JP4060305B2 - Bird nesting structure in retaining wall - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a bird nesting structure in a retaining wall that allows birds to properly excavate a nesting tunnel in the covering soil on the back of the retaining wall.

  Retaining walls formed by lining plates or lining blocks or concrete placement, such as kingfishers, pied kingfishers, and white swallows, deprive the nesting environment of nesting birds by drilling nesting tunnels on their own cliffs and breeding these birds The problem that obstructs is pointed out and the improvement is demanded.

  In Patent Document 1, as a conventional technique, a plastic pipe is arranged in a wooden nest box, and one end of the plastic pipe is connected to a bird access opening provided on a cover plate, and the other end is opened in a rear space of the nest box. Thus, a bird nesting structure using the rear space as a production room is disclosed.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a bird nesting structure that replaces the above-described prior art, and is provided with a nesting earth and sand layer on the back surface of the retaining wall, and a bird entry / exit facing the nesting earth and sand layer on a lining plate forming the retaining wall A bird nesting structure is provided in which an opening is provided so that a bird can excavate a nesting tunnel into the nesting sediment layer through the bird access opening.

Patent Document 2 prepares a nesting soil compacted in a plastic container, and connects the opening end of the container to a bird access opening provided on the lining plate so that the bird is made of plastic. A bird nesting structure intended to allow a nesting tunnel to be excavated by itself on the soil in the container.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-24526 JP 2001-152428 A

  However, in the bird nesting structure constituted by the nest box and the plastic tube disclosed in Patent Document 1, the birds having the habit of drilling the nesting tunnel by themselves in the soil because of the plastic tube avoid the nesting, and the nesting effect is Have problems you can't expect.

  In addition, in the method of providing a nesting soil layer on the back of the lining plate provided in Patent Document 1, the [0015] states that “a clay soil that matches the customs and ecology of kingfishers prepared in advance is properly compacted. As described, the soil suitable for the nesting is prepared in advance, and the soil is spread in a certain thickness in the direction of the retaining wall, and the entire layer is compacted. It has a problem that complicated work is required and the construction cost is high.

  In addition, the entire nesting soil layer has a problem that the function as the nesting sediment layer is impaired by excessively sinking and collapsing due to the load of the covering construction soil covering the upper surface and generating cracks.

  In addition, the nesting structure of Patent Document 2 is a plastic container, and thus has the problem that the birds having the habit of drilling a burrow by themselves in the soil avoid the nesting.

  In addition, the nesting soil in the plastic container has a problem that mold, extreme drying, etc. occur and damage the nesting environment.

  The present invention provides a bird nesting structure in a retaining wall that effectively solves the problems of the nesting structure disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 above.

  In short, the present invention provides a bird's exit opening through a lining plate that forms a retaining wall, and on the other hand, compacts nesting soil to form a nesting soil column, Embedded in the covering soil on the back side of the board so that the peripheral surface and the rear end surface thereof are in contact with the covering soil, the front end surface facing the covering plate of the nesting earth pillar is the back side opening surface of the bird entry / exit opening A bird nesting structure having an exposed structure facing the surface is provided.

  Further, the present invention embeds the nesting earth pillar in the covering earth on the back surface of the lining plate so that the peripheral surface and the rear end face except the upper face are in contact with the covering earth, and the upper surface of the nesting earth pillar is water-stopped. A bird nesting structure in a retaining wall that is covered with a board or a water-stopping layer and has a structure in which the front end surface facing the lining board of the nesting earth pillar is exposed facing the opening surface on the back side of the bird entry / exit opening is provided. To do.

  In the tail arme method, one or a plurality of the above-described bird access openings are provided in an arbitrary cover plate that covers the covering soil.

  Alternatively, in the geotextile method, a lining plate is disposed at an appropriate position of a retaining wall composed of a lining mesh covering the covering construction soil and a lining bar mat, and one or more bird access openings are provided in the lining plate. .

  As an example of the embodiment in the bird nesting structure, the upper surface of the nesting earth pillar has an arched surface or a flowing roof surface shape composed of an inclined surface.

  As an embodiment of the bird nesting structure, the outside of the nesting soil column is formed of strong compacted soil, and the inside is formed of weakly compacted soil.

  In the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall, a nesting soil column formed by compacting soil in a local part corresponding to the bird access opening and penetrating through the lining plate forming the retaining wall is buried naked.

  Therefore, the problem that the entire nesting sediment layer in Patent Document 1 is subsidized and collapsed by the load of the upper soil is prevented as much as possible. It also facilitates the installation work of the nesting structure and reduces the construction cost.

