JP4076119B2 - Antiallergic agent and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Antiallergic agent and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP4076119B2
JP4076119B2 JP2001035503A JP2001035503A JP4076119B2 JP 4076119 B2 JP4076119 B2 JP 4076119B2 JP 2001035503 A JP2001035503 A JP 2001035503A JP 2001035503 A JP2001035503 A JP 2001035503A JP 4076119 B2 JP4076119 B2 JP 4076119B2
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pineapple
extract
antiallergic
water
antiallergic agent
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JP2002241294A (en
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仁美 山口
進 増田
洋子 嶋岡
善弘 小川
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Kikkoman Corp
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Kikkoman Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、パイナップル抽出物を有効物質として含有する抗アレルギー剤及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近、気管支喘息、花粉症やアトピー性皮膚炎などのアレルギー性疾患の患者が増大し、大きな社会問題になっている。何らかのアレルギーを持つ人は今や5人に1人までになっており、国民病とまで言われている。アレルギー疾患の発症のメカニズムは、肥満細胞に結合したIgE抗体がアレルゲン(抗原)と結合すると、ヒスタミンなどのケミカルメディエーターが放出され、くしゃみ、鼻水、目のかゆみといったアレルギー症状を引き起こすと考えられている。このため、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を有する成分は、抗アレルギー剤としての効果が期待できる。そして、医療の現場では、種々のアレルギー性疾患の予防・治療に有用な抗アレルギー剤の開発が強く求められている。従来知られている抗アレルギー剤としては、クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、フマル酸ケトチフェン、トシル酸スプラタスト等の化学合成品や、ヨモギ抽出物や甜茶抽出物(特開平06−192114)等が知られているが、パイナップルを原料とする抗アレルギー剤は知られていない。前記の既存抗アレルギー剤は、副作用も含め安全性の問題点や、有効性が不十分である等、それぞれ、一長一短があり、必ずしも、理想的な抗アレルギー剤とは言えず、それ故に現在も、各方面で抗アレルギー剤の研究開発が続けられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、食糧資源を原料とし、安全で且つ有効な新規の抗アレルギー剤及びその製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、前記課題を達成するために、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を指標とし、又、食糧資源を原料とし、抗アレルギー物資を鋭意探索した。その結果、パイナップルに抗アレルギー活性成分が含まれること、及び抗アレルギー活性を有する画分は、パイナップル搾汁粕に多く含まれること、又、活性成分は親水性有機溶媒により効率的に抽出できることを知見し、本発明を完成した。即ち、本発明は、パイナップル抽出物を有効物質して含有することを特徴とする抗アレルギー剤及び該抗アレルギー剤を含有する医薬品、飲食品、化粧品を提供するものである。又、その製造方法は、原料としてパイナップル、特に好ましくはパイナップル搾汁粕を用い、抽出溶媒として親水性有機溶媒、特に好ましくは50〜100%エタノールを用いることからなっている。
なお、本願において使用する「親水性有機溶媒」の用語は、次の通り定義する。「親水性有機溶媒とは、20℃において、水に対する溶解度が5%以上である有機溶媒と定義する。」
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を詳細に説明する。
先ず、本発明の抗アレルギー剤及び該抗アレルギー剤を含有する医薬品、飲食品、化粧品について説明する。
【0006】
抗アレルギー剤: 本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、パイナップル抽出物を有効物質として含有することを特徴とする。パイナップル抽出物としては、特に、パイナップル搾汁粕抽出物は、有効性が高く望ましい。この場合、パイナップル搾汁粕としては、パイナップルの植物体全体の他、果実、果皮等の任意の部位を搾汁したもの等が用いられる。パイナップル抽出物は、そのままでも抗アレルギー剤として使用できるが、顆粒状・粉末状・錠剤状あるいはブロック状などに成形したものが好ましい。その際、本抗アレルギー剤には、パイナップル抽出物以外に、例えば固形担体、液体担体、油性担体、防腐・殺菌剤、香料、呈味剤、着色料、等が配合されていても良い。なお、本抗アレルギー剤には、パイナップル抽出物に加えてそれ以外のパイナップルの成分、例えば、果汁等が含まれていてもよく、パイナップル搾汁粕そのものを用いることもできる。本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、パイナップル抽出物又はパイナップル搾汁粕抽出物を有効物質とする。実施例に示すように、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を示す。したがって、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、種々のアレルギー性疾患の予防剤又は治療剤、抗炎症剤あるいはヒスタミン遊離抑制剤として有用である。アレルギー性疾患とは、例えば、花粉、ダニやハウスダストなどにより発症するアレルギー性鼻炎、アレルギー性皮膚炎、牛乳・卵などの特定の食物に対して起こる食物アレルギー、アレルギー性気管支喘息、炎症等である。本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、抗アレルギー活性、抗炎症活性あるいは抗ヒスタミン活性を有する医薬品、飲食品又は化粧品等として、そのままであるいはこれらの製品に添加して使用できる。
【0007】
医薬品: 本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、パイナップル抽出物又はパイナップル搾汁粕抽出物をそのまま、若しくはこれを公知の医薬用担体と共に製剤化することにより医薬品として使用できる。本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、例えば、錠剤、顆粒剤、粉剤、シロップ剤等の経口剤や、坐剤、外用剤等の非経口剤として製剤化できる。医薬用担体としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、固形担体(デンプン、乳糖、カルボキシメチルセルロース等)、液体担体(蒸留水、生理食塩水、ブドウ糖水溶液、エタノール、プロピレングリコール等)、油性担体(各種の動植物油、白色ワセリン、パラフィン等)が挙げられる。上記医薬品は、人及び人以外の動物(ペット、家畜)用として使用できる。上記医薬の投与量は、それを使用する患者等の症状、性別、年齢に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
