JP4035246B2 - Waste disposal method - Google Patents

Waste disposal method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4035246B2
JP4035246B2 JP37533998A JP37533998A JP4035246B2 JP 4035246 B2 JP4035246 B2 JP 4035246B2 JP 37533998 A JP37533998 A JP 37533998A JP 37533998 A JP37533998 A JP 37533998A JP 4035246 B2 JP4035246 B2 JP 4035246B2
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Prior art keywords
waste
metal
treatment agent
titanium oxide
phosphorous acid
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JP37533998A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000176413A (en
Inventor
正毅 川島
雅文 守屋
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Miyoshi Oil and Fat Co Ltd
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Miyoshi Oil and Fat Co Ltd
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Priority to JP37533998A priority Critical patent/JP4035246B2/en
Priority to DE69911481T priority patent/DE69911481T2/en
Priority to EP99102346A priority patent/EP0937483B1/en
Priority to AT99102346T priority patent/ATE250443T1/en
Priority to KR1019990004478A priority patent/KR19990072523A/en
Priority to TW088102082A priority patent/TW399001B/en
Priority to US09/247,548 priority patent/US6137027A/en
Publication of JP2000176413A publication Critical patent/JP2000176413A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、焼却灰、煤塵、鉱滓、汚泥、土壌、シュレッダーダスト等の固体状廃棄物中に存在する有害な金属、有機塩素化物等を無害化し、その後の廃棄物処理工程における取扱いを容易にすることのできる廃棄物処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
工場、研究施設等から排出される廃水、ゴミ焼却場等から排出される排ガス、ゴミ焼却によって生じる煤塵、鉱山から排出される鉱滓、廃水処理の際に用いられる活性汚泥、汚染された土壌等の固体状廃棄物中には種々の金属元素が含有されており、水銀、カドミウム、鉛、亜鉛、銅、クロム等の人体に有害な重金属元素が多量に含有されている場合も多い。これら固体状廃棄物から金属が溶出すると、地下水、河川、海水等が汚染される虞れがある。また、近年、廃水、固体状廃棄物、排ガス等の廃棄物、特にゴミ焼却場等の排ガス中に、ダイオキシン等の有機塩素化物が高濃度で含有されている場合があり、大きな社会問題となっている。
【0003】
近年、金属を含む廃棄物を処理するために、金属捕集剤が広く用いられるようになっており、廃棄物が廃水の場合、廃水に金属捕集剤を添加し、金属捕集剤と廃水中の金属とが反応して生成したフロックを沈殿除去した後、廃水を放流する等の方法が行われている。また廃棄物が固体状廃棄物の場合、固体状廃棄物に金属捕集剤を添加し、固体状廃棄物中の金属を固定化した後、固体状廃棄物をセメント等で固めて埋め立て処理する等の方法が採用されている。また、廃棄物が排ガスの場合、排ガス中に金属捕集剤の水溶液や水分散液を噴霧して、排ガス中の金属を捕集除去した後、排ガスを放出する等の方法が採用されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら金属捕集剤により固体状廃棄物を処理する場合、金属捕集剤の固体状廃棄物への浸透力が低いことに起因して、固体状廃棄物中の金属との反応性が必ずしも充分ではなく、この結果、固体状廃棄物中に含まれる金属の固定化が十分に行えない場合があった。また、金属捕集剤では固体状廃棄物中に含有されているカルシウムを固定化することは困難であり、固定化されていないカルシウムは固体状廃棄物中から水中に溶出し易いため、金属捕集剤で処理した固体状廃棄物を、更にセメント等で固めて最終処分した場合でも、雨等に晒された際に、固定化されていない固体状廃棄物中のカルシウムやセメント壁内のカルシウムが溶出し易く、カルシウムが溶出するとセメント壁が崩壊し易くなるとともに、固体状廃棄物中で金属捕集剤によって固定化されていた他の金属も遊離し易くなる虞がある。また従来は、多量のセメント等を用いて固体状廃棄物を固めて処理することが必要であり、セメント等で固めた後の容積が必要以上に大きくなり、その後の処理や移送において問題があった。
