JP4065613B2 - Disc defect management method and disc recording / reproducing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a recording / reproducing disk having a sector structure and a disk recording / reproducing apparatus, and more particularly to a defect management method for a disk in which a medium is easily damaged and a recording / reproducing apparatus for the disk.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A typical example of a disk having a sector structure is an optical disk. In recent years, the capacity of optical disks has been increased, and data has been recorded on optical disks at high density. Therefore, it is important to ensure reliability when recording information on an optical disc or reproducing information from an optical disc.
[0003]
FIGS. 1A to 1C show the general physical and logical structure of the disk medium 1.
[0004]
FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of the disk medium 1. A plurality of tracks 2 are concentrically formed on the disk-shaped disk medium 1. Each track 2 is formed with a plurality of sectors 3 finely divided in the radial direction. An absolute address called a physical sector address is added to the head of all these sectors 3. Here, the “first” means the end of the sector 3 in the rotation direction in which the disk medium 1 rotates.
[0005]
FIG. 1B schematically shows a sector management method. Each track is numbered from 0 to T. The sectors included in each track are numbered from 0 to S. By specifying these track number and sector number, access to each sector is realized.
[0006]
FIG. 1C shows the configuration of the area of the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1A). The area of the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1A) is composed of a disk information area 4 and a data recording area 5. The disc information area 4 is arranged on the innermost and outermost sides of the disc medium 1 (FIG. 1A). The disk information area 4 stores parameters and the like necessary for accessing the disk. The data recording area 5 is arranged between the innermost and outermost disk information areas 4. The data recording area 5 stores data such as normal video data and audio data. In data recording / reproduction, data is written in this area after the disc is initialized.
[0007]
In recording / reproducing of an optical disc, the following method is used to ensure reliability. That is, when there is a sector that cannot be recorded / reproduced on the disc, the sector is registered as a defective sector and its use is prohibited. This approach described below is as described in the International Organization for Standardization ISO / IEC10090.
[0008]
When there is a defect in a sector at the time of data recording / reproduction, the sector in which the defect exists is referred to as a primary defect list (hereinafter referred to as “PDL”) and / or a secondary defect list (secondary defect list; hereinafter “ In this case, it is registered as a defective sector in a list called “SDL”. Here, “defect” refers to a case where a sector in a track has a physical scratch or the like. The disc recording / reproducing apparatus can perform recording / reproducing without accessing the defective sector by not using the defective sector registered in the PDL or SDL for the subsequent recording / reproducing. The PDL and SDL are stored in the disk information area 4 in FIG.
[0009]
FIG. 10A shows the configuration of the PDL. The PDL is composed of a PDL identifier indicating that it is a PDL, the number of entries indicating the number of defective sectors registered in the PDL, and n entries (PDE1 to PDN) for storing the addresses of actual defective sectors. Has been.
[0010]
FIG. 10B shows the configuration of PDen. The PDEn stores the address of the defective sector specified by the track number and the sector number. Note that PDE1 to PDE (n-1) are also configured in the same manner as PDen.
[0011]
FIG. 11A shows the configuration of the SDL. Similar to the PDL configuration described above, the SDL stores m SDL identifiers indicating the SDL, the number of entries indicating the number of defective sectors registered in the SDL, and the address of the actual defective sector. Entries (SDE1 to SDEm).
[0012]
FIG. 11B shows the configuration of SDEm. SDEm stores a defective sector address and a sector address that is a substitute for the defective sector address. Both the defective sector address and the alternative sector address are specified by a track number and a sector number. Note that SDE1 to SDE (m−1) are also configured in the same manner as SDEm. Having this alternative sector address information is the difference from PDL.
[0013]
Next, two algorithms that perform processing to avoid defective sectors, namely, a slipping algorithm and a linear replacement algorithm will be described.
[0014]
FIG. 12 shows a defective sector to which the slipping algorithm is applied and its replacement sector. The slipping algorithm is a defect processing algorithm usually performed at the time of disc inspection or formatting.
[0015]
The user area and the spare area of the schematic area 1201 shown in FIG. 12 are configured as a part of the data recording area 5 (FIG. 1C). The user area is an area prepared for actually storing data. Normally, data is stored in this area. The spare area is an area for defective sector processing provided in consideration that there may be a defective sector in which data cannot be stored due to scratches or the like in the user area.
[0016]
In order to access the user area, a logical sector number (Logical Sector Number; hereinafter referred to as “LSN”) is assigned to the disk. A user or an external terminal that controls the disk recording / reproducing apparatus accesses the sector of the disk through the LSN and reads / writes data.
[0017]
A logical area 1202 in FIG. 12 shows a result of performing defective sector processing by the slipping algorithm. In the logical area 1202, it is assumed that a defective sector SD1 in which one sector is defective and a defective sector SD2 in which two sectors are defective exist in the user area. At this time, the LSN is not attached to the defective sectors SD1 and SD2, and three sectors that cannot be used due to the defect are secured using the spare area. As a result, formally, the user area in FIG. 12 protrudes into the spare area, and an area having the same capacity as that which can be used when there is no defect can be secured.
[0018]
Therefore, in the slipping algorithm, it is possible to avoid using the registered address by registering the address of the defective sector in the PDL described above. Furthermore, a necessary recording area can be secured by using a spare area as an alternative area for the defective sector.
[0019]
FIG. 13 shows a defective sector to which the linear replacement algorithm is applied and its alternative sector. The linear replacement algorithm is a defect processing algorithm usually performed at the time of data recording / reproduction.
[0020]
In FIG. 13, it is assumed that defective sectors LD1 and LD2 exist in the user area. The data of the defective sectors LD1 and LD2 are secured in the reserved area selected and designated. In the linear replacement algorithm, LSNs assigned to sectors before and after the defective sector, for example LSN1 and LSN3, refer to sectors before and after the defective sector, but LSN2 assigned a number between LSN1 and LSN3 is It points to an alternate sector in the spare area.
[0021]
Therefore, in the linear replacement algorithm, the defective sector is replaced by registering the defective sector in the SDL described above and accessing the alternative sector instead of the defective sector.
[0022]
The procedure for initializing the disk will be described below.
[0023]
Disk initialization is an operation that is performed at least once before writing data to the disk. In this procedure, first, specific test pattern data is written to all sectors, and then the sector inspection of the disk is performed depending on whether or not the data written from all sectors can be read correctly.
[0024]
As described above, a defective sector that cannot be read by inspection at the time of disc initialization is generally processed as a defective sector by a slipping algorithm that performs PDL registration.
[0025]
FIG. 14 shows a procedure for initializing the disk.