【0008】
飲食品: 本発明の抗アレルギー剤は飲食品に添加することにより、その飲食品に、上記の活性を付与することができ、健康食品、健康志向食品、特定保健用食品、機能性食品等に利用できる。添加されるべき飲食品は特に限定されないが、肉製品、加工野菜、惣菜類、乳製品、菓子、パン、清涼飲料、果実飲料、酒類等が挙げられる。食品に対する本発明の抗アレルギー剤の配合率も特に限定されない。また、本発明の抗アレルギー剤とその他の食品素材を混合して、顆粒状・粉末状・錠剤状あるいはブロック状などに成形し、食品素材や健康食品等としてもよい。その他の食品素材とは、例えば、糖類、食用たんぱく質、アルコール、ビタミン、増粘多糖類、アミノ酸、カルシウム塩類、色素、香料、保存剤等である。
【0009】
化粧品: 本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、化粧品に添加し、その化粧品に抗アレルギー活性、抗炎症活性あるいはヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を付与することができる。化粧品の種類は、特に限定されないが、例えば、化粧水、化粧クリーム、乳液、ファンデーション、口紅、整髪料、ヘアトニック、育毛料、歯磨き、洗口料、シャンプー、リンス等に利用できる。その際の、化粧品原料としては、植物油等の油脂類、ラノリンやミツロウ等のロウ類、炭化水素類、脂肪酸、高級アルコール類、種々の界面活性剤、色素、香料、ビタミン類、植物・動物抽出成分、紫外線吸収剤、抗酸化剤、保存剤等、通常の化粧品原料として使用されているものを適宜配合することができる。
【0010】
次に、本発明の抗アレルギー剤の製造方法について詳述する。
本発明の抗アレルギー剤の製造方法は、抽出原料としてパイナップルを用い、抽出溶媒として親水性有機溶媒を用いることからなる。抽出原料のパイナップルは、パイナップル植物体全体の他、果実、果皮等の任意の部位であってもよい。特に好ましいのは、抗アレルギー活性を有する成分(以下「抗アレルギー活性成分」)を多く含むパイナップル搾汁粕である。この場合、搾汁の対象は、パイナップルの植物体全体の他、果実、果皮等の任意の部位であってもよい。原料パイナップルの品種は特に限定されず、一般に流通している生食用、加工用の品種が使用可能である。原料パイナップルが水分を多く含んでいる場合、作業性を良くするため乾燥した後に使用するのが望ましい。具体的には、例えば、50〜150℃にて1〜24時間乾燥し、水分含量を低減することが好ましい。また、抽出効率を高めるため、原料パイナップルは、細かくすりつぶしてから用いるのが好ましい。手段は特に限定されず、乳鉢による方法、ワーリングブレンダー、ホモジナイザー等の粉砕機器による方法等が挙げられる。原料パイナップルは16メッシュ以下となるように粉砕することが好ましい。
【0011】
抽出に用いる溶剤は、抗アレルギー活性成分を抽出可能なものであれば、使用できるが、その中でも親水性有機溶媒を主として含有する溶媒、即ち、親水性有機溶媒、親水性有機溶媒と水の混合溶媒又は親水性有機溶媒と他の有機溶媒の混合溶媒(3種類以上を混合しても良い)が好ましい。親水性有機溶媒の具体例としては、例えば、エタノール、メタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、アセトニトリル、アセトン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、酢酸エチル、ジエチルエーテル、クロロホルム等が挙げられる。作業性や安全性等の面からは、エタノールが特に、好ましい。エタノールに水を混合させて利用する場合は、有効成分の抽出効率の点からエタノールの濃度が50%(v/v)以上であることが特に好ましい。抽出に際しての原料パイナップルと溶媒との混合率は特に限定されず、原料パイナップル1に対して溶剤1〜50重量倍、特に抽出操作、効率の点で5〜30重量倍であることが好ましい。抽出温度は5℃〜室温・常圧下での溶剤の沸点の範囲とするのが便利であり、加熱・還流してもよい。抽出時間は、加熱温度等の条件にもよるが、1分以上であれば可能である。しかし、一般的な設備を前提とすれば、好ましくは10分〜1ヶ月行う。
【0012】
なお、有機溶媒を含む溶剤での抽出の前に、原料パイナップルを水や熱水で洗浄することにより、水に可溶の夾雑物を除くことができる。この場合、水洗浄後の粕を回収し、それを溶剤抽出に供する。抽出工程により、抗アレルギー活性成分が溶剤中に溶出する。有機溶媒、特にエタノール、アセトン、酢酸エチルを含む溶剤により抗アレルギー活性成分が効率的に抽出されることから、該成分は、パイナップルの上記溶剤可溶成分中に特に多く存在していると考えられる。抽出効率向上のため、抽出工程は複数回繰り返すことが好ましい。抽出後は吸引濾過等を行ってパイナップル抽出物を含む溶剤を回収する。以上により溶液状のパイナップル抽出物が得られる。なお、必要により、得られた画分を合成吸着剤やイオン交換樹脂等によって更に精製してもよい。
【0013】
得られたパイナップル抽出物は、溶剤を含んだ状態のものやその濃縮物、抽出物から溶剤を除去した乾燥物等、いかなる状態でも、抗アレルギー剤として使用できる。ただし、保存性、有機溶媒の安全性の点で、パイナップル抽出物は乾燥物の状態にするのが好ましい。
溶剤抽出や樹脂による精製操作の各段階で得られる画分の抗アレルギー活性は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を指標として測定すればよい。測定法を実験例2に記載した。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するため、以下に実施例を挙げて説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0015】
実験例1(パイナップル抽出物の調製)
(1)パイナップル果肉60gをミキサーにて粉砕し、果汁を除去して得たパイナップル粕を、60mlの水で2回洗浄した。次いで、洗浄粕を凍結乾燥後粉砕し、得られた乾燥パイナップル粕0.92gに対し13.7mlのエタノールを加え、室温で20時間抽出することを2回繰り返した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮乾燥し、パイナップル抽出物199.1mgを得た(パイナップル抽出物1)。
(2)上記(1)と同様にして得られた洗浄粕の凍結乾燥粉砕物0.92gに対し27.5mlの水を加え、60℃で加熱・還流しながら水洗浄を行ない、夾雑物を洗浄除去した。次いで、洗浄粕を回収し、27.5mlのエタノールを加え、室温で20時間抽出した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、パイナップル抽出物21.1mgを得た(パイナップル抽出物2)。
(3)パイナップルジュース粕12gに水60mlを加えてミキサーにて粉砕し、水層を除去して得たパイナップル粕を、60mlの水で1回洗浄した。次いで、洗浄粕を凍結乾燥後粉砕し、得られた乾燥パイナップル粕1.16gに対し17.3mlのエタノールを加え、室温で20時間抽出することを2回繰り返した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮乾燥し、パイナップル抽出物45.1mgを得た(パイナップル抽出物3)。
【0016】
(4)上記(3)と同様にして得られた洗浄粕の凍結乾燥粉砕物1.16gに対し35mlの水を加え、60℃で加熱・還流しながら水洗浄を行ない、夾雑物を除去した。次いで、洗浄粕を回収し、35mlのエタノールを加え、室温で20時間抽出した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、パイナップル抽出物17.4mgを得た(パイナップル抽出物4)。
