＧＴＡ、グリコールエーテルジアミン４酢酸とも呼ばれる。）、
エチレンジアミンーテトラキス（メチレンホスホン酸）（ＥＤＴＰＯ）、
エチレンジアミン２プロピオン酸（ＥＤＤＰ）、
ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミン３酢酸（ＥＤＴＡ−ＯＨ）、
Ｎ−（２−ヒドロキシルエチル）エチレンジアミン３酢酸（ＨＥＥＤＴＡ）、
ニトリロ３酢酸（ＮＴＡ）、
ニトリロ３プロピオン酸（ＮＴＰ）、
ニトリロトリス（メチレンホスホン酸）、
２（ヒドロキシエチル）グリシン（ＮＴＰＯ）、
１，２−ジアミノプロパン４酢酸（Ｍｅｔｈｙｌ−ＥＤＴＡ）
等が挙げられ、これらのキレート剤の中でも、特にＥＤＴＡやＣｙＤＴＡ、或いはこれらの塩が特に好ましい。
また、上記の他に芳香剤を加えることも考えられ得る。
【００１１】
以上説明した医療廃液処理方法を達成可能な成分を含有する医療廃液処理剤は、例えば、吸水性樹脂、塩素系殺菌剤、及び塩素還元剤が、重量比で８０％，１５％，５％の割合で含有され得る。
また、医療廃液処理剤は、前記各処理剤をオブラート状のデンプンや、薬のカプセル等に利用されているゼラチン等のような水溶性の包装容器内に、上記した反応順で各処理剤が反応できるように収容し得る。具体的には、例えば、図１に示すように、吸水性高分子をカプセルに包み、それを塩素還元剤と共にオブラートで包み、さらにこれを殺菌剤と共にオブラートで包むことで前記医療廃液処理剤は製造され得る。
さらに、前記医療廃液処理剤は、例えば、廃液容器に医療廃液が溜まった後に添加することができるように形成され得る。このように廃液容器に医療廃液が溜まった後に添加できるように医療廃液処理剤を生成することにより、専用の廃液容器を使う必要がなくなるので、既存の医療検査装置で使用されている廃液ボトル等にも簡単に適用することができる。
また、医療廃液処理剤の材料として水崩壊性樹脂を利用する場合には、例えば、繊維同士を水溶性の接着剤で結合した水崩壊性不織布や水崩壊性紙等が利用され得、水溶性の接着剤としてはポリビニルアルコール系接着剤等が利用され得る。
上記したような材料に各処理剤を封入して医療廃液処理剤を形成すれば、医療廃液処理剤を、そのまま、廃液中に投入することができるが、例えば、各処理剤だけを廃液中に投入できる形態の包装容器に各処理剤を収容することも考えられ得る。
【００１２】
上記した前記医療廃液処理剤は、密閉性のある廃液容器内に様々な方法で配置され得る。例えば、図２に示すように配置した場合には、密閉性のある廃液容器内に廃液が溜まるに従って、医療廃液処理剤が順次廃液中に自動的に放出され、廃液を順次殺菌及び固形化する。また、例えば、図３に示すように配置した場合には、医療廃液が廃液容器の上まで溜まってから医療廃液処理剤が廃液中に自動的に放出され、廃液を殺菌及び固形化する。さらに、例えば、図４に示すように配置した場合には、作業者が適宜、放出棒を押すことにより医療廃液処理剤を一度に、又は数回に分けて廃液中に放出することができる。尚、図２〜図４に示すように廃液容器を構成する場合には、医療廃液処理剤は、各処理剤が上述の反応順で反応できるように、例えば、図１に示すように生成される。
また、廃液容器は、図５に示すように構成することもでき、このように構成した場合には、作業者が適宜、必要な処理剤に対応する放出棒を押すことで各処理剤を順に放出することができる。
【００１３】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る医療廃液処理方法及び医療廃液処理剤は、前記塩素系殺菌剤による医療廃液中の細菌の殺菌、塩素還元剤による塩素系殺菌剤の余剰な酸化力の消費、及び吸水性高分子による医療用廃液の固形化が順次行われるので、固形化された医療廃液からの感染の可能性は全くなくなり、処理作業者に対する充分な安全性を確保することができる。また、殺菌剤として塩素系殺菌剤を用いることにより、医療廃液の脱色を行えるので、例えば、医療廃液中に血液が混入している場合でも、血液の赤色は脱色され、処理作業者に視覚的な不安感を与えることがなくなり、処理作業者の精神的負担を軽減することができる。
また、本発明に係る医療廃液処理容器は、内部に医療廃液を収容でき、本発明に係る医療廃液処理剤を医療廃液中に放出可能に備えているので、単に医療廃液を医療廃液処理容器内に排出していくだけで、作業者を介さずに廃液の殺菌及び固形化が達成できるようになるので、簡単に医療廃液を処理できるようになり、また安全性も向上するという効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 医療廃液処理剤の構成の一実施例を示す図である。
【図２】 医療廃液処理容器の構成の一実施例を示す図である。
【図３】 医療廃液処理容器の構成の別の実施例を示す図である。
【図４】 医療廃液処理容器の構成のさらに別の実施例を示す図である。
【図５】 医療廃液処理容器の構成のさらに別の実施例を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement of a medical waste liquid treatment method for safely disposing of a medical waste liquid discharged by a medical action such as surgery, childbirth, or analysis, and a medical waste liquid treatment agent capable of performing the treatment method, and The present invention relates to a medical waste liquid treatment container.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Liquid medical waste fluids such as blood and amniotic fluid discharged during hospital surgery and childbirth or urine and blood after inspection are disposable waste fluids to prevent infectious diseases for health care workers and disposal companies. When a predetermined amount is collected in the container, it is incinerated with the medical waste supplier when it is collected, or it is processed by a medical worker or the like in the facility by an appropriate method.
