JP4054497B2 - Cellulose aqueous composition - Google Patents

Cellulose aqueous composition Download PDF

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JP4054497B2
JP4054497B2 JP35521399A JP35521399A JP4054497B2 JP 4054497 B2 JP4054497 B2 JP 4054497B2 JP 35521399 A JP35521399 A JP 35521399A JP 35521399 A JP35521399 A JP 35521399A JP 4054497 B2 JP4054497 B2 JP 4054497B2
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Prior art keywords
cellulose
component
water
aqueous
fiber
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JP2001172301A (en
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俊樹 森
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Noevir Co Ltd
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Noevir Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、再生セルロース繊維,再生セルロースフィルムや粒子などの再生セルロース成型体製造用の原液として、また医薬品,化粧品,食品等の基剤や、セルロース誘導体合成の中間体として有用な、セルロースの水性組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
セルロースは、分子鎖の凝集性が強く、特定の溶媒、あるいは特定の条件下でしか溶解しない。これまで水性媒質への分散溶解に関しては種々の試みがなされている。例えば、工業的に使用されている再生セルロース成型品の製造方法は、主に二硫化炭素を用いるビスコース法と、銅アンモニア溶液に溶解する銅安法の2つの方法に限られている。しかし、どちらの方法も溶液を調製する過程や成型品を製造する過程で、毒性気体の発生や重金属の排出を避けることができず、作業環境面や地球環境的見地から見ても問題点がないとはいえない。
【0003】
セルロース溶液の溶媒系としては他に、第三級アミンN−オキシドと水の混合溶媒系がセルロースを溶解することが古くから知られており、特にN−メチルモルホリンN−オキシドと水とから成る溶媒系(H.Chanzy et al.,J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Phys.Ed.,18,1137(1980))はセルロースの溶解力が高いため、工業利用が有力視されているが、環境面での問題点があった。また類似の溶媒系としては、ジメチルスルホキシドとテトラアルキルアンモニウム塩とN−メチルモルホリンN−オキシド若しくはトリエチルアミンN−オキシドとの溶媒系が知られている(特開平1−193338号公報)が、溶媒系が複雑であり、セルロース製品を製造した後の溶媒回収が難しいという問題点があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明においては、上記先行技術の問題点を鑑み、特別な前処理を行うことなく、穏和な条件下で、簡便な溶媒を用いてセルロース水性組成物を得ることを目的とした。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記目的を達成するため研究を行った結果、水溶性アミノ酸、水溶液中で二価の陽イオンと陰イオンに解離する水溶性無機塩類、水から成る溶媒系を用いてセルロースを分散させることにより、上記課題を解決できることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【0007】
本発明で用いられるセルロースは、セルロースを含有する素材を表すものであり、その種類,起源,分子量,結晶系は問わない。例えば、木材パルプ,リンターパルプ,竹パルプのような脱リグニン処理を施した精製パルプ、綿繊維,麻繊維のようなセルロース系天然繊維又はそれらに脱リグニン処理を施した精製天然繊維、ビスコースやセルロース銅アンモニア溶液から凝固再生された再生セルロース成形物、小麦フスマ,えん麦フスマ,とうもろこし外皮,米糠,ビール粕,ダイズ粕,えんどう豆繊維,おから,リンゴ繊維,ビート繊維等の穀物又は果実由来の食物繊維、木材及び麦わらの様なリグノセルロース、微生物由来のバクテリアセルロース等が挙げられる。
【0008】
本発明で用いる水溶性アミノ酸としては、水溶性のアミノ酸であれば種類,基源,立体構造は問わず、例えばプロリン,アルギニン,リジン,アラニン,グリシン,ヒスチジン,トレオニン等が挙げられ、これらを単独で、若しくは2種以上を選択して用いることができる。これらのアミノ酸の中でも、溶媒への溶解度の点からL−プロリン,L−アルギニン,L−リジン,L−アラニン,DL−アラニンから選択される1種又は2種以上を用いることが好ましい。
【0009】
本発明で用いられる水溶液中で二価の陽イオンと陰イオンに解離する水溶性無機塩類としては、カルシウム,マグネシウム,銅,亜鉛,鉄,ニッケル等の二価の電荷を有する金属と、塩素,硫酸,硝酸などとの塩が用いられる。具体的には、塩化カルシウム,硝酸カルシウム無水物,硝酸カルシウム四水和物,塩化鉄,硫酸鉄七水和物,硝酸鉄六水和物,硝酸鉄九水和物,塩化バリウム,塩化マグネシウム,硫酸マグネシウム,硝酸マグネシウム,塩化ニッケル,硫酸ニッケル七水和物,硝酸ニッケル,塩化マンガン,硫酸マンガン,硝酸マンガン,硝酸マンガン一水和物,硝酸マンガン二水和物,硝酸マンガン三水和物,硝酸マンガン四水和物,硝酸マンガン六水和物,塩化亜鉛,硝酸亜鉛,硫酸亜鉛などが挙げられ、安全性,環境への影響面から酸化カルシウム,塩化マグネシウムが好ましい例として挙げられる。本発明においては、これらの無機塩を単独で、若しくは2種以上を組み合わせて配合する。本発明においてこれらの無機塩の基原は特に問わず、化学的に合成されたものを用いることもでき、また天然物由来のものをそのまま、若しくは精製したものを用いることもできる。さらに、海水を脱塩化ナトリウム処理した後乾燥させてなる海水乾燥物が、望ましい例として挙げられる。