(5)パイナップル果皮30gに水60mlを加えてミキサーにて粉砕し、水層を除去して得たパイナップル粕を、60mlの水で1回洗浄した。次いで、洗浄粕を凍結乾燥後粉砕し、得られた乾燥パイナップル粕1.81gに対し18.2mlのエタノールを加え、室温で20時間抽出することを2回繰り返した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮乾燥し、パイナップル抽出物99.4mgを得た(パイナップル抽出物5)。
(6)上記(3)と同様にして得られた洗浄粕の凍結乾燥粉砕物1.81gに対し27mlの水を加え60℃で加熱・還流しながら水洗浄を行ない、夾雑物を除去した。次いで、洗浄粕を回収し、27mlのエタノールを加え、室温で20時間抽出した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、パイナップル抽出物50mgを得た(パイナップル抽出物6)。
【0017】
実験例2(抗アレルギー活性の測定)
実験例1で得られたパイナップル抽出物1〜6について、抗アレルギー活性を確認するため、ラット肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離抑制活性の測定を、以下の方法により行い、その測定結果を表1に示した。表1の結果から明らかなように、パイナップル抽出物はヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を示した。
測定法: ラットを放血致死後直ちに腹腔よりヘパリン含有肥満細胞用緩衝液(組成:0.150 M NaCl、3.7 mM KCl、3.0 mM Na2HPO4、3.5 mM KH2PO4、0.9 mM CaCl2、5.6 mM D-glucose、0.1% (w/v) gelatin、pH6.8)を用いて細胞を採取した(大内和雄 編集:生物薬科学実験講座12 炎症とアレルギーII、廣川書店、1993、p.372)。細胞を洗浄後、トルイジンブルーで染色される細胞が2.0×105個/ml となるよう上記肥満細胞用緩衝液を加え、細胞浮遊液とした。一方、実験例1で得た各パイナップル抽出物を、1%ジメチルスルホキシドに溶解し、0.3 〜10mg/mlの濃度の試料溶液とした。
【0018】
次に、試料溶液20μlに細胞溶液80μlを加えて37℃10分間インキュベートした。次いで、ヒスタミンの脱顆粒誘発剤としてコンパウンド48/80(5μg/ml)を20μl 加え、10分インキュベートした(このときパイナップル抽出物の終濃度は0.05〜1.67mg/ml)。その後いったん氷冷して遠心分離(4,500×g、5分、4回)し、上清中に遊離されたヒスタミンを、重炭酸塩存在下4-N,N-dimethylamino-azobenzene-4'-isothiocyanateにより色素標識後、高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した(Kinoshita, E. and Saito, M の方法; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 62(8), 1488-1491, 1998)。
ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性は、測定されたヒスタミン値から下記の計算式(A)を用いて算出した。
ヒスタミン遊離抑制率(%)=(1−(S −B)/(C −B))×100 ・・・(A)
B:誘発剤を加えない対照の細胞から遊離されるヒスタミン量
C:誘発剤を加えたときに細胞から遊離されるヒスタミン量
S:被験試料を共存させて誘発剤を加えたときに細胞から遊離されるヒスタミン量
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0004076119
【0020】
実験例3(抽出溶媒の検討1)
パイナップルジュース粕100gに水600mlを加えてミキサーにて粉砕し、水層を除去して得たパイナップル粕に、600mlの水を加え、60℃で加熱・還流しながら水洗浄を行ない、夾雑物を除去した。次いで、洗浄粕を凍結乾燥後粉砕し、粉砕物1gに溶剤としてヘキサン、酢酸エチル、アセトン、75%アセトン、エタノール、75%エタノールを各々30ml加え、室温で20時間抽出することを2回繰り返した。また、粉砕物1gに水30mlを加え、沸騰水浴上2時間にて抽出した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮乾燥し、パイナップル抽出物を得た。これらの抽出物について、実験例2の方法によりヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を測定した。抽出物の重量を表2、測定結果を表3に示した。これらの結果から、抽出溶媒としては、抗アレルギー活性の点からは、酢酸エチル、アセトン、75%アセトン、エタノール、75%エタノールなどの親水性有機溶媒含有溶媒が望ましく、抽出物収量や、安全性も加味すれば、エタノールや75%エタノールが特に優れていることがことが判った。
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0004076119
【0022】
【表3】
Figure 0004076119
【0023】
実験例4(抽出溶媒の検討2)
パイナップルジュース粕50gに水250mlを加え、60℃で加熱・還流しながら水洗浄を行ない、夾雑物を除去した。次いで、洗浄粕を回収し、5gずつに分け、溶剤として10%〜90%エタノール、及びエタノールを各々30ml加え、室温で20時間抽出した。得られた抽出液を濾過した後に、濾液を減圧下で濃縮乾燥し、パイナップル抽出物を得た。これらの抽出物について、実験例2の方法によりヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を測定した。抽出物の重量を表4、測定結果を表5に示した。これらの結果から、抽出溶媒として、50〜100%エタノールが、抗アレルギー活性が強く且つ抽出物収量も良好で、特に好ましいことが判った。
【0024】
【表4】
Figure 0004076119
【0025】
【表5】
Figure 0004076119
【0026】
実験例5:毒性試験
実験例1で得たパイナップル抽出物について、引用文献(大内和雄 編集:生物薬科学実験講座12 炎症とアレルギーII、廣川書店、1993、p.372)に記載の方法で細胞毒性試験を行った。即ち、まず、実験例2(1)と同様に調製した細胞浮遊液(全細胞数3〜6×106個/ml)80μlに、試料溶液20μlを加え、37℃で培養した。培養開始から、0,10,20分後に各10μlずつ取り出し、予め用意しておいた20μlの0.4%トリパンブルー液に加えた。青色色素で染まる細胞を死細胞と判定し、血球計算盤を用いて、顕微鏡下で細胞数を測定し、各時間における全細胞数及び生存細胞数を測定した。その結果、細胞毒性は見られなかった。
なお、パイナップル果実の場合は、言うまでも無く食品として認められているものであって、毒性、特に急性毒性を示す可能性は無く、従って、それから得られるパイナップル果実粕抽出物は、急性毒性の可能性は無いと思われる。
【0027】
実施例1(抗アレルギー剤の製造)
パイナップルジュース粕100kgに水600リットルを加え、摩砕した後、固液分離し、粕を回収した。次いで、この水洗粕に水600リットルを加え、60℃で2時間加熱還流した後、濾過し、水洗粕を回収した。この水洗粕を60%エタノール600リットルにて、60℃で2時間抽出し、得られた抽出液を減圧濃縮し、濃縮液5リットルを得た。
これを凍結乾燥し、パイナップル粕抽出物(粉末)440gを得た。本抽出物を実施例2の方法によりヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を測定したところ、濃度500μg/mlにおいて抑制率72.1%であり、本抽出物が抗アレルギー剤として利用できることが確認された。
【0028】
実施例2(医薬品への使用)
実施例1で得られたパイナップル抽出物100gに、乳糖100g及びステアリン酸マグネシウム5gを加え混合し、この混合物を、常法により、単発式打錠機にて打錠し、直径10mm、重量300mgの錠剤タイプの医薬品を190gを製造した。
