JP3696676B2 - Method for stabilizing Sb-containing waste - Google Patents

Method for stabilizing Sb-containing waste Download PDF

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JP3696676B2
JP3696676B2 JP34252395A JP34252395A JP3696676B2 JP 3696676 B2 JP3696676 B2 JP 3696676B2 JP 34252395 A JP34252395 A JP 34252395A JP 34252395 A JP34252395 A JP 34252395A JP 3696676 B2 JP3696676 B2 JP 3696676B2
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waste
sulfide
fly ash
water
agent
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JPH09174015A (en
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英三 佐久間
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甲陽化成株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ゴミ焼却飛灰等の一般廃棄物や各種産業廃棄物に含まれるアンチモン(元素記号Sb)およびその他の有害重金属を、難溶性の固体化合物に転化する安定化処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ゴミの焼却灰や焼却飛灰(フライアッシュ)には、有害な重金属が含まれている場合があるので、該重金属を難溶性の固体化合物に転化し安定化する処理を行って、埋立て用等に廃棄されている。安定化処理法の従来技術として、特公平5−77477号公報には、ゴミ焼却飛灰に硫化剤と水を加え、含水量18〜30%として混練し、飛灰中に含まれる重金属を難溶性の硫化物に転化せしめ安定化する方法が示されている。
【0003】
また、本発明者等は、特開平2−203981号公報により、有害重金属を含有する鉱滓、ばいじん、汚泥等の産業破棄物に水を加えてペースト状とし、これを撹拌しながら、硫黄イオンを含有する薬剤およびカルボン酸基を含む有機高分子の水溶液を添加、混練して無害化処理を行い、有害重金属イオンの溶出を防止して廃棄処理する方法を提案している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、ゴミの中には、難燃材、特殊インク、合金類、火薬等に使用されるSbが含まれている場合があり、焼却灰や飛灰にもSbが含まれることになる。また、その他の一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物にもSbが含まれる場合がある。そして、Sbの溶出量は、極微量のppb単位で管理されるべきものであり、上記のような従来技術では、十分な安定化処理を行うことが困難であった。
本発明は、ゴミ焼却灰や焼却飛灰等の一般廃棄物や、各種産業廃棄物に含まれるSbおよびその他の重金属を、簡便な手段で、難溶性の固体化合物に転化するための安定化処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するための本発明は、重金属を含有する廃棄物に硫化物処理剤と水を添加する処理法において、硫黄イオンを遊離する薬剤にカルボン酸基を含む有機高分子を配合してなる硫化物処理剤を添加した後の工程で、酸化鉄と塩化鉄のいずれか一方又は両方を添加することにより前記廃棄物中のアンチモンを難溶性の固体化合物に転化することを特徴とする含Sb廃棄物の安定化処理方法である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明法において、対象とする廃棄物は、ゴミ焼却灰やゴミ焼却飛灰等の一般廃棄物、および、ばいじん、汚泥、鉱滓等の産業廃棄物であり、粉状のものである。塊状のものは粉砕した後、本発明法により処理することができる。硫化物処理剤としては、硫黄イオンを遊離する薬剤にカルボン酸基を含む有機高分子を配合してなるもの(以下、硫化物処理剤Rと記す)を使用する。
【0007】
硫黄イオンを遊離する薬剤とは、水に溶かしたときに硫黄イオンを形成するものをいい、具体的には硫化ナトリウム(Na2 S)、水硫化ソーダ(NaHS)、多硫化ソーダ(Na2 n )、チオ尿素、ソジウムメルカプチッド等をいう。カルボン酸基を含む有機高分子とは、1分子中に多数のカルボン酸またはその誘導体、すなわち塩、アミド、エステルなどを含有する水溶性の合成樹脂を指し、硫化物の微結晶と化学的吸着を行うものをいい、作用としては、多くの微粒子を結合して強固な粗大粒子を形成するもので、単なる荷電や物理吸着による凝集効果とは異なるものである。具体的には、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムが主体をなし、一部アミド、エステルを含有するもので、分子量としては(10〜1500)×104 の範囲のものが好ましい。
