JP4021951B2 - Anti-gastritis, anti-ulcer and fermented food containing lactic acid bacteria as active ingredients - Google Patents

Anti-gastritis, anti-ulcer and fermented food containing lactic acid bacteria as active ingredients Download PDF

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JP4021951B2
JP4021951B2 JP06897496A JP6897496A JP4021951B2 JP 4021951 B2 JP4021951 B2 JP 4021951B2 JP 06897496 A JP06897496 A JP 06897496A JP 6897496 A JP6897496 A JP 6897496A JP 4021951 B2 JP4021951 B2 JP 4021951B2
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lactobacillus
helicobacter pylori
ferm
lactic acid
gastritis
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JPH09241173A (en
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茂 神谷
勇志 相場
信之 鈴木
直美 小久保
晴久 平田
良民 大橋
孚 前田
泰裕 古賀
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Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は乳酸菌を有効成分とする抗胃炎剤、抗潰瘍剤の医薬品または醗酵食品を提供する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
欧米や日本における消化性潰瘍に対する研究の中から、その治療薬としてシメチジン、ラニチジン、ファモチジンに代表されるH2-受容体拮抗剤、オメプラゾールに代表されるプロトンポンプ阻害剤、さらには胃粘膜保護剤が開発されて以来、消化性潰瘍の手術が激減したように、これらの薬剤は優れた治療成績をおさめてきた。しかしながら、本疾患の維持療法を経て完治したはずの潰瘍が再発・再燃を繰り返す症例が20%前後見受けられ、その原因の究明が急務であったところ、1983年にオーストラリアの病理学者J.R.Warrenと消化器病医B.J.Marshallが胃炎または消化性潰瘍患者の胃粘膜の生検組織にヘリコバクター・ピロリ(Helicobacter pylori)を高率に見出し、本菌の分離培養に成功したことをランセット(J.R.Warrenand B.J.Marshall:Lancet,1273−5,1983)に報告した。それ以来、胃炎あるいは胃・十二指腸潰瘍の発症に本菌が関与していることが次第に明らかになり数多くの報告がなされている。特に消化性潰瘍の再発・再燃を繰り返す症例において本菌の除菌を積極的に試みると、90%以上が再発しないことからも本菌の感染と消化性潰瘍の関連性が臨床的にも明らかになってきた。ヘリコバクター・ピロリは胃粘膜に感染するグラム陰性の微好気性、らせん状の桿菌である。本菌はその強いウレアーゼ活性によって、宿主由来の尿素をアンモニアに分解して胃酸を中和し、胃の中での生育を可能にしているものと考えられている。また、本菌の病原性については細胞空胞化毒素をはじめとする数々の因子が見出されているが、その中でも本菌のウレアーゼによって生じたアンモニアが胃粘膜に対して障害を与えることも近年報告され、病原因子の一つとして注目されている。
【0003】
1994年2月にはNIHのコンセンサス・ステートメント(consensus statement)が発表され、『ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染潰瘍患者は初回あるいは再発に拘わらず胃酸分泌抑制剤に加えて抗菌剤の治療が要求される。』と勧告した。一方、WHOでは1994年12月にはヒトの癌とヘリコバクター・ピロリの関連について疫学的立場からステートメントを公表した。これらの勧告および公表を受けてヘリコバクター・ピロリの除菌治療が消化性潰瘍における新しい治療法として世界中に認知されることになった。これまでペニシリンやアモキシシリン、アンピシリンなどのβ−ラクタム剤、エリスロマイシンやクラリスロマイシン、アジスロマイシン、ロキシスロマイシンなどのマクロライド剤、アルベカシンやゲンタミシンなどのアミノ配糖体抗生物質、テトラサイクリン系抗生物質および抗原虫薬として使用されているメトロニダゾール、さらにはビスマス製剤を用いたヘリコバクター・ピロリの除菌について報告され、実際に欧米ではすでにこれらの薬剤の合剤がヘリコバクター・ピロリの除菌を目的に認可され使用されている。また、近年H2-受容体拮抗剤、プロトンポンプ阻害剤などの抗潰瘍剤において、ヘリコバクター・ピロリに対する抗菌活性を併せ持つ化合物の開発が行われ、製品化されつつある。
以上のように、胃炎あるいは胃・十二指腸潰瘍の治療および再発防止を目的としてヘリコバクター・ピロリに抗菌活性を有する抗生物質等で除菌する試みがなされてきた。しかしながら、これら従来の抗生物質等の投与では通常の感染症治療に使用する量より多く処方する必要があり、また投与期間も長期にわたる。このことは新たなる耐性菌を生み出すことにつながり、さらに副作用の併発も危惧されることから未だ臨床評価が一定せず、これまで有効かつ安全で長期投与が可能な薬剤はなかった。
【0004】
一方、抗生物質に代わるものとして、乳酸菌など安全性の高いプロバイオティックスによりヘリコバクター・ピロリの感染を防ぐ試みもなされており、腸および胃細胞から病原菌特にヘリコバクター・ピロリを排除しうる抗胃炎剤および抗潰瘍剤としてネッスル社は特開平6−98782にラクトバシラス・アシドフィルスの菌株について特定している。しかしながら、イタリアのボローニャ大学消化器病学のE.Bazzoliらは臨床の場で20名の患者に本菌ラクトバシラス・アシドフィルスを8週間にわたって長期連続投与を行い、最終のバイオプシーの結果からその有効性を判断した結果、全く有効ではなかったことを発表しており(E.Bazzoli et al.,Gastroenterology,102,No.4,A38,1992)、今後、真に臨床上有効な乳酸菌を設定していく必要がある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の先行技術に鑑み、本発明の目的はヘリコバクター・ピロリの宿主への定着、増殖を抑える能力を持つ乳酸菌製剤を供し、胃炎あるいは胃・十二指腸潰瘍の発症を防ぎ、治療するのに有効かつ安全なヘリコバクター・ピロリ除菌製剤もしくはそれらの効力が発揮できる醗酵食品を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはヒトの腸内に棲息する有用細菌のうち酸性条件下においても生育可能なラクトバシラス属に注目し、後で詳細に述べるが、ヒト由来のラクトバシラス属の保存菌株の中から、ヒト胃癌細胞(MKN45株)に臨床分離株のヘリコバクター・ピロリを感染せしめたのちに、多数のラクトバシラス属の各々の菌株をチャレンジして胃癌細胞への付着抑制効果に優れた2菌株を選抜した。
【0007】
感染菌であるヘリコバクター・ピロリが宿主の胃壁に定着し増殖し始めると宿主側の生態防御機構の一つとしてサイトカイン(インターロイキン−8)が産生され、この物質によって好中球の動員と活性化が進み、ひいては宿主の胃または十二指腸の組織への好中球の浸潤を招き炎症を惹起する要因の一つになりうる。ヘリコバクター・ピロリの感染は、このようなメカニズムの進行によって、胃炎の発症あるいは胃・十二指腸潰瘍の進展・憎悪もしくは再発・再燃を招く原因の一つであることは間違いないところである。したがって、ヘリコバクター・ピロリの胃癌細胞への付着抑制効果をメルクマールに有用な細菌をスクリーニングすることは極めて重要な意義があることを附記しておく。
