JP4070215B2 - Flying object - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a flying object, and more particularly to a flying object that satisfies the conflicting performance requirements of aerodynamic stability and low aerodynamic resistance.

In general, a flying object can reduce air resistance by increasing the ratio between the total length of the aircraft and the aircraft diameter (Fineness Ratio), that is, by making the aircraft elongated and sharpening the tip shape. However, if the aircraft is elongated, the center of wind pressure moves to the front of the aircraft, leading to aerodynamic instability. This is because if the wind pressure center is located in front of the center of gravity of the aircraft, the lift acts so as to amplify the attitude change of the aircraft, and thus it is impossible to fly stably. The cause is that the lift of the flying object is generated mainly at the leading cone (nose cone).
By the way, as means for improving aerodynamic stability, it is widely known to equip the rear part of the flying body with a stabilizing wing and lower the aerodynamic center backward (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, such stable wing equipment has disadvantages such as increased air resistance and reduced mountability, and there are also flying objects that are difficult to mount the stable wing. As another means, means utilizing spin stability is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, in many cases, it is not desirable in terms of operation to spin a flying object, and it has not been used much in recent years. In addition to the above, as a prior art for improving aerodynamic stability, there is a method of replacing a long and narrow spike with a nose cone, and there is an example in practical use. Since the spike generates little lift, it is effective in that the center of wind pressure can be lowered to the rear of the fuselage, but there is a major drawback in that the air resistance increases due to the separation shock wave generated around the spike.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-101999 Special table 2001-516008 gazette

In this way, the spike and nose cone are in a trade-off relationship, and if the tip shape is spiked so that lift does not occur at the tip of the fuselage, the air resistance increases, on the other hand, the tip decreases to reduce the air resistance. If the shape is a nose cone, there is a problem that lift is generated at the tip of the aircraft and it becomes unstable aerodynamically.
Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and provides a flying object that satisfies both conflicting performance requirements of improving aerodynamic stability and reducing air resistance. There is to do.

According to a first aspect of the invention for achieving the above object, a plurality of flat plates are mounted on a shaft in a concentric form while being discretely enlarged, and a cavity is formed between the flat plates. By attaching to the front end of the aircraft body, the aerodynamic stability of the flying object and the reduction of air resistance are both achieved.
In the flying body according to the first aspect of the present invention, by configuring the plurality of flat plates in this way, an air circulation flow is formed in a cavity formed by two adjacent flat plates, and the air flow is stabilized by the circulation flow and the air flow. A shear layer is formed, which becomes a compression surface and acts on the air flow as if it were a solid wall surface. As a result, the air flow in the vicinity of the shear layer flows stably rearward, and the air resistance is suitably reduced. By the way, since a long-axis object does not generate lift, aerodynamic stability is originally high. In the present invention, a structure in which a plurality of discs are discretely arranged and cavities are formed between the discs is attached to the front end of the machine body, which is a long-axis object. Although there was concern about the deterioration of aerodynamic stability, as a result of an aerodynamic characteristic test to be described later, the change in aerodynamic stability due to the addition of a disk was very slight and no significant difference was observed. Furthermore, the effect of reducing the air resistance due to the addition of the disk to the long-axis object has been remarkably confirmed, and the above structure makes it possible for the flying object to meet the conflicting performance requirements of improving aerodynamic stability and reducing air resistance. It was confirmed that

In the second invention, when the flat plate has a conical shape with the tip of the structure as a vertex and the front end of the airframe body as a bottom surface, the flat plate is attached and arranged on the shaft so as to contact the conical bus. It was decided that
In the flying body according to the second aspect of the invention, the compression surface by the stable shear layer of each of the cavities is smoothly continuous and forms a compression conical surface similar to the solid wall surface. It flows stably and air resistance is reduced more suitably.

In the third invention, the structure is provided with means for changing the length in the axial direction.
In the flying body of the third invention, the inclination of the shear layer, more precisely, the sharpness of the compression cone surface formed by the shear layer can be changed. As a result, it is possible to actively control the air resistance characteristics during flight.