【0029】
実施例3(食品への使用)
実施例1で得られたパイナップル抽出物(2.4g)に砂糖(470g)、水飴(497.6g)、香料(10g)、水(20g)を加え、混合し、常法により、キャンデー(一粒5g)を950g製造した。
実施例4(飲料への使用)
実施例1で得られたパイナップル抽出物(10g)に濃縮温州みかん果汁(50g)、果糖ブドウ糖液糖(110g)、クエン酸(2g)、L−アスコルビン酸(0.2g)、水を加え、常法により処理し、オレンジジュースを1000g製造した。
【0030】
実施例5(化粧品への使用)
実施例1で得られたパイナップル抽出物(0.5g)にグリセリン(5.0g)、プロピレングリコール(4.0g)、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステル(2.0g)、エタノール(10.0g)、香料(0.1g)、精製水を加え、常法により処理し、化粧水を100g製造した。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明の新規抗アレルギー剤は、優れた抗アレルギー活性を示し、各種アレルギー疾患の予防剤・治療剤、抗炎症剤あるいはヒスタミン遊離抑制剤として利用できる。また、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、食糧原料に由来し、安全性が高く、医薬品のみならず、飲食品、化粧品にも利用できる。又、本発明の製造方法は、該新規抗アレルギー剤を製造するための具体的方法を提供するものである。なお、原料のパイナップル粕は、パイナップルの加工工場で大量に発生する未利用の副産物であって、安価な原料であり経済性に優れ、又、製造の際、環境にも優しい。以上を要するに、本発明により、安全且つ有効で特長有る新規の抗アレルギー剤を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antiallergic agent containing a pineapple extract as an active substance and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, the number of patients with allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, hay fever and atopic dermatitis has increased and has become a major social problem. The number of people who have allergies is now only 1 in 5 and is said to be a national illness. The mechanism of the development of allergic diseases is believed to be that when IgE antibodies bound to mast cells bind to allergens (antigens), chemical mediators such as histamine are released, causing allergic symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and itchy eyes. . For this reason, the component which has histamine release inhibitory activity from a mast cell can anticipate the effect as an antiallergic agent. In the medical field, there is a strong demand for the development of antiallergic agents useful for the prevention and treatment of various allergic diseases. Conventionally known antiallergic agents include chemical synthetic products such as sodium cromoglycate, ketotifen fumarate, suplatast tosylate, mugwort extract, strawberry tea extract (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-192114), and the like. There are no known antiallergic agents made from pineapple. Each of the above existing antiallergic agents has advantages and disadvantages, such as safety problems including side effects and insufficient effectiveness, and is not necessarily an ideal antiallergic agent. Research and development of antiallergic agents are continuing in various areas.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a safe and effective new antiallergic agent using food resources as a raw material and a method for producing the same.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have eagerly searched for antiallergic substances using histamine release inhibitory activity from mast cells as an index and using food resources as raw materials. As a result, it is confirmed that the pineapple contains an antiallergic active ingredient and that the fraction having antiallergic activity is contained in a large amount in the pineapple juice cake, and that the active ingredient can be efficiently extracted with a hydrophilic organic solvent. As a result, the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention provides an antiallergic agent characterized by containing a pineapple extract as an active substance, and pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks, and cosmetics containing the antiallergic agent. Moreover, the manufacturing method consists of using a pineapple as a raw material, Most preferably, a pineapple squeeze cake, and using a hydrophilic organic solvent as an extraction solvent, Most preferably, 50-100% ethanol.
