JP4036404B2 - Method for producing diphenylamines - Google Patents

Method for producing diphenylamines Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4036404B2
JP4036404B2 JP26782898A JP26782898A JP4036404B2 JP 4036404 B2 JP4036404 B2 JP 4036404B2 JP 26782898 A JP26782898 A JP 26782898A JP 26782898 A JP26782898 A JP 26782898A JP 4036404 B2 JP4036404 B2 JP 4036404B2
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Prior art keywords
reaction
phenols
anilines
hydrogen
mol
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JP2000095736A (en
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忍 入内島
智 山本
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Nikko Rica Corp
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Nikko Rica Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電子写真用有機感光体などの製造に用いられるジフェニルアミン類の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フェノ−ル類とアニリン類を反応させてジフェニルアミン類を製造する方法として、例えば(1)アニリン類と過剰量のフェノ−ル類を水素移動触媒及びそのフェノ−ル類に対応するシクロヘキサノン類、あるいは、水素を存在させて加熱反応させる方法(特公平5−33215号公報)、(2)フェノ−ル類とアニリン類及び該アニリン類に対応するシクロヘキシルアミン類を水素移動触媒の存在下に加熱反応させる方法(特開平1−100152号公報)及び(3)フェノ−ル類とアニリン類をシクロヘキサノ−ルと水素移動触媒の存在下で反応させる方法(特開平6−336465号公報)等が代表的に知られている。
【0003】
しかし、上記(1)の方法は、フェノ−ル類をアニリン類に対して2倍モル以上の過剰量、好ましくは、4〜10倍モル使用するので、反応容器についての製造効率が低く、また、反応液から未反応の大量のフェノ−ル類を回収する工程が必要であるから、工業的に著しく不利である。上記(2)の方法は、特に、置換基を持つジフェニルアミンを製造するには、アニリン類に対応する置換基を有するシクロヘキシルアミン類を使用する必要があり、この置換基含有シクロヘキシルアミン類は、例えば、厄介な高圧還元法などにより別途調製しなければならないという問題がある。更に、上記(3)の方法は、置換基をもつジフェニルアミン類を製造する場合には、反応においてシクロヘキサノ−ルに由来する無置換型のジフェニルアミン類が副生し、その副生物が目的物と化学的構造が類似するため分離が容易でなく、工業的に有利な製造方法とはいえない。
【0004】
また、フェノ−ル類とアニリン類を水素移動触媒の存在下で加熱反応させるジフェニルアミン類の製造方法において、その反応系に水素のみを加えるときは、等モル反応が推定されるにもかかわらず、アニリン類は相対的に早く消費されてフェノ−ル類が多量に残り、複雑な反応のために反応系は濁るだけでなく、高い反応収率で目的物を得ることは実質的に困難である。更に、反応系から目的物を単離することも厄介で工業的に採用し難い。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは、上記のような従来方法の欠点を克服するために、特に、シクロヘキサノン類,シクロヘキシルアミン類やシクロヘキサノ−ル類等の化学物質を用いることなく、フェノ−ル類とアニリン類を反応させる方法に関して、特に、等モル反応をスム−ズに且つ効率よく行わせて、所望ジフェニルアミン類を製造する方法について鋭意研究を行った結果、実用的に極めて望ましい方法を見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、前記特許請求の範囲の請求項1に記載の要件から成る工業的に優れたジフェニルアミン類の製造方法を提供する。しかして、本発明は、フェノ−ル類とアニリン類を水素移動触媒の存在下で加熱反応させるジフェニルアミン類の製造において、その反応系に、更に、触媒量の水素及びアンモニアを組合せて添加し、加熱反応させることに技術的特徴がある。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の方法に使用するフェノ−ル類としては、電子写真用有機感光体への利用に関連して、例えば、フェノ−ル、o−,m−及びp−クレゾ−ル、3,4-ジメチルフェノ−ル並びにp−メトキシフェノ−ルなどを代表的に挙げることができる。また、アニリン類としては、例えば、アニリン、o−,m−及びp−トルイジン、3,4-ジメチルアニリン並びにp−メトキシアニリンなどを代表的に挙げることができる。反応に供する上記両物質の割合は、フェノ−ル類1モルに対し、アニリン類 0.8〜1.2 モル、好ましくは、0.9 〜1.1 モルの範囲である。