【0005】
更に、近年、廃棄物焼却の際等に有毒なダイオキシン類が発生し、排煙に含まれて排出されることが大きな社会問題となっており、また廃棄物を焼却して生成した煤塵中にもダイオキシン類が含まれている場合がある。しかしながら、従来の方法ではダイオキシン類等の有機塩素化物を含む排煙や煤塵等を無害化処理することは困難であった。更に、従来から熱媒体等として広く利用されていたが、人体に有害であることから近年は使用されなくなったPCBにより汚染された土壌等の処理も、PCBが化学的に非常に安定な物質であることから、従来困難とされていた。従来、ダイオキシン類等の有機塩素化物を処理するには、600℃以上の高温で処理するか、低酸素濃度雰囲気下で400℃以上に加熱する方法が採用されているが、耐熱性に優れた処理装置が必要であったり、低酸素濃度に保持できる特殊な処理装置を必要とし、設備投資が高くつくという問題があった。
【0006】
本発明は上記の点に鑑みなされたもので、固体状廃棄物に含まれる有害金属や、ダイオキシン類やPCB等の有機塩素化物を確実に無害化することのできる廃棄物処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち本発明の廃棄物処理方法は、金属類、有機塩素化物を含有する固体状廃棄物を、光線照射下に酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類とを、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類:酸化チタン=5〜95:955の重量比で含む廃棄物処理剤を、廃棄物に対して固形分としての添加量が0.01〜50重量%となるように添加して処理することを特徴とする。本発明方法において、照射する光線としては、450nm以下の波長のものを用いることが好ましい。また本発明方法において使用する廃棄物処理剤は、酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類との混合物であっても、酸化チタンに、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類が担持されたものであっても良い。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において用いる廃棄物処理剤を構成する、亜リン酸類としては、亜リン酸や亜リン酸塩が用いられる。亜リン酸塩としては、例えば亜リン酸ナトリウム、亜リン酸カリウム、亜リン酸カルシウム、亜リン酸マグネシウム、亜リン酸アンモニウム、亜リン酸水素ナトリウム、亜リン酸水素カリウム、亜リン酸水素カルシウム、亜リン酸マグネシウム等が挙げられる。これらのうち、亜リン酸、亜リン酸ナトリウム、亜リン酸カルシウムが好ましい。上記、亜リン酸や亜リン酸塩は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
【0009】
また次亜リン酸類としては、次亜リン酸や次亜リン酸塩が用いられる。次亜リン酸塩としては、次亜リン酸ナトリウム、次亜リン酸カリウム、次亜リン酸カルシウム、次亜リン酸マグネシウム、次亜リン酸アンモニウム等が挙げられ、これらのうち、次亜リン酸、次亜リン酸ナトリウム、次亜リン酸カルシウムが好ましい。上記、次亜リン酸や次亜リン酸塩は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。また亜リン酸類と次亜リン酸類とは、どちらか一方のみを用いても、両方を混合して用いても良い。
【0010】
本発明において用いる廃棄物処理剤は、上記亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類とともに、酸化チタンを含む。酸化チタンは、アナターゼ型、ルチル型、フルッカイト型等が用いられるが、中でもアナターゼ型酸化チタンが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明方法において用いる廃棄物処理剤における、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類と、酸化チタンとの割合は、重量比で亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類:酸化チタン=5〜95:95〜5であるが、特に、15〜85:85〜15が好ましい。本発明において用いる廃棄物処理剤は、上記酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類とが、混合しているものであっても、酸化チタンに、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類が担持されているものであっても良い。
【0012】
本発明方法において用いる廃棄物処理剤には、必要に応じて水ガラス、消石灰、セメント等の副成分を混合して用いることができる。副成分は廃棄物処理剤の重量の、5〜100重量%程度併用することが好ましい。副成分としては、水ガラス、消石灰、セメントの他に、無機吸着剤、中和剤、金属捕集剤、リン酸類等を用いることができる。
【0013】