本発明法で使用するこのような硫化物処理剤Rの例としては、重金属不溶出化飛灰処理剤RHF(甲陽化成株式会社製商品名)がある。
【0008】
本発明法は、上記のような廃棄物に硫化物処理剤と水を添加して混練する方法において、上記のような硫化物処理剤Rを添加した後、酸化鉄と塩化鉄のいずれか一方又は両方(以下、単に鉄化合物と略す)を添加することを特徴とする。
すなわち、硫化物処理剤Rの添加後、鉄化合物を添加し、ついで水を添加して混練してもよく、水を添加し、ついで鉄化合物を添加して混練してもよい。また、廃棄物に水を添加した後、硫化物処理剤Rを添加し、ついで鉄化合物を添加して混練してもよい。鉄化合物としては、鉄鋼の製造工程で発生する電炉ダスト、スケール粉等の酸化鉄、及び/又は酸洗スラジ等の塩化鉄採用することができる。
【0009】
本発明法によるゴミ焼却飛灰の処理工程例を図1に示す。ゴミ収集ピット1からゴミが焼却炉2に投入され、燃焼したガスは、排熱利用の温水ボイラー3の熱交換器をとおり、排ガス処理装置4内で、ガス処理用のアルカリ剤タンク5より供給されたアルカリ剤で処理される。燃焼熱で舞い上がった煤塵やガスに含まれる酸性物質などが、集塵装置7によって捕集され焼却飛灰となり、清浄となったガスは、煙突8から排出される。集塵装置7で捕集された焼却飛灰は、混合機9に導かれる。
【0010】
一方、希釈タンク10に、硫化物処理剤タンク11から硫化物処理剤Rが一定量毎供給され、焼却飛灰に対して適正な水分量となるよう、また適正な硫化物処理剤Rの添加量となるように水で希釈される。希釈された硫化物処理剤Rの希釈水が混合機9に注入され、乾燥した粉末状の焼却飛灰と混合される。そして、ダストタンク12から鉄化合物の粉末が混合機9に投入されて、混合処理される。混合機9で混合された処理物は、焼却炉2で発生し、灰冷却装置6で冷却された焼却灰を運ぶ灰排出コンベア13に導かれて、灰ピット14に溜められる。
【0011】
本例において、混合機9では、焼却飛灰と硫化物処理剤Rを水で希釈した液とを混合し、その後に鉄化合物の粉末を注入する方式をとっているが、この他、水と硫化物処理剤Rと鉄化合物を、それぞれ別の経路、3経路から注入する方式でもかまわず、また、最終処理物の含水率が適正量になるよう、硫化物処理剤Rの希釈水を充分に飛灰と混合させたうえで、鉄化合物の粉末を水でスラリー状としたものを注入して混合する方式でもかまわない。処理しようとする飛灰は、乾燥した粉末であるため、液状の硫化物処理剤Rを混合するために必要な水分は多いほうが望ましくなる。
【0012】
混合機9は、粉体と水分を充分に混合できるものであればよく、混合不良を起こし粉末が継粉(ままこ)を作るような、未反応の粉体がある状態の機械は使用できない。反応時の温度条件としては、温度が高いほど反応速度は速くなるものの、硫化物処理剤Rが液体であるため、処理対象とするものが水分の沸点以上の温度であれば、急激な水分の蒸発が起こり、ミストの発生やガスの発生などが起こり得ることがあり、作業環境上の難点が発生することもあり、理想的には、対象物温度が常温時に処理をするのは望ましく、水分蒸発を考慮すれば80℃以下が好ましい。
【0013】
【実施例】
都市ゴミ焼却炉で発生した飛灰で、pH=12.26、Sb溶出量=84.2ppb、Pb溶出量=7.7ppmのものをサンプルとして実験を行った。飛灰に硫化物処理剤と水と鉄化合物の調整剤を、この順に添加して混練した。硫化物処理剤としては、本発明例では、上記硫化物処理剤Rの代表例としてRHFを使用した。また、比較例ではNa2 Sを使用した。添加量は、それぞれ、飛灰100gに対して30%水溶液を3重量%混合した。そして、調整剤として、本発明例では、酸化鉄からなる電炉ダストおよび塩化鉄(FeCl3 )、比較例では、PAC(ポリ塩化アルミ)およびHClを使用した。添加量は、それぞれ、硫化物処理剤に対する添加倍量を×0.5、×1.0、×1.5とした。処理後のSb溶出量およびPb溶出量を、表1に示す。
【0014】
本発明例と比較例の結果を比較すると、Sbの溶出値にはそれぞれ効果がある程度出てはいるが、本発明による鉄化合物の処理結果(No.1〜6)は安定した数値を示している。比較例(No.7〜22)は、大きな数値を示しているものがあるため、本発明法の有効性が判明した。また、Sbを処理する目的であっても、Pbも同時に処理できなくてはならず、Pbの溶出値(環境基準値0.3mg/リッター)が高いと意味がないことになる。硫化物処理剤としてNa2 Sを使用した比較例は、Sbは処理できてもPbは処理できていないのに対し、RHFを使用した本発明例は、Sb、Pbともに少ない数値を示しており、本発明法が有効であることが判明した。
本発明例では、Sb溶出量が1.4ppb以下に抑えられ、かつ、Pb溶出量が0.3ppm以下に抑えられた。なお、一般的に、Pb溶出量が抑えられれば、Sbを除く他の重金属の溶出量も抑えられることが判明している。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0003696676