  According to the flying object of the present invention, the shear layer that is a boundary between the internal circulation flow and the external flow is stably held by the cavity formed between the flat plates disposed on the long-axis object. For this reason, the external flow stably flows backward, and the separation shock wave generated in the conventional spiked flying body is not generated, and as a result, the air resistance is suitably reduced. Also, when there is an angle of attack, air on one side of the aircraft passes through the cavity and flows out to the other side of the aircraft, so the pressure difference between the one surface of the aircraft and the opposite surface of the aircraft is reduced, and little lift is generated. Therefore, the flying object of the present invention can simultaneously satisfy the conflicting performance requirements of improving aerodynamic stability and reducing air resistance.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a flying object 100 according to the present invention.
The flying body 100 includes a body body 10 on which a payload, a fuel tank, a propulsion device, and the like are mounted, and a nose portion 20 as a structure having means for improving aerodynamic stability and reducing air resistance. Has been.

  The nose portion 20 is composed of a plurality of flat plates, for example, three discs of a first disc 1, a second disc 2, and a third disc 3, and a shaft 4, and these discs are discretely and machined A cavity C is formed by two adjacent disks which are attached to the shaft 4 concentrically while expanding in diameter toward the main body 10 side. Although details will be described later with reference to FIG. 3, the nose portion 20 having the cavity C formed in the shaft 4 in this manner does not impair the aerodynamic stability that was the original advantage of the spike, that is, Without moving the center of aerodynamics forward, it is possible to eliminate the drawback of high air resistance, which was the original drawback of spikes, and high aerodynamic stability and reduction of air resistance in tapered projectiles such as rockets. It is possible to achieve both conflicting performances.

  The first disc 1, the second disc 2, and the third disc 3 have a conical shape with the tip 4 a of the shaft 4, which is the tip of the nose portion 20, as the apex and the front end 10 a of the body 10 as the bottom. It is preferable that the similarity is enlarged along the bus. When the flying object 100 flies in the air, a circulation flow is generated in each cavity C, and a stable shear layer is formed between the air flow and the above structure. The shear layer is smoothly continuous and a compression conical surface is formed by the shear layer. It acts on the air flow as if it were a solid conical surface, and the air flow in the vicinity of the air flows stably and flows backward. The resistance is preferably reduced.

  As will be described later with reference to FIG. 2, the nose portion 20 includes an axial length variable mechanism that makes the length in the axial direction variable. As a result, it is possible to change the sharpness of the compression conical surface by the shear layer described above, and as a result, it is possible to actively control the air resistance characteristics during flight.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the shaft length variable mechanism of the shaft 4.
The shaft 4 includes, for example, a first rod 41, a second rod 42, a third rod 43, and a fourth rod 44. The outer diameter of the first rod 41 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second rod 42, and the first rod 41 can move slidably on the inner peripheral surface of the second rod 42. The first rod 41 and the second rod 42 are driven by a linear motor or the like (not shown). Alternatively, a male screw is cut on the outer peripheral surface of the first rod 41, while a female screw that engages with the inner peripheral surface of the second rod 42 is cut, and a motor or the like (not shown) is engaged with these female and male screws. ) May be driven in the axial direction. The above applies similarly to the second rod 42 and the third rod 43 or the third rod 43 and the fourth rod 44.

When the shaft 4 is configured as described above, the relative length L ₁ of the first rod 41 with respect to the second rod 42, the relative length L ₂ of the second rod 42 with respect to the third rod 43, the relative length L ₄ of the fourth rod 44 to the third rod 43 relative length L ₃ and the front end portion _10a, will become possible to obtain varied freely, as a result, the overall length of the shaft 4 L and shear layer It is possible to change the sharpness of the compression conical surface due to (half apex angle θ of the compression conical surface). For example, when the flying object 100 flies at supersonic speed, as shown in FIG. 2A, the entire length L of the shaft 4 is increased and the sharpness θ of the shaft 4 is decreased, thereby reducing the air. The resistance is preferably reduced. Further, as shown in (b), it is possible to fly with the sharpness θ of the shaft 4 increased. Alternatively, as shown in (c), when the flying object 100 is stored on the ground, the rods 41, 42, 43, and 44 can be accommodated.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the principle of reducing the air resistance of the flying object 100 according to the present invention.
When the flying object 100 travels in the air at supersonic speed, a circulating flow Fc is formed in each cavity. As a result, in the vicinity of the boundary between the circulating flow Fc and the external flow Fo, a stable shear layer Fs is formed, and a compression conical surface is formed by the shear layer. The compression conical surface by this shear layer acts on the fluid as if it were a solid wall surface. As a result, the external flow Fo stably flows backward. In the conventional flying object with spikes, a separation shock wave is generated due to the shock wave generated at the tip 4a, preventing the flow of the external flow Fo to the rear, and increasing the air resistance. Thus, by providing a plurality of disks on the shaft 4 to form a cavity, a stable shear layer Fs is formed between the circulating flow Fc and the external flow Fo, and the external flow Fo flows stably backward. The air resistance is suitably reduced.

