JP4054840B2 - Vertical axis drive device such as vertical axis wind turbine and power generation device using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vertical axis drive device (vertical axis wind turbine / water turbine) that is rotationally driven by an air current or a water flow, and a power generation device using the same.

In recent years, wind energy has become increasingly important as a global environmental problem, and has come to the spotlight as clean energy, and various wind turbines are being developed and researched. Among these wind turbines, drag type vertical axis wind turbines do not require wind direction control, and are less affected by the environment, such as noise, landscape effects, and intermittent blocking of solar radiation, compared to propeller type horizontal axis wind turbines. It is suitable for installation as a small-scale power generator on a general household or on the roof of a building. However, the drag type vertical axis wind turbine has a large torque, but has a low rotation speed and low energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, it is not practically used except for the Savonius type, and is hardly used especially for power generation.
In order to utilize the above advantages of drag type vertical axis wind turbines for small-scale power generation facilities, etc., it is essential to improve the output, and the Savonius type most practically used among drag type vertical axis wind turbines. Several improvements have been proposed for wind turbines.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-62813 discloses a system in which a fixed blade is installed outside a rotor blade of a Savonius-type windmill to introduce more wind into the rotor blade and reduce the resistance of the rotor blade due to the wind. Has been.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-289150 discloses a method for improving and stabilizing the output by adjusting the flow of wind by installing one or a plurality of movable rotatable reflectors outside the Savonius type windmill body. Has been.

However, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-62813, in which the stationary blades are arranged close to the outside of the Savonius-type windmill, a part of the airflow flowing from the stationary blades is caused by the rear surface of the rotor blade (progress Colliding with the direction side surface) and generating a force that prevents rotation. On the other hand, when the reflector is arranged away from the rotor blade as described in JP-A-2001-289150, the size of the entire apparatus is significantly larger than the diameter of the windmill.
Also, in the Savonius type windmill, when the overlapping part of the semi-cylindrical rotor blades is small, if the peripheral speed ratio decreases due to an increase in load, airflow stagnation occurs on the front surface of the rotor blades (surface on the wind receiving side), It exerts a force that impedes rotation on the upstream rotor blade. To avoid this, if the overlapping part of the rotor blades is increased, the rotor blades become larger than the windmill diameter, and negative factors such as an increase in the weight of the rotor blades occur.
In this way, when the Savonius type is used as the rotor blade, it is difficult to effectively convert the rectified airflow that is blocked and collected by the fixed blade to the rotational force, and it is difficult to increase the output significantly. There was a problem of being. For example, in the case of the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-289150, two reflectors having a width of 1/2 of the windmill diameter are installed on the upstream side of the Savonius type windmill, and the position and angle thereof are adjusted optimally. However, the increase in the output is about 50% at the maximum, and the substantial increase in the output is not so large considering the fact that the overall size of the apparatus is increased by installing the reflector.
In the case of a drag type vertical axis wind turbine, the position and angle of the reflector installed outside the Savonius type wind turbine is electrically controlled as a method for automatically controlling the rotation speed and preventing the wind turbine from being damaged during strong winds. Although the method is disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, there is a problem that the power is required for movement and rotation of the reflector, a motor, a wind direction detection unit, a wind speed detection unit, a control device, and the like, which complicates the device.
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve these problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide a significantly larger output than the Savonius type wind turbine that has been most practically used among vertical axis wind turbines in the past. (Particularly at high loads), and by controlling the rotation, the wind turbine can be automatically prevented from being damaged without external power during strong winds, and a power generator using the same To provide.
In addition, as a device using natural energy such as wind energy, a water turbine is also conventionally used as a device using a water flow in addition to a wind turbine. In the case of a water turbine, like a wind turbine, it is required to use a water flow efficiently, and there is a similar problem as a water wheel using a sea current or tide.
In the present specification, the term “vertical axis driving device” is used as a device for obtaining a vertical axis rotational force by utilizing natural energy such as airflow or water flow.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement.
That is, in the vertical shaft drive device in which the four rotary blades are arranged uniformly in the circumferential direction of the central axis and can be moved around the central axis, each rotary blade includes a flat blade , and the direction non-parallel blade surface of the blade, are formed in non-parallel biplane plate form secondary blades of the flat plate-shaped are arranged, rotary blade of said each of the relative radial direction around the central axis The blades are arranged so that the directions of the blade surfaces are obliquely arranged, and the blades are arranged so that the virtual extension surfaces of the respective blade surfaces are perpendicular to the blade surfaces of the rotor blades adjacent to each other in the rotation direction. provided said blade, as the air flow or water flow was turned flow collides with the blade impinges on the adjacent blades in the rotational direction, and flows out by pressing in the direction of rotation of said adjacent blades, blade Since the inner edge of the blade and the adjacent blade surface are separated from each other, the airflow colliding with the blade collides with the blade of the adjacent rotor blade again at an angle of 90 °, and the airflow or water flow is efficiently Ru can be used. It rotor blades of said each by provided in non-parallel biplane plate shape, to increase the total area of the blade can increase the utilization efficiency of the fluid kinetic energy, to obtain a large output Output performance at high loads. One or a plurality of sub-blades are provided in an arrangement to prevent the generation of force in the direction opposite to the rotation, at the rear (traveling direction side) or front (wind receiving side) of the blade formed in a flat plate shape.