上記無機吸着剤としては、例えば、ゼオライト、ベントナイト、活性白土、カオリン等が挙げられる。中和剤としては、例えば硫酸、塩化鉄等が挙げられる。また金属捕集剤としては、例えばジチオカルバミン酸型の官能基やチオ尿素型の官能基を有する公知の金属捕集剤を用いることができる。リン酸類としては、リン酸、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸アンモニウム等が挙げられる。
【0014】
これらの副成分を併用すると、固体状廃棄物中の金属の固定化により固体状廃棄物の無害化処理効果が更に高められる。また中和剤はアルカリ性の廃棄物に用いると効果的である。
【0015】
本発明処理方法の対象とする固体状廃棄物としては、例えばゴミ焼却場において生成する焼却灰や煤塵、鉱滓、汚泥、土壌、シュレッダーダスト等が挙げられる。
【0016】
本発明方法は、廃棄物を光線照射下で、上記廃棄物処理剤により処理して無害化する方法であり、有害金属を含む固体状廃棄物の場合、光線照射下で固体状廃棄物に廃棄物処理剤を例えば噴霧する等の方法により添加し、そのまま静置するか、添加後混練したり、混練後更に静置すること、固体状廃棄物中の金属が廃棄物処理剤により固定化され、固体状廃棄物中から有害金属が溶出し難くして無害化される。また煤塵等に含まれるダイオキシン類等の有機塩素化物や、ダイオキシン類やPCB等の有機塩素化物で汚染された土壌も、上記のごとく光線照射下で廃棄物処理剤によって処理することにより、有機塩素化物が分解されて無害化される。本発明方法では、必要に応じて廃棄物処理剤を水に分散又は溶解させた状態で廃棄物に添加するか、廃棄物処理剤を水とともに廃棄物に添加することができる。廃棄物処理剤を水に溶解させたり分散させて使用する場合や、破棄物処理剤を水とともに添加する場合、水の使用量は、廃棄物処理剤の重量に対し、1〜500重量%程度が好ましい。
【0017】
また本発明方法において、光線照射下で廃棄物に上記廃棄物処理剤を添加して処理する際の温度は、室温から600℃、特に室温〜400℃とすると、処理に特別な耐熱性の設備を必要とせず、通常の処理設備で確実な処理行えるため好ましい。尚、600℃以上の高温に耐え得る設備を備えている場合、特に固体状廃棄物を処理する際の温度を、600〜1000℃、特に600〜900℃とすると、更に確実に固体状廃棄物中の有害な金属をメタル化して溶出し難くでき、ダイオキシン類等の有機塩素化合物の分解も更に促進されて無害化効果が向上するため好ましい。本発明において廃棄物処理剤の廃棄物に対する添加量は、廃棄物中に含有される重金属の量、有機塩素化物の量によっても異なるが、殆どの場合、廃棄物処理剤の固形分としての添加量が、廃棄物に対して0.01〜50重量%となるように添加する。
【0018】
本発明方法は、廃棄物に、酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類を含む廃棄物処理剤により、光線照射下に処理するようにしたため、光線を照射しない状態で処理する場合に比べ、低温で処理することができる効果がある。照射する光線は紫外線を含む光線が好ましく、自然光紫外線、人工紫外線のいずれでもよく、紫外線を含む太陽光を用いることもできるが、特に450nm以下の波長の光線を含む光線が好ましい。
【0019】
本発明方法によって処理した固体状廃棄物は、有害な金属の溶出防止及び有機塩素化合物の無害化が十分施されているので、処理後の廃棄物をそのまま埋め立てて最終処分し、あるいは必要に応じてセメントで固めて最終処分することができる。さらに処理後の廃棄物に、公知の金属捕集剤を添加したり、あるいは更にセメントで固化してから埋め立てる等の最終処分を行っても良い。金属捕集剤を添加したり更にセメントで固化してから最終処分すると、廃棄物中からの金属溶出防止の効果が更に向上する。固体状廃棄物をセメント等で固めて最終処分する場合、本発明方法で処理した固体状廃棄物は従来法に比べ、セメントの使用量が少ない場合でも、固体状廃棄物中の金属が再溶出して二次汚染を生じる等の虞れが少ない。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
実施例1〜10、比較例1
鉛2200mg/kg、水銀0.1mg/kg、カドミウム50mg/kg、ダイオキシン3.7ng/gを含む煤塵100g当たりに対し、表1に示す組成の処理剤を、10gの水とともに、処理剤の添加量(無水物重量)が10gとなるように添加し、450nm以下の波長の光線を照射できる設備を備えたロータリーキルン中で150℃にて2時間養生して処理した。各処理剤で処理済の煤塵と未処理の煤塵各50gを、純水500ml中で常温にて6時間浸とうして金属の溶出試験を行った。純水中に溶出した金属の濃度を原子吸光分析法によって測定した結果を表1に示す。また、処理後の煤塵及び未処理の煤塵中のダイオキシン類の濃度を測定した結果をあわせて表1に示した。尚、実施例1〜6で用いた処理剤は酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類、次亜リン酸類との混合物、実施例7〜10で用いた処理剤は、酸化チタンに、亜リン酸類や次亜リン酸類が担持されているものである。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0004035246
【0022】
実施例11〜20、比較例2
クロム1.5mg/kg、カドミウム0.1mg/kg、鉛1.7mg/kg、及びPCB65ng/gを含有する土壌100g当たりに対し、表2に示す処理剤10gを、ロータリーキルン中で300℃にて40分間養生後、冷却した。各処理剤で処理済の土壌と未処理の土壌各50gを用い、実施例1〜10と同様にして金属溶出試験を行った。溶出した金属の濃度を原子吸光分析法によって測定した結果を表2に示す。また、処理後の土壌及び未処理土壌中のPCBの濃度を測定した結果を表2にあわせて示した。尚、実施例11〜16で用いた処理剤は酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類、次亜リン酸類との混合物、実施例17〜20で用いた処理剤は、酸化チタンに、亜リン酸類や次亜リン酸類が担持されているものである。