However, when requesting the disposal of medical waste to a medical waste supplier, the waste container containing the infectious waste liquid must be transported to the disposal site. May be damaged and the effluent may flow out or scatter and infect people around you. In addition, even when medical personnel handle the effluent in the facility, the effluent may scatter during processing. There is a problem that there is a risk of infection.
As described above, since it is very dangerous from the viewpoint of infectious diseases to dispose of medical waste liquid in a liquid state, it is desired to dispose of it after solidifying these.
As a waste liquid treatment agent for solidifying medical waste liquid, there is a treatment agent comprising a water absorbent resin having high water absorption, and having water retention property that once absorbed water does not separate even if a certain pressure is applied, JP-A-4-122263. This is proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-216.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned water-absorbent resin is a synthetic polymer that has the property of instantly absorbing and swelling when in contact with water, making the entire water gel, so that medical waste liquid can be solidified to gel, Since solidification can only be achieved to a gel state, the surface of the solidified medical waste liquid is wet.
Therefore, considering that there is a possibility that the treatment worker may touch the surface of the solidified medical waste liquid due to damage to the storage container during transportation, the above-described conventional medical waste liquid treatment agent ensures sufficient safety. It cannot be said that there is room for improvement.
In addition, among the medical waste liquids, especially blood, there is a problem that the color gives the processing worker a visual anxiety, and increases the mental burden on the worker who performs the transportation work and the processing work. When the mental burden becomes large in this way, there also arises a problem that there is a risk of causing an unexpected accident during work.
The present invention solves the problems in the above-described conventional medical waste liquid treatment agents, can ensure sufficient safety for workers during the treatment work or transport work, and can reduce the mental burden It aims at providing a waste liquid processing method, a medical waste liquid processing agent, and a medical waste liquid processing container.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described object, the medical waste liquid treatment method according to the present invention includes adding a chlorine-based disinfectant, a chlorine reducing agent, a water-absorbing polymer to a medical waste liquid, and using the chlorine-based disinfectant as a medical waste liquid. It is characterized by sterilizing bacteria and viruses in the inside, consuming excess oxidizing power of the chlorine-based disinfectant with the chlorine reducing agent, and absorbing and solidifying medical waste liquid with the water-absorbing polymer. is there.
Preferably, the chlorine-based disinfectant, the chlorine-reducing agent, and the water-absorbing polymer are sequentially added, or at least based on the disinfection rate of the chlorine-based disinfectant and the consumption rate of the excess oxidizing power of the chlorine-reducing agent. It can be added simultaneously using a water-absorbing polymer that absorbs waste liquid slowly.