Further, by setting the angle β between the direction of the surface of the blade and the direction of the surface passing through the central axis and the central position in the width direction of the blade to 30 to 45 degrees, the output of the vertical axis driving device is Can be effectively enlarged.
Further, the equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis 4 of the rotor blades, in the vertical-axis drive unit which is provided to be circularly moved around the central axis, rotor blades of said each of the concave face plate shaped blades , Each of the rotor blades is formed in a non-parallel biplane concave plate shape in which a concave plate-shaped sub-blade is arranged non-parallel to the direction of the blade surface, which is a plane direction connecting the leading edges of the blades. , rotary wing with respect to the radial direction around the central axis, with the direction of the plane of the front Kivu blade is provided arranged to obliquely intersect, the imaginary extension surface of the surface of each blade, which are adjacent in the direction of rotation The blades are arranged so as to be orthogonal to the plane of the blades of the blades, and the blades provided on each of the rotor blades collide with the blades and the airflow or water flow that turns the flow collides with the blades adjacent in the rotation direction, Turn the adjacent blade Since the inner end edge of the blade and the adjacent blade surface are disposed so as to flow out by pressing in the direction, a larger output can be obtained as compared with the conventional drag type vertical axis wind turbine. Ru can be obtained as the vertical-axis drive unit.
One or a plurality of secondary blades are provided in an arrangement to prevent the generation of a force in the direction opposite to the rotation, at the rear (traveling direction side) or the front (wind receiving side) of the blade formed in a concave plate shape.
Further, by setting the angle β between the direction of the surface of the blade and the direction of the surface passing through the central axis and the center position in the width direction of the surface of the blade, the output of the vertical axis driving device is Can be effectively enlarged.
In addition, there is a fixed wing portion in which a plurality of guide vanes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the cylinder portion around which the four rotor blades circulate to rectify an airflow or a water flow and guide the airflow to the rotor blades. By being provided, the rotational driving force by the fluid can be obtained more efficiently.
In addition, it is effective for obtaining an efficient output that the angle α formed by each guide vane and the tangential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the cylinder portion is set to 40 degrees.
Further, the rectifying plate for rectifying and introducing the fluid flowing into the fixed wing portion into the fixed wing portion is provided in the fixed wing portion at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction. The upper and lower disks are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the blade, and a rectifying plate formed in the shape of a disk having the same shape as the upper and lower disks is attached to the blade in parallel with the upper and lower disks. The provided rectifying plate is provided such that the height position of the inner end portion coincides with the rectifying plate provided on the rotary blade. The output can be effectively increased by rectifying the fluid by the rectifying plate and colliding with the blade.
Also, a support arm that rotates integrally with the central axis extends from the central axis, and a planetary shaft that supports a central position in the width direction of the blade is attached to the support arm, and the rotation of the rotating blades When the speed exceeds a certain speed, the blade is rotated about the planetary axis according to the rotational speed, and the angle formed by the direction of the blade surface with respect to the radial direction centered on the central axis is increased, By providing a rotation control device that reduces the drag acting on the blades and suppresses the rotation speed of the rotor blades, it is possible to control the rotational speed of the rotor blades and prevent breakage during strong winds.
Further, as the power generation device, the vertical axis drive device is provided, and the rotational force of the central shaft is provided in cooperation with the power generation device. As a result, it can be provided as a small and practical power generator that can be installed on a general home or on the roof of a building. In addition to the power generation device, the present invention can be used for power of a wind ship, aeration device in a sewage treatment plant, power of a stirring device, power of pumping water to a dam lake, and the like.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the rotary blade, the fixed blade portion, and the rotation control device included in the vertical axis drive device of the present invention will be described in more detail . The vertical axis driving device is generally installed with the central axis oriented in the vertical direction, but it can also be installed with the central axis inclined appropriately from the vertical direction depending on the installation location. In the following description, the wind turbine will be mainly described, but the same structure can be applied to a water turbine.

(1) Arrangement of rotor blades In a vertical axis wind turbine using a drag of a conventional paddle type, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the blade is in the direction of its surface (the plane connecting between the leading edges of the blades). The direction is referred to as the direction of the blade surface) (radial arrangement) in the same direction as the radial direction about the central axis.
On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 8 (a), the blade surface direction of each rotor blade is arranged obliquely (angle β) with respect to the radial direction centering on the central axis. The rotor blades are arranged so as to intersect the front surface of the adjacent blade when the blade surface is extended (multi-point intersection type arrangement). In particular, when four rotor blades are arranged in a multipoint crossing shape, the extension of each blade surface is arranged perpendicular to the blade surface of the adjacent rotor blade (FIG. 8A), and the efficiency of airflow utilization Is the maximum. That is, as shown in FIG. 9 (d), in the case of the multi-point intersection arrangement, the airflow that collides with the blade and turns the flow in the central axis direction collides with the blade adjacent in the rotation direction, and the windmill Repeatedly collides with the blade many times until it flows out, and each time a rotating force is given to the rotor blade, so a large output can be obtained (multiple impact effect). On the other hand, FIGS. 9A to 9C are examples in which the blades are arranged in a radial manner. In this case, the airflow that collides with the blade does not collide with the adjacent blade, or multiple collisions occur. The action is small, and the output of the windmill is small compared to the present invention.