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0004035246
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明の廃棄物処理方法によれば、廃棄物中の有害な金属類を捕集したり固定化し、またダイオキシン類やPCB等の有機塩素化物を分解して確実に無害化処理することができる。また本発明方法で処理した廃棄物を最終処分するに際し、必要に応じてセメント等で固める場合、セメント等の使用量を少なくしても固体状廃棄物中の金属等が再溶出して二次汚染を生じる等の虞れがない。また本発明方法で処理した廃棄物はセメント等で固める必要がないか、セメント等で固める場合でも、その使用量を少なくすることができることにより、従来に比べて嵩が小さくて済み、その後の処理工程への移送や処理作業が非常に容易となる等の効果を有する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is baked却灰, dust, slag, sludge, soil, toxic metals present in solid waste such as shredder dust, detoxify organic chlorinated compounds such as, ease of handling in subsequent waste treatment process The present invention relates to a method for treating waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Waste water discharged from factories, research facilities, etc., exhaust gas discharged from garbage incinerators, soot generated by garbage incineration, mines discharged from mines, activated sludge used in waste water treatment, contaminated soil, etc. Solid waste contains various metal elements, and many heavy metal elements harmful to the human body such as mercury, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and chromium are often contained. If metal is eluted from these solid wastes, there is a risk of contamination of groundwater, rivers, seawater, and the like. In recent years, wastewater, solid waste, exhaust gas and other waste, especially waste incinerators, etc., contain high concentrations of organic chlorinated substances such as dioxin, which has become a major social problem. ing.
[0003]
In recent years, metal collectors have been widely used to treat metal-containing waste. When the waste is wastewater, the metal collector is added to the wastewater. A method of discharging waste water after the floc formed by reaction with the metal in the sediment is removed. If the waste is solid waste, add a metal scavenger to the solid waste, immobilize the metal in the solid waste, solidify the solid waste with cement, etc., and landfill it. Etc. are adopted. In addition, when the waste is exhaust gas, a method of spraying an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of a metal scavenger into the exhaust gas to collect and remove the metal in the exhaust gas and then releasing the exhaust gas is adopted. .