[0026]
When a recording / reproducing apparatus (not shown) starts the disc initialization operation, first, the sector start address among the sectors to be initialized is set as an address initial setting value, and the prepared test data is set as the initial value. Write to the start address. Thereafter, error determination E1 is performed. In error determination E1, it is determined whether or not the sector address can be read normally. This is because it is necessary to read the sector address first when writing data to the sector, and if the reading of the sector address is an error, writing cannot be performed.
[0027]
When it is determined by the error determination E1 that there is an address read error, the sector having the error is set as a defective sector, and the sector address is registered in the first list.
[0028]
Next, the test data is written by incrementing the sector address value by 1, and error determination E1 is performed again. Thereafter, the address of the sector determined as the defective sector is registered in the first list. This operation is repeated until the final sector address is reached. Thereafter, the head sector address value is set again as the address initial setting value, and the data written from the head sector is read.
[0029]
When the data is read, error determination E2 is performed. In error determination E2, it is determined whether or not the read data is correct, that is, whether or not the writing has been successful. If the read data is an error, the sector having the error is set as a defective sector, and the sector address is registered in the second list.
[0030]
Next, the sector address value is incremented by 1, data is read, and error determination E2 is performed again. Thereafter, the address of the sector determined as the defective sector is registered in the second list. This operation is repeated until the final sector address is reached. When the registration to the second list is completed, the first list created earlier and the second list that has been registered are combined into one list. At this time, the defective sector addresses registered in this list are sorted in the order of the sector addresses so that the defective sectors that are duplicated are registered as one, and the PDL described above is created. Then, the PDL is stored in the disc information area 4 (FIG. 1C) of the disc.
[0031]
FIGS. 15A and 15B show the position of the defective sector on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1) and the PDL in which the defective sector is registered.
[0032]
More specifically, FIG. 15A shows that, for example, a disk address (track 0011, sector 02) is a defective sector. FIG. 15B shows an example of PDL in which the address of the defective sector is registered by a track number and a sector number.
[0033]
In the above example, (track 0011, sector 02) is registered as an inaccessible defective sector. In order to secure a recording area corresponding to the capacity of the defective sector where data cannot be recorded, it is assumed that the user area extends to (0100, sector 00) of the spare area (FIGS. 12 and 13) and is managed by the LSN. Can do. At this time, the address (track number and sector number) of the defective sector is recorded in the PDL, and when this sector is accessed, (track 0011, sector 02) can be skipped.
[0034]
Next, the operation during data recording will be described.
[0035]
The operation of recording data is an operation of writing designated data in a designated sector. In an operation of recording data, a defective sector that cannot be written is generally processed as a defective sector by a linear replacement algorithm that performs SDL registration.
[0036]
FIG. 16 shows a procedure for recording on a disc.
[0037]
A general recording / reproducing apparatus sets a head sector address for recording data as an address initial setting value, and writes specified data from the head of the sector in which the address is set. Next, the recording / reproducing apparatus performs a verify process in order to confirm whether or not the writing is successful. The verify process is a process of reading data from the sector in order to confirm whether or not writing has been performed.
[0038]
After the data read operation in the verify process, in error determination E3, it is determined whether the data has been read and whether the read data is the same as the designated data that has been written. If the data cannot be read or has been read but is different from the designated data, it is determined that an error has occurred. If the data is read and the read data is the same as the specified data, it is determined that there is no error. When it is determined that the read data has an error, the sector currently being verified is set as a defective sector, and an alternative sector is assigned based on the SDL. After the designated data is written in the alternative sector, the sector address currently being verified, which is a defective sector, and the alternative sector address are registered in the SDL. If it is determined that there is no error in error determination E3, the sector address is set to the designated address, and data writing, verify processing, and error determination E3 are performed.
[0039]
This operation is repeated, and after reaching the designated last sector address, the process is terminated.
[0040]
FIGS. 17A and 17B show the positions of the defective sector and the alternative sector on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1) and the PDL in which the defective sector and the alternative sector are registered.
[0041]
More specifically, FIG. 17A shows that, for example, the sector of the disk address (track 0012, sector 04) is a defective sector, and the alternative sector is a sector of address (track 0100, sector 00). Show. FIG. 17B shows an example of SDL in which the addresses of the defective sector and the alternative sector are registered by the track number and the sector number.
[0042]
In the above example, (track 0012, sector 04) is registered as an inaccessible defective sector. A spare area (track 0100, sector 00) is assigned as an alternative sector of the defective sector existing at the address (track 0012, sector 04). At this time, the addresses (track number and sector number) of both the defective sector and the alternative sector are recorded in the SDL. As a result, when there is an access to (track 0012, sector 04), it is possible to jump to (track 0100, sector 00) and read data from the sector of (track 0100, sector 00).
[0043]
In the above, two examples using one of PDL and SDL have been shown. However, in actual recording and reproduction, it is common to use both PDL and SDL.
[0044]
When using a disk, the disk initialization called format processing is performed only once at the beginning. The defective sector detected at the time of formatting the disk is registered in the PDL. After the disc initialization, defective sectors detected during data recording on the disc are registered in the SDL.
[0045]
18A to 18C show the positions of the defective sector and its alternative sector on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1) and the PDL and SDL in which the defective sector and the alternative sector are registered.
[0046]
FIG. 18A shows the positions of the defective sector and the alternative sector on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1). In FIG. 18A, the disk addresses (track 0011, sector 01) and (track 0010, sector 05) are defective sectors SD3 and LD3, and the sector at address (track 0100, sector 01) is the defective sector LD3. This indicates an alternative sector.
[0047]
FIG. 18B shows a PDL in which a defective sector is registered.
[0048]
FIG. 18C shows an SDL in which defective sectors and alternative sectors are registered.
[0049]
The procedure until the PDL and SDL shown in FIGS. 18B and 18C are obtained is as follows.
[0050]
First, in the disk initialization operation (FIG. 14), sector SD3 (track 0011, sector 01) is registered in the PDL as a defective sector. A slipping algorithm using PDL is used at this time. LSNs are assigned to sectors in the spare area (track 0100, sector 00), and the sector in the spare area is used as an area in which the user area slips. The
[0051]
Subsequently, when the sector LD3 (track 0010, sector 05) is determined to be a defective sector in the data recording operation to the disk (FIG. 16), a spare area sector (track 0100, sector 01) is used as an alternative sector of the sector LD3. ). Then, the addresses of the defective sector LD3 and the spare sector of the spare area are registered in the SDL.