In addition, when the width of the blade (string length) and the distance between the blades are the same as those in the radial arrangement, the diameter of the rotor blade is smaller in the present invention than in the radial arrangement, and the apparatus can be downsized. it can. FIG. 9C shows a radial arrangement, and FIG. 9D shows a multipoint intersection arrangement.
In addition, the Savonius type, which has been most practically used in vertical axis wind turbines, has hitherto been made by placing a fixed wing on the outside of the rotor blade and causing the collected and rectified airflow to collide with the multipoint cross-section rotor blade. Compared with a windmill, a significantly larger output can be obtained, and a stable output can be obtained even when the wind direction fluctuates severely.

(2) Realization method of multi-point crossing type arrangement To realize multi-point crossing type arrangement, a support arm in which planetary axes arranged at equal intervals on the circumference centered on the central axis are fixed to the central axis. The blade is fixed to the planetary shaft, and the blade surface direction is set to a predetermined angle with respect to the surface passing through the center of the blade and the central axis. As shown in FIG. 8A, when the angle formed by the blade surface with respect to the plane passing through the blade and the central axis (radial direction centered on the central axis) is β, when β is 0 degree, the conventional type is used. (Radial arrangement).

(3) About the fixed wings The fixed wings were installed above and below the guide vanes and the guide vanes arranged around the outer periphery of the moving area of the rotary vanes provided so as to be able to move around the central axis. Consists of inclined plates.
The guide blades are arranged so as to make a certain angle α (around 40 degrees is efficient as shown in FIG. 12) with respect to the tangent of the outer periphery of the rotor blade, and the rotor blade rotates in the direction opposite to the wind direction. For the region, the wind is shielded from the rotor blades, and the rotating direction of the rotor blades is guided to the same region as the wind direction. The fixed wing part has the effect of rectifying the airflow according to such wind shielding and wind collecting effects, and is stronger than the case where the wind turbine is simply installed in the atmosphere without providing the fixed wing part. The rectified airflow can collide with the rotor blades.
In addition, the inclined plates installed above and below the guide blades act so as to guide the wind flowing into the fixed blade from above or below the rotor blades to the blades, thereby contributing to the improvement of the rotational force of the rotor blades.
In addition, as a method of installing the fixed blade portion, a method in which the guide blade 30 is rotatably supported to be opened and closed and the angle is adjusted and fixed, a method in which the guide blade 30 is fitted and fixed to the inclined plates 32a and 32b, and a guide blade. The system etc. which fix 30 with a screw | thread can be utilized.

(4) Structure of rotor blade part The rotor blade part has a structure that satisfies both the following conditions 1) and 2).
1) In order to introduce all the airflow flowing in from the fixed wing part into the rotation area (cylinder part) of the rotor blade and increase the collision rate with the blade, the distance from the inner end face position of the fixed blade part is made as narrow as possible. Collision rate structure.
2) In order to prevent the airflow that has changed direction by colliding with the blade from staying in front of the blade and exerting a force in the direction opposite to the rotation direction on the rotor blade on the windward side, to some extent between the rotor blades on the central axis side A non-retaining structure that provides an interval. These structures are conceptually shown in FIG.
In the case of a high collision rate structure as in 1) above, in order to prevent stagnation at the front surface of the rotor blade, it is necessary for the airflow that collided with the blade to pass between the rotor blade and rotor blade. is there.

(5) About the shape of a rotor blade The rotor blade can be selected from various shapes such as the following 1) to 4).
1): Flat plate shape, 2): Non-parallel biplane plate shape, 3): Shallow dish (small curvature) concave plate shape, 4): Non-parallel biplane concave plate shape These rotations are shown in FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (d). The wing shape is shown. 10A is a flat plate shape, FIG. 10B is a non-parallel biplane plate shape, FIG. 10C is a shallow plate (small curvature) concave plate shape, and FIG. 10D is a non-parallel biplane concave plate shape. It is an example. Of the configurations of these rotor blades, the shape of the rotor blade that provides the highest output is a non-parallel double leaf concave plate shape.
As shown in FIG. 10 (b), the non-parallel biplane-shaped rotor blade is provided with one or more sub blades P2 on the advancing direction side (or the wind receiving side) of the blade P1 and non-parallel thereto. Accordingly, the total wind receiving area is increased while preventing the force opposite to the rotation direction from acting on the rotor blades, and the air flow utilization efficiency and the rectification function are improved.
Further, it is efficient to make the distance between the front end edges of the blade P1 and the auxiliary blade P2 coincide with the distance between the guide vanes of the fixed wing. In the example shown in FIG. 10 (e), the arrangement and orientation of the blades are set so that a: b = a ′: b ′, thereby preventing a force in the direction opposite to the rotation direction from being generated on the rotor blade. However, the arrangement improves the utilization efficiency of the airflow.
By making the rotor blades into a non-parallel biplane plate shape, the airflow flowing in from the fixed blades can pass through and out of the cylinder part without colliding with the blades, thereby improving the efficiency of airflow utilization. be able to. Further, by allowing the airflow to pass between the biplanes, the airflow can be rectified and guided to the downstream rotor blade, thereby generating a large collision force and increasing the output. The non-parallel biplane is particularly effective when the distance between the rotor blades is large in a large windmill.