【0010】
本発明において、各必須成分の配合比は、特に限定されないが、セルロース1gに対して、無機塩0.01〜5モル、アミノ酸0.01〜5モル、精製水10〜10,000gが好ましく、無機塩とアミノ酸の配合比はモル比で1:10〜10:1の範囲が好ましい。
【0011】
本発明において、セルロース水性組成物は、セルロースが水性溶媒中に均一に分散若しくは溶解している状態をいい、液状,ゲル状の外観を呈する。
【0012】
本発明のセルロース水性組成物は、精製水にアミノ酸,無機塩類,セルロースを添加して、常温で撹拌,均一化することにより容易に調製することができる。本発明においては、さらに目的に応じて、防腐剤,紫外線吸収剤などの添加剤を併用することができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
さらに実施例により、本発明の特徴について詳細に説明する。
【0014】
表1に示した処方にて、全成分を室温で混合,均一化することにより、セルロース水性組成物を調製した。調製したセルロース水性組成物を25℃にて一昼夜保存した後、組成物の状態及び透明度の評価を行った。状態は溶液状,ゲル状として目視で評価した。また透明性については、「透明で白濁,沈殿が認められない:◎」,「わずかに白濁が認められるが沈殿は認められない:○」,「あきらかな白濁が認められるが沈殿は認められない:△」,「白濁,沈殿ともに認められる:×」として、目視で評価した。また、同時に無機塩若しくはアミノ酸を配合せずに同様にセルロース水性組成物を調製し、比較例1及び比較例2として、状態及び透明度の評価を行った。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0004054497
【0016】
表1に示したように、本発明の実施例1〜実施例3においては、特別な前処理もなく、穏和な条件下での混合により、透明度の高い良好なセルロース水性組成物を得ることができ、またアミノ酸濃度を変化させることにより粘度の異なる組成物を得ることができることが示された。それに対し、アミノ酸若しくは無機塩を配合していない比較例1又は比較例2においては、セルロースが均一に分散若しくは溶解せず、25℃で一昼夜保存することによりセルロースの沈殿が認められていた。
【0017】
本発明の他の実施例4〜実施例6を表2〜表4に示した処方により調製した。これらのセルロース水性組成物は、常温ですべての成分を混合,均一化することにより調製した。これらの実施例においても、25℃で一昼夜保存後に、状態及び透明度の評価を行った。
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0004054497
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 0004054497
【0020】
【表4】
Figure 0004054497
【0021】
表2〜表4に示したとおり、本発明の実施例4〜実施例6においても、穏和な条件下で、簡便な溶媒を用いて、透明度の高いセルロース水性組成物を得ることができることが示された。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明により、特別な前処理を行うことなく、穏和な条件下で、簡便な溶媒を用いてセルロース水性組成物を得ることをができた。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an aqueous cellulose solution useful as a stock solution for the production of regenerated cellulose molded bodies such as regenerated cellulose fibers, regenerated cellulose films and particles, as a base for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, etc., and as an intermediate for cellulose derivative synthesis. Relates to the composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Cellulose has strong cohesiveness of molecular chains, and dissolves only in a specific solvent or under specific conditions. Various attempts have been made so far for dispersion and dissolution in aqueous media. For example, industrially used methods for producing regenerated cellulose molded products are limited to two methods, a viscose method using mainly carbon disulfide and a copper ammonium method dissolving in a copper ammonia solution. However, both methods cannot avoid the generation of toxic gases and the discharge of heavy metals in the process of preparing solutions and manufacturing molded products, and there are problems from the viewpoint of work environment and global environment. It cannot be said that there is no.