Also, advantageously, the water-absorbing polymer is covered with a water-disintegrating or water-soluble material, and the action starting time of the water-absorbing polymer is delayed from the action starting time of the chlorine-based disinfectant and chlorine reducing agent. Accordingly, the water absorption time of the water-absorbing polymer can be delayed.
The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to the present invention includes a chlorine-based disinfectant that disinfects bacteria and viruses in the medical waste liquid, a chlorine reducing agent that consumes excessive oxidizing power of the chlorine-based disinfectant, and a medical waste liquid that absorbs water. Preferably, the water-absorbing polymer is selected such that its water absorption rate is slower than the sterilization rate of the chlorine-based disinfectant and the consumption rate of the chlorine reducing agent. Or can be covered with a water-disintegrating or water-soluble material.
In this case, the chlorine-based disinfectant may be composed of, for example, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium hypochlorite, bleached powder or highly bleached powder, and the chlorine reducing agent is composed of, for example, protein or sodium thiosulfate. obtain.
Advantageously, the medical waste liquid treatment agent has a pH value in the medical waste liquid after the introduction of the chlorine-based disinfectant so that the generation of chlorine gas can be prevented and the high bactericidal effect can be prevented. A pH adjusting agent for adjusting can further be included, and further a substance that reduces the ionic strength of the electrolyte contained in the waste liquid and prevents the binding between the hydrophilic group of the water-absorbing polymer and the electrolyte. It can also be included.
Preferably, the chlorine-based disinfectant, the chlorine reducing agent, and the water-absorbing polymer can be stored in a container capable of releasing each of these components into the medical waste liquid at least after being put into the medical waste liquid. , At least in part may be made of a water soluble material or a water disintegrating material.
The medical waste liquid treatment container according to the present invention is characterized in that the medical waste liquid can be accommodated therein and the medical waste liquid treatment agent can be released into the medical waste liquid.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The water-absorbent resin in the medical waste liquid treatment method and treatment agent according to the present invention is roughly classified into three types, starch-based, cellulose-based, and synthetic polymer-based, based on the composition. For example, starch-based acrylonitrile graft copolymer Polymer, starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, starch-vinyl sulfonic acid graft copolymer, or starch-styrene sulfonic acid graft copolymer, and cellulose-based cellulose-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, cellulose -A styrenesulfonic acid graft copolymer or a carboxymethylcellulose cross-linked polymer may be mentioned.
Synthetic polymer systems are broadly classified into acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and others based on their compositions. For example, polyacrylonitrile polymers or polyacrylates are used as acrylic systems. Examples of the polyvinyl alcohol type include a polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked polymer or an acrylic-vinyl acetate copolymer. Examples of the polyethylene oxide type include a polyethylene glycol diacrylate cross-linked polymer, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Examples of the system include polyvinyl pyrrolidone-based cross-linked polymers, and examples of polymers that do not belong to the above classification include polymers having a structure such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylate, or a sulfonic acid group.
[0006]
Examples of the chlorine-based disinfectant in the medical waste liquid treatment method and treatment agent according to the present invention include sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite (a main component of bleached powder), sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and the like.
Of these, sodium hypochlorite is particularly effective against HBV virus, which has an extremely high resistance to bactericides as compared with other bacteria and viruses, at an effective chlorine concentration of 1000 ppm. Since it can also be said that it is effective against bacteria and viruses that are the source of infection, it is preferable from the viewpoint of bactericidal activity. Further, sodium dichloroisocyanurate has an effect of high bactericidal effect even in the presence of organic substances, and calcium hypochlorite has an effect that it is easily available and inexpensive.
The chlorine-based disinfectant is preferably a solid disinfectant because of its ease of use, but of course may be a liquid disinfectant and can be appropriately determined according to the type of medical waste liquid to be applied. In the above-described example, all except for sodium hypochlorite are solid chlorine-based disinfectants.
[0007]
Examples of the chlorine reducing agent in the medical waste liquid treatment method and treatment agent according to the present invention include proteins and inorganic reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate.