【0008】
本発明方法に用いるフェノ−ル類とアニリン類に関して、同一の化学的構造を有する骨格とは、ベンゼン核に結合するOH基とNH2 基を除いた他の核置換基を含む母体核構造が同一の化学構造を意味する。そのようなフェノ−ル類とアニリン類の組合せとして、例えば、フェノ−ルとアニリン,p−クレゾ−ルとp−トルイジン、m−クレゾ−ルとm−トルイジンあるいは 3,4−ジメチルフェノ−ルと 3,4−ジメチルアニリン等の組合せが具体的に例示される。本発明の方法においては、得られるジフェニルアミン類の利用性を考慮するとき、上記の他の核置換基は、メチル及びメトキシが代表的であるが、本発明においては、それらに限定されない。
【0009】
また、本発明の方法に用いられる水素移動触媒は、例えば、パラジウム,ロジウム,ルテニウム,白金などの貴金属、ニッケル,コバルト,銅などの遷移金属類が包含される。これらの触媒金属は、通常、炭素,アルミナ,シリカゲル又は珪藻土などの担体に担持させて用いることが望ましく、特に、パラジウムを炭素に担持させた触媒が実用的に最も望ましい。
【0010】
本発明の方法に使用される水素は、アンモニアと組合せて反応系に添加使用される。水素は、水素移動触媒の存在下で触媒として作用するので、その添加量は触媒量でよく、例えば、フェノ−ル類1モルに対して0.05〜0.5 モル程度が用いられる。添加量が多すぎると副生物が増加し、少ないと反応が遅くなる。望ましい添加量は、0.2 〜0.3 モルである。また、水素と組合せて使用されるアンモニアは、やはり触媒量でよいが、それ以上でも差し支えない。通常、フェノ−ル類1モルに対して0.01〜0.3 モル程度、望ましくは、0.05〜0.2 モル程度が用いられる。このアンモニアは、気体又は液体で加えてもよいし、アンモニア水の形で供給することもできる。このアンモニア及び前記水素ガスは、反応容器に常圧で加えてもよいが、過圧条件下に供給することもできる。
【0011】
本発明においては、反応系は 150〜 250℃、望ましくは、180 〜 230℃の温度に加熱される。触媒量の水素とアンモニアが併存する反応系を加熱するときは、アニリン類がフェノ−ル類より早く消費されることなく、等モル反応が極めてスム−ズに進行して反応系が濁ったり不均一反応を起こすなどの不都合が効果的に解消され、反応液から目的物ジフェニルアミン類を効率よく分離取得することができる。このスム−ズできれいな等モル反応は、従来法と比較して明らかなように、反応系にアンモニアを存在させることにより、極めて望ましい効果が達成されたのであって、かかるアンモニアの存在効果は驚くべき意外な発見であった。
【0012】
本発明の方法により効率的に各種ジフェニルアミン類が製造されるが、特に、電子写真用有機感光体の製造に有用な物質は、p−クレゾ−ルとp−トルイジンを反応させて得られるジ−p−トリルアミン、m−クレゾ−ルとm−トルイジンから得られるジ−m−トリルアミン及び 3,4−ジメチルフェノ−ルと 3,4−ジメチルアニリンから得られるジ−3,4-ジメチルフェニルアミンである。
【0013】
本発明の方法の手順の概略を紹介する。反応容器としては、通常、オ−トクレ−ブを用い、これにフェノ−ル類、アニリン類及び水素移動触媒を仕込み、アンモニアを入れる。次いで、所定の水素を導入し反応系を加熱する。反応系では昇温に従って水素の吸収が始まり、内圧が低下する。反応系を、例えば、220 ℃近辺の温度に保つことにより脱水反応により水が生成し、ジフェニルアミン類が合成される。水蒸気圧の発生により上昇した圧力を弁の開閉によって低下させ、生成水を反応系外に逃して反応を促進させる。反応は、通常、5〜10時間で終了する。触媒を濾過して除いた瀘液から、蒸留又は晶析により目的とするジフェニルアミン類が得られる。
【0014】
以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
【0015】
【実施例】
実施例 1
オ−トクレ−ブ(0.5L)に、p−クレゾ−ル(108g,1モル)、p−トルイジン(112.4g,1.05モル)、5%Pd/C(10g)及び28%アンモニア水(6g,0.1モル)を取った。水素圧(27atm,水素量約0.2モル)を設定して閉鎖系とし、撹拌及び加熱を開始して220℃に昇温させた。昇温と共に水素の吸収が起こり、圧力は一たん4atmに低下したが、反応の進行と共に再び上昇した。圧力が8〜10atmになったところで、弁を開いて生成した水蒸気などを放出し、圧力3atmに低下させた。このような放出を更に3回行った後、7時間で反応は終了した。反応液を暖かいうちに濾過して触媒を除き、やや褐色に着色しているが透明性のある瀘液(160g)を得た。ガスクロマトグラフィ−(5%PEG−20M,3m,225℃)におけるジ−p−トリルアミンの面積%は89.4%であった。瀘液は室温で結晶化したが、熱メタノ−ル(800g)に溶解し、水(200g)を加えて氷水冷し、晶析してジ−p−トリルアミン結晶129g(収率65.5%)を得た。