【0008】
このように選定した本2菌株について細菌学的性質を調べ表1にまとめた。表1の結果より、本発明のWB1004株はバージーズ・マニュアル・オブ・システマティック・バクテリオロジー、2巻、(1986)および腸内菌の世界、光岡知足、叢文社、(1980)の分類基準に従い、ラクトバシラス・サリバリウス(Lactobacillus salivarius)と同定した。同様にWB1005株はラクトバシラス・ブレビス(Lactobacillus brevis)であると同定した。これらの菌株はラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004、ラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005と命名し、それぞれ受託番号FERMP−15360号、FERMP−15361号として工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に寄託されている。
【0009】
【表1】

Figure 0004021951
【0010】
次に、上記選定されたラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株の両株について、胃癌細胞あるいは無菌マウスを用いてヘリコバクター・ピロリの除菌効果を証明するために下記に示す項目の試験を行なった。
【0011】
1)選定した乳酸菌による胃癌細胞へのヘリコバクター・ピロリの付着抑制試験(フローサイトメトリー法)(試験例1参照)
2)同菌株を用いたヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染胃癌細胞からのインターロイキン−8の産生抑制試験(試験例2参照)
3)同菌株を無菌マウスにモノアソシエイトしたマウスに対するヘリコバクター・ピロリの感染試験(試験例3)
【0012】
以上、3試験の成績から、本発明者らが選定した両菌株は、1)胃癌細胞へのヘリコバクター・ピロリの付着を抑える、2)胃癌細胞からのインターロイキン−8の産生を菌量依存的に抑制する、3)無菌マウスの実験系においてもヘリコバクター・ピロリの感染抑制効果を示すことが判明した。これらのことから、両菌株がヘリコバクター・ピロリのヒトへの感染を食い止めることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0013】
すなわち、本発明は、本発明の有用乳酸菌を用いてヘリコバクター・ピロリの胃や十二指腸への付着および増殖を阻止して本菌を排除するとともに、本菌が誘導するインターロイキン−8の産生を抑えて胃粘膜の炎症を食い止めることによって、胃炎あるいは胃・十二指腸潰瘍の治療あるいは予防に極めて有用な手段を提供するものである。
【0014】
このような宿主と消化管微生物間の相互作用は広く自然界でも観察されており、宿主と微生物との係わりの中で共生、寄生あるいは拮抗現象として理解されている。
次に、本有用乳酸菌の用途について述べる。
【0015】
本発明の有用乳酸菌を医薬品として投与する場合、本有用乳酸菌を有効成分として単剤で投与することも可能であり、また、シメチジン、ラニチジン、ファモチジンなどのH2-受容体拮抗物質あるいはオメプラゾールなどのプロトンポンプ阻害剤さらには胃粘膜保護剤などの合剤を製造して、両有効成分を同時に投与しても良い。これらの製剤は常法に従って種々の形態で投与される。その投与形態としては例えば散剤、顆粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤などの形態が好ましく経口的に安全に投与することができる。これらの各種製剤は常法に従って、主薬に賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、コーティング剤、潤滑剤、安定剤、矯味矯臭剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁剤、希釈剤などの医薬の製剤技術分野において通常使用しうる既知の補助剤を用いて製剤化することができる。投与量においては対象疾患、疾病の程度によって異なるが、例えば成人に対して1日1mg〜2,000mgを症状に応じて1日1回または数回に分けて投与することができる。また、本有用乳酸菌はヨーグルトなどの醗酵食品としての形態あるいはヨーグルト味などの錠菓としても投与が可能である。例えば牛乳や羊乳などにヨーグルト製造上のスターター菌であるラクトバシラス・ブルガリカス、ラクトバシラス・アシドフィルス、ラクトバシラス・ヘルベチカス、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィルス、ストレプトコッカス・ラクチスなどの酪農乳酸菌と本発明の有用乳酸菌を接種し混合培養あるいは各々単独培養後に混ぜ合わせることによって醗酵乳を製造することができる。また、ヨーグルト味などの錠菓については本発明の有用乳酸菌を純粋培養し遠心分離などの方法により集菌後、適切な安定剤を加え凍結乾燥して得られる凍乾菌体を加えて通常の製菓方法に従って例えばヨーグルト味の錠菓を製造することができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
次に実施例をもって詳細に本発明を説明するが、これによって本発明が限定されるものではない。
[試験例1]ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株によるヘリコバクター・ピロリの胃癌細胞への付着抑制試験(フローサイトメトリー法)
1)ヒト胃癌細胞MKN45の培養方法と細胞浮遊液の調製
胃癌細胞MKN45を10%牛胎児血清(FCS)を含む50mlのRPMI1640倍地(GIBCO)を用いて、37℃、7日間、75cm2 のフラスコ内に飽和になるまで培養した。培養後、細胞をセルスクレーパーで剥がし、0.1%のゼラチンを含むハンクス平衡塩溶液(GIBCO、以下HGSと云う)に浮遊させ、細胞濃度約1×106 /mlに調整した。
【0017】
2)ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株の培養と蛍光標識菌液の調製方法
ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株をMRS寒天培地(Difco)のシャーレに画線し、37℃、18時間嫌気培養を行った。培養を終えたシャーレより白金耳で適量菌体を採集しDulbeccoのphosphate buffered saline(−)(以下PBSと云う)にて洗浄後、細胞蛍光標識キットPKH−26(大日本製薬)中の希釈液Cを500μl加え、2μlの蛍光標識色素PKH−26と混合して15分間反応した。その後、0.1%牛血清アルブミンを含むPBSを1ml加えて未反応の色素を吸着せしめて反応を停止し、標識された菌体を遠心分離(3,000rpm、15分)で集め、HGSにて洗浄後、HGSにて菌数を1×108 、1×109 、1×1010/mlにそれぞれ調整し蛍光標識菌液とした。ラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株についても同様の方法で蛍光標識菌液を調製した。
【0018】
3)ヘリコバクター・ピロリの培養と蛍光標識菌液の調製方法
ヘリコバクター・ピロリNo.2097株を10%FCSを含むブレインハートインフュージョン寒天培地(Difco)のシャーレで37℃、4日間微好気培養した。培養を終えたシャーレより白金耳で適量菌体を採集しPBSで洗浄後、細胞蛍光標識キットPKH−2(大日本製薬)中の希釈液Aを500μl加え、2μlの蛍光標識色素PKH−2と混合して15分間反応した。その後、0.1%牛血清アルブミンを含むPBS1mlを加えて反応を停止し、標識された菌体を遠心分離で集めHGSにて洗浄後、HGSにて菌数を1×109 /mlに調整し、蛍光標識菌液とした。