  In addition, it is possible to provide an environment suitable for excavation of a nesting tunnel by forming a nesting earth pillar to a required thickness and length without being limited to the inner diameter of the plastic container in Patent Document 2, and avoiding nesting by plastic pipes and plastic containers Can solve the problem.

  In addition, the flow slope on the upper surface of the nesting soil column guides the rainwater to the periphery of the soil column, effectively prevents rainwater from entering the nesting tunnel, and keeps the nesting environment healthy.

  In addition, by covering the upper surface of the soil column for nesting with a water stop plate or water stop layer, the intrusion of rainwater and tree roots is shielded and the nesting environment is kept healthy.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

<Embodiment of the nesting soil pillar 5 ... See FIGS. 8 to 10>
As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the nesting earth pillar 5 is an earth pillar formed by compacting soil suitable for nesting, and the earth pillar is shaped into a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape, a saddle shape, or the like.

  Nesting soil pillars 5 such as the above-mentioned prismatic shape, columnar shape or bowl shape use a mold, and the mold is filled with nesting-suitable soil and uniformly compacted as a whole.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the nesting soil pillar 5 having a prismatic shape, a columnar shape, or a saddle shape is formed with a compacted soil 5 'on the outside, and the inside is a compression suitable for self-excavation of birds. Formed with weakly compacted soil 5 "compacted by force. In other words, the compacted soil 5" is inserted into the hollow column body formed of the strongly compacted soil 5 ', and the compacted soil 5' and weakly compacted It is assumed to be a composite column of soil 5 ″.

  As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the nesting earth pillar 5 is formed into a bowl shape with the upper surface 5c being a flow roof surface composed of an arched surface, or the upper surface 5c is composed of a single flow slope or a double flow slope. Make a face. Alternatively, the nesting earth pillar 5 is formed in a prismatic shape as shown in FIG. 2, and its upper surface 5c is flat. The front end face 5a and the rear end face 5b of each nesting earth pillar 5 are flat.

  The nesting soil pillar 5 is not covered with a container or a nest box, in other words, is not accommodated in the container and is buried in the covering soil 2 without being covered. That is, the peripheral surface (the upper surface 5c, the side surface 5d, and the bottom surface 5e) excluding the front end surface 5a facing the lining plate 1 and the rear end surface 5b are embedded and placed laterally.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the upper surface 5c of the nesting soil pillar 5 is covered with a water stop plate or water stop layer 7 in contact with the upper surface 5c and embedded in the covering construction soil 2. That is, the top surface 5c of the nesting earth pillar 5 is formed into a bowl shape with an arched surface or a cylindrical shape, and the top surface 5c is covered with a water blocking plate or a water blocking layer 7.

  In the first to fourth embodiments described below, the waterstop plate or waterstop layer 7 generates rainwater in the nesting tunnel 12 while generating an environment in which most of the nesting soil pillars 5 are in contact with the covering soil 2. While effectively preventing infiltration, the roots of the plant are effectively prevented from rooting in the nesting soil pillar 5, that is, in the nesting tunnel 12.

  The nesting earth pillar 5 can be formed in a prismatic shape, and an upper surface 5c formed of a plane can be covered with a water stop plate or a water stop layer 7.

  When the upper surface 5c of the nesting earth pillar 5 is an arched surface, the water blocking plate 7 is covered with an arched metal plate or an arched synthetic resin plate in contact with the arched surface.

  Further, when the upper surface 5c of the nesting earth pillar 5 is a flat surface, the water blocking plate 7 is covered with a flat metal plate or a flat synthetic resin plate in contact with the flat surface.

  Further, when the upper surface 5c of the nesting earth pillar 5 having the above-described composite structure is a single-flow slope or a double-flow slope, the water stop plate 7 is a metal plate or a synthetic resin plate having a shape synchronized with the both slopes.

  These water blocking plates 7 are integrally bonded to the upper surface of the earth pillar 5 via an adhesive, or simply placed.

  Moreover, it can replace with the water stop board 7, and can apply the water stop material to the upper surface 5c of the soil column 5 for nesting, and can provide the water stop layer 7. FIG.

<First Embodiment: See FIGS. 1 to 3>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the covering surface is covered with a lining plate 1 represented by a number of concrete panels 1a to form a substantially vertical retaining wall. Each lining plate 1 has a structure that engages with each other in terms of thickness, and has a structure in which each lining plate 1 is pulled by a traction material 3 that extends behind the lining plate 1 embedded in the covering soil 2. . This method is called the tail arme method.