Shallow-plate (small curvature) concave plate-shaped rotor blades have a curved surface that is smaller than the semi-cylindrical rotor blades used in paddle-type wind turbines or Savonius-type wind turbines. This is a type of rotor blade designed to prevent a force in the direction opposite to the rotation direction from colliding with the convex side of a cylindrical rotor blade. FIG. 10 shows a rotating blade with a curved plate as an example, but it is also possible to use a blade having a concave surface formed by a combination of flat plates.

(6) Relationship between Blade Angle and Windmill Output FIG. 11 shows the result of measuring the relationship between the angle β of the rotor blades and the windmill output of the multiple collision type windmill according to the present invention. In the experiment, in the case of a flat plate shape having four rotating blades arranged around the central axis shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b) and a non-parallel biplane plate shape, a shallow dish concave plate in FIG. 10 (c) Measurements were made for a semi-cylindrical shape instead of the shape, and for a general two-blade Savonius shape (overlap ratio: 0.5).
FIG. 11 shows measurement results when the blade mounting angle β is changed and a constant load that prevents rotation of the windmill is changed to 1, 2, and 3.5 times as a relative value and applied to the central axis. Each of the semi-cylindrical shape, flat plate shape, and non-parallel biplane shape is a measurement result in a state where a fixed blade portion (length of guide blade 30 = rotor blade diameter / 3, the same applies hereinafter) is attached. The blade attachment angle β is an angle (shown in FIG. 3) formed by a radial direction centered on the central axis and a surface connecting the front edges of the blade.
According to the measurement, the wind turbine output has the greatest dependence on the blade mounting angle β for the non-parallel biplane plate, and the angle dependence has the least for the semi-cylindrical shape. In the case of these two types of blades, the output was highest when the blade mounting angle β was around 30 degrees, and in the case of a flat plate, the output was highest when it was 30 to 45 degrees. In any case, by setting the mounting angle β to an angle at which the output is increased, an output significantly larger than that of the Savonius type wind turbine was obtained.
FIG. 12 shows the change in wind turbine output when the mounting angle α of the guide vane 30 of the fixed wing portion is changed for the four types of rotor blades (flat plate shape, semi-cylindrical shape, non-parallel biplane plate shape, Savonius shape) described above. Indicates. The guide angle α of the guide blade refers to an angle (shown in FIG. 3) formed by the tangent to the outer periphery of the rotor blade and the guide blade.
FIG. 12 shows the ratio P of the output of each wind turbine to the output Ps of the Savonius type wind turbine (without fixed wings) when the wind speed is 3.0 m / sec and the blade mounting angle β is 30 degrees (Savonius type is 0 degree). It is a graph showing the result of having measured how / Ps is fluctuate | varied with the mounting angle (alpha) of a guide blade.
The measurement results in FIG. 12 indicate that the largest windmill output can be obtained when the guide blade mounting angle α is around 40 degrees.
13 and 14 show measurement results of wind turbine output when the blade attachment angle β of the rotor blade is 30 degrees and the guide blade attachment angle α of the stationary blade is 40 degrees. FIG. 13 shows four types of rotor blades (flat plate type). , Semi-cylindrical shape, non-parallel biplane plate shape, Savonius shape) shows the relationship between the peripheral speed ratio (speed of wind turbine blade tip / wind speed) λ and wind turbine output.
FIG. 14 shows the ratio P / Ps of the output of each wind turbine to the output Ps of a Savonius type wind turbine (without fixed blades). Six types of rotary blades (flat plate shape, semi-cylindrical shape, shallow dish concave plate shape, non-parallel biplane shape) , Non-parallel biplane concave plate type, Savonius type).
Although the measurement was performed twice, the value of the wind turbine was larger in the shallow plate concave plate type than in the flat plate type, and in the non-parallel biplane plate type than in the single plate type. Among the types of rotor blades, the largest wind turbine output can be obtained in the case of the non-parallel double leaf concave plate shape.

(7) Rotation Control Device As shown in FIG. 11, the output of the wind turbine changes depending on the blade mounting angle β of the rotor blade. Using this relationship, when the rotational speed of the rotor blades exceeds a certain speed, the angle formed by the blade surface with respect to the radial direction centered on the central axis is increased according to the rotational speed. The rotational speed of the rotor blade can be suppressed by reducing the acting drag. As a method of adjusting the angle of the blade surface, a method of adjusting the angle of the blade surface by a control device such as an electric motor, a method of using centrifugal force generated as the rotor blades rotate, or the like can be used. . The method using centrifugal force is effective in that the rotational energy of the windmill can be used as it is.
The blade attachment angle β is normally set to 30 to 45 degrees, but the rotation control device controls the blade attachment angle β to be larger than these initial set values when the wind speed becomes a certain level or more. FIG. 15 shows a case where the blade mounting angle β is 90 degrees. When the rotation control device is provided, the wind speed increases and the blade attachment angle β increases, approaching the arrangement shown in FIG. As a result, the drag acting on the blade decreases, so that the rotational speed is kept constant even when the wind speed increases. By providing the rotation control device, it is possible to prevent the windmill from being damaged when a strong wind blows.

Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a vertical axis driving device according to the present invention is applied to a vertical axis wind turbine will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an embodiment of a power generator using a vertical axis windmill, and FIG. 2 is a side view. The vertical axis wind turbine according to the present embodiment includes a cylinder part A in which the rotor blades are arranged so as to be able to go around, a fixed blade part B arranged in the outer periphery of the cylinder part A, and a rotation control device that controls the rotational speed of the rotor blades. C and the power generator unit D are the main components.
In the vertical axis wind turbine of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, four rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are arranged in the cylinder part A, and these rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are A support arm 14 fixed to the central shaft 12 is rotatably supported.
The support arm 14 is arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction around the central axis 12 and extends in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the central axis 12, and includes four rotating blades 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, 8 d. Are supported at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the central shaft 12.
FIG. 2 shows a configuration in which a planetary shaft 15 is rotatably provided on support arms 14 provided above and below the central shaft 12 and the rotor blades 8a and 8c are supported on the planetary shaft 15 at a central position in the width direction. The planetary shaft 15 that supports each rotor blade is provided at an equal distance from the central shaft 12. The same applies to the configuration in which the rotor blades 8b and 8d are supported on the planetary shaft 15.
Each of the rotary blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d includes a blade 10 and upper and lower disks 11a and 11b fixed to the upper and lower sides of the blade 10. In the present embodiment, the blade 10 is formed of a flat plate, but may be formed of a concave plate. Further, as described above, it is also possible to configure a rotating blade by supporting a plurality of blades in a non-parallel arrangement between the upper and lower disks 11a and 11b.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, the blades 10 of the rotary blades 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, and 8 d are arranged so that the direction of the surface forms an angle β with respect to the radial direction centering on the central axis 12.
As described above, as a method for supporting the direction of the surface of the blade 10 so as to form an angle β with respect to the radial direction centered on the central axis 12, in this embodiment, a planet is formed at the upper end of the planetary shaft 15 that supports the blade 10. The shaft bevel gear 16 is fixed, and the planetary shaft bevel gear 16 and a bevel gear 18a attached to one end of a bevel gear shaft 17 rotatably supported on the support arm 14 are meshed to define the direction of the surface of the blade 10. is doing.
When the blade 10 circulates around the central axis 12, it is necessary to set the direction of the surface so as to always have a predetermined angle with respect to the radial direction about the central axis 12. In this embodiment, the bevel gear 18b attached to the other end of the bevel gear shaft 17 is meshed with the blade control bevel gear 22 attached to the lower end of the blade control shaft 20 that is extrapolated to the upper part of the central shaft 12, and the blade control is always performed. By rotating the bevel gear 22 integrally with the central shaft 12, the direction of the surface of the blade 10 always moves around while maintaining the angle β.
As described above, the angle β formed by the direction of the surface of the blade 10 with respect to the radial direction about the central axis 12 is about 30 to 45 degrees in the case of a flat plate so that the highest rotational efficiency can be obtained. In the case of other than a flat plate, the angle is set to about 30 degrees. In this way, by setting the direction of the surface of the blade 10 to be at an angle with respect to the radial direction centered on the central axis, the multipoint intersection type that intersects with the adjacent rotor blades when the surface of the blade 10 is extended. It becomes the windmill of arrangement.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cylinder portion A in which the rotary blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d rotate is configured to shield the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder portion A by the upper plate 24, the bottom plate 25, the substrate 26, and the support column 27. It is supported. The upper plate 24 and the substrate 26 are formed in a disc shape, and the entire side surface portion is open.
On the outer periphery of the cylinder portion A sandwiched between the upper plate 24 and the substrate 26, there is provided a fixed wing portion B in which guide blades 30 formed in a flat plate shape are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. Reference numerals 32 a and 32 b denote inclined plates provided over the entire circumference of the upper plate 24 and the substrate 26. The inclined plates 32a and 32b are provided so as to introduce the air flowing into the stationary blades from above or below the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d into the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d. That is, in this embodiment, the wind receiving area (introduction area) wider than the wind receiving area corresponding to the height of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d can be obtained, so that the wind can be more efficiently generated. It can be imported.
The guide vanes 30 are provided so as to connect the upper plate 24 and the substrate 26 in the vertical direction, and act to take in the wind flowing into the apparatus windmill into the cylinder part A.
FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the guide vanes 30 in the embodiment. In the present embodiment, 16 guide blades 30 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the cylinder part A. Each guide blade 30 is arranged to form an angle of about 40 degrees with respect to the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the rotor blade (the tangential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the cylinder portion A). The arrangement in which the guide vanes 30 are inclined in this way is to collect airflow in the direction in which the rotor blades are rotated more efficiently with respect to the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d arranged in the cylinder portion. This is because it leads to That is, the airflow is guided in the direction in which the rotating blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d are rotated, and the airflow is not applied in the direction that impedes the rotation of the rotating blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d. It acts as a shield.
In the present embodiment, 16 guide vanes 30 are arranged, but the number of guide vanes 30 to be installed is not particularly limited, and depending on the size of the wind turbine, such as increasing when the wind turbine becomes larger. And the most efficient number.
The guide vane 30 has an action of rectifying the airflow in combination with a wind collecting action and a wind shielding action, and when the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d are simply installed in the atmosphere without providing the fixed blade portion. In comparison, stronger rectified airflow can collide with the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d, and the output of the windmill can be improved.
Further, the inclined plates 32a and 32b installed on the upper and lower sides of the guide vane 30 allow the wind flowing into the fixed vane from above or below the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d to the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d. It is guided and contributes to the rotation of the windmill.