The term “hydrophilic organic solvent” used in the present application is defined as follows. “A hydrophilic organic solvent is defined as an organic solvent having a solubility in water of 5% or more at 20 ° C.”
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below.
First, the antiallergic agent of the present invention and pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks, and cosmetics containing the antiallergic agent will be described.
[0006]
Antiallergic agent: The antiallergic agent of the present invention is characterized by containing a pineapple extract as an active substance. As a pineapple extract, in particular, a pineapple juice extract is highly effective and desirable. In this case, as the pineapple squeezed rice cake, those obtained by squeezing an arbitrary part such as a fruit and a skin in addition to the whole pineapple plant. The pineapple extract can be used as an antiallergic agent as it is, but is preferably formed into a granular shape, a powder shape, a tablet shape or a block shape. In this case, in addition to the pineapple extract, for example, a solid carrier, a liquid carrier, an oily carrier, an antiseptic / bactericidal agent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, a coloring agent, and the like may be blended with the antiallergic agent. In addition, in addition to a pineapple extract, the other pineapple component, for example, fruit juice etc., may be contained in this antiallergic agent, and a pineapple juice per se can also be used. The antiallergic agent of the present invention uses a pineapple extract or a pineapple juice extract as an active substance. As shown in the Examples, the antiallergic agent of the present invention exhibits histamine release inhibitory activity from mast cells. Therefore, the antiallergic agent of the present invention is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for various allergic diseases, an anti-inflammatory agent, or a histamine release inhibitor. Allergic diseases include, for example, allergic rhinitis caused by pollen, ticks and house dust, allergic dermatitis, food allergies to specific foods such as milk and eggs, allergic bronchial asthma, inflammation, etc. is there. The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be used as it is or added to these products as pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks or cosmetics having antiallergic activity, antiinflammatory activity or antihistamine activity.
[0007]
Pharmaceutical: The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical by preparing the pineapple extract or pineapple juice extract as it is or by formulating it with a known pharmaceutical carrier. The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be formulated as, for example, oral preparations such as tablets, granules, powders, syrups, and parenteral preparations such as suppositories and external preparations. The pharmaceutical carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include solid carriers (starch, lactose, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), liquid carriers (distilled water, physiological saline, aqueous glucose solution, ethanol, propylene glycol, etc.), oily carriers (various types). Animal and vegetable oils, white petrolatum, paraffin, etc.). The above pharmaceutical products can be used for humans and animals other than humans (pets, livestock). What is necessary is just to set the dosage of the said medicine suitably according to the symptom, sex, and age of the patient etc. who use it.