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when solid waste is treated with a metal scavenger, the reactivity with the metal in the solid waste is not always sufficient due to the low penetrating power of the metal scavenger into the solid waste. However, as a result, the metal contained in the solid waste may not be sufficiently fixed. In addition, it is difficult to immobilize calcium contained in solid waste with metal scavengers, and calcium that is not immobilized easily elutes into water from solid waste. Even when solid waste treated with the collector is further solidified with cement, etc., and finally disposed, when exposed to rain, etc., calcium in solid waste that has not been immobilized or calcium in the cement wall Is likely to elute, and when calcium is eluted, the cement wall tends to collapse and other metals fixed by the metal scavenger in the solid waste may be easily released. Conventionally, it has been necessary to solidify and process solid waste using a large amount of cement, etc., and the volume after solidification with cement etc. becomes larger than necessary, and there is a problem in subsequent processing and transfer. It was.
[0005]
Furthermore, in recent years, toxic dioxins have been generated during the incineration of waste, and it has become a major social problem that they are contained in smoke and discharged, and in the dust generated by incineration of waste May also contain dioxins. However, it has been difficult to detoxify smoke, dust, and the like containing organic chlorinated substances such as dioxins by conventional methods. Furthermore, the treatment of soil contaminated with PCB that has been widely used as a heat medium has been harmful to the human body and has not been used in recent years. PCB is a chemically very stable substance. For some reason, it was considered difficult in the past. Conventionally, in order to treat organic chlorinated substances such as dioxins, a method of treating at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, or heating to 400 ° C. or higher in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere has been adopted. There is a problem that a processing apparatus is required or a special processing apparatus that can maintain a low oxygen concentration is required, which results in high capital investment.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above, to provide a waste treatment method that can toxic metals and contained in the solid body waste matter, be reliably detoxify organic chlorinated compounds such as dioxins and PCB For the purpose.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, in the waste treatment method of the present invention, solid waste containing metals and organic chlorinated products is treated with titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid and / Or hypophosphorous acid: titanium oxide = 5 to 95:95 to 5 so that the amount of the solid waste added to the waste treatment agent is 0.01 to 50% by weight with respect to the waste It is characterized by being added to the treatment. In the method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a light beam with a wavelength of 450 nm or less. Further, even if the waste treatment agent used in the method of the present invention is a mixture of titanium oxide and phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid, the phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid is added to titanium oxide. It may be supported.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Phosphorous acid or phosphite is used as phosphorous acid constituting the waste treatment agent used in the present invention. Examples of phosphites include sodium phosphite, potassium phosphite, calcium phosphite, magnesium phosphite, ammonium phosphite, sodium hydrogen phosphite, potassium hydrogen phosphite, calcium hydrogen phosphite, Examples thereof include magnesium phosphate. Of these, phosphorous acid, sodium phosphite, and calcium phosphite are preferable. The above phosphorous acid and phosphite can be used in combination of two or more.
[0009]
Further, hypophosphorous acid and hypophosphite are used as hypophosphorous acids. Examples of hypophosphites include sodium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, magnesium hypophosphite, ammonium hypophosphite, etc. Sodium phosphite and calcium hypophosphite are preferred. The above hypophosphorous acid and hypophosphite can be used in combination of two or more. Further, either one of phosphorous acid and hypophosphorous acid may be used, or both may be mixed and used.
[0010]
The waste treatment agent used in the present invention contains titanium oxide together with the above phosphorous acids and / or hypophosphorous acids. As the titanium oxide, anatase type, rutile type, flukeite type, etc. are used, and among them, anatase type titanium oxide is preferable.
[0011]
The ratio of phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid and titanium oxide in the waste treatment agent used in the method of the present invention is such that the weight ratio of phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid: titanium oxide is 5 to 95. : 95 to 5 but 15 to 85:85 to 15 is particularly preferable. Even if the waste treatment agent used in the present invention is a mixture of the above titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid, the titanium oxide contains phosphorous acid and / or hyponitrous acid. Phosphoric acids may be supported.
[0012]
The waste treatment agent used in the method of the present invention can be used by mixing subcomponents such as water glass, slaked lime, and cement as necessary. The subcomponent is preferably used in combination of about 5 to 100% by weight of the weight of the waste treatment agent. As subcomponents, in addition to water glass, slaked lime, and cement, inorganic adsorbents, neutralizers, metal scavengers, phosphoric acids, and the like can be used.