[0008]
The above-described water-absorbing polymer, chlorine-based disinfectant and chlorine-reducing agent are added to medical waste liquid sequentially or simultaneously, sterilization of waste liquid by chlorine-based disinfectant, consumption of excess oxidizing power of disinfectant by chlorine-reducing agent, and Reaction of absorption of the waste liquid by the water-absorbing polymer occurs sequentially.
When adding each processing agent in order, a chlorine-type disinfectant is added first, then a chlorine reducing agent is added, and finally a water-absorbing polymer can be added.
Moreover, when adding each processing agent simultaneously, the said reaction order can be achieved by using the water absorbing polymer whose water absorption rate is slower than the reaction rate of a chlorine type germicide and a chlorine type reducing agent. Examples of the water-absorbing polymer having a low water absorption rate include Aqua Keep SA60S (trademark) manufactured by Sumitomo Seika. The company's Aqua Keep 60 Ntype II (trademark) and Mitsubishi Kasei Aquapearl ZS45 (trademark) absorb 100 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution per gram in about 2 minutes or 2 minutes 30 seconds. This Aqua Keep SA60S (trademark) requires a time of about 5 minutes because of its low water absorption rate. This is merely an example, and the water-absorbing polymer has a rate of water absorption of the chlorine-based disinfectant and chlorine reducing agent before the water-absorbing polymer completely absorbs and solidifies the medical waste liquid. Any delay may be used as long as it is slow enough to finish the consumption reaction. If this condition can be satisfied, for example, the above-mentioned Aquakeep 60Ntype II (trademark) or Aquapearl ZS45 (trademark) may be used.
Furthermore, when each processing agent is added at the same time, the reaction order can also be achieved by covering the water-absorbing polymer with a water-disintegrating or water-soluble material.
According to the above reaction sequence, the chlorine reducing agent consumes the surplus oxidizing power before the surplus oxidizing power of the chlorine-based disinfectant erodes the water-absorbing resin, so that the solidified state of the waste liquid solidified by the water-absorbing resin is chlorine-based. It does not deteriorate over time due to the action of the bactericidal agent, and the water-absorbing resin absorbs the medical waste liquid sufficiently sterilized with the chlorinated bactericidal agent, so that the infection is not affected even if the solidified state is gel. The fear of Furthermore, since chlorine-based disinfectants also have a deodorizing and decolorizing effect, even if blood cell components are mixed in the waste liquid, the color is decolored, giving the operator a visual anxiety. Disappears.
[0009]
Here, when the sodium chlorite is used as the chlorine-based disinfectant and sodium thiosulfate is used as the chlorine reducing agent, the disinfection action and the surplus oxidizing power consumption action will be specifically described. Sodium hypochlorite is In an aqueous solution, it exists in an equilibrium state as in the following formulas (1) and (2).
Na + + H + + OCl - < = > Na + + HOCl (1)
HOCl + Cl - + H + <=> Cl 2 + H 2 O (2)
Here, HOCl and Cl 2 contribute to sterilization, hypochlorous HOCl causes an oxidation reaction as shown in the following formula (3), the sterilization is oxidized, and its function is lost.
HOCl → H + + Cl + + O (active oxygen) (3)
Along with the oxidation reaction of the chlorine-based disinfectant with bacteria, sodium thiochlorate as a chlorine reducing agent reacts with chlorine of the chlorine-based disinfectant as shown in the following formula (4), and excess chlorine is reduced.
Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 4Cl 2 + 5H 2 O → 2NaCl + 2H 2 SO 4 + 6HCl (4)
Thereby, the equilibrium of the above formula (2) shifts to the right, and hypochlorous acid is consumed.
[0010]
Furthermore, a pH adjuster may be added as an additive other than the above-described components. When the medical waste liquid is acidic, this pH adjuster prevents the chlorine-based disinfectant and the acidic waste liquid from reacting to generate chlorine gas. As the pH adjusting agent, any salt such as a strong alkali salt, a weak acid or a weak base can be used, but preferably a predetermined pH (for example, pH 6 to 6) having a high bactericidal effect within a range in which generation of chlorine gas can be prevented. It should have a buffering action that can be adjusted to pH 8.5). Examples of such a pH adjuster include phosphates and the like, which bind to and precipitate Ca 2+ which causes a decrease in the water absorption capacity of the water absorbent resin. Convenient in that no reduction occurs.