[0008]
Food / beverage products: The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be added to food / beverage products to give the food / beverage products the above-mentioned activity, and can be applied to health foods, health-oriented foods, foods for specified health use, functional foods, etc. Available. The food or drink to be added is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include meat products, processed vegetables, side dishes, dairy products, confectionery, bread, soft drinks, fruit drinks, and alcoholic beverages. The mixing ratio of the antiallergic agent of the present invention to food is not particularly limited. Further, the antiallergic agent of the present invention and other food materials may be mixed and formed into granules, powders, tablets, blocks, or the like to be used as food materials or health foods. Examples of other food materials include saccharides, edible proteins, alcohols, vitamins, thickening polysaccharides, amino acids, calcium salts, pigments, fragrances, preservatives, and the like.
[0009]
Cosmetics: The antiallergic agent of the present invention can be added to cosmetics to impart antiallergic activity, antiinflammatory activity, or histamine release inhibiting activity to the cosmetics. The type of cosmetic is not particularly limited, and can be used for, for example, lotion, cosmetic cream, emulsion, foundation, lipstick, hair styling, hair tonic, hair restorer, toothpaste, mouthwash, shampoo, rinse, and the like. Cosmetic raw materials in this case include oils and fats such as vegetable oils, waxes such as lanolin and beeswax, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, higher alcohols, various surfactants, pigments, fragrances, vitamins, plant and animal extracts Components, UV absorbers, antioxidants, preservatives and the like that are used as usual cosmetic raw materials can be appropriately blended.
[0010]
Next, the manufacturing method of the antiallergic agent of this invention is explained in full detail.
The method for producing an antiallergic agent of the present invention comprises using pineapple as an extraction raw material and using a hydrophilic organic solvent as an extraction solvent. The extraction raw material pineapple may be an arbitrary part such as a fruit or a fruit skin in addition to the whole pineapple plant. Particularly preferred is a pineapple pomace containing a large amount of an antiallergic activity component (hereinafter referred to as “antiallergic activity component”). In this case, the target of squeeze may be an arbitrary part such as a fruit or a fruit skin in addition to the whole pineapple plant. The varieties of raw material pineapple are not particularly limited, and generally available varieties for raw food and processing can be used. When the raw material pineapple contains a lot of moisture, it is desirable to use it after drying in order to improve workability. Specifically, for example, it is preferable to dry at 50 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours to reduce the water content. In order to increase the extraction efficiency, the raw material pineapple is preferably used after being finely ground. The means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a mortar, a method using a grinding machine such as a Waring blender and a homogenizer. It is preferable to grind | pulverize raw material pineapple so that it may become 16 mesh or less.
[0011]
Any solvent can be used as long as it can extract anti-allergic active ingredients. Among them, a solvent mainly containing a hydrophilic organic solvent, that is, a hydrophilic organic solvent, a mixture of a hydrophilic organic solvent and water. A solvent or a mixed solvent of a hydrophilic organic solvent and another organic solvent (3 or more types may be mixed) is preferable. Specific examples of the hydrophilic organic solvent include ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, chloroform and the like. Ethanol is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of workability and safety. When water is mixed with ethanol, the ethanol concentration is particularly preferably 50% (v / v) or more from the viewpoint of the extraction efficiency of the active ingredient. The mixing ratio of the raw material pineapple and the solvent at the time of extraction is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 50 times by weight of the solvent with respect to the raw material pineapple 1, particularly 5 to 30 times by weight in terms of extraction operation and efficiency. The extraction temperature is conveniently in the range of 5 ° C. to room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent under normal pressure, and may be heated and refluxed. Although the extraction time depends on conditions such as the heating temperature, it can be 1 minute or longer. However, if general equipment is assumed, it is preferably performed for 10 minutes to 1 month.
[0012]
In addition, before extraction with a solvent containing an organic solvent, contaminants soluble in water can be removed by washing the raw pineapple with water or hot water. In this case, the soot after washing with water is collected and used for solvent extraction. By the extraction process, the antiallergic active ingredient is eluted in the solvent. Since the antiallergic active component is efficiently extracted by an organic solvent, particularly a solvent containing ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate, it is considered that the component is particularly present in the solvent-soluble component of pineapple. . In order to improve the extraction efficiency, the extraction process is preferably repeated a plurality of times. After extraction, suction filtration or the like is performed to recover the solvent containing the pineapple extract. Thus, a solution-like pineapple extract is obtained. If necessary, the obtained fraction may be further purified with a synthetic adsorbent or an ion exchange resin.
[0013]
The obtained pineapple extract can be used as an antiallergic agent in any state including a solvent-containing state, a concentrate thereof, and a dried product obtained by removing the solvent from the extract. However, it is preferable that the pineapple extract is in a dry state in terms of storage stability and safety of the organic solvent.
The antiallergic activity of the fraction obtained at each stage of solvent extraction or resin purification operation may be measured using histamine release inhibitory activity from mast cells as an index. The measurement method is described in Experimental Example 2.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0015]
Experimental Example 1 (Preparation of pineapple extract)
(1) 60 g of pineapple pulp was pulverized with a mixer, and the pineapple cake obtained by removing the fruit juice was washed twice with 60 ml of water. Next, the washing cake was freeze-dried and then pulverized, and 13.7 ml of ethanol was added to 0.92 g of the obtained dried pineapple cake and extracted at room temperature for 20 hours twice. After the obtained extract was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 199.1 mg of pineapple extract (pineapple extract 1).