【0019】
4)細胞付着抑制試験
胃癌細胞MKN45の浮遊液0.9mlにラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株の蛍光標識菌液0.1mlを加えて(終濃度109 ,108 ,107 /ml)30分間振盪培養した後、ヘリコバクター・ピロリNo.2097株の蛍光標識菌液0.1mlを加えて(終濃度108 /ml)1時間振盪培養し細胞へ付着させた。培養終了後、15%ショ糖を含むPBS9mlを加えて混和し、遠心分離(1,000rpm、15分)により細胞を集めてHGSで洗浄後、1mlのHGSに再懸濁し、フローサイトメトリー(FACSvantage、ベクトン・ディッキンソン)により分析した。その結果、ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株は菌量依存的にヘリコバクター・ピロリの胃癌細胞への付着を抑制することが判明した(図1)。ラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株についても同様の付着抑制効果が認められた。
【0020】
[試験例2]ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染によって誘導される胃癌細胞からのインターロイキン−8産生に対するラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株の抑制効果
1)細菌の培養と試験菌液の調製方法
ヘリコバクター・ピロリは5%FCSを含むBrucella broth(Difco)10mlを用いて37℃、3日間微好気培養した。培養終了後、遠心分離(3,000rpm、15分)により菌体を集めRPMI1640培地1mlに再懸濁したもの(約2×109 /ml)を試験菌液として用いた。ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株はMRS broth(Difco)10mlを用いて37℃、24時間静置培養した培養液およびそれをRPMI1640培地で10倍、100倍希釈した菌液を試験菌液として用いた。
【0021】
2)胃癌細胞MKN45の培養とインターロイキン−8の誘導産生試験
24穴マイクロプレートの1穴当たり10%FCSを含むRPMI1640培地1.8mlを用いて5×105 個のMKN45細胞を37℃で培養した。24時間培養後、1穴当たり乳酸菌の試験菌液0.1ml(107 ,108 ,109 /穴)を加えて30分インキュベートした後、ヘリコバクター・ピロリの試験菌液0.1ml(108 /穴)を加え、37℃でさらにインキュベーションを続けた。12,18,24時間後に培養液の一部(0.2ml)をサンプリングし、インターロイキン−8産生量をELISA法(QuantikineTM Human IL−8 Immunoassayキット、R&D Systems Europe Ltd.)により測定した。その結果、ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株は、ヘリコバクター・ピロリNo.2097株によって誘導される胃癌細胞からのインターロイキン−8の産生を菌量依存的に抑制することが明らかとなった(図2)。また、ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株はヘリコバクター・ピロリNo.130株、No.132株およびNo.135株によって誘導されるインターロイキン−8産生に対しても抑制効果を示した(図3)。
【0022】
[試験例3]ヘリコバクター・ピロリのマウス胃内感染に対する乳酸菌の防御効果
4週令BALB/cA無菌マウス(♂)にMRS brothで37℃、18時間静置培養したラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株の培養液(2〜4×109 /ml)0.5mlを1日1回、3日間連続経口投与してラクトバシラス・サリバリウスのモノアソシエイトマウスを作成した。4週間飼育後、ヘリコバクター・ピロリNo.112株の菌液[5%FCSを含むBrucellabroth 100mlで37℃、3日間微好気培養した後、遠心分離(3,000rpm、15分)により集菌し2×109 /mlになるようにPBSに再懸濁した菌液]0.5mlを用いて1日1回、3日間連続経口感染させた。感染1,3,6週間後にマウスを屠殺して胃を摘出し、以下の方法で胃内の細菌数を測定した。
【0023】
摘出胃内の固形分を除いた後、胃重量の10倍量の嫌気性希釈液(KH2 PO4 4.5g、Na2 HPO4 6g、システイン・HCl 0. 5g、Tween80 0.5g、寒天0.5g/l)を加えてガラスホモジナイザーでホモジナイズし、ホモジネートを嫌気性希釈液で適宜希釈してからBL寒天培地(日水製薬)のシャーレとスキロー寒天培地(栄研化学)のシャーレに塗布した。ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスの菌数はBL寒天培地のシャーレを37℃、24時間嫌気培養して出現したコロニー数より求めた。ヘリコバクター・ピロリの菌数はスキロー寒天培地のシャーレを37℃、5〜7日間微好気培養して出現したコロニー数より求めた。
【0024】
ヘリコバクター・ピロリNo.112株は3日間連続経口投与により無菌マウスに感染し胃内に104 〜105 /g定着した(図4)が、ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスのモノアソシエイトマウスに対しては感染できないことが明らかとなった(図5)。
【0025】
[実施例1]ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005の乾燥菌末の調製
ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004およびラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005を各々0.3%の炭酸カルシウムを含むブリックス・リバー液体倍地に接種後、37℃、18〜24時間静置培養を行った。培養終了後、7,000rpm、15分間遠心分離を行い培養液の1/100量の濃縮菌体を得た。
【0026】
次いで、各々の濃縮菌体にグルタミン酸ソーダ5%(重量)、可溶性澱粉5%(重量)、ショ糖5%(重量)および硫酸マグネシウム7水和物1%(重量)を含む分散媒と同量混合し、pH7.0に修正後、−40℃以下で凍結してから凍結乾燥を行った。得られた各々の凍結乾燥菌末を60メッシュのフルイで粉末化して両菌株の乾燥菌末を調製した。
【0027】
[実施例2]スターター菌ラクトバシラス・アシドフィルスとラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005の混合培養による醗酵乳の製造
醗酵乳のスターター菌であるラクトバシラス・アシドフィルスを脱脂粉乳11.5%、酵母エキス0.5%、アスコルビン酸0.03%を含む還元脱脂乳培地に接種し、37℃、16時間培養したものをバルクスターターとした。
【0028】
一方、生乳および脱脂粉乳からなる原料ミックスに実施例1で調製したラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005の培養液と先に調製したバルクスターター(ラクトバシラス・アシドフィルスの培養液)をそれぞれ5%づつ接種し、38℃、16時間培養を行い、各々2種類の醗酵乳を得た。本発明の菌株を用いて製造した醗酵乳は風味が良好、かつ美味であり嗜好性の高い製品であった。
【0029】
[実施例3]シメチジンとラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005の配合錠剤の製造