Furthermore, a substance that reduces the ionic strength of the electrolyte in the waste liquid and prevents the binding between the hydrophilic group of the water absorbent resin and the electrolyte can be added as an additive other than the above-described constituent components. Specifically, it precipitates by binding to a chelating agent such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) that chelates Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ contained in medical waste liquid, an ion exchange resin, an ion sensitive substance, or an electrolyte. In the case of using a chelating agent, the ionic strength of the electrolyte can be reduced by reacting extensively with the electrolyte contained in the medical waste liquid, and when using an ion exchange resin or an ion sensitive substance. Can also remove halogen ions contained in medical waste liquid, and the precipitating agent is more effective than chelating agents and the like when used for each component of the electrolyte.
The chelating agent is based on a coordination structure with a metal ion, based on an N, O-coordination type, an O, O-coordination type, an N, S-coordination type, and an S, S-coordination type. Any one of these chelating agents can be used without particular limitation as long as it has a certain degree of water solubility depending on the electrolyte concentration of the medical waste liquid to be treated. Chelating agents can also be used in the form of suitable salts. Among these chelating agents, N, O-coordination type chelating agents for which complexans, rutalene complexones, and oxins are known may be mentioned as particularly preferable chelating agents. More preferably, among the N, O-coordination type chelating agents, complexants containing the EDTA are preferable as chelating agents.
As the complexant chelating agent, specifically,
1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CyDTA),
Glycol ether diamine tetraacetic acid (GEDTA),
Hexamethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (HDTA),
Iminodiacetic acid (IDA),
Hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HIDA),
1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol tetraacetic acid (DPTA-OH),
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA),
Ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA),
Ethylenediaminediacetic acid-2-propionic acid (EDDP),
Ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo) tetraacetic acid (EGTA, also called glycol ether diamine tetraacetic acid),
Ethylenediamine-tetrakis (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTPO),
Ethylenediamine 2-propionic acid (EDDP),
Hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid (EDTA-OH),
N- (2-hydroxylethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEEDTA),
Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA),
Nitrilo-3-propionic acid (NTP),
Nitrilotris (methylenephosphonic acid),
2 (hydroxyethyl) glycine (NTPO),
1,2-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid (Methyl-EDTA)
Among these chelating agents, EDTA, CyDTA, or salts thereof are particularly preferable among these chelating agents.
It is also conceivable to add fragrances in addition to the above.
[0011]
The medical waste liquid treatment agent containing a component capable of achieving the medical waste liquid treatment method described above includes, for example, a water-absorbing resin, a chlorine-based disinfectant, and a chlorine reducing agent at 80%, 15%, and 5% by weight. It can be contained in proportions.
In addition, the treatment agent for medical waste liquid contains each treatment agent in an order of the reaction described above in a water-soluble packaging container such as an oblate starch or gelatin used for a capsule of medicine. Can be accommodated for reaction. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the medical waste liquid treatment agent is obtained by wrapping a water-absorbing polymer in a capsule, wrapping it in an oblate with a chlorine reducing agent, and further wrapping it in an oblate with a bactericidal agent. Can be manufactured.
Furthermore, the medical waste liquid treatment agent can be formed, for example, so that it can be added after the medical waste liquid has accumulated in the waste liquid container. In this way, it is not necessary to use a dedicated waste liquid container by generating a medical waste liquid treatment agent so that it can be added after the medical waste liquid has accumulated in the waste liquid container, so waste liquid bottles used in existing medical inspection devices, etc. It can also be applied easily.
Further, when using a water-disintegrating resin as a material for a medical waste liquid treatment agent, for example, a water-disintegrating nonwoven fabric or a water-disintegrating paper in which fibers are bonded with a water-soluble adhesive can be used. As the adhesive, a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive or the like can be used.
If each treatment agent is encapsulated in the material as described above to form a medical waste liquid treatment agent, the medical waste liquid treatment agent can be put into the waste liquid as it is. For example, only each treatment agent is contained in the waste liquid. It can be considered that each processing agent is accommodated in a packaging container in a form that can be charged.