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明法により、各種廃棄物中に含まれるSbを難溶性の固体化合物に転化し安定化処理することができる。そして、本発明法により使用される酸化鉄と塩化鉄のいずれか一方又は両方も産業廃棄物であって、鉄鋼製造工程で発生する電炉ダスト、スケール粉、酸洗スラジ等の廃棄物が有効利用され、同時に処理されることとなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明法によるゴミ焼却飛灰の処理工程例を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1…ゴミ収集ピット 2…焼却炉
3…温水ボイラー 4…排ガス処理装置
5…アルカリ剤タンク 6…灰冷却装置
7…集塵装置 8…煙突
9…混合機 10…希釈タンク
11…硫化物処理剤タンク 12…ダストタンク
13…灰排出コンベア 14…灰ピット[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stabilization treatment method for converting antimony (element symbol Sb) and other harmful heavy metals contained in general waste such as garbage incineration fly ash and various industrial wastes into a hardly soluble solid compound. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Waste incineration ash and incineration fly ash (fly ash) may contain harmful heavy metals, so the heavy metals are converted into poorly soluble solid compounds and stabilized for landfill. It is discarded. In Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-77477, as a prior art of the stabilization treatment method, a sulfurizing agent and water are added to waste incineration fly ash and kneaded with a water content of 18 to 30% to prevent heavy metals contained in the fly ash. A method for conversion to soluble sulfide and stabilization is shown.
[0003]
Further, according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-203981, the present inventors added paste to industrial waste such as slag, dust, sludge and the like containing harmful heavy metals to form a paste, and while stirring this, We have proposed a method of adding and kneading an aqueous solution of an organic polymer containing a drug and a carboxylic acid group, detoxifying the mixture, and preventing disposal of harmful heavy metal ions.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in some cases, Sb used in flame retardants, special inks, alloys, explosives, etc. is contained in the garbage, and incineration ash and fly ash also contain Sb. In addition, Sb may be contained in other general waste and industrial waste. And the elution amount of Sb should be managed in a very small amount of ppb unit, and it has been difficult to perform a sufficient stabilization process with the conventional technology as described above.