  By the way, when the flying object 100 takes an angle of attack, as shown in FIG. 3B, the external flow Fo passes through the cavity and flows out to the upper part of the aircraft as an overflow Fw. The upper flow Fu has almost no difference in flow velocity. As a result, the pressure difference between the one surface of the airframe and the opposite surface of the airframe is reduced, so that almost no lift is generated and the airflow is stabilized.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the aerodynamic characteristic test of the flying object according to the present invention. FIG. 4A shows the relationship between the Mach number and the resistance coefficient, and FIG. 4B is a graph showing the relationship between the Mach number and the aerodynamic center. The aerodynamic center is the wind pressure center position, and is a non-dimensional value obtained by dividing the distance when measured with respect to the tip of the spike or nose by 142.3 mm as a percentage. is there.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the specimen is a first specimen 110 in which 12 discs are attached to the shaft 4, which is another embodiment of the flying body according to the present invention, and one circle for the spike. A second specimen 200 having only a plate attached thereto, a third specimen 300 having only spikes, and a fourth specimen 400 having a nose cone shape were used.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (a), as the number of disks is increased, the resistance coefficient of each specimen is suitably reduced, and the air resistance is suitably reduced. In particular, the resistance coefficient of the first specimen 110 (circled in FIG. 4) is reduced by 60% or more compared to the third specimen 300 (same square). This is considered to be because the circulation flow formed in the cavity between the disks is further stabilized by increasing the number of disks. In addition, the resistance coefficient of the first specimen 110 (marked with the same symbol) is very small even when compared to the fourth specimen 400 having the smallest resistance coefficient among the specimens (marked with the symbol ●). However, this is not a significant difference. Moreover, as shown in the same figure (b), when a disc is attached to the spike, the aerodynamic center moves backward and aerodynamic stability increases. In addition, when the number of discs is increased, the aerodynamic center moves slightly forward, but it is significant when compared with the second specimen 200 (same symbol) and the third specimen 300 (same symbol). This is not a significant difference. Furthermore, when compared with the fourth specimen 400 having the nose cone shape (marked with the same ●), the aerodynamic center of the first specimen 110 is more than 25% on the average, and the aerodynamic stability is improved. I can say that.

  The above result is that a plurality of disks are discretely and concentrically attached to the shaft while expanding the diameter toward the body body side, and a nose portion having a cavity formed between the disks is formed. It is shown that aerodynamic stability is improved by lowering the center of wind pressure to the rear while providing the aerodynamic resistance characteristic equivalent to the nose cone. It is also shown that when the number of disks is increased, the resistance coefficient is greatly reduced, while the aerodynamic center hardly moves.

  As described above, according to the flying object according to the present invention, it is possible to achieve both contradictory performances of aerodynamic stability and low aerodynamic resistance.

  The flying object of the present invention can be suitably applied to a flying object such as an aircraft or a rocket that flies at high speed in the air and has an overall tapered shape or a partially tapered shape.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the flying body which concerns on this invention. It is a fragmentary sectional view explaining the shaft length variable mechanism of a shaft. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the principle which reduces the air resistance of the flying body which concerns on this invention. It is a graph which shows the result of the aerodynamic characteristic test of the flying body which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the test body of an aerodynamic characteristic test.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st disk 2 2nd disk 3 3rd disk 4 Spike 110 1st specimen 200 2nd specimen 300 3rd specimen 400 4th specimen 100 Flying object

Claims (1)

When the tip of the shaft is the apex and the front end of the fuselage body has a conical shape with the bottom surface, by attaching a plurality of flat plates to the shaft while discretely enlarging them so as to contact the conical bus, A structure in which a cavity is formed in which a circulation flow of air is formed between the flat plates and air on one side of the airframe passes between the flat plates and flows out to the opposite side as an overflow when there is an angle of attack and then, by attaching the structure to the front end of the machine body, the projectile, characterized by having both aerodynamic stability of the projectile and the reduction of air resistance.

Images