[0052]
Here, it will be described that the alternative sector address for the defective sector LD3 registered in the SDL is (track 0100, sector 01). In the defect processing at the time of disk initialization performed earlier, since the number of entries registered in the PDL is 1, an LSN is assigned to one sector from the head of the spare area, and the user area protrudes (slips) It can be seen that it has already been used. Accordingly, it is possible to determine that the sector immediately after that, that is, the sector after the second sector (track 0100, sector 01) from the beginning of the spare area is an unallocated area. As a result, the sectors (track 0100, sector 01) can be used as a substitute sector for the defective sector detected during data recording.
[0053]
In this way, by using both PDL and SDL, defect processing can be performed on all defective sectors that may exist when the disk is normally used, from disk initialization to data recording / reproduction. .
[0054]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the disk defect management method described above, defective sectors are processed only for sectors that are actually determined to have errors in error determinations E1, E2 (FIG. 14) and E3 (FIG. 16).
[0055]
However, even a sector that is not determined to have an error may not be accessible. For example, since there is a flaw that causes a tracking error in a sector before the target sector to be recorded and reproduced, the track cannot be traced at the time of access. Further, even the target sector address may not be read. This is because the access to the target sector must start from the sector of the non-traceable track that actually exists before considering the spinning disk. Therefore, the address for accessing the target sector cannot be read, and there is a problem that recording / reproduction to the target sector cannot be performed.
[0056]
FIG. 19 shows a situation in which the track has a flaw (track 0011, sector 02), the track cannot be traced even if the head tries to access, and a tracking error has occurred.
[0057]
In the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 20, after the sector of the address (track 0011, sector 02) is registered in the PDL or SDL as a defective sector, the head tries to access the subsequent (track 0011, sector 03). . However, it is often impossible to trace the track, resulting in a tracking error. Since this reads out the sector address of (track 0011, sector 03), as described above, in many cases, it is necessary to bring the head closer to the end of (track 0011, sector 02) immediately before it cannot be traced off due to scratches. Because there is. Thereafter, the head repeats the same movement several times, but a tracking error occurs at (track 0011, sector 03), and access to the subsequent sector becomes impossible.
[0058]
Therefore, in the conventional method, when there is a defective sector that cannot be traced, a configuration that avoids only access to the defective sector is adopted, and access to the subsequent sector becomes impossible. There was a problem.
[0059]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problem, and even when there is a defective sector that cannot be tracked, a reliable disk defect management method and a disk that can reliably access subsequent sectors. An object is to provide a recording / reproducing apparatus.
[0060]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the method for managing defects in a disc according to the present invention, a plurality of tracks are formed on the disc, and each of the plurality of tracks is divided into a plurality of sectors, and the method includes: A first error detecting step for detecting a first sector having a read error; Detect sectors that cannot be physically traced Second An error detection step; If the second sector is detected in the second error detecting step, the second sector and the second sector are detected. At least one sector following the sector is defined as a defective sector If the second sector is not detected by the second error detection step, only the first sector is detected. Registering it in the defect list as a defective sector, whereby the above object is achieved.
[0061]
The method may further include recording data in a substitute sector different from the defective sector registered in the defect list using a slipping algorithm.
[0062]
The method may further include the step of recording data in an alternative sector different from the defective sector registered in the defect list using a linear replacement algorithm.
[0066]
An information recording medium according to the present invention is an information recording medium in which one or more tracks are formed, and each of the one or more tracks is divided into a plurality of sectors, Position information of the first defective sector having a read error is recorded in the defect list; Cannot be physically traced Second Location information of defective sectors, and Second Position information of at least one sector of the plurality of sectors subsequent to the defective sector; In the defect list Recorded, which achieves the above objectives.
[0067]
An information recording medium according to the present invention has a plurality of zones, each of which has one or more tracks, and each of the one or more tracks is divided into a plurality of sectors. A block in which an error correction code is calculated over at least two sectors of the plurality of sectors is formed, and among the plurality of sectors, The position information of the block including the first defective sector having a read error is recorded in the defect list, Cannot be physically traced Second Position information of the block including a defective sector; and Second Position information of the block having at least one sector of the plurality of sectors following the defective sector; In the defect list Recorded, which achieves the above objectives.
[0068]
In the disk defect management method according to the present invention, the disk has a plurality of zones, each of the plurality of zones having a plurality of tracks, and each of the plurality of tracks being divided into a plurality of sectors. A block on which an error correction code is calculated over at least two sectors of the plurality of sectors, and the method includes: A first error detecting step for detecting a first sector having a read error; Detect sectors that cannot be physically traced Second error detection Steps, When the second sector is detected by the second error detection step, the block including the second sector and the second sector are detected. The block comprising at least one sector following the sector; The As a defective sector If the second sector is not detected by the second error detection step, only the first sector is set as a defective sector. And registering it in the defect list, whereby the above object is achieved.
[0069]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0070]
The structure of the disk medium described in the following embodiment is a disk medium 1 configured as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, for example. A plurality of tracks 2 are concentrically formed on the disk-shaped disk medium 1. Each track 2 is formed with a plurality of sectors 3 finely divided in the radial direction. An absolute address called a physical sector address is added to the head of all these sectors 3.
[0071]
In the disk medium 1 shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, when a sector is defective at the time of data recording / reproduction, the sector in which the defect exists is referred to as a primary defect list (hereinafter referred to as “PDL”). ) Or a secondary defect list (secondary defect list; hereinafter referred to as “SDL”) as a defective sector. By using PDL or SDL or these simultaneously, use of a sector inappropriate for data recording / reproduction can be avoided in certain cases, and reliability for data recording / reproduction can be ensured.
[0072]
(Embodiment 1)
Disk initialization is an operation that is executed at least once before writing data to the disk. Is it possible to write data that is a specific test pattern for all sectors and then read data correctly from all sectors? Depending on the reason, the sector inspection of the disk is performed. Sectors that cannot be read by inspection at the time of disc initialization are generally processed as defective sectors by a slipping algorithm that performs PDL registration.
[0073]
FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a procedure for performing disk initialization in the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0074]
When the recording / reproducing apparatus (not shown) starts the disc initialization operation, first, the start address of the sector of the target sector to be initialized is set as the address initial setting value, and the prepared test data is Write to its head address. Here, the head address is the address of the sector located at the head of the data recording area (FIG. 1C). Thereafter, error determination E1 is performed. In error determination E1, it is determined whether or not the sector address can be read normally. This is because it is necessary to read the sector address first when writing data to the sector, and if the reading of the sector address is an error, writing cannot be performed.