In the right half of FIG. 2, an example in which the rectifying plate 33 is installed at a predetermined interval between the upper and lower inclined plates 32 a and 32 b of the fixed wing portion and the rectifying plate 13 is further installed on the rotary blade 8 c. Show. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state where the rectifying plate 13 is provided on the rotor blade. The rectifying plate 13 is formed in the shape of a disk having the same shape as the upper and lower disks 11a and 11b in such a manner that the blade 10 is sandwiched between the upper and lower disks 11a and 11b. The rectifying plate 33 provided in the fixed wing portion is provided so that the height position of the inner end portion coincides with the rectifying plate 13 provided in the rotating wing 8c, and the airflow entering the fixed wing portion is rectified and is applied to the rotating wing 8c. It is provided to be introduced.
For the sake of explanation, FIG. 2 shows a state in which the rectifying plates 13 and 33 are provided in the right half of the drawing. However, when the rectifying plate is provided, the entire fixed blade portion and all of the rotor blades 8a to 8d are provided. Provide a baffle plate.
Thus, by installing the rectifying plate 33 on the fixed wing portion, the rectifying action by the guide blade 30 can be further improved, and by providing the rectifying plate 13 on the rotating blade, the collision efficiency of the airflow against the rotating blade is increased. It becomes possible.
As described above, the output of the wind turbine varies depending on the installation angle of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d with respect to the radial direction around the central axis 12. Using this relationship, the rotational speed of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d is controlled to be constant by changing the angle of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d by the centrifugal force generated with the rotation of the windmill. can do.
The configuration of the rotation control device will be described below with reference to FIG.
5A to 5C are a plan view, a front view, and a side view, respectively, showing the configuration of the rotation control device. As shown in FIG. 5 (b), the blades 10 provided on each of the rotor blades 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, 8 d are a planetary shaft bevel gear 16 fixed to the planetary shaft 15 and a blade control extrapolated to the central shaft 12. The blade control bevel gear 22 fixed to the lower portion of the shaft 20 is set at a predetermined angle by meshing with bevel gears 18 a and 18 b provided at both ends of the bevel gear shaft 17 supported by the support arm 14.
In FIG. 5B, reference numeral 34 denotes a weight support arm fixed to the upper end of the central shaft 12 so as to be axisymmetric in a direction orthogonal to the central shaft 12. The weight support arm 34 is provided with centrifugal force sensing weights 36 and 36 slidably on the arm. Reference numerals 37 and 38 denote stoppers for restricting the moving position of the centrifugal force sensing weight 36.
Reference numeral 40 denotes a gravity sensing weight extrapolated to the blade control shaft 20 so as to be movable up and down. A roller chain 42 connects the gravity sensing weight 40 and the centrifugal force sensing weight 36 via a guide roller 44.
As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, gears 46 and 46 that mesh with the roller chain 42 are provided in the middle of the roller chains 42 and 42, and the gears 46 and 46 are arranged on the same axis. 1 bevel gears 48 and 48 are fixed. The first bevel gears 48, 48 are provided so as to mesh with the second bevel gears 50, 50, respectively, and worm gears 52, 52 fixed on the rotation shafts of the second bevel gears 50, 50 are fixed to the blade control shaft 20. The center gear 54 is engaged. The worm gears 52 and 52 are arranged at opposing positions with the center gear 54 interposed therebetween, and set so that the rotational driving force from the gears 46 and 46 acts on the center gear 54 as a couple when the roller chains 42 and 42 move. ing.
In the rotation control device of the present embodiment, the state in which the gravity sensing weight 40 is at the lowest position is normal, and at this time, the blades 10 of the rotary blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d are set to a predetermined angle. . From this state, when the centrifugal force acting on the centrifugal force sensing weights 36, 36 becomes larger than the gravity acting on the gravity sensing weight 40, the centrifugal force sensing weights 36, 36 are moved from the position where they are in contact with the stopper 37. Then, the movement is started outward on the weight support arm 34, and the roller chain 42 is moved together with this to rotate the gear 46. The rotation of the gear 46 is transmitted to the center gear 54 via the first bevel gear 48, the second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear 48, and the worm gear 52, thereby rotating the center gear 54. When the wind force increases and the centrifugal force acting on the centrifugal force sensing weight 36 increases, the rotation control device has an angle with respect to the radial direction around the central axis 12 of the blade 10 of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d. It is provided to make β larger.
The angle β of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d with respect to the radial direction around the central axis 12 of the blade 10 is normally set to 30 to 45 degrees. However, when the wind speed becomes a certain value or more, the rotation control is performed. The angle β is increased by the action of the device, and accordingly, the drag acting on the blade 10 is reduced, and the rotation speed is kept constant. When strong wind acts on the windmill, by providing such a rotation control device, the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d are prevented from rotating at an excessively high speed, and the device is damaged. Can be prevented, and stable operation can be performed.