The present invention is a stabilization treatment for converting general waste such as garbage incineration ash and incineration fly ash, and Sb and other heavy metals contained in various industrial wastes into a hardly soluble solid compound by a simple means. It aims to provide a method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a treatment method in which a sulfide treatment agent and water are added to a waste containing a heavy metal, and an organic polymer containing a carboxylic acid group is blended with a chemical that releases sulfur ions. in sulphide treatment agent step after adding consisting, by adding one or both of iron oxide iron chloride, wherein the conversion of antimony in the waste solid compound slightly soluble This is a method for stabilizing Sb-containing waste.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method of the present invention, the target wastes are general wastes such as garbage incineration ash and waste incineration fly ash, and industrial wastes such as dust, sludge and slag, and are in powder form. The lump can be processed by the method of the present invention after pulverization. As the sulfide treatment agent, a compound obtained by blending an organic polymer containing a carboxylic acid group with a drug that liberates sulfur ions (hereinafter referred to as sulfide treatment agent R) is used.
[0007]
The agent which liberates sulfur ions, refers to those that form sulfur ions when dissolved in water, specifically, sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), sodium polysulfide (Na 2 S n ), thiourea, sodium mercaptide and the like. An organic polymer containing a carboxylic acid group refers to a water-soluble synthetic resin containing a large number of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, that is, salts, amides, esters, etc. in one molecule. The action is to bind many fine particles to form strong coarse particles, which is different from the agglomeration effect by simple charge or physical adsorption. Specifically, sodium polyacrylate is mainly composed of a part of amide and ester, and the molecular weight is preferably in the range of (10-1500) × 10 4 .
An example of such a sulfide treating agent R used in the method of the present invention is a heavy metal non-eluting fly ash treating agent RHF (trade name, manufactured by Koyo Kasei Co., Ltd.).
[0008]
The method of the present invention is a method of adding a sulfide treating agent and water to a waste as described above and kneading, and after adding the sulfide treating agent R as described above , either one of iron oxide and iron chloride. Alternatively, both (hereinafter simply referred to as iron compounds) are added.
That is, after addition of the sulfide treating agent R, an iron compound may be added, and then water may be added and kneaded, or water may be added and then an iron compound may be added and kneaded. Further, after adding water to the waste, the sulfide treating agent R may be added, and then the iron compound may be added and kneaded. The iron compound can be employed electric furnace dust generated in steel manufacturing process, iron oxide scale powder or the like, and / or iron chloride, etc. pickling sludge.
[0009]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a process for treating waste incineration fly ash according to the method of the present invention. Garbage is thrown into the incinerator 2 from the garbage collection pit 1, and the burned gas passes through the heat exchanger of the hot water boiler 3 using exhaust heat and is supplied from the alkaline agent tank 5 for gas treatment in the exhaust gas treatment device 4. It is processed with the alkali agent made. Dust that soars due to combustion heat, acidic substances contained in the gas, etc. are collected by the dust collector 7 to become incinerated fly ash, and the purified gas is discharged from the chimney 8. Incinerated fly ash collected by the dust collector 7 is guided to the mixer 9.
[0010]
On the other hand, a predetermined amount of sulfide treatment agent R is supplied to the dilution tank 10 from the sulfide treatment agent tank 11, and an appropriate amount of sulfide treatment agent R is added so that the moisture content is appropriate for the incineration fly ash. Dilute to volume with water. Diluted water of the sulfide treatment agent R diluted is poured into the mixer 9 and mixed with the dry powdered incineration fly ash. And the powder of an iron compound is thrown into the mixer 9 from the dust tank 12, and is mixed. The processed product mixed in the mixer 9 is generated in the incinerator 2, led to the ash discharge conveyor 13 that carries the incinerated ash cooled by the ash cooling device 6, and stored in the ash pit 14.
[0011]
In this example, the mixer 9 uses a method in which incinerated fly ash and a solution obtained by diluting the sulfide treatment agent R with water are mixed, and then a powder of an iron compound is injected. The sulfide treatment agent R and the iron compound may be injected from different routes and three routes, respectively, and sufficient dilution water of the sulfide treatment agent R is used so that the water content of the final treatment product becomes an appropriate amount. Alternatively, the mixture may be mixed with fly ash, and then the iron compound powder made into a slurry with water is injected and mixed. Since the fly ash to be treated is a dry powder, it is desirable that the amount of water necessary for mixing the liquid sulfide treating agent R is larger.