[0013]
Examples of the inorganic adsorbent include zeolite, bentonite, activated clay, and kaolin. Examples of the neutralizing agent include sulfuric acid and iron chloride. As the metal scavenger, for example, a known metal scavenger having a dithiocarbamic acid type functional group or a thiourea type functional group can be used. Examples of phosphoric acids include phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and ammonium phosphate.
[0014]
When these subcomponents are used in combination, the effect of detoxifying the solid waste is further enhanced by fixing the metal in the solid waste. The neutralizing agent is effective when used for alkaline waste.
[0015]
The solid waste to which the present invention treatment method, incineration ash and dust generated in garbage incineration slag, sludge, soil, shredder dust, and the like, for example.
[0016]
The present invention, waste under light irradiation, a method of detoxifying is treated by the waste treatment agent, in the case of solid waste containing harmful metal, the solid waste under light irradiation was added by a method such as for example spraying waste treatment agent fixed directly or stand, or kneaded after the addition, to further stand kneaded metal solid waste is the waste treatment agent It is made harmless by making it difficult for toxic metals to elute from solid waste . Further, organic chlorinated dioxins or the like contained in the soot dust, soil contaminated with organic chlorinated, such as dioxins and PCB soil also, by treatment by waste treatment agent under light irradiation as described above, Organic chlorinated products are decomposed and detoxified. In the method of the present invention, the waste treatment agent can be added to the waste in a state where it is dispersed or dissolved in water as necessary, or the waste treatment agent can be added to the waste together with water. When the waste treatment agent is dissolved or dispersed in water, or when the waste treatment agent is added together with water, the amount of water used is about 1 to 500% by weight based on the weight of the waste treatment agent. Is preferred.
[0017]
In the method of the present invention, when the temperature of the waste treatment agent added to the waste under irradiation with light is from room temperature to 600 ° C., particularly from room temperature to 400 ° C., special heat-resistant equipment for the treatment This is preferable because it can be reliably processed by normal processing equipment. In addition, when the equipment which can endure the high temperature of 600 degreeC or more is equipped, especially when the temperature at the time of processing solid waste is 600-1000 degreeC, especially 600-900 degreeC, solid waste is more reliably It is preferable because the harmful metal contained therein can be made into a metal and difficult to elute, and the decomposition of organochlorine compounds such as dioxins is further promoted and the detoxification effect is improved. In the present invention, the amount of the waste treatment agent added to the waste varies depending on the amount of heavy metal contained in the waste and the amount of the organic chlorinated product, but in most cases, the waste treatment agent is added as a solid content. amount, you added in an amount of 0.01 to 50 wt% with respect to waste.
[0018]
In the method of the present invention, the waste is treated with a waste treatment agent containing titanium oxide and phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid under irradiation of light, so that the waste is not irradiated with light. Compared to, there is an effect that it can be processed at a low temperature. The light rays to be irradiated are preferably light rays including ultraviolet rays, and may be natural light ultraviolet rays or artificial ultraviolet rays. Sunlight containing ultraviolet rays can also be used, but light rays having a wavelength of 450 nm or less are particularly preferable.