  Covering soil to be covered with the lining plate 1 in the covering slab 2 on the back surface of the lining plate 1 is formed by penetrating a bird entry / exit opening 4 in the lining plate 1 forming the retaining wall. 2 (including the backing material 2a), the nesting soil pillar 5 formed by compacting the nesting suitability soil is buried naked, that is, the nesting soil pillar 5 is covered with the covering soil on the back of the lining board 1 2 is embedded so that the peripheral surfaces 5c, 5d, 5e and the rear end surface 5b are in contact with the covering soil 2, and the peripheral surface of the front end surface 5a facing the covering plate 1 of the nesting soil pillar 5 is covered with the covering plate. The front end face 5a is exposed so as to face the back face side opening face of the bird entrance / exit opening 4 in a substantially abutting state on the back face of 1.

  Alternatively, the top surface 5c of the nesting earth pillar 5 is covered with the water blocking plate or the water stopping layer 7, and the peripheral surface of the front end face 5a facing the lining board 1 of the nesting earth pillar 5 is substantially on the back surface of the lining board 1. The front end face 5a is exposed to face the opening face on the back side of the bird entry / exit opening 4 in the contact state.

  The bird entrance / exit opening 4 is set to have a larger opening diameter than the maximum diameter nesting tunnel 12 with reference to a bird (Yamasemi) excavating the maximum diameter nesting tunnel 12.

  On the other hand, the thickness of the nesting soil pillar 5 is made larger than the size of the bird entrance / exit opening 4, and the peripheral surface of the front end surface 5 a of the nesting soil pillar 5 is the peripheral surface (opening portion) of the opening / closing opening 4. It is brought into contact with the surrounding lining plate 1 surface).

  In other words, the nesting soil pillar 5 is made the same thickness in the entire length, and at the same time, the vertical and horizontal widths are made larger than the diameter of the back side opening of the bird entrance opening 4, and the circumference of the front end surface 5 a of the nesting soil pillar 5 is increased. The surface is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the opening on the back side of the bird entrance / exit opening 4 (the surface of the lining plate 1 around the opening).

  Therefore, a bird (kingfisher) excavating the smallest diameter nesting tunnel can also excavate the nesting tunnel 12 and can be shared.

  The configuration related to the bird entrance opening 4 described above can also be implemented in the second to fourth embodiments described below.

  In the present invention, gravel such as earth and sand or quarry generated on the site can be backed on the back surface of the lining board 1, and this backing material 2 a is also referred to as covering soil 2, This includes the case where the nesting soil pillar 5 is buried and laid sideways.

  FIG. 2 shows an example in which a prismatic nesting soil column 5 is embedded, and FIG. 3 shows an example in which a cage-shaped nesting soil column 5 is embedded.

<Second Embodiment: See FIGS. 4 and 5>
The front surface of the covering construction soil 2 is covered with a lining net 8, and the front surface of the front covering lining net 8 is covered with a front bar arrangement mat 9 which is a grid assembly, and extends from the front arrangement bar 9 into the covering construction soil 2. The front reinforcement mat 9 and the front lining net 8 are fastened with the assembled embedded reinforcement mat 10, and a vegetation mat 11 is arranged on the back of the front lining net 8. A retaining wall is formed so that it can thrive, or without using the front reinforcing mat 9 and the embedded reinforcing mat 10, the embedded net is extended into the covering soil 2 from the upper and lower ends of the front lining net 8 and covered. The construction soil 2 is surrounded by a net, and a vegetation mat 11 is arranged on the back of the net to form a retaining wall that allows plants to grow from the front. A retaining wall is formed by a so-called geotextile method, and the bird nesting structure according to the present invention is formed on the retaining wall.

  More specifically, a window that is not covered with a net or a reinforcing mat is formed at an appropriate position in front of the retaining wall formed by the geotextile method, and the concrete panel 1a shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is represented in the window. A lining plate 1 is disposed, a bird access opening 4 is provided through the lining plate 1 forming the retaining wall, and the nesting soil pillar 5 is placed in the covering soil 2 on the back surface of the lining plate 1. Are embedded so that the peripheral surfaces 5c, 5d, 5e and the rear end surface 5b are in contact with the covering soil 2, and the peripheral surface of the front end surface 5a facing the covering plate 1 of the nesting soil column 5 is The front end surface 5a is exposed to the back side opening surface of the bird entrance / exit opening 4 in a substantially abutting state on the back side.