[0075]
When it is determined by the error determination E1 that there is an address read error, the error content is determined again by the tracking error determination E4. The tracking error determination E4 determines whether or not the error in the error determination E1 is caused by a tracking error that cannot physically trace the track. The error determination E4 determines whether the error determined in the error determination E1 is a substantially permanent error, for example, an error due to a flaw existing in a sector, based on whether it is a tracking error or not. It is processing.
[0076]
If it is determined in tracking error determination E4 that there is a tracking error, the sector address for two sectors of the current sector in which the error has occurred and the subsequent sector are registered in the first list. When it is determined in tracking error determination E4 that there is no tracking error, the current sector is set as a defective sector, and the sector address is registered in the first list.
[0077]
Next, the value of the sector address is incremented by 1, test data is written, and error determination E1 is performed. This process is repeated, and after reaching the final sector address, the head sector address value is set as the address initial setting value again, and data is read from the head sector.
[0078]
After the data reading, it is determined whether or not the read data is correct in the error determination E2, that is, whether or not the writing has been successful. If there is an error, the error content is determined again by tracking error determination E4.
[0079]
The tracking error determination E4 determines whether or not the error in the error determination E2 is caused by a tracking error that cannot physically trace the track. An error occurs in the tracking error determination E4 when, for example, the track is damaged and the sector cannot be accessed as described above.
[0080]
If it is determined in tracking error determination E4 that there is a tracking error, the sector addresses for two sectors of the current sector in which the error has occurred and the subsequent sector are registered in the second list. When it is determined in tracking error determination E4 that there is no tracking error, the current sector is set as a defective sector, and the sector address is registered in the second list.
[0081]
Next, the value of the sector address is incremented by 1, data is read, and error determination E2 and tracking error determination E4 are performed. After this process is repeated and the final sector address is reached, when registration in the second list is completed, the previously created first list and registered second list are combined into one list. The defective sector addresses stored in this list are sorted in the sector address order so that one defective sector is registered in duplicate, and the PDL described above is created and stored in the disk.
[0082]
FIG. 3 (a) shows a sector on a disk which has been made a defective sector by applying the present invention, and FIG. 3 (b) shows an example in which the defective sector is registered in the PDL.
[0083]
Sector SD1 (track 0011, sector 02) in FIG. 3A is determined to be an error by error determinations E1 and E2 (FIG. 2), and is further determined to be a tracking error by tracking error determination E4 (FIG. 2). , The subsequent sector SD2 (track 0011, sector 03) is a defective sector. As can be understood from FIG. 3B showing the PDL corresponding to this case, the entry PDE1 has the sector address of the sector SD1 (track 0011, sector 02), and the entry PDE2 has the sector address of the sector SD2 (track 0011). , Sector 03) is registered.
[0084]
According to this PDL, when there is an access to the sectors SD1 and SD2, it can be determined that this sector is a defective sector and can be skipped. Furthermore, even if there is a defective sector that causes a tracking error that the track cannot be physically traced due to scratches or the like, the subsequent sector (for example, one sector) is also registered in the PDL as a defective sector, causing the tracking error. Thus, it is possible to completely avoid the situation in which the subsequent sector cannot be accessed, and to realize highly reliable disk defect management.
[0085]
(Embodiment 2)
The recording of data on the disk is an operation of writing designated data to a designated sector. Sectors that cannot be read by inspection during data recording on the disc are generally processed as defective sectors by a linear replacement algorithm using SDL.
[0086]
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an operation for recording on a disc in the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0087]
A general recording / reproducing apparatus (not shown) sets a head sector address of an area on a disk on which data is recorded as an address initial setting value, and writes specified data from the head of the sector in which the address is set. Next, the recording / reproducing apparatus performs a verify process in order to confirm whether or not the writing is successful. The verify process is a process of reading data from the sector in order to confirm whether or not writing has been performed.
[0088]
When the data read operation is completed, it is determined in error determination E3 whether the designated data has been written. That is, it is determined whether the data has been read and whether the read data is the same as the designated data that has been written. If the data cannot be read or has been read but is different from the designated data, it is determined that an error has occurred. If the data is read and the read data is the same as the specified data, it is determined that there is no error. If it is determined that the read data is an error, the error content is determined again by tracking error determination E4.
[0089]
The tracking error determination E4 determines whether or not the error in the error determination E3 could not be read due to a tracking error that cannot physically trace the track.
[0090]
If it is determined in tracking error determination E4 that a tracking error has occurred, two sectors of the current sector in which the error has occurred and the subsequent sector are defined as defective sectors, and alternative sectors for two sectors are allocated based on SDL. When it is determined in tracking error determination E4 that there is no tracking error, only the current sector is set as a defective sector, and an alternative sector for one sector is allocated based on SDL. The designated data that has failed to be written is written in the sector assigned as the alternative sector. The defective sector address and the alternative sector address are registered in the SDL.
[0091]
Thereafter, the sector address is set to the designated address, and data writing, verify processing, error determination E3 and tracking error determination E4 are performed.
[0092]
As a result of repeating the above operation, when the designated final sector address is reached, the data recording process on the disk is terminated.
[0093]
FIG. 5 (a) shows a sector on a disk which has been made a defective sector by applying the present invention and its alternative sector, and FIG. 5 (b) shows an example in which the defective sector and alternative sector are registered in the SDL.
[0094]
The sector LD1 (track 0012, sector 04) in FIG. 5A is determined as an error by the error determination E3 (FIG. 4), and is further determined as a tracking error by the tracking error determination E4 (FIG. 4). In this case, the succeeding sector LD2 (track 0012, sector 05) is a defective sector. Here, alternative sectors for two sectors are secured in (track 0100, sector 00) and (track 0100, sector 01). As can be understood from FIG. 5B showing the SDL corresponding to this case, the entry SDE1 includes the sector address (track 0012, sector 04) of the defective sector LD1 and the alternative sector address (track 0100, sector 01). However, in the entry PDE2, the defective sector sector address (track 0012, sector 05) and the alternative sector address (track 0100, sector 02) of the sector LD2 are registered.
[0095]
According to this SDL, when there is an access to the sectors LD1 and LD2, it can be determined that this sector is a defective sector and can be skipped. Furthermore, even if there is a defective sector that causes a tracking error that the track cannot be physically traced due to scratches or the like, the subsequent sector (for example, one sector) is also registered in the SDL as a defective sector. For this reason, it is possible to completely avoid the situation in which the subsequent sector cannot be accessed, and to realize highly reliable disk defect management.
[0096]
Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, an address read error and a data error may occur even when data is written. Therefore, error determination is performed by error determination E3 and error determination E4, and a defective sector is assigned to an alternative sector and registered in the SDL. This process is executed not only after the verify process but also immediately after the designated data is written and immediately after the designated data is written to the alternative sector. Thereby, it is possible to realize more reliable defect management of the disk.