第12改正日本薬局方解説書製剤総則「錠剤」の規定に準拠し、実施例1で調製したラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004乾燥菌末2mg(菌数、5×108 相当)またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005乾燥菌末2mg(菌数、6.5×108 相当)とシメチジン200mg、乳糖(日局)61mg、澱粉(日局)16.2mg、結合剤としてポリビニルピロリドンK25(日局)20mg、滑沢剤としてステアリン酸マグネシウム(日局)0.8mgを加えて均一に混合し、打錠機で圧縮成型し1錠当たり300mgの素錠(2種類)を作り、さらに、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)を用いてフィルムコーティングを施して白色のフィルムコーティングされた錠剤(2種類)を製造した。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明のラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004株またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005株の乳酸菌製剤あるいは本乳酸菌を含んだ醗酵食品を用いて、胃炎あるいは胃・十二指腸潰瘍の発症または再発・再燃に深く関与しているヘリコバクター・ピロリの除菌が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】フローサイトメトリーを用いて選定した乳酸菌による胃癌細胞(MKN−45)へのヘリコバクター・ピロリの付着抑制試験
【図2】ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染によって誘導される胃癌細胞からのインターロイキン−8産生に対する乳酸菌の効果(その1)
【図3】ヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染によって誘導される胃癌細胞からのインターロイキン−8産生に対する乳酸菌の効果(その2)
【図4】ヒト由来ヘリコバクター・ピロリの無菌マウスへの感染と定着
【図5】乳酸菌モノアソシエイトマウスに対するヘリコバクター・ピロリの感染試験[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an anti-gastritis agent, an anti-ulcer drug or fermented food containing lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Among researches on peptic ulcers in Europe and the United States and Japan, H 2 -receptor antagonists typified by cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, proton pump inhibitors typified by omeprazole, and gastric mucosa protective agents Since its development, these drugs have had excellent therapeutic results, as surgery for peptic ulcers has declined dramatically. However, there were around 20% of cases where ulcers, which should have been completely cured through maintenance therapy for this disease, recurred and relapsed, and investigation of the cause was urgently required. R. Warren and Gastroenterologist B. J. et al. It was found that Marshall found Helicobacter pylori at a high rate in the biopsy tissue of gastric mucosa of gastritis or peptic ulcer patients and succeeded in the isolation culture of this bacterium, Lancet (J. R. Warrenand BJ Marshall: Lancet, 1273-5, 1983). Since then, it has become increasingly clear that this bacterium is involved in the development of gastritis or gastric / duodenal ulcers, and many reports have been made. In particular, in cases where peptic ulcer recurs and relapses repeatedly, when aggressive sterilization of this bacterium is attempted, more than 90% of the cases do not recur, and the relationship between this bacterium infection and peptic ulcer is clinically clear. It has become. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerobic, helical rod that infects the gastric mucosa. Due to its strong urease activity, this bacterium is considered to decompose host-derived urea into ammonia to neutralize gastric acid and enable growth in the stomach. In addition, a number of factors have been found for the pathogenicity of this bacterium, including cytoplasmic toxins. Among them, ammonia produced by the urease of this bacterium has also recently been shown to damage the gastric mucosa. It has been reported and attracts attention as one of the pathogenic factors.
[0003]