(2) Add 27.5 ml of water to 0.92 g of the freeze-dried pulverized product obtained in the same manner as in (1) above, wash with water while heating and refluxing at 60 ° C., and remove impurities. Washed off. Subsequently, the washing cake was collected, 27.5 ml of ethanol was added, and the mixture was extracted at room temperature for 20 hours. After the obtained extract was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 21.1 mg of pineapple extract (pineapple extract 2).
(3) 60 ml of water was added to 12 g of pineapple juice cake and ground with a mixer, and the pineapple cake obtained by removing the aqueous layer was washed once with 60 ml of water. Next, the washing cake was freeze-dried and then pulverized, and 17.3 ml of ethanol was added to 1.16 g of the obtained dried pineapple cake and extracted at room temperature for 20 hours twice. After filtering the obtained extract, the filtrate was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 45.1 mg of pineapple extract (pineapple extract 3).
[0016]
(4) 35 ml of water was added to 1.16 g of the freeze-dried pulverized washing cake obtained in the same manner as in (3) above, followed by washing with water while heating and refluxing at 60 ° C. to remove impurities. . Subsequently, the washing cake was collected, 35 ml of ethanol was added, and the mixture was extracted at room temperature for 20 hours. The obtained extract was filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 17.4 mg of pineapple extract (pineapple extract 4).
(5) 60 ml of water was added to 30 g of pineapple peel and pulverized with a mixer, and the pineapple cake obtained by removing the aqueous layer was washed once with 60 ml of water. Next, the washing cake was freeze-dried and then pulverized, and 18.2 ml of ethanol was added to 1.81 g of the obtained dried pineapple cake and extracted at room temperature for 20 hours twice. After the obtained extract was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 99.4 mg of pineapple extract (pineapple extract 5).
(6) 27 ml of water was added to 1.81 g of the freeze-dried pulverized product of the washing cake obtained in the same manner as in (3) above, followed by washing with water while heating and refluxing at 60 ° C. to remove impurities. Subsequently, the washing cake was collected, 27 ml of ethanol was added, and the mixture was extracted at room temperature for 20 hours. After the obtained extract was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 50 mg of pineapple extract (pineapple extract 6).
[0017]
Experimental Example 2 (Measurement of antiallergic activity)
In order to confirm the antiallergic activity of pineapple extracts 1 to 6 obtained in Experimental Example 1, histamine release inhibitory activity from rat mast cells was measured by the following method, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1. It was. As is apparent from the results in Table 1, the pineapple extract showed histamine release inhibitory activity.
Measurement method: Buffer for mast cells containing heparin from the abdominal cavity immediately after lethality of rats (composition: 0.150 M NaCl, 3.7 mM KCl, 3.0 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 3.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 0.9 mM CaCl 2 , 5.6 mM) Cells were collected using D-glucose, 0.1% (w / v) gelatin, pH 6.8) (Kazuo Ouchi, edited by Biopharmaceutical Experiments Course 12 Inflammation and Allergy II, Yodogawa Shoten, 1993, p.372) . After washing the cells, the above mast cell buffer was added so that the cells stained with toluidine blue would be 2.0 × 10 5 cells / ml to obtain a cell suspension. On the other hand, each pineapple extract obtained in Experimental Example 1 was dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a sample solution having a concentration of 0.3 to 10 mg / ml.
[0018]
Next, 80 μl of the cell solution was added to 20 μl of the sample solution and incubated at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. Next, 20 μl of compound 48/80 (5 μg / ml) was added as a histamine degranulation inducer, and incubated for 10 minutes (the final concentration of the pineapple extract was 0.05 to 1.67 mg / ml). Then, once ice-cooled and centrifuged (4,500 xg, 5 minutes, 4 times), the histamine released in the supernatant was converted into 4-N, N-dimethylamino-azobenzene-4 'in the presence of bicarbonate. After labeling with -isothiocyanate, measurement was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (Kinoshita, E. and Saito, M method; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 62 (8), 1488-1491, 1998).
The histamine release inhibitory activity was calculated from the measured histamine value using the following formula (A).
Histamine release inhibition rate (%) = (1− (S−B) / (C−B)) × 100 (A)
B: Amount of histamine released from control cells without added inducer
C: The amount of histamine released from cells when an inducer is added
S: Amount of histamine released from cells when an inducer is added in the presence of a test sample.
[Table 1]
Figure 0004076119
[0020]
Experimental Example 3 (Examination of extraction solvent 1)
Add 600 ml of water to 100 g of pineapple juice cake, grind it with a mixer, add 600 ml of water to the pineapple cake obtained by removing the aqueous layer, wash with water while heating and refluxing at 60 ° C, and remove impurities. Removed. Next, the washing cake was freeze-dried and then pulverized, and 30 ml each of hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, 75% acetone, ethanol, and 75% ethanol as solvents were added to 1 g of the pulverized product, and extraction was performed twice at room temperature for 20 hours. . Further, 30 ml of water was added to 1 g of the pulverized product, and extracted in a boiling water bath for 2 hours. After the obtained extract was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a pineapple extract. About these extracts, the histamine release inhibitory activity was measured by the method of Experimental Example 2. The weight of the extract is shown in Table 2, and the measurement results are shown in Table 3. From these results, from the viewpoint of antiallergic activity, the extraction solvent is preferably a solvent containing a hydrophilic organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, acetone, 75% acetone, ethanol, 75% ethanol, extract yield and safety. In addition, it was found that ethanol and 75% ethanol are particularly excellent.