[0012]
The medical waste liquid treatment agent described above can be arranged in various ways in a sealed liquid container. For example, when arranged as shown in FIG. 2, the medical waste liquid treatment agent is automatically released into the waste liquid sequentially as the waste liquid accumulates in the sealed waste liquid container, and the waste liquid is sequentially sterilized and solidified. . For example, when arranged as shown in FIG. 3, the medical waste liquid treatment agent is automatically released into the waste liquid after the medical waste liquid has accumulated on the waste liquid container, and the waste liquid is sterilized and solidified. Furthermore, for example, in the case of the arrangement as shown in FIG. 4, the medical waste liquid treatment agent can be discharged into the waste liquid at once or several times by appropriately pressing the discharge rod by the operator. When the waste liquid container is configured as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the medical waste liquid treatment agent is generated as shown in FIG. 1, for example, so that each treatment agent can react in the above-mentioned reaction order. The
Further, the waste liquid container can also be configured as shown in FIG. 5, and in this case, each processing agent is sequentially turned by the operator pressing the discharge bar corresponding to the required processing agent as appropriate. Can be released.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the medical waste liquid treatment method and the medical waste liquid treatment agent according to the present invention are sterilization of bacteria in the medical waste liquid by the chlorine-based disinfectant and consumption of excess oxidizing power of the chlorine-based disinfectant by the chlorine reducing agent. Since the medical waste liquid is solidified sequentially with the water-absorbing polymer, there is no possibility of infection from the solidified medical waste liquid, and sufficient safety for the processing operator can be ensured. In addition, by using a chlorine-based disinfectant as a disinfectant, it is possible to decolor the medical waste liquid. For example, even when blood is mixed in the medical waste liquid, the red color of the blood is decolored and is visually visible to the processing operator. It is possible to reduce a mental burden on the processing worker.
Further, the medical waste liquid treatment container according to the present invention can accommodate the medical waste liquid inside, and is provided with the medical waste liquid treatment agent according to the present invention so that it can be released into the medical waste liquid. Since the waste liquid can be sterilized and solidified without the intervention of the operator by simply discharging it, the medical waste liquid can be easily treated and the safety can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a medical waste liquid treatment agent.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a configuration of a medical waste liquid treatment container.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the configuration of the medical waste liquid treatment container.
FIG. 4 is a view showing still another embodiment of the configuration of the medical waste liquid treatment container.
FIG. 5 is a view showing still another embodiment of the configuration of the medical waste liquid treatment container.
Claims (14)
前記塩素系殺菌剤で医療廃液中の細菌やウィルスを殺菌し、
前記塩素還元剤で塩素系殺菌剤の余剰な酸化力を消費し、
前記吸水性高分子で医療用廃液を吸水して固形化する
ことを特徴とする医療廃液処理方法。Add chlorine-based disinfectant, chlorine reducing agent, water-absorbing polymer to medical waste liquid,
Bacteria and viruses in medical waste liquid are sterilized with the chlorine-based disinfectant,
Consuming excess oxidizing power of chlorine-based disinfectant with the chlorine reducing agent,
A medical waste liquid treatment method, comprising absorbing and solidifying a medical waste liquid with the water-absorbing polymer.
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の医療廃液処理方法。The medical waste liquid treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the chlorine-based disinfectant, the chlorine reducing agent, and the water-absorbing polymer are sequentially added.
前記塩素系殺菌剤、塩素還元剤及び吸水性高分子を同時に添加する
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の医療廃液処理方法。At least using a water-absorbing polymer that absorbs medical waste liquid slower than the sterilization rate of the chlorine-based disinfectant and the consumption rate of excess oxidizing power of the chlorine reducing agent,
The medical waste liquid treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the chlorine-based disinfectant, the chlorine reducing agent, and the water-absorbing polymer are added simultaneously.
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の医療廃液処理方法。By covering the water-absorbing polymer with a water-disintegrating or water-soluble material and delaying the action start time of the water-absorbing polymer from the action start time of the chlorine-based disinfectant and chlorine reducing agent, The medical waste liquid treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the water absorption time of molecules is delayed.