【0016】
実施例 2
オ−トクレ−ブ(0.5L)に、m−クレゾ−ル(108g,1モル)、m−トルイジン(107g,1モル)、5%Pd/C(10g)及び28%アンモニア水(3g,0.05モル)を取った。水素圧(30atm ,水素量約0.3モル)を設定した他は、実施例1と同様に行い、殆ど無色透明な瀘液(160g)を得た。ガスクロマトグラフィ−におけるジ−m−トリルアミンの面積%は81.5%であった。放置によりやや褐色に着色したが、減圧蒸留して、沸点約160℃/5Torr のジ−m−トリルアミン120g(収率61%)を油状物質として得た。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、フェノ−ル類とアニリン類とをスム−ズに且つ効率よく脱水反応させて、電子写真用有機感光体などの製造に有用なジフェニルアミン類を工業的に有利に製造することができる。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing diphenylamines used in the production of electrophotographic organic photoreceptors and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing diphenylamines by reacting phenols and anilines, for example, (1) anilines and excess phenols are converted to hydrogen transfer catalysts and cyclohexanones corresponding to the phenols, or , A method of heating reaction in the presence of hydrogen (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-33215), (2) heating reaction of phenols, anilines and cyclohexylamines corresponding to the anilines in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst And a method of reacting phenols and anilines in the presence of cyclohexanol and a hydrogen transfer catalyst (JP-A-6-336465), and the like. Known.
[0003]
However, the above method (1) uses phenols in excess of 2 times mol or more, preferably 4 to 10 times mol of anilines, so that the production efficiency for the reaction vessel is low, Since a process for recovering a large amount of unreacted phenols from the reaction solution is necessary, it is extremely disadvantageous industrially. In the method (2), in particular, in order to produce a diphenylamine having a substituent, it is necessary to use cyclohexylamines having a substituent corresponding to anilines, and the substituent-containing cyclohexylamines are, for example, There is a problem that it must be prepared separately by a troublesome high-pressure reduction method or the like. Furthermore, in the method of (3) above, when diphenylamines having a substituent are produced, unsubstituted diphenylamines derived from cyclohexanol are produced as by-products in the reaction, and the by-products are regarded as the target product. Since the chemical structures are similar, separation is not easy, and it cannot be said to be an industrially advantageous production method.