[0012]
The mixer 9 only needs to be capable of sufficiently mixing the powder and moisture, and cannot use a machine with unreacted powder that causes poor mixing and the powder forms a splint. . As the temperature condition during the reaction, the higher the temperature, the faster the reaction rate. However, since the sulfide treatment agent R is a liquid, if the treatment target is at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the moisture, Evaporation may occur, mist generation, gas generation, etc. may occur, which may cause difficulties in the working environment. Ideally, it is desirable to treat the object at room temperature, and moisture Considering evaporation, 80 ° C. or less is preferable.
[0013]
【Example】
Experiments were performed using fly ash generated in a municipal waste incinerator with pH = 12.66, Sb elution amount = 84.2 ppb, and Pb elution amount = 7.7 ppm. To the fly ash, a sulfide treating agent, water and an iron compound adjusting agent were added in this order and kneaded. As the sulfide treatment agent, RHF was used as a representative example of the sulfide treatment agent R in the present invention example. In the comparative example, Na 2 S was used. The amount added was 3% by weight of a 30% aqueous solution per 100 g of fly ash. In the examples of the present invention, electric furnace dust and iron chloride (FeCl 3 ) made of iron oxide were used as regulators, and PAC (polyaluminum chloride) and HCl were used in comparative examples. The addition amount was x0.5, x1.0, and x1.5, respectively, with respect to the sulfide treatment agent. Table 1 shows the Sb elution amount and the Pb elution amount after the treatment.
[0014]
When the results of the present invention and the comparative examples are compared, the elution values of Sb have some effect, but the iron compound treatment results (Nos. 1 to 6) according to the present invention show stable numerical values. Yes. Since comparative examples (Nos. 7 to 22) showed large numerical values, the effectiveness of the method of the present invention was found. Also, even for the purpose of processing Sb, Pb must be able to be processed at the same time. If the elution value of Pb (environmental standard value 0.3 mg / liter) is high, there is no meaning. In the comparative example using Na 2 S as the sulfide treatment agent, Sb can be treated but Pb cannot be treated, whereas the present invention example using RHF shows a small number of both Sb and Pb. The method of the present invention was found to be effective.
In the present invention example, the Sb elution amount was suppressed to 1.4 ppb or less, and the Pb elution amount was suppressed to 0.3 ppm or less. In general, it has been found that if the Pb elution amount is suppressed, the elution amount of other heavy metals excluding Sb can also be suppressed.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003696676
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, Sb contained in various wastes can be converted into a hardly soluble solid compound and stabilized. And either or both of iron oxide and iron chloride used by the method of the present invention are industrial waste, and wastes such as electric furnace dust, scale powder, pickling sludge generated in the steel manufacturing process are effectively used. Are processed at the same time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of processing steps for refuse incineration fly ash according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Garbage collection pit 2 ... Incinerator 3 ... Hot water boiler 4 ... Exhaust gas treatment device 5 ... Alkaline agent tank 6 ... Ash cooling device 7 ... Dust collector 8 ... Chimney 9 ... Mixer 10 ... Dilution tank 11 ... Sulfide treatment agent Tank 12 ... Dust tank 13 ... Ash discharge conveyor 14 ... Ash pit

Claims (1)

重金属を含有する廃棄物に硫化物処理剤と水を添加する処理法において、硫黄イオンを遊離する薬剤にカルボン酸基を含む有機高分子を配合してなる硫化物処理剤を添加した後の工程で、酸化鉄と塩化鉄のいずれか一方又は両方を添加することにより前記廃棄物中のアンチモンを難溶性の固体化合物に転化することを特徴とする含Sb廃棄物の安定化処理方法。In the treatment method of adding a sulfide treatment agent and water to a waste containing heavy metal, a step after adding a sulfide treatment agent comprising an organic polymer containing a carboxylic acid group in a chemical agent that liberates sulfur ions in, by adding one or both of iron oxide iron chloride, stabilization method including Sb waste, characterized in that the conversion of antimony in the waste solid compound sparingly soluble.
JP34252395A 1995-12-28 1995-12-28 Method for stabilizing Sb-containing waste Expired - Lifetime JP3696676B2 (en)

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