[0097]
(Embodiment 3)
Normally, when a disk is used, disk initialization called format processing is first performed once, and data is recorded after the formatting process is completed. The defective sector detected at the time of disc initialization is registered in the PDL by the method described in the first embodiment, and a slipping algorithm is applied. After the disc initialization, defective sectors detected at the time of recording are registered in the SDL by the method described in the second embodiment and a linear replacement algorithm is applied.
[0098]
FIG. 6 (a) shows a defective sector and its alternative sector using the slipping algorithm using PDL and the linear replacement algorithm using SDL in the third embodiment.
[0099]
FIG. 6A shows a sector position when one defective sector due to a flaw is detected during disk initialization and one defective sector due to a flaw is detected during subsequent data recording. Sector SD3 (track 0011, sector 01) and SD4 (track 0011, sector 02) in FIG. 6 (a) are defective sectors at the time of disk initialization and subsequent sectors, and their addresses are registered in the PDL in FIG. 6 (b). Has been. At this time, an LSN is allocated to two sectors (track 0100, sector 00) and (track 0100, sector 01) in the spare area by a slipping algorithm using PDL, and the user area is used as a slipped area. .
[0100]
Referring again to FIG. 6A, sectors LD3 (track 0010, sector 05) and LD4 (track 0010, sector 06) are defective sectors at the time of data recording and subsequent sectors (track 0100, sector 02). (Track 0100, sector 03) are used as alternative sectors, and these addresses are registered in the SDL of FIG. As a result, when the sectors LD3 and LD4 are accessed, recording / reproduction can be performed by accessing the alternative sector registered in the SDL by the linear replacement algorithm.
[0101]
Hereinafter, it will be described that the alternative sector addresses for LD3 and LD4 registered in the SDL are (track 0100, sector 02) and (track 0100, sector 03).
[0102]
Since the number of entries registered in the PDL in the defect processing at the time of disk initialization performed earlier is 2, an LSN is allocated to two sectors from the head of the spare area, and the user area protrudes (slips) It is understood that it is already used. Accordingly, the sector immediately after that, that is, the sector after the third sector (track 0100, sector 02) from the head of the spare area can be determined as an unallocated area, and can be used as an alternative sector during data recording. Become.
[0103]
According to the disk defect management method of the third embodiment described above, it is possible to deal with all defective sector processing for a disk normally used from disk initialization to data recording / reproduction. Effects can be obtained at the same time. That is, in the defective sector processing using both the slipping algorithm using PDL and the linear replacement algorithm using SDL, when there is a defect in which the track cannot be physically traced due to the scratch of the sector, In addition, by registering the subsequent sector as a defective sector in the PDL and SDL, it becomes possible to prevent access to the subsequent sector of the defective sector. As a result, it is possible to realize highly reliable disk defect management.
[0104]
(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 7 shows a configuration of a disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. The disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 is used for recording or reproducing data with respect to the disk medium 1. The disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 includes a motor 10, a head 11, a control unit 30, a modulation / demodulation unit 15, an error detection / correction unit 16, a memory 17, a drive control unit 18, an external interface 19, and a bus 20. including. Here, the control unit 30 includes a servo control unit 12, a head control unit 13, and an access control unit 14.
[0105]
Hereinafter, functions of components included in the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 will be described. It is assumed that the disk medium 1 described below is the disk medium 1 described in FIG.
[0106]
The motor 10 is a device for rotating and stopping the disk medium 1. The motor 10 is started by the access control means 14 when accessing the disk medium 1 and stopped when the access to the disk medium 1 is completed.
[0107]
The head 11 is a device for recording / reproducing data on the disk medium 1. When the disk medium 1 is an optical disk, the disk medium 1 includes a portion using a laser beam and a lens, and an actuator portion (not shown) serving as a pedestal thereof. Here, the actuator is a mechanism for finely adjusting the movement between tracks, and is an indispensable mechanism for access by the head.
[0108]
Next, the servo control unit 12, the head control unit 13, and the access control unit 14 included in the control unit 30 will be described.
[0109]
The servo control means 12 performs tracking adjustment so as to trace the track with respect to the head 11, and performs tracking error detection.
[0110]
The head controller 13 gives a fine adjustment instruction for tracking to the actuator section of the head 11.
[0111]
The access control means 14 instructs the head 11 and the motor 10 to move the track and move the sector. The access control means 14 plays a central role in controlling access to the disk.
[0112]
Subsequently, the modem 15 demodulates the analog data read from the head 11 into an original bit string, or modulates the bit string and sends it to the head 11 for recording. That is, the modulation / demodulation means 15 inputs / outputs recording / reproduction data to / from the head 11.
[0113]
The error detection / correction means 16 performs error detection on the data string received from the modulation / demodulation means 15 after the data recorded on the disk medium 1 is read by the head 11. If an error is detected as a result of error detection, correction processing is performed. In general, code processing such as CRC and ECC (Error Correction Code) is performed, and a data string for that is stored on the disk medium 1.
[0114]
The memory 17 has an area used as an intermediate buffer at the time of data recording / reproduction, an area when the error detection / correction means 16 performs arithmetic processing, and the like. Used in general data processing in this apparatus.
[0115]
The drive control means 18 is connected to the servo control means 12, the head control means 13, the access control means 14, the error detection / correction means 16 and the memory 17 via the bus 20. The drive control means 18 controls the entire apparatus by giving instructions to the servo control means 12, the head control means 13, and the access control means 14 of the control means 30. Usually, the drive control means 18 is a processor. Software for operating the processor is stored in the memory 17.
[0116]
The external interface 19 is connected to the bus 20. The external interface 19 receives a command or data input to the disc recording / reproducing apparatus 700 from the outside, or outputs a command or data from the disc recording / reproducing apparatus 700 to the outside.
[0117]
An operation in which the disk recording / reproducing apparatus configured as described above records and reproduces data on the disk medium 1 will be described.
[0118]
First, normal data recording operation on the disk medium 1 will be described along with the passage of time.
[0119]
When the external interface 19 receives a write command from the outside, the drive control means 18 analyzes the command and determines in which position on the disk medium 1 the data is stored. When the data storage position is determined, the drive control means 18 prepares for data reception. The data input to the external interface 19 is temporarily stored in the memory 17 where an error correction code is added by the error detection and correction means 16.