[0004]
In addition, in the method for producing diphenylamines in which phenols and anilines are heated and reacted in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, when only hydrogen is added to the reaction system, an equimolar reaction is estimated, Anilines are consumed relatively quickly and a large amount of phenols remains, and not only the reaction system becomes cloudy due to complicated reaction, but also it is substantially difficult to obtain the desired product with high reaction yield. . Furthermore, isolating the target product from the reaction system is cumbersome and difficult to employ industrially.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional methods as described above, the present inventors have particularly decided to use phenols and anilines without using chemical substances such as cyclohexanones, cyclohexylamines and cyclohexanols. In particular, as a result of earnest research on a method for producing desired diphenylamines by smoothly and efficiently performing an equimolar reaction, the present inventors found a method that is extremely desirable in practice. completed.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides an industrially superior method for producing diphenylamines comprising the requirements described in claim 1 of the claims. Thus, the present invention is directed to the production of diphenylamines in which phenols and anilines are heated and reacted in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, and a catalytic amount of hydrogen and ammonia is further added to the reaction system in combination. There is a technical feature in heating reaction.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the phenols used in the method of the present invention include phenol, o-, m- and p-cresol, 3,4- Representative examples include dimethylphenol and p-methoxyphenol. Examples of anilines include aniline, o-, m- and p-toluidine, 3,4-dimethylaniline and p-methoxyaniline. The ratio of the both substances to be subjected to the reaction is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.1 mol of anilines with respect to 1 mol of phenols.
[0008]
Regarding the phenols and anilines used in the method of the present invention, the skeleton having the same chemical structure is the same as the parent nucleus structure containing other nuclear substituents except for the OH group and NH2 group bonded to the benzene nucleus. The chemical structure of Examples of combinations of such phenols and anilines include phenol and aniline, p-cresol and p-toluidine, m-cresol and m-toluidine or 3,4-dimethylphenol. And a combination of 3,4-dimethylaniline and the like are specifically exemplified. In the method of the present invention, when considering the availability of the obtained diphenylamines, the above-mentioned other nuclear substituents are typically methyl and methoxy, but are not limited thereto in the present invention.
[0009]
The hydrogen transfer catalyst used in the method of the present invention includes, for example, noble metals such as palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and platinum, and transition metals such as nickel, cobalt and copper. These catalyst metals are usually desirably used by being supported on a carrier such as carbon, alumina, silica gel or diatomaceous earth, and in particular, a catalyst in which palladium is supported on carbon is most desirable in practice.
[0010]
Hydrogen used in the method of the present invention is added to the reaction system in combination with ammonia. Since hydrogen acts as a catalyst in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, the addition amount thereof may be a catalytic amount, for example, about 0.05 to 0.5 mol is used per 1 mol of phenols. If the amount added is too large, by-products will increase, and if it is too small, the reaction will be slow. A desirable addition amount is 0.2 to 0.3 mol. Further, the amount of ammonia used in combination with hydrogen may be a catalytic amount, but it may be more than that. Usually, about 0.01 to 0.3 mol, preferably about 0.05 to 0.2 mol is used per 1 mol of phenols. This ammonia may be added in the form of gas or liquid, or it can be supplied in the form of aqueous ammonia. The ammonia and the hydrogen gas may be added to the reaction vessel at normal pressure, but can also be supplied under overpressure conditions.
[0011]
In the present invention, the reaction system is heated to a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C, preferably 180 to 230 ° C. When heating a reaction system in which catalytic amounts of hydrogen and ammonia coexist, anilines are not consumed faster than phenols, and the equimolar reaction proceeds very smoothly and the reaction system becomes turbid or non-volatile. Inconveniences such as causing a homogeneous reaction are effectively eliminated, and the target diphenylamine can be efficiently separated and obtained from the reaction solution. This smooth and equimolar reaction, as is apparent from the comparison with the conventional method, has achieved a very desirable effect by the presence of ammonia in the reaction system, and the presence effect of such ammonia is surprising. It was a surprising discovery.
[0012]
Various diphenylamines are efficiently produced by the method of the present invention. In particular, a substance useful for producing an electrophotographic organic photoreceptor is a di-amine obtained by reacting p-cresol with p-toluidine. p-tolylamine, di-m-tolylamine obtained from m-cresol and m-toluidine and di-3,4-dimethylphenylamine obtained from 3,4-dimethylphenol and 3,4-dimethylaniline. is there.