  Alternatively, the nesting earth pillar 5 is embedded in the covering earth 2 on the back surface of the lining board 1 so that the peripheral surfaces 5d and 5e except the upper surface 5c and the rear end face 5b are in contact with the covering earth 2. 5 is covered with the water stop plate or the water stop layer 7, and the peripheral surface of the front end surface 5a facing the cover plate 1 of the nesting earth pillar 5 is substantially in contact with the back surface of the cover plate 1. The front end face 5a is exposed so as to face the back side opening face of the bird entrance / exit opening 4 described above.

  FIG. 4 shows a case where the single lining plate 1 having a large area is disposed at an appropriate position on the front surface of the retaining wall formed by the geotextile method and the nesting structure is formed.

  FIG. 5 shows a case where a plurality of concrete panels 1a are arranged at appropriate positions on the front surface of the retaining wall formed by the geotextile method to form the lining plate 1 and the nesting structure is formed. The plurality of concrete panels 1 a form a single lining plate 1. For example, a warrior return structure in which the lower side of each concrete panel 1a forming the lining plate 1 projects forward to prevent the entry of external enemies such as snakes.

  The bird entrance / exit opening 4 is provided in any one of the concrete panels 1a of the warrior return structure, and the nesting soil pillar 5 is embedded.

  In the present invention, gravel such as earth and sand or quarry generated on the site can be backed on the back of the lining net 8, and this backing material 2 a is also referred to as covering soil 2, and this backing material 2 a This includes the case where the nesting soil pillar 5 is buried and laid sideways.

<Third embodiment: See FIG. 6>
As shown in FIG. 6, concrete blocks 1b having a large number of backfill chambers 6 are stacked up and down on the coating surface to form a retaining wall having a constant elevation gradient. In the present invention, the front wall of the concrete block 1b is referred to as a lining plate 1. The backfill chamber 6 is filled with gravel such as earth and sand generated on site. That is, the backing material 2a is backed up.

  A bird entry / exit opening 4 is provided through the front wall of the lining plate 1 that forms the retaining wall, that is, the concrete block 1 b, so that the lining plate 1 is covered with the covering soil 2 on the back surface of the lining plate 1. The nesting soil pillar 5 formed by compacting the nesting-suitable soil in the covering soil 2 (including the backing material 2a) is buried naked, that is, the nesting soil pillar 5 is laid on the lining. A front end face of the nesting earth pillar 5 that is embedded in the covering earth 2 on the back surface of the board 1 so that the peripheral surfaces 5c, 5d, 5e and the rear end face 5b are in contact with the covering earth 2. The peripheral surface of 5a is substantially in contact with the back surface of the lining plate 1, and the front end surface 5a is exposed to the back surface side opening surface of the bird entry / exit opening 4.

  Alternatively, the nesting earth pillar 5 is embedded in the covering earth 2 on the back surface of the lining board 1 so that the peripheral surfaces 5d and 5e except the upper surface 5c and the rear end face 5b are in contact with the covering earth 2. 5 is covered with the water stop plate or the water stop layer 7, and the peripheral surface of the front end surface 5a facing the cover plate 1 of the nesting earth pillar 5 is substantially in contact with the back surface of the cover plate 1. The front end face 5a is exposed so as to face the back side opening face of the bird entrance / exit opening 4 described above.

  The nesting soil pillar 5 is embedded in the backing material 2a filled in the backfilling chamber 6, and the rear end portion thereof is embedded in the covering soil 2 that forms the original ground. As described above, this backing material 2a and the original ground are referred to as covering soil 2.

<Fourth embodiment: See FIG. 7>
As shown in FIG. 7, in the relatively low-profile retaining wall, a large L-shaped concrete block 1b is installed on the foundation concrete to form a retaining wall that covers the covering surface.

  In the present invention, the front wall of the L-shaped concrete block 1b is referred to as a lining plate 1. The back surface of the lining plate 1 is filled with gravel such as earth and sand, crushed stone, etc. generated in the field. That is, the backing material 2a is backed up.

  A bird entry / exit opening 4 is provided through the front wall of the lining plate 1 that forms the retaining wall, that is, the concrete block 1 b, so that the lining plate 1 is covered with the covering soil 2 on the back surface of the lining plate 1. The nesting soil pillar 5 formed by compacting the nesting-suitable soil in the covering soil 2 (including the backing material 2a) is buried naked, that is, the nesting soil pillar 5 is laid on the lining. A front end face of the nesting earth pillar 5 that is embedded in the covering earth 2 on the back surface of the board 1 so that the peripheral surfaces 5c, 5d, 5e and the rear end face 5b are in contact with the covering earth 2. The peripheral surface of 5a is substantially in contact with the back surface of the lining plate 1, and the front end surface 5a is exposed to the back surface side opening surface of the bird entry / exit opening 4.