In February 1994, NIH's consensus statement was published, “Helicobacter pylori-infected ulcer patients are required to be treated with antibacterial agents in addition to gastric acid secretion inhibitors, regardless of their initial or recurrence. ”Was recommended. On the other hand, in December 1994, WHO issued a statement from an epidemiological standpoint regarding the relationship between human cancer and Helicobacter pylori. These recommendations and publications have led to the worldwide recognition of Helicobacter pylori eradication as a new treatment for peptic ulcers. To date, β-lactams such as penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and roxithromycin, aminoglycoside antibiotics such as arbekacin and gentamicin, tetracycline antibiotics and antiprotozoal drugs In addition, metronidazole, which has been used as an antibacterial agent, has been reported on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori using bismuth preparations. In fact, a combination of these drugs has already been approved and used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Europe and the United States. Yes. In recent years, compounds having antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori have been developed and commercialized as anti-ulcer agents such as H 2 -receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors.
As described above, attempts have been made to sterilize Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics having antibacterial activity for the purpose of treating gastritis or gastric / duodenal ulcer and preventing recurrence. However, in the administration of these conventional antibiotics, it is necessary to prescribe more than the amount used for normal infection treatment, and the administration period is also long. This has led to the creation of new resistant bacteria, and since side effects are also feared, clinical evaluation has not yet been fixed, and there has been no drug that has been effective, safe, and capable of long-term administration.
[0004]
On the other hand, as an alternative to antibiotics, attempts have been made to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection with highly safe probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, and anti-gastritis drugs and anti-gastritis drugs that can eliminate pathogenic bacteria, especially Helicobacter pylori, from the gut and stomach cells. As an ulcer agent, Nestle has specified a strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus in JP-A-6-98782. However, E. of Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Italy. Bazzoli et al. Announced that 20 patients in clinical settings were treated with Lactobacillus acidophilus for 8 weeks over a long period of time, and the effectiveness was judged from the final biopsy results. (E. Bazzoli et al., Gastroenterology, 102 , No. 4, A38, 1992), and in the future, it is necessary to set a truly clinically effective lactic acid bacterium.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the conventional prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a lactic acid bacteria preparation capable of suppressing colonization and growth of Helicobacter pylori in the host, preventing and developing gastritis or gastric / duodenal ulcer, and effective and safe for treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel Helicobacter pylori sterilization preparation or a fermented food that can exert its efficacy.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors pay attention to the genus Lactobacillus that can grow even under acidic conditions among useful bacteria that inhabit the human intestine, and will be described in detail later. From among human-derived stored strains of the genus Lactobacillus, After infecting gastric cancer cells (MKN45 strain) with the clinical isolate Helicobacter pylori, each strain of the genus Lactobacillus was challenged to select two strains excellent in the effect of suppressing adhesion to gastric cancer cells.