[0120]
When the data to be recorded is prepared, the drive control means 18 accesses the access control means 14, the servo control means 12 and the head control means 13 so as to access the head sector of the previously determined storage positions. Give instructions. The access control means 14, servo control means 12, and head control means 13 that have received an instruction from the access control means 14 operate the motor 10 and the head 11 to access the head sector. After the error detection / correction means 16 sends the data previously prepared on the memory 17 to the modulation / demodulation means 15 for modulation, the head 11 records the data from the head sector. Thereafter, data is similarly recorded at the sector address designated by the drive control means 18.
[0121]
At the time of recording data on the disk medium 1, in order to confirm whether or not the recorded data is stored on the disk medium 1, a verify process for reading the data once recorded in the sector is also performed.
[0122]
Next, normal data reproduction operation from the disk medium 1 will be described along with the passage of time.
[0123]
When the external interface 19 receives a read command from the outside, the drive control means 18 analyzes the command and calculates a read position on the disk medium 1 of data to be reproduced. When the read position of the data to be reproduced is calculated, the drive control means 18 prepares for data read. On the other hand, when the data read position is determined, the drive control means 18 accesses the access control means 14, servo control means 12 and head control means 13 to the head sector of the sector at the previously determined read position. Instruct. When the motor 10 and the head 11 access the head sector in accordance with an instruction from the drive control means 18, data is read out. The read data is demodulated by the modem 15 and temporarily stored in the memory 17. At this time, the error detection / correction means 16 detects and corrects the error. The data stored in the memory is output from the external interface 19 by the drive control means 18. Thereafter, similarly, data designated by the command is reproduced.
[0124]
Next, in the disk access operation of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700, a case will be described in which the head 11 is detached from the target track while the track is being traced because the disk medium 1 is damaged. In such a case, the servo control means 12 detects that the head 11 has failed to trace the target track. The servo control means 12 recognizes this state as a tracking error, and determines that it is necessary to avoid the sector of the track where the tracking error has occurred and to access. In order to avoid a sector in which a tracking error has occurred, the access control means 14 and the head control means 13 perform two-stage access as described below.
[0125]
The access control means 14 moves the head 11 and performs a seek operation to a neighboring track different from the designated track (target track). The seek from the neighboring track to the target track is performed by moving the actuator section of the head 11 from the head control means 13 to the target sector. As a result, the target sector of the target track, that is, the target address can be accessed. Here, the distance between the adjacent track and the target track, which is the track jump position of the first stage, is the distance within the actuator movable range of the head 11 and the actuator of the head 11 moves while the disk medium 1 rotates by one sector. Determined from any of the possible distances. Here, the distance within the actuator movable range is a distance depending on the performance of the hardware, and is a maximum moving distance (fixed value) uniquely determined by the hardware.
[0126]
FIG. 8 shows two-stage disk access using the trajectory of the head 11. Here, an example of accessing (track 0011, sector 04) is shown, and the trajectory of the head 11 is indicated by numbers 1 to 3.
[0127]
In the first stage of access, the head 11 performs a track jump to the neighboring track 0014. Subsequently, as a second stage of access, a track jump to a target address (track 0011, sector 04) is performed in consideration of disk rotation. Actually, it does not jump directly to the target address (track 0011, sector 04), but jumps to a sector some distance away on the same track, and the target address (track 0011, sector 04) as the disk medium 1 rotates. Will be accessing. FIG. 8 shows jumping to, for example, a sector (track 0011, sector 03). This is because the disk medium 1 is rotating and it is difficult to jump directly to the sector address area at the head of each sector.
[0128]
In this example, the track-to-track distance between the neighboring track and the target track is 3, but this distance is a value determined by the performance of the actuator section of the head 11 as described above. Therefore, access from a longer distance is possible depending on performance.
[0129]
The two-stage access has been described above.
[0130]
Next, an operation for the disc recording / reproducing apparatus 700 to access a desired sector of a desired track when there is a large flaw across a plurality of tracks will be described.
[0131]
FIG. 9 shows three stages of disk access using the trajectory of the head 11. Here, an example of accessing (track 0011, sector 05) is shown. It is assumed that scratches on the disk exist from track 0011 to 0016. The trajectory of the head 11 is indicated by numbers 1-4.
[0132]
In the first stage of access, the head 11 performs a track jump to the track 0017. Subsequently, as a second stage of access, the head 11 moves to the track 0014 by the actuator unit of the head 11. Similarly, in the third stage of access, a track jump is performed to the target sector (track 0011, sector 05).
[0133]
As described in the case of two-stage disk access, in the case of three-stage access, the head 11 does not jump to an address (track 0011, sector 05) to be accessed, but is separated to some extent on the same track. Jump to a sector. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the head 11 jumps onto an address (track 0011, sector 04). The subsequent operation and the reason are the same as described in the two-stage disk access.
[0134]
In the above-described example, the two-stage and three-stage disk accesses have been described. However, arbitrary multistage access is possible by repeating the track jump.
[0135]
As described above, according to the multistage access method in which the target sector is accessed after a track jump once to a nearby track, it is possible to access a desired sector while completely avoiding scratches on the disk. Therefore, access can be made in an extremely short time compared to the case where the retry is repeated while failing as in the prior art, and more reliable disk access is realized regardless of the size of the scratch.
[0136]
(Embodiment 5)
In the fifth embodiment, the operation of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) described in the fourth embodiment to process a defective sector by a slipping algorithm using PDL for initialization of the disk medium 1 will be described.
[0137]
Hereinafter, it will be described which component of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) performs the defective sector processing operation by the slipping algorithm using PDL when the disk medium 1 is initialized. The processing flow of the defective sector is as shown in FIG. 2 and is performed according to the procedure described in the first embodiment.
[0138]
Referring to FIG. 7, disk initialization is started when an initialization command is input to external interface 19 from an external control device (not shown) such as a host computer.
[0139]
Referring to the flowchart of FIG. 2, the error determination E1 is based on the address data read error detected by the access control means 14 (FIG. 7) and the error detection / correction means 16 (FIG. 7). ) Is executed.
[0140]
The tracking error determination E4 is processed by the drive control means 18 (FIG. 7) based on whether or not the signal indicates the tracking error output from the servo control means 12 (FIG. 7).
[0141]
Subsequently, the error judgment E2 was error data that could not be corrected by the error detection / correction means 16 (FIG. 7), or the data differed by comparison between the data read out on the memory 17 (FIG. 7) and the test data. Sometimes it is executed by the drive control means 18 (FIG. 7). As described above, the tracking error determination E4 when there is an error in the error determination E2 is based on whether the signal indicating the tracking error output from the servo control means 12 (FIG. 7) or not. 18 (FIG. 7).