[0003]
As another solvent system for cellulose solution, it has been known for a long time that a mixed solvent system of tertiary amine N-oxide and water dissolves cellulose, and particularly comprises N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and water. Although the solvent system (H. Chanzy et al., J. Polym. Sci .: Polym. Phys. Ed., 18 , 1137 (1980)) has high dissolving power of cellulose, industrial use is considered to be promising. There was an environmental problem. As a similar solvent system, a solvent system of dimethyl sulfoxide, a tetraalkylammonium salt and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide or triethylamine N-oxide is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-193338). However, there is a problem that it is difficult to recover the solvent after producing the cellulose product.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, an object is to obtain a cellulose aqueous composition using a simple solvent under mild conditions without performing a special pretreatment.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of researches to achieve the above object, the present inventor has found that cellulose is produced using a water-soluble amino acid, a water-soluble inorganic salt dissociated into a divalent cation and an anion in an aqueous solution, and a solvent system comprising water. It was found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by dispersing, and the present invention has been completed.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0007]
Cellulose used in the present invention represents a material containing cellulose, and its type, origin, molecular weight, and crystal system are not limited. For example, refined pulp subjected to delignification treatment such as wood pulp, linter pulp, bamboo pulp, cellulosic natural fiber such as cotton fiber and hemp fiber, or purified natural fiber subjected to delignification treatment on these, viscose, Regenerated cellulose moldings coagulated and regenerated from cellulose copper ammonia solution, wheat bran, oat bran, corn hull, rice bran, beer lees, soybean lees, pea fiber, okara, apple fiber, beet fiber, etc. Dietary fiber, lignocellulose such as wood and straw, and bacterial cellulose derived from microorganisms.
[0008]
The water-soluble amino acid used in the present invention is not limited in its type, base source and steric structure as long as it is a water-soluble amino acid, and examples thereof include proline, arginine, lysine, alanine, glycine, histidine, threonine, etc. Or, two or more types can be selected and used. Among these amino acids, it is preferable to use one or more selected from L-proline, L-arginine, L-lysine, L-alanine and DL-alanine from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent.
[0009]
Examples of water-soluble inorganic salts that dissociate into divalent cations and anions in the aqueous solution used in the present invention include divalent charge metals such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, nickel, chlorine, Salts with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. are used. Specifically, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate anhydrous, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, iron chloride, iron sulfate heptahydrate, iron nitrate hexahydrate, iron nitrate nonahydrate, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, Magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate heptahydrate, nickel nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese nitrate monohydrate, manganese nitrate dihydrate, manganese nitrate trihydrate, nitric acid Manganese tetrahydrate, manganese nitrate hexahydrate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate and the like can be mentioned, and calcium oxide and magnesium chloride are preferable examples from the viewpoint of safety and environmental impact. In this invention, these inorganic salts are mix | blended individually or in combination of 2 or more types. In the present invention, the base of these inorganic salts is not particularly limited, and those chemically synthesized can be used, or those derived from natural products can be used as they are or after purification. A desirable example is a seawater dried product obtained by desalinating seawater and then drying it.