[0007]
When Helicobacter pylori, an infecting bacterium, begins to settle and proliferate in the stomach wall of the host, cytokine (interleukin-8) is produced as one of the host's ecological defense mechanisms, and this substance mobilizes and activates neutrophils. As a result, neutrophils may infiltrate into the stomach or duodenal tissue of the host, which may be one of the factors causing inflammation. There is no doubt that Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the causes of the development of gastritis or the development, hate, recurrence, or relapse of gastric / duodenal ulcers due to the progression of such mechanisms. Therefore, it should be noted that it is extremely important to screen bacteria useful for Merckmar to suppress the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric cancer cells.
[0008]
The bacteriological properties of the two strains thus selected were examined and summarized in Table 1. From the results shown in Table 1, the WB1004 strain of the present invention is in accordance with the classification criteria of Burgy's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 2, (1986) and the Enterobacteria World, Mitsuoka Tomoashi, Sobunsha, (1980). Identified as Lactobacillus salivarius . Similarly, WB1005 strain was identified as Lactobacillus brevis . These strains are named as Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005, and are deposited at the National Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology under the accession numbers FERMP-15360 and FERMP-15361, respectively.
[0009]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004021951
[0010]
Next, in order to prove the sterilization effect of Helicobacter pylori using gastric cancer cells or sterile mice, the following tests were conducted on the selected strains of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005. It was.
[0011]
1) Adhesion inhibition test of Helicobacter pylori to gastric cancer cells by selected lactic acid bacteria (flow cytometry method) (see Test Example 1)
2) Production inhibition test of interleukin-8 from Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells using the same strain (see Test Example 2)
3) Helicobacter pylori infection test on mice mono-associated with the same strain as a sterile mouse (Test Example 3)
[0012]
As described above, from the results of the three tests, both strains selected by the present inventors are 1) suppresses the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric cancer cells, and 2) the production of interleukin-8 from gastric cancer cells is dependent on the amount of bacteria. 3) It was found that the infection control effect of Helicobacter pylori was also exhibited in the experimental system of sterile mice. From these facts, both strains have been found to stop Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, and the present invention has been completed.
[0013]
That is, the present invention uses the useful lactic acid bacteria of the present invention to prevent Helicobacter pylori from adhering to and growing on the stomach and duodenum and to suppress the production of interleukin-8 induced by the bacteria. Thus, by suppressing inflammation of the gastric mucosa, it provides an extremely useful means for the treatment or prevention of gastritis or gastric / duodenal ulcer.
[0014]
Such interaction between the host and the digestive tract microorganism has been widely observed in nature, and is understood as a symbiotic, parasitic or antagonistic phenomenon in the relationship between the host and the microorganism.
Next, the use of this useful lactic acid bacterium will be described.
[0015]
When the useful lactic acid bacterium of the present invention is administered as a pharmaceutical, it is also possible to administer the useful lactic acid bacterium as an active ingredient as a single agent, such as cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and other H 2 -receptor antagonists or omeprazole, etc. A combination such as a proton pump inhibitor and a gastric mucosa protective agent may be produced, and both active ingredients may be administered simultaneously. These preparations are administered in various forms according to conventional methods. As the dosage form, for example, powders, granules, tablets, capsules, syrups and the like are preferable and can be safely administered orally. These various preparations are pharmaceutical preparation techniques such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, coating agents, lubricants, stabilizers, flavoring agents, solubilizers, suspension agents, diluents, etc. It can be formulated using known adjuvants that can usually be used in the field. Although the dose varies depending on the target disease and the degree of the disease, for example, 1 mg to 2,000 mg per day can be administered to an adult once or several times a day according to symptoms. The useful lactic acid bacteria can also be administered in the form of a fermented food such as yogurt or as a tablet confectionery such as yogurt taste. For example, milk and sheep milk are inoculated with Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus lactis and other useful lactic acid bacteria of the present invention. Fermented milk can be produced by mixing culture or mixing after each individual culture. In addition, for tablet confectionery such as yogurt taste, the useful lactic acid bacteria of the present invention are purely cultured, collected by a method such as centrifugation, and then added with an appropriate stabilizer and freeze-dried cells obtained by freeze-drying to add ordinary lactic acid bacteria. According to the confectionery method, for example, a yogurt-flavored tablet confection can be produced.
[0016]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited by this.
[Test Example 1] Adhesion inhibition test of Helicobacter pylori on gastric cancer cells by Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain (flow cytometry method)
1) Method for culturing human gastric cancer cell MKN45 and preparation of cell suspension Using gastric cancer cell MKN45 in 50 ml of RPMI 1640 medium (GIBCO) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 ° C. for 7 days, 75 cm 2 The flask was cultured until saturation. After culturing, the cells were peeled off with a cell scraper and suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution (GIBCO, hereinafter referred to as HGS) containing 0.1% gelatin to adjust the cell concentration to about 1 × 10 6 / ml.