前記塩素系殺菌剤の余剰な酸化力を消費する塩素還元剤と、
医療廃液を吸水して固形化する吸水性高分子と
を有することを特徴とする医療廃液処理剤。A chlorine-based disinfectant that disinfects bacteria and viruses in medical wastewater;
A chlorine reducing agent that consumes excess oxidizing power of the chlorine-based disinfectant;
A medical waste liquid treatment agent comprising: a water-absorbing polymer that absorbs medical waste liquid to solidify it.
ことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to claim 5, wherein the water absorption rate of the water-absorbing polymer is slower than the sterilization rate of the chlorine-based disinfectant and the consumption rate of the chlorine reducing agent.
を特徴とする請求項５に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to claim 5, wherein at least the water-absorbing polymer is covered with a water-disintegrating or water-soluble material.
ことを特徴とする請求項５〜７の何れか一項に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the chlorine-based disinfectant is composed of sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium hypochlorite, bleached powder, or highly bleached powder.
ことを特徴とする請求項５〜８の何れか一項に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the chlorine reducing agent comprises protein or sodium thiosulfate.
塩素ガスの発生を防止でき、かつ、塩素ガスの発生を防止できる範囲で殺菌効果の高い値に調整するためのｐＨ調整剤をさらに含む
ことを特徴とする請求項５〜９の何れか一項に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The pH in the medical waste liquid after introducing the chlorine-based disinfectant
The pH regulator for adjusting to the value with a high bactericidal effect in the range which can prevent generation | occurrence | production of chlorine gas and can prevent generation | occurrence | production of chlorine gas is further included, The any one of Claims 5-9 characterized by the above-mentioned. Medical waste liquid treatment agent as described in 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項５〜１０の何れか一項に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The ionic strength of the electrolyte contained in the waste liquid is further reduced, and the substance further includes a substance that prevents the binding between the hydrophilic group of the water-absorbing polymer and the electrolyte. Medical waste liquid treatment agent as described in 1.
ことを特徴とする請求項５〜１１の何れか一項に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The chlorine-based disinfectant, the chlorine reducing agent, and the water-absorbing polymer are accommodated in a container capable of releasing each of these components into the medical waste liquid at least after being put into the medical waste liquid. The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to any one of 11.
ことを特徴とする請求項１２に記載の医療廃液処理剤。The medical waste liquid treatment agent according to claim 12, wherein at least a part of the container is made of a water-soluble material or a water-disintegrating material.
請求項５〜１３の何れか一項に記載の医療廃液処理剤を、医療廃液中に放出可能に備えている
ことを特徴とする医療廃液処理容器。Medical waste liquid can be stored inside,
A medical waste liquid treatment container, wherein the medical waste liquid treatment agent according to any one of claims 5 to 13 is releasably provided in the medical waste liquid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10604398A JP4077925B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Medical waste liquid treatment method, medical waste liquid treatment agent, and medical waste liquid treatment container |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10604398A JP4077925B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Medical waste liquid treatment method, medical waste liquid treatment agent, and medical waste liquid treatment container |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11299844A JPH11299844A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| JP4077925B2 true JP4077925B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
Family
ID=14423619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10604398A Expired - Lifetime JP4077925B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Medical waste liquid treatment method, medical waste liquid treatment agent, and medical waste liquid treatment container |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4077925B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4564499B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2010-10-20 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Waste liquid solidifying agent, production method thereof and use thereof |
| US9044377B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2015-06-02 | Cactus, Llc | Pharmaceutical waste disposal assembly |
| JP6130141B2 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2017-05-17 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Disposal of used hygiene products |
| WO2013121716A1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | テルモ株式会社 | Container for housing biological excretion fluid |
| WO2014028307A1 (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-02-20 | Cactus, Llc | Pharmaceutical waste disposal assembly |
| JP7062402B2 (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2022-05-06 | 大研医器株式会社 | Waste liquid treatment method |
| JP7344643B2 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2023-09-14 | 大研医器株式会社 | Waste liquid treatment composition and waste liquid treatment method |
-
1998
- 1998-04-16 JP JP10604398A patent/JP4077925B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11299844A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
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