6 and 7 show another embodiment of the rotation control device for controlling the angle β with respect to the radial direction around the central axis 12 of the blade 10. In the rotation control device shown in FIG. 6, the gear 60 is connected to the blade control bevel gear 22 and the gear 60 is engaged with two moving bars 62, 62 with gears supported so as to be movable on the upper plate 24. It is. Reference numerals 64, 65, and 66 are guide columns for guiding the moving direction of the moving bar 62, and 67 is a spring. The guide pillars 65 and 66 also function as stoppers that restrict the movement position of the moving bar 62. Reference numeral 36 denotes a centrifugal force sensing weight fixed to the moving bar 62, and is always in contact with the side surface of the guide column 65 by the biasing force of the spring 67. In this rotation control device, when the wind speed increases and the centrifugal force acting on the circular force sensing weight 36 increases, the moving bars 62, 62 move outward against the biasing force of the spring 67, and accordingly. The direction of the blade 10 of the rotor blade is changed, and the drag acting on the blade 10 can be reduced.
In the rotation control device shown in FIG. 7, a spring 68 is disposed between the support arm 14 supporting the rotor blades and the upper and lower disks 11a of the rotor blades 8a to 8d, and the blades of the upper and lower disks 11a and 90 degrees. A centrifugal force sensing weight 70 is fixed at an eccentric position on the outer peripheral side forming an angle. Reference numeral 72 denotes a stopper for regulating the direction of the blade 10. FIG. 7A shows the arrangement of the blades 10 when the wind speed is low, and FIG. 7B shows the arrangement of the blades 10 when the wind speed is high. When the wind speed increases, the direction of the blade 10 of the rotor blades changes due to the centrifugal force acting on the centrifugal force sensing weight 70. Therefore, by appropriately setting the biasing force of the spring 68, the direction of the blade 10 can be changed according to the wind speed. It can be adjusted to change. In the case of a non-parallel biplane-shaped rotor blade or the like, the center of gravity of the rotor blade is displaced from the planetary axis. In this case as well, the centrifugal force sensing weight 70 is attached and the rotating action by the centrifugal force is caused by the rotor blade. It is better to ensure that it works.
Note that the rotation control device does not have the mechanical configuration as described above, and the wind speed or the rotation speed of the windmill is detected by a sensor or the like, and the direction of the blade is controlled using a drive mechanism such as an electric motor. Is possible.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a generator 80 is disposed at the lower part of the apparatus, and a bevel gear 82 provided on the drive shaft of the generator 80 is engaged with a bevel gear 84 provided on the lower part of the central shaft 12 for rotation. The generator 80 is driven by the rotational energy of the blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d.
Various means may be used as means for transmitting the rotational energy of the rotor blades 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d to the generator 80 in cooperation with the central shaft 12 and the generator 80.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on this invention. It is a front view of a vertical axis windmill. It is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the braid | blade and guide blade | wing of a vertical axis windmill. It is a perspective view of the rotary blade which attached the baffle plate. It is the top view (a) which shows the structure of a rotation control apparatus, a front view (b), and a side view (c). It is explanatory drawing which shows the other structural example of a rotation control apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other structural example of a rotation control apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the multipoint cross-shaped arrangement | positioning (a) and radial arrangement | positioning (b) of a braid | blade. Retention structure (a), low collision rate structure (b), high collision rate / non-retention structure (in the case of radial arrangement) (c), high collision rate / non-retention structure (multi-point intersection type) It is explanatory drawing which shows (d) in the case of arrangement | positioning. Installation of blades on rotary blades of flat plate (a), non-parallel biplane (b), shallow plate (small curvature) concave plate (c), non-parallel biplane concave plate (d), non-parallel biplane It is explanatory drawing which shows a method (a broken line is an up-and-down disk) (e). It is a graph which shows the relationship between the blade attachment angle (beta) of a rotary blade, and a windmill output. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the guide blade attachment angle | corner (alpha) of a fixed wing | blade, and a windmill output. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a peripheral speed ratio (speed of a windmill blade tip / wind speed) and a windmill output. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured windmill output about six kinds of rotary blades. It is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a rotary blade in case the blade attachment angle (beta) is 90 degree | times.

Explanation of symbols

8a, 8b, 8c, 8d Rotary blade 10 Blade 11a, 11b Upper and lower disks 12 Central shaft 13, 33 Current plate 14 Support arm 15 Planetary shaft 16 Planetary shaft bevel gear 20 Blade control shaft 24 Upper plate 26 Substrate 30 Guide vane 32a, 32b Inclination Plate 33 Current plate 34 Weight support arm 36, 70 Centrifugal force sensing weight 40 Gravity sensing weight 80 Generator A Cylinder part B Fixed wing part C Rotation control device D Power generation device part P1 Blade P2 Secondary blade α Guide blade mounting angle β Blade mounting angle

Claims (13)

In the vertical shaft drive device in which the four rotor blades are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis and provided so as to be able to move around the central axis.
Each of the rotor blades is formed in a non-parallel biplane plate shape in which a flat blade and a sub blade of a flat plate are arranged in parallel to the direction of the blade surface of the blade ,
Rotation rotor blades of said each of the direction of the blade surface along with provided to the arrangement obliquely intersect the radial direction around the central axis, a virtual extension plane of the respective blade surfaces, which are adjacent in the direction of rotation The blades are arranged so as to be perpendicular to the blade surface of the wing,
The blades provided on the rotor blades of the each of the air flow or water flow was turned flow collides with the blade impinges on the adjacent blades in the rotational direction, and flows out by pressing in the direction of rotation of said adjacent blades As described above, the vertical axis driving device is characterized in that the inner end edge of the blade and the adjacent blade surface are disposed apart from each other. The direction of the blade surface, according to claim 1, wherein the angle β between the direction of the plane passing through the center position in the width direction of the said central axis blades, characterized in that it is set to 30-45 degrees Vertical axis drive device. In the vertical shaft drive device in which the four rotor blades are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis and provided so as to be able to move around the central axis.