[0017]
2) Cultivation of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain and preparation method of fluorescent labeled bacterial solution Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain was streaked on a petri dish of MRS agar medium (Difco), and anaerobic culture was performed at 37 ° C for 18 hours. went. An appropriate amount of cells are collected from the petri dish after culturing with a platinum loop, washed with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (-) (hereinafter referred to as PBS), and diluted in a cell fluorescent labeling kit PKH-26 (Dainippon Pharmaceutical). 500 μl of C was added and mixed with 2 μl of fluorescently labeled dye PKH-26 and reacted for 15 minutes. Thereafter, 1 ml of PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin was added to adsorb unreacted dye to stop the reaction, and the labeled cells were collected by centrifugation (3,000 rpm, 15 minutes) and collected in HGS. After washing, the number of bacteria was adjusted to 1 × 10 8 , 1 × 10 9 , and 1 × 10 10 / ml with HGS to obtain a fluorescently labeled bacterial solution. For Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain, a fluorescently labeled bacterial solution was prepared in the same manner.
[0018]
3) Helicobacter pylori culture and preparation method of fluorescently labeled bacterial solution The strain 2097 was microaerobically cultured at 37 ° C. for 4 days in a petri dish of brain heart infusion agar medium (Difco) containing 10% FCS. Collect an appropriate amount of cells with a platinum loop from a petri dish after culturing and wash with PBS, then add 500 μl of dilution A in the cell fluorescence labeling kit PKH-2 (Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and 2 μl of the fluorescence labeling dye PKH-2. Mix and react for 15 minutes. Thereafter, 1 ml of PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin was added to stop the reaction, the labeled cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with HGS, and adjusted to 1 × 10 9 / ml with HGS. And used as a fluorescently labeled bacterial solution.
[0019]
4) Cell adhesion suppression test 0.1 ml of a fluorescent-labeled bacterial solution of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain was added to 0.9 ml of a suspension of gastric cancer cells MKN45 (final concentrations: 10 9 , 10 8 , 10 7 / ml) and shake culture for 30 minutes. And then Helicobacter pylori no. 0.1ml of 2097 strain fluorescently labeled bacterial solution was added (final concentration 10 8 / ml) and shake-cultured for 1 hour to adhere to the cells. After completion of the culture, 9 ml of PBS containing 15% sucrose was added and mixed. The cells were collected by centrifugation (1,000 rpm, 15 minutes), washed with HGS, resuspended in 1 ml of HGS, and flow cytometry (FACSvantage). And Becton Dickinson). As a result, it was found that Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain suppressed the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric cancer cells in a bacterial amount-dependent manner (FIG. 1). The same adhesion inhibitory effect was observed for Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain.
[0020]
[Test Example 2] Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain on interleukin-8 production from gastric cancer cells induced by Helicobacter pylori infection 1) Bacterial culture and preparation method of test bacterial solution Helicobacter Pylori was microaerobically cultured at 37 ° C. for 3 days using 10 ml of Brucella broth (Difco) containing 5% FCS. After completion of the culture, the cells were collected by centrifugation (3,000 rpm, 15 minutes) and resuspended in 1 ml of RPMI 1640 medium (about 2 × 10 9 / ml) was used as the test bacterial solution. For Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strains, a culture solution obtained by static culture at 37 ° C. for 24 hours using 10 ml of MRS broth (Difco), and a bacterial solution obtained by diluting it 10-fold and 100-fold with RPMI1640 medium were used as test bacteria Used as a liquid.
[0021]
2) Culture of gastric cancer cell MKN45 and induction production test of interleukin-8 5 × 10 5 MKN45 cells were cultured at 37 ° C. using 1.8 ml of RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FCS per well of a 24-well microplate. did. After culturing for 24 hours, 0.1 ml (10 7 , 10 8 , 10 9 / well) of lactic acid bacteria per well was added and incubated for 30 minutes, and then 0.1 ml of Helicobacter pylori test bacteria (10 8 / Well) and further incubation continued at 37 ° C. A portion (0.2 ml) of the culture solution was sampled after 12, 18 and 24 hours, and the amount of interleukin-8 produced was measured by ELISA (Quantikine Human IL-8 Immunoassay kit, R & D Systems Europe Ltd.). As a result, Lactobacillus salivaius WB1004 strain and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain were found to be Helicobacter pylori no. It was revealed that the production of interleukin-8 from gastric cancer cells induced by the 2097 strain was suppressed in a bacterial amount-dependent manner (FIG. 2). Also, Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain is Helicobacter pylori No. 130 shares, No. No. 132 strain and No. It also showed an inhibitory effect on interleukin-8 production induced by the 135 strain (FIG. 3).