  Alternatively, the nesting earth pillar 5 is embedded in the covering earth 2 on the back surface of the lining board 1 so that the peripheral surfaces 5d and 5e except the upper surface 5c and the rear end face 5b are in contact with the covering earth 2. 5 is covered with the water stop plate or the water stop layer 7, and the peripheral surface of the front end surface 5a facing the cover plate 1 of the nesting earth pillar 5 is substantially in contact with the back surface of the cover plate 1. The front end face 5a is exposed so as to face the back side opening face of the bird entrance / exit opening 4 described above.

  The nesting soil pillar 5 has its front end embedded in the backing material 2a, and its rear end embedded in the covering soil 2 forming the original ground. As described above, this backing material 2a and the original ground are referred to as covering soil 2.

  The nesting soil pillar 5 buried as described above is brought into an environment in contact with the covering soil 2 on the entire peripheral surface or the entire peripheral surface except the upper surface, and the front end surface 5a of the nesting soil pillar 5 exposed in the bird access opening 4 is provided. The nesting action of excavating the nesting tunnel 12 from the inside to the inside can be effectively induced.

  That is, in the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall using each nesting earth pillar 5 described above, it is possible to provide a nesting environment suitable for birds nesting by digging a nesting tunnel by itself on the cliff, such as kingfisher, kingfisher, and swallow. It is possible to effectively solve the problem of nesting evasion caused by a nest box, a plastic tube, or a plastic container that inhibits the breeding of these birds.

  Moreover, the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall can be formed in a short construction period and at low cost.

Sectional drawing at the time of implementing the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall which concerns on this invention in the retaining wall formed by the tail arme construction method. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which a prismatic nesting column is embedded in the retaining wall of FIG. 1. Sectional drawing which shows embodiment which embed | buried the bowl-shaped nesting pillar in the retaining wall of the said FIG. A is sectional drawing at the time of implementing the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall based on this invention in the retaining wall formed by the geotextile construction method, B is the same front view. Sectional drawing which shows the other example at the time of implementing the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall which concerns on this invention in the retaining wall formed by the geotextile construction method. Sectional drawing which shows the case where the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall which concerns on this invention is implemented in the retaining wall formed with the concrete block which has a back chamber. Sectional drawing which shows the case where the bird nesting structure in the retaining wall which concerns on this invention is implemented in the retaining wall formed with the L-shaped concrete block. A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a soil column for nesting, and B is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof. A is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a nesting clay pillar, and B is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof. A is a cross-sectional view showing still another example of a nesting earth pillar, and B is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Lining board, 1a ... Concrete panel, 1b ... Concrete block, 2 ... Covering soil, 2a ... Backing material, 3 ... Traction material, 4 ... Bird entry / exit opening, 5 ... Nest soil pillar, 5 '... Strong Compacted soil, 5 "... weakly compacted soil, 5a ... front end surface, 5b ... rear end surface, 5c ... upper surface, 5d ... side surface, 5e ... bottom surface, 6 ... backfill chamber, 7 ... water stop plate or water stop layer, 8 ... Front lining net, 9 ... Front reinforcement mat, 10 ... Embedded reinforcement mat, 11 ... Vegetation mat, 12 ... Nest tunnel

Claims (4)

Nesting soil pillars are formed by penetrating bird access openings in the lining board that forms the retaining wall, and the nesting suitability soil is compacted, and the nesting earth pillars are coated on the back of the lining board. It was embedded so that the peripheral surface and the rear end surface were in contact with the covering soil, and the front end surface facing the lining plate of the nesting soil pillar was exposed facing the back side opening surface of the bird entry / exit opening. A bird nesting structure in a retaining wall. Nesting soil pillars are formed by penetrating bird access openings in the lining board that forms the retaining wall, and the nesting suitability soil is compacted, and the nesting earth pillars are coated on the back of the lining board. The front end of the nesting soil pillar is buried so that the peripheral surface and the rear end surface except the upper surface are in contact with the covering soil, and the top surface of the nesting soil pillar is covered with a waterstop or waterstop layer, and the nesting soil pillar is opposed to the lining plate. A bird nesting structure in a retaining wall, wherein the surface is exposed to face the opening side on the back side of the bird access opening. The bird nesting structure in the retaining wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top surface of the nesting earth pillar has an arch-shaped surface or a flow roof surface shape composed of an inclined surface. The bird nesting structure in a retaining wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outside of the nesting soil column is formed of strong compacted soil, and the interior thereof is formed of weakly compacted soil.

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