[0019]
Solid wastes processed by the present process, since the detoxification of hazardous elution preventive and organochlorine compounds metal is applied sufficiently, and final disposal in landfill waste after the processing directly, or If necessary, it can be cemented and finally disposed of. Furthermore, a final disposal such as adding a known metal scavenger to the treated waste or further solidifying it with cement and then reclaiming it may be performed. When a metal scavenger is added or further solidified with cement and then finally disposed, the effect of preventing metal elution from waste is further improved. When solid waste is solidified with cement, etc. for final disposal, the solid waste treated by the method of the present invention re-eluted the metal in the solid waste even when the amount of cement used is smaller than the conventional method. Therefore, there is little fear of causing secondary contamination.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Example 1
Addition of treatment agent with 10g of water to 10g of water for 100g of dust containing 2200mg / kg of lead, 0.1mg / kg of mercury, 50mg / kg of cadmium and 3.7ng / g of dioxin It added so that quantity (anhydrous weight) might be 10g, and it cured and processed at 150 degreeC for 2 hours in the rotary kiln provided with the equipment which can irradiate the light of a wavelength of 450 nm or less. A metal elution test was carried out by immersing 50 g of dust treated with each treatment agent and 50 g of untreated dust in 500 ml of pure water at room temperature for 6 hours. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the concentration of metal eluted in pure water by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of measuring the concentration of dioxins in the treated dust and untreated dust are shown in Table 1. The treating agent used in Examples 1 to 6 is a mixture of titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and hypophosphorous acid, and the treating agent used in Examples 7 to 10 is titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and the following. Phosphorous acid is supported.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004035246
[0022]
Examples 11 to 20, Comparative Example 2
For every 100 g of soil containing 1.5 mg / kg of chromium, 0.1 mg / kg of cadmium, 1.7 mg / kg of lead, and 65 ng / g of PCB, 10 g of the treatment agent shown in Table 2 was added at 300 ° C. in a rotary kiln. It was cooled after curing for 40 minutes. A metal elution test was conducted in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 10, using 50 g of soil treated with each treatment agent and 50 g of untreated soil. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the concentration of the eluted metal by atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, the result of having measured the density | concentration of PCB in the soil after a process and an unprocessed soil was combined with Table 2, and was shown. The treating agent used in Examples 11 to 16 is a mixture of titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and hypophosphorous acid, and the treating agent used in Examples 17 to 20 is titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and the following. Phosphorous acid is supported.
[0023]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004035246
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the waste treatment method of the present invention, harmful metals in the waste are collected or fixed, and organic chlorinated substances such as dioxins and PCBs are decomposed and reliably detoxified. Can be processed. In addition, when the waste treated by the method of the present invention is finally disposed of, if it is hardened with cement, etc., if necessary, even if the amount of cement used is reduced, the metal etc. in the solid waste is re-eluted and becomes secondary. There is no risk of contamination. Further, the waste treated by the method of the present invention does not need to be hardened with cement or the like, or even when hardened with cement or the like, the amount of use can be reduced, so that the bulk can be reduced compared to the conventional, and the subsequent treatment It has the effect that the transfer to the process and the processing work become very easy.

Claims (4)

金属類、有機塩素化物を含有する固体状廃棄物を、光線照射下に酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類とを、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類:酸化チタン=5〜95:955の重量比で含む廃棄物処理剤を、廃棄物に対して固形分としての添加量が0.01〜50重量%となるように添加して処理することを特徴とする廃棄物処理方法。Solid waste containing metals and organic chlorinated substances, titanium oxide, phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid: titanium oxide under irradiation with light A waste treatment agent comprising a weight ratio of 5 to 95:95 to 5 is added to the waste so that the amount added as a solid content is 0.01 to 50% by weight for treatment. Waste disposal method. 450nm以下の波長の光線を照射する請求項1記載の廃棄物処理方法。The waste disposal method according to claim 1, wherein the light beam having a wavelength of 450 nm or less is irradiated. 廃棄物処理剤が、酸化チタンと、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類との混合物である請求項1記載の廃棄物処理方法。The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment agent is a mixture of titanium oxide and phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid. 廃棄物処理剤が、酸化チタンに、亜リン酸類及び/又は次亜リン酸類が担持されたものである請求項1記載の廃棄物処理方法。The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment agent is one in which phosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid is supported on titanium oxide.
JP37533998A 1998-02-10 1998-12-14 Waste disposal method Expired - Fee Related JP4035246B2 (en)

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JP37533998A JP4035246B2 (en) 1998-12-14 1998-12-14 Waste disposal method
EP99102346A EP0937483B1 (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-06 Treatment method of solid waste
AT99102346T ATE250443T1 (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-06 METHOD FOR TREATING SOLID WASTE
DE69911481T DE69911481T2 (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-06 Solid waste treatment processes
KR1019990004478A KR19990072523A (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-09 Solid waste treatment agent and treatment method of solid waste
TW088102082A TW399001B (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-10 Solid waste treatment agent and treatment method of solid waste
US09/247,548 US6137027A (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-10 Solid waste treatment agent and treatment method of solid waste

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