[0142]
When creating, merging, and sorting the defect list by error determination, the area of the memory 17 (FIG. 7) is used. In the last PDL registration, the PDL stored in the memory 17 (FIG. 7) is written to the disk medium 1 (FIG. 7), and the defective sector processing by the PDL is completed. The end of the process is notified to an external device, for example, a host computer (not shown) via the external interface 19 (FIG. 7).
[0143]
In this manner, even when there is a defective sector due to a tracking error in the disk reproducing apparatus, the defective sector processing by the slipping algorithm using PDL can be performed without interrupting the operation.
[0144]
Of the operations of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) of the present embodiment, the normal recording / reproducing operation of data on the disk is the same as the operation described in the fourth embodiment.
[0145]
According to the present embodiment, by performing defective sector processing by a slipping algorithm using PDL, when there is an error that the track cannot be physically traced due to a scratch on the sector, in addition to the sector, the subsequent Are registered in the PDL as defective sectors. As a result, access to the succeeding sector of the defective sector is not impossible, and a disk recording / reproducing apparatus that realizes extremely reliable disk access can be obtained.
[0146]
(Embodiment 6)
In the sixth embodiment, the operation of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) described in the fourth embodiment processes a defective sector by the linear replacement algorithm using SDL when data is recorded on the disk medium 1 will be described. To do.
[0147]
Hereinafter, it will be described which component of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) performs the defective sector processing operation by the linear replacement algorithm using SDL when data is recorded on the disk medium 1. To do. The processing flow of the defective sector is as shown in FIG. 4 and is performed according to the procedure described in the second embodiment.
[0148]
Referring to FIG. 7, recording of data on the disk is started when a write command for requesting data recording is input to external interface 19 from an external control device (not shown) such as a host computer. The Thereafter, data to be recorded on the disk medium 1 is input via the external interface 19 and temporarily stored in the memory 17. At this time, an address is also input to the external interface 19.
[0149]
Referring to the flowchart of FIG. 4, error determination E3 is error data that cannot be corrected by error detection / correction means 16 (FIG. 7), or from disk medium 1 (FIG. 7) to memory 17 (FIG. 7). When the read data and the data temporarily stored in the memory 17 (FIG. 7) are collated, the data is executed by the drive control means 18 (FIG. 7). The tracking error determination E4 when there is an error in the error determination E3 is executed by the drive control means 18 (FIG. 7) based on whether or not the signal indicates a tracking error output from the servo control means 12 (FIG. 7). Be done
When data is written to the alternative sector by the tracking error determination E4, the data temporarily stored in the memory 17 (FIG. 7) is used, and this data is temporarily stored after writing to the disk medium 1 (FIG. 7). Erase the data you had.
[0150]
When the final address is reached and the processing is terminated, the external device, for example, a host computer (not shown) is notified of the completion of the processing via the external interface 19 (FIG. 7).
[0151]
Of the operations of the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) of the present embodiment, the normal recording / reproducing operation of data on the disk is the same as the operation described in the fourth embodiment.
[0152]
In this manner, even when there is a defective sector due to a tracking error in the disk reproducing apparatus, the defective sector processing by the linear replacement algorithm using SDL can be performed without interrupting the operation.
[0153]
According to this embodiment, by performing defective sector processing by the linear replacement algorithm using SDL, when there is an error that the track cannot be physically traced due to a flaw, in addition to the corresponding sector, One sector is registered in the SDL as a defective sector. As a result, access to the succeeding sector of the defective sector is not impossible, and a disk recording / reproducing apparatus that realizes extremely reliable disk access can be obtained.
[0154]
Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, an address read error and a data error may occur even when data is written. Therefore, error determination is performed by error determination E3 and error determination E4, and a defective sector is assigned to an alternative sector and registered in the SDL. This process is executed not only after the verify process but also immediately after the designated data is written and immediately after the designated data is written to the alternative sector. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a disk recording / reproducing apparatus that realizes more reliable disk access.
[0155]
(Embodiment 7)
The disc recording / reproducing apparatus 700 (FIG. 7) described in the fourth embodiment performs defective sector processing by a slipping algorithm using PDL at the time of disc initialization, and linear replacement using SDL after the disc initialization.・ Defect sector processing can be performed by an algorithm. These processes are realized by applying the procedure described in the fifth embodiment at the time of initialization and applying the procedure described in the sixth embodiment after the disk initialization.
[0156]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the same effects as those described in the fifth and sixth embodiments can be obtained at the same time. That is, in the defective sector processing using the slipping algorithm using PDL and the linear replacement algorithm using SDL, when there is an error that the track cannot be physically traced due to a flaw, Thus, by registering the succeeding sector as a defective sector in the PDL and SDL, it becomes possible to prevent access to the succeeding sector of the defective sector. As a result, it is possible to obtain a disk recording / reproducing apparatus capable of performing highly reliable disk access.
[0157]
(Embodiment 8)
The disc recording / reproducing apparatus in the present embodiment has the same configuration as the disc recording / reproducing apparatus 700 described in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. That is, the disk recording / reproducing apparatus 700 includes a motor 10, a head 11, a control unit 30, a modulation / demodulation unit 15, an error detection and correction unit 16, a memory 17, a drive control unit 18, an external interface 19, and a bus. 20 and so on. Here, the control unit 30 includes a servo control unit 12, a head control unit 13, and an access control unit 14.
[0158]
The data recording / reproducing apparatus 700 of the present embodiment records and reproduces information on a DVD-RAM format disk.
[0159]
In the disk medium 1 in the DVD-RAM format (FIG. 1A), 2048-byte user data is formed as one data sector, and 32768-byte user data, which is a combination of the 16 data sectors, is used as one unit. An ECC (Error Correction Code) is calculated. One unit in which the ECC calculation is performed is managed as an ECC block. That is, the data recording area 5 (FIG. 1C) is divided and managed in units of ECC blocks. This DVD-RAM format is described in “120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM), Standard ECMA-272” issued by ECMA.
[0160]
The data recording / reproducing apparatus 700 of the eighth embodiment performs the normal data recording / reproducing operation similar to the data recording operation and the data reproducing operation described in the fourth embodiment. However, since the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1A) is a DVD-RAM, data recording / reproduction is performed in units of ECC blocks, and error correction codes are calculated for each ECC block during recording / reproduction.
[0161]
The data recording / reproducing apparatus 700 of the present embodiment performs the same operation as the data recording / reproducing apparatus 700 of the above-described seventh embodiment, thereby using the defective sector processing by the slipping algorithm using PDL and the SDL. Defective sector processing is performed by a linear replacement algorithm. Here, the sector address is registered in the PDL as in the seventh embodiment. In the SDL, the head sector address of the ECC block including the sector to be registered is registered.