Each of the rotor blades is a non-parallel compound leaf in which a concave plate-shaped blade and a concave plate-shaped secondary blade are arranged in parallel to the direction of the blade surface, which is the direction of the plane connecting the leading edges of the blades. Formed into a concave plate shape,
Rotor blades of the each of the radial direction around the central axis, with the direction of the plane of the front Kivu blade is provided arranged to obliquely intersect, the imaginary extension surface of the surface of each blade, rotary The blade is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the blade surface of the rotor blade adjacent in the direction,
The blades provided on each of the rotor blades cause the airflow or water flow that collides with the blades and turns the flow to collide with the blades adjacent to each other in the rotation direction, and press the adjacent blades in the rotation direction to flow out. Further, the vertical axis driving device is characterized in that the inner end edge of the blade and the blade surface adjacent to the blade are separated from each other. The angle β between the direction of the surface of the blade and the direction of the surface passing through the central axis and the center position in the width direction of the surface of the blade is set to 30 degrees . Vertical axis drive device. Around the cylinder part around which the four rotary blades circulate, there is provided a fixed wing part in which a plurality of guide vanes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to rectify an air flow or a water flow to guide the rotary blades to the rotary blades. The vertical axis drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the vertical axis drive device is provided. In the vertical shaft drive device in which the four rotor blades are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis and provided so as to be able to move around the central axis.
The rotor blade includes a flat blade,
Each of the rotor blades is provided in an arrangement in which the direction of the blade surface is oblique to the radial direction centered on the central axis, and the virtual extension surface of each blade surface is adjacent to the rotor direction The blade is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the blade surface of
The blades provided on each of the rotor blades cause the airflow or water flow that collides with the blades and turns the flow to collide with the blades adjacent to each other in the rotation direction, and press the adjacent blades in the rotation direction to flow out. In addition, the inner edge of the blade and the adjacent blade surface are provided in a spaced arrangement,
Around the cylinder part around which the four rotary blades circulate, there is provided a fixed wing part in which a plurality of guide vanes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to rectify an air flow or a water flow to guide the rotary blades to the rotary blades. The vertical axis driving device is characterized in that a rectifying plate for rectifying and introducing the fluid flowing into the fixed wing portion to the rotary wing is provided in the fixed wing portion at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction. The direction of the blade surface, the vertical according to claim 6, wherein the angle β between the direction of the plane passing through the center position in the width direction of the said central axis blades, characterized in that it is set to 30-45 degrees Axis drive. In the vertical shaft drive device in which the four rotor blades are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis and provided so as to be able to move around the central axis.
The rotor blade includes a concave plate-shaped blade,
Each of the rotor blades is provided in an arrangement in which the direction of the surface of the blade, which is the direction of the plane connecting the leading edges of the blade, is oblique to the radial direction centered on the central axis. The blade is arranged such that the virtual extension surface of the blade surface is orthogonal to the blade surface of the rotor blade adjacent in the rotation direction,
The blades provided on each of the rotor blades cause the airflow or water flow that collides with the blades and turns the flow to collide with the blades adjacent to each other in the rotation direction, and press the adjacent blades in the rotation direction to flow out. In addition, the inner edge of the blade and the adjacent blade surface are provided in a spaced arrangement,
Around the cylinder part around which the four rotary blades circulate, there is provided a fixed wing part in which a plurality of guide vanes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to rectify an air flow or a water flow to guide the rotary blades to the rotary blades. The vertical axis driving device is characterized in that a rectifying plate for rectifying and introducing the fluid flowing into the fixed wing portion to the rotary wing is provided in the fixed wing portion at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction. The direction of the plane of the blade, according to claim 8, wherein the angle β between the direction of the plane passing through the center position in the width direction of the surface of the said central axis blades, characterized in that it is set to 30 degrees Vertical axis drive device. The vertical axis drive device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein an angle α formed by each guide blade and a tangential direction of an outer peripheral portion of the cylinder portion is set to 40 degrees. An upper and lower disk is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the blade on the rotor blade, and a rectifying plate formed in the shape of a disk having the same shape as the upper and lower disk is attached to the blade in parallel with the upper and lower disks.
The rectifying plate provided on the fixed wing portion is provided with the height position of the inner end portion thereof matched with the rectifying plate provided on the rotary wing . The vertical axis drive device according to one item . A support arm that rotates integrally with the central axis extends from the central axis, and a planetary shaft that supports a central position in the width direction of the blade is attached to the support arm,
When the rotational speed of the rotor blade exceeds a certain speed, the blade is rotated about the planetary axis according to the rotational speed, and the angle formed by the direction of the blade surface with respect to the radial direction centered on the central axis The vertical axis according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein a rotation control device is provided to increase a force and reduce a drag acting on the blade to suppress a rotation speed of the rotor blade. Drive device. A power generation apparatus comprising the vertical axis drive apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein a rotational force of a central axis is provided in cooperation with the power generation apparatus.