[0010]
In the present invention, the mixing ratio of each essential component is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5 mol of inorganic salt, 0.01 to 5 mol of amino acid, and 10 to 10,000 g of purified water with respect to 1 g of cellulose. The mixing ratio of the inorganic salt and the amino acid is preferably in the range of 1:10 to 10: 1 by molar ratio.
[0011]
In the present invention, the aqueous cellulose composition refers to a state in which cellulose is uniformly dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous solvent, and exhibits a liquid and gel-like appearance.
[0012]
The aqueous cellulose composition of the present invention can be easily prepared by adding amino acids, inorganic salts and cellulose to purified water and stirring and homogenizing at room temperature. In the present invention, additives such as preservatives and ultraviolet absorbers can be used in combination according to the purpose.
[0013]
【Example】
Further, the features of the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
[0014]
A cellulose aqueous composition was prepared by mixing and homogenizing all components at room temperature with the formulation shown in Table 1. The prepared aqueous cellulose composition was stored at 25 ° C. all day and night, and then the state and transparency of the composition were evaluated. The state was visually evaluated as a solution and a gel. In addition, regarding transparency, “transparent, cloudiness and precipitation are not recognized: ◎”, “slight cloudiness is observed but precipitation is not recognized: ○”, “clear cloudiness is observed but precipitation is not observed : Δ ”,“ both cloudiness and precipitation are recognized: × ”, and visually evaluated. At the same time, an aqueous cellulose composition was similarly prepared without blending an inorganic salt or amino acid, and as Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the state and transparency were evaluated.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004054497
[0016]
As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, there is no special pretreatment, and a good cellulose aqueous composition having high transparency can be obtained by mixing under mild conditions. It was shown that compositions with different viscosities can be obtained by changing the amino acid concentration. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 or Comparative Example 2 in which no amino acid or inorganic salt was blended, cellulose was not uniformly dispersed or dissolved, and precipitation of cellulose was observed when stored at 25 ° C. overnight.
[0017]
Other Examples 4 to 6 of the present invention were prepared according to the formulations shown in Tables 2 to 4. These cellulose aqueous compositions were prepared by mixing and homogenizing all components at room temperature. Also in these examples, the state and transparency were evaluated after storage at 25 ° C. all day and night.
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004054497
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004054497
[0020]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004054497
[0021]
As shown in Tables 2 to 4, also in Examples 4 to 6 of the present invention, it is shown that a highly transparent aqueous cellulose composition can be obtained using a simple solvent under mild conditions. It was done.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, an aqueous cellulose composition can be obtained using a simple solvent under mild conditions without performing a special pretreatment.

Claims (1)

次の成分(A)〜(D)を含有するセルロース水性組成物:成分(A)プロリン、アルギニン、アラニン、トレオニンから選択される1種又は2種以上の水溶性アミノ酸、成分(B)塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、海水乾燥末、硫酸鉄七水和物から選択される1種又は2種以上の水溶液中で二価の陽イオンと陰イオンに解離する水溶性無機塩類、成分(C)精製パルプ、セルロース系天然繊維又はそれらに脱リグニン処理を施した精製天然繊維、再生セルロース成形物、食物繊維、リグノセルロース、バクテリアルロースから選択される1種又は2種以上のセルロース、成分(D)水。Cellulose aqueous composition containing the following components (A) to (D): component (A) one or more water-soluble amino acids selected from proline, arginine, alanine and threonine , component (B) magnesium chloride Water- soluble inorganic salts that dissociate into divalent cations and anions in one or more aqueous solutions selected from calcium chloride, seawater dried powder, and iron sulfate heptahydrate , component (C) refined pulp , cellulosic natural fiber or purified natural fibers subjected them to the delignification process, regenerated cellulose moldings, fiber, lignocellulose, one or more cellulose is selected from bacterial cellulose, component (D) water.
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