[0162]
More specifically, if the defective sector determined as tracking error in tracking error determination E4 (FIG. 4) and the succeeding sector are the same ECC block, one leading sector address of the ECC block is registered, When the succeeding sector extends over different ECC blocks, the head sector addresses of both ECC blocks are registered.
[0163]
Thus, even when data is recorded / reproduced on / from the disk medium 1 whose recording unit is larger than the physical sector, the same operation as that of the data recording / reproducing apparatus 700 of the seventh embodiment can be performed.
[0164]
The first to eighth embodiments have been described above.
[0165]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the disk medium 1 only needs to have tracks and sectors formed on a disk-shaped disk. The CAV (Constant Angular Velocity) method, CLV (Constant Linear Velocity); The sector arrangement method such as) method is not limited. For example, the present invention can be applied to both the CAV method and the CLV method. Furthermore, there are disk media whose number of sectors differs depending on the track. However, even in that case, the effects of the present invention can be obtained by the same method as the disk defect management method and the access method described above.
[0166]
In the fourth embodiment, the control means are connected by the bus 20, but any connection method may be used as long as signals and data can be exchanged with each other.
[0167]
In Embodiments 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 of the present invention, it has been described that when a tracking error is determined in the tracking error determination E4, the subsequent sector is made a defective sector in addition to the sector in which the tracking error has occurred. However, the number of subsequent sectors is not limited to 1 and may be an arbitrary integer of 1 or more. When the scratch is large and the tracking error is repeated, the number of succeeding sectors is made larger than 1 to increase the reliability when accessing the disk medium 1 described above (FIG. 1A). it can.
[0168]
When the number of succeeding sectors is N (N is a natural number), in Embodiments 4 to 7 of the present invention, the distance between the target track and the neighboring track that moves by the seek operation is within the movable range of the actuator of the head 11. The distance is determined from the distance that the actuator of the head 11 can move while the disk medium 1 rotates by N sectors.
[0169]
In the above embodiment, the track number and sector number of the defective sector address are registered in the PDL and SDL. However, a one-dimensional physical sector address may be used as long as the sector can be specified.
[0170]
In FIG. 7, the memory is described as one, but the memory is divided for each purpose, in the control means 30, or in each of the servo control means 12, the head control means 13, and the access control means 14. It may be built in.
[0171]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, even if there is a sector whose track cannot be traced, the subsequent sector can always be accessed, so that it is possible to realize highly reliable disk defect processing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1C are diagrams showing a general physical and logical structure of a disk medium 1. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a procedure at the time of disk initialization in the first and fifth embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing defective sectors and PDLs in the first and fifth embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a procedure at the time of recording data on a disc in the second and sixth embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing defective sectors, alternative sectors, and SDLs in the second and sixth embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 6A to 6C are diagrams showing a defective sector and its alternative sectors, PDL and SDL in the third and seventh embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disc recording / reproducing apparatus 700 in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a head operation at the time of two-stage disk access in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a head operation at the time of three-stage disk access in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a primary defect list (PDL). FIG.
11A and 11B are diagrams showing a secondary defect list (SDL). FIG.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a defective sector to which a slipping algorithm is applied and its alternative sector.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a defective sector to which a linear replacement algorithm is applied and its alternative sector.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a procedure at the time of disc initialization.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing positions of defective sectors on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1) and PDLs in which the defective sectors are registered.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a procedure at the time of data recording on a disc.
FIGS. 17A and 17B are diagrams showing positions of defective sectors and their alternative sectors on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1) and PDLs in which the defective sectors and alternative sectors are registered.
FIGS. 18A to 18C are diagrams showing positions of defective sectors and their alternative sectors on the disk medium 1 (FIG. 1), and PDL and SDL in which the defective sectors and alternative sectors are registered.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating access to a defective sector according to a conventional method.
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating access to a defective sector according to a conventional method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Disc media
2 tracks
3 sectors
4 Disc information area
5 Data recording area
10 Motor
11 heads
12 Servo control means
13 Head control means
14 Access control means
17 memory
18 Drive control means
19 External interface
30 Control means
700 Disc recording / reproducing apparatus

Claims (6)

A method for managing defects in a disk, wherein a plurality of tracks are formed on the disk, and each of the plurality of tracks is divided into a plurality of sectors,
The method
A first error detecting step of detecting a first sector having a read error among the plurality of sectors ;
A second error detecting step of detecting a sector that cannot be physically traced among the first sector ;
When the second sector is detected by the second error detection step, the second sector and at least one sector subsequent to the second sector are defined as defective sectors, and the second error detection step If the second sector is not detected , registering only the first sector as a defective sector in the defect list;
Including the method.   The method according to claim 1, further comprising recording data in an alternative sector different from the defective sector registered in the defect list using a slipping algorithm.   The method according to claim 1, further comprising recording data in an alternative sector different from the defective sector registered in the defect list using a linear replacement algorithm. One or more tracks are formed, and each of the one or more tracks is an information recording medium divided into a plurality of sectors,
Position information of the first defective sector having a read error is recorded in the defect list;
Position information of a second defective sector that cannot be physically traced and position information of at least one sector of the plurality of sectors subsequent to the second defective sector are recorded in the defect list .
Information recording medium. An information recording medium having a plurality of zones, each of the plurality of zones being formed with one or more tracks, each of the one or more tracks being divided into a plurality of sectors,
A block in which an error correction code is calculated over at least two sectors of the plurality of sectors is formed;
Position information of a block including a second defective sector that cannot be physically traced , in which position information of a block including a first defective sector having a read error is recorded in the defect list among the plurality of sectors. Information and position information of the block having at least one sector of the plurality of sectors subsequent to the second defective sector are recorded in the defect list ,
Information recording medium. A method of managing a defect of a disk, wherein the disk has a plurality of zones, each of the plurality of zones is formed with a plurality of tracks, and each of the plurality of tracks is divided into a plurality of sectors. , A disk in which a block in which an error correction code is calculated is formed over at least two sectors of the plurality of sectors,
The method
A first error detecting step of detecting a first sector having a read error among the plurality of sectors ;
A second error detecting step of detecting a sector that cannot be physically traced among the first sector ;
When the second sector is detected by the second error detecting step, a block including the second sector and a block including at least one sector subsequent to the second sector are defined as defective sectors, and the second sector is detected . If the second sector is not detected by the error detecting step , registering only the block including the first sector as a defective sector in the defect list;
Including the method.

Images