[0013]
An outline of the procedure of the method of the present invention is introduced. As the reaction vessel, an autoclave is usually used, which is charged with phenols, anilines and a hydrogen transfer catalyst, and then with ammonia. Next, predetermined hydrogen is introduced and the reaction system is heated. In the reaction system, absorption of hydrogen begins as the temperature rises, and the internal pressure decreases. By maintaining the reaction system at a temperature around 220 ° C., for example, water is produced by dehydration reaction, and diphenylamines are synthesized. The pressure increased by the generation of the water vapor pressure is reduced by opening and closing the valve, and the generated water is released from the reaction system to promote the reaction. The reaction is usually completed in 5 to 10 hours. The target diphenylamines can be obtained from the filtrate obtained by filtering the catalyst by distillation or crystallization.
[0014]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0015]
【Example】
Example 1
Autoclave (0.5 L), p-cresol (108 g, 1 mol), p-toluidine (112.4 g, 1.05 mol), 5% Pd / C (10 g) and 28% ammonia Water (6 g, 0.1 mol) was taken. A hydrogen pressure (27 atm, hydrogen amount of about 0.2 mol) was set to make a closed system, and stirring and heating were started and the temperature was raised to 220 ° C. As the temperature increased, hydrogen absorption occurred, and the pressure decreased to 4 atm. However, the pressure increased again as the reaction proceeded. When the pressure reached 8 to 10 atm, the water vapor generated by opening the valve was released, and the pressure was reduced to 3 atm. After three more such releases, the reaction was complete in 7 hours. The reaction solution was filtered while warm to remove the catalyst, and a slightly brown colored but transparent filtrate (160 g) was obtained. The area% of di-p-tolylamine in gas chromatography (5% PEG-20M, 3 m, 225 ° C.) was 89.4%. The filtrate was crystallized at room temperature, but dissolved in hot methanol (800 g), added with water (200 g), cooled with ice water and crystallized to crystallize 129 g of di-p-tolylamine crystals (yield 65.5%). )
[0016]
Example 2
To the autoclave (0.5 L), m-cresol (108 g, 1 mol), m-toluidine (107 g, 1 mol), 5% Pd / C (10 g) and 28% aqueous ammonia (3 g, 0.05 mol). The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the hydrogen pressure (30 atm, hydrogen amount about 0.3 mol) was set, and an almost colorless and transparent filtrate (160 g) was obtained. The area% of di-m-tolylamine in gas chromatography was 81.5%. Although the color was slightly brown on standing, distillation under reduced pressure gave 120 g (yield 61%) of di-m-tolylamine having a boiling point of about 160 ° C./5 Torr as an oily substance.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, phenols and anilines are smoothly and efficiently subjected to dehydration reaction, and diphenylamines useful for the production of electrophotographic organic photoreceptors are advantageously produced industrially. can do.

Claims (4)

水素移動触媒の存在下でフェノ−ル類とアニリン類を加熱反応させてジフェニルアミン類を製造する方法において、触媒量の水素とアンモニアを加えて行うことを特徴とする上記方法。A process for producing diphenylamines by heating and reacting phenols and anilines in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, wherein the process is carried out by adding a catalytic amount of hydrogen and ammonia. フェノ−ル類とアニリン類が、同一の化学的構造を有する骨格を持つフェノ−ル類とアニリン類である請求項1に記載の方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the phenols and anilines are phenols and anilines having a skeleton having the same chemical structure. フェノ−ル類がp−クレゾ−ルで、アニリン類がp−トルイジンである請求項2に記載の方法。The method according to claim 2, wherein the phenol is p-cresol and the aniline is p-toluidine. フェノ−ル類がm−クレゾ−ルで、アニリン類がm−トルイジンである請求項2に記載の方法。The method according to claim 2, wherein the phenol is m-cresol and the aniline is m-toluidine.
JP26782898A 1998-09-22 1998-09-22 Method for producing diphenylamines Expired - Fee Related JP4036404B2 (en)

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