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004076119
[0022]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004076119
[0023]
Experimental Example 4 (Examination of extraction solvent 2)
250 ml of water was added to 50 g of pineapple juice and washed with water while heating and refluxing at 60 ° C. to remove impurities. Next, the washing cake was collected, divided into 5 g portions, 10 ml to 90% ethanol and 30 ml of ethanol were added as solvents, and the mixture was extracted at room temperature for 20 hours. After the obtained extract was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a pineapple extract. About these extracts, the histamine release inhibitory activity was measured by the method of Experimental Example 2. The weight of the extract is shown in Table 4, and the measurement results are shown in Table 5. From these results, it was found that 50 to 100% ethanol was particularly preferable as the extraction solvent because of its strong antiallergic activity and good extract yield.
[0024]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004076119
[0025]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004076119
[0026]
Experimental Example 5: Toxicity test The pineapple extract obtained in Experimental Example 1 was subjected to the method described in the cited reference (Kazuo Ouchi, edited by Biopharmaceutical Science Laboratory 12 Inflammation and Allergy II, Yodogawa Shoten, 1993, p.372). Cytotoxicity tests were performed. That is, first, 20 μl of a sample solution was added to 80 μl of a cell suspension prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 (1) (total number of cells: 3-6 × 10 6 cells / ml), and cultured at 37 ° C. 10 μl each was taken out at 0, 10, and 20 minutes after the start of the culture and added to 20 μl of 0.4% trypan blue solution prepared in advance. Cells stained with the blue dye were determined to be dead cells, the number of cells was measured under a microscope using a hemocytometer, and the total number of cells and the number of viable cells at each time were measured. As a result, no cytotoxicity was observed.
Needless to say, in the case of pineapple fruit, it is recognized as a food, and there is no possibility of showing toxicity, particularly acute toxicity. Therefore, the pineapple fruit koji extract obtained from the pineapple fruit has acute toxicity. There seems to be no possibility.
[0027]
Example 1 (Production of antiallergic agent)
After adding 600 liters of water to 100 kg of pineapple juice cake and grinding, solid-liquid separation was performed to collect the cake. Next, 600 liters of water was added to the water washing and refluxed at 60 ° C. for 2 hours, followed by filtration to recover the water washing. This washed water was extracted with 600 liters of 60% ethanol at 60 ° C. for 2 hours, and the resulting extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 5 liters of a concentrated solution.
This was freeze-dried to obtain 440 g of pineapple koji extract (powder). When this extract was measured for histamine release inhibitory activity by the method of Example 2, the inhibition rate was 72.1% at a concentration of 500 μg / ml, confirming that this extract can be used as an antiallergic agent.
[0028]
Example 2 (use in medicine)
100 g of lactose and 5 g of magnesium stearate were added to and mixed with 100 g of the pineapple extract obtained in Example 1, and this mixture was tableted with a single-punch tableting machine by a conventional method, having a diameter of 10 mm and a weight of 300 mg. 190 g of tablet-type pharmaceuticals were produced.
[0029]
Example 3 (use for food)
Sugar (470 g), starch syrup (497.6 g), flavor (10 g) and water (20 g) are added to the pineapple extract (2.4 g) obtained in Example 1 and mixed. 950 g of granules 5 g) were produced.
Example 4 (use for beverages)
To the pineapple extract (10 g) obtained in Example 1, concentrated Unshu mandarin orange juice (50 g), fructose-glucose liquid sugar (110 g), citric acid (2 g), L-ascorbic acid (0.2 g), and water were added. It processed by the conventional method and 1000g of orange juice was manufactured.
[0030]
Example 5 (use in cosmetics)
To the pineapple extract (0.5 g) obtained in Example 1, glycerin (5.0 g), propylene glycol (4.0 g), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (2.0 g), ethanol (10.0 g) , Fragrance (0.1 g) and purified water were added and treated in a conventional manner to produce 100 g of lotion.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The novel antiallergic agent of the present invention exhibits excellent antiallergic activity and can be used as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for various allergic diseases, an anti-inflammatory agent, or a histamine release inhibitor. Moreover, the antiallergic agent of the present invention is derived from food raw materials, has high safety, and can be used not only for pharmaceuticals but also for foods and drinks and cosmetics. The production method of the present invention provides a specific method for producing the novel antiallergic agent. The raw material pineapple meal is an unused by-product generated in a large amount in a pineapple processing factory, is an inexpensive raw material, is economical, and is friendly to the environment during production. In short, the present invention can provide a novel antiallergic agent that is safe, effective, and characteristic.

Claims (2)

親水性有機溶媒を用いて得られるパイナップル抽出物を有効物質として含有することを特徴とする抗アレルギー剤。An antiallergic agent comprising a pineapple extract obtained by using a hydrophilic organic solvent as an active substance. パイナップル抽出物が、パイナップル搾汁粕より得られる抽出物である請求項1記載の抗アレルギー剤。The antiallergic agent according to claim 1, wherein the pineapple extract is an extract obtained from pineapple juice cake.
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