[0022]
[Test Example 3] Protective effect of lactic acid bacteria against intragastric infection of Helicobacter pylori mice A culture solution of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 strain that was statically cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours in a 4-week-old BALB / cA aseptic mouse (マ ウ ス) (2-4 × 10 9 / ml) 0.5 ml was orally administered once a day for 3 consecutive days to produce Lactobacillus salivarius mono-associate mice. After 4 weeks of breeding, Helicobacter pylori no. Bacterial solution of 112 strain [After aerobic culture at 37 ° C. for 3 days in 100 ml of Brucellabroth containing 5% FCS, the cells were collected by centrifugation (3,000 rpm, 15 minutes) to 2 × 10 9 / ml Bacterial solution resuspended in PBS] 0.5 ml was used for oral infection once a day for 3 consecutive days. After 1, 3 and 6 weeks of infection, the mice were sacrificed and the stomach was removed, and the number of bacteria in the stomach was measured by the following method.
[0023]
After removing the solid content in the isolated stomach, an anaerobic diluent (KH 2 PO 4 4.5 g, Na 2 HPO 4 6 g, cysteine / HCl 0.5 g, Tween 80 0.5 g, agar, 10 times the stomach weight) 0.5g / l) and homogenize with a glass homogenizer. Dilut the homogenate with an anaerobic diluent and apply to a petri dish on BL agar medium (Nissui Pharmaceutical) and a skilow agar medium (Eiken Chemical). did. The number of bacteria of Lactobacillus salivarius was determined from the number of colonies that appeared after anaerobic culture of a dish on a BL agar medium at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. The number of Helicobacter pylori bacteria was determined from the number of colonies that appeared after microaerobic culture of a laboratory dish of skilow agar at 37 ° C. for 5 to 7 days.
[0024]
Helicobacter pylori no. 112 strains were infected with sterile mice by oral administration for 3 consecutive days, and 10 4 to 10 5 / g were established in the stomach (FIG. 4). However, it was revealed that Lactobacillus salivaius monoassociate mice could not be infected. (FIG. 5).
[0025]
[Example 1] Preparation of dried bacterial powder of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 After inoculation of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 and Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 in a Brix River liquid medium containing 0.3% calcium carbonate, respectively. Static culture was performed at 37 ° C. for 18 to 24 hours. After completion of the culture, centrifugation was performed at 7,000 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain 1/100 amount of concentrated bacterial cells of the culture solution.
[0026]
Next, the same amount as the dispersion medium containing 5% (by weight) sodium glutamate, 5% (by weight) soluble starch, 5% (by weight) sucrose and 1% (by weight) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in each concentrated cell. After mixing and correcting to pH 7.0, the sample was frozen at -40 ° C. or lower and lyophilized. The obtained freeze-dried bacterial powders were pulverized with 60 mesh sieve to prepare dry bacterial powders of both strains.
[0027]
[Example 2] Production of fermented milk by mixed culture of starter bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 Lactobacillus acidophilus, a starter fungus of fermented milk, 11.5% skim milk powder, yeast extract 0. A bulk starter was inoculated into a reduced skim milk medium containing 5% and 0.03% ascorbic acid and cultured at 37 ° C. for 16 hours.
[0028]
On the other hand, 5% each of the raw material mix composed of raw milk and skim milk powder is inoculated with the culture solution of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 prepared in Example 1 and the previously prepared bulk starter (culture solution of Lactobacillus acidophilus). Then, it was cultured at 38 ° C. for 16 hours to obtain two types of fermented milk. The fermented milk manufactured using the strain of the present invention was a product having a good flavor, a delicious taste, and a high palatability.
[0029]
[Example 3] Manufacture of a combination tablet of cimetidine and Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 The 12th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia explanation general formulation "Tablet" is compliant with the provisions of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 prepared in Example 1 2 mg dry bacteria powder (corresponding to 5 × 10 8 bacteria) or 2 mg Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 dry bacteria powder (corresponding to 6.5 × 10 8 bacteria) and 200 mg cimetidine, 61 mg lactose (JP), starch (JP) ) 16.2 mg, polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 (JP) 20 mg as a binder, and magnesium stearate (JP) 0.8 mg as a lubricant, mixed uniformly, and compression molded with a tableting machine, 300 mg per tablet Made uncoated tablets (2 types), and hydroxypropylcellulose (HP ) Were prepared tablets (two) which are white film coated by applying a film coating using.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
Helicobacter pylori is deeply involved in the onset, recurrence, or relapse of gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer using the lactic acid bacteria preparation of Lactobacillus salivaius WB1004 strain or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 strain or fermented food containing the lactic acid bacteria of the present invention. Can be sterilized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Inhibition test of Helicobacter pylori on gastric cancer cells (MKN-45) by lactic acid bacteria selected using flow cytometry. [Fig. 2] Interleukin-8 from gastric cancer cells induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Effect of lactic acid bacteria on production (part 1)
[Fig. 3] Effect of lactic acid bacteria on interleukin-8 production from gastric cancer cells induced by Helicobacter pylori infection (Part 2)
[Figure 4] Infection and establishment of human-derived Helicobacter pylori in sterile mice [Figure 5] Infection test of Helicobacter pylori in lactic acid bacteria mono-associate mice

Claims (6)

ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004(FERM P-15360)またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005(FERM P-15361)を有効成分とする、胃または十二指腸からヘリコバクター・ピロリを除菌しうる、抗胃炎剤または抗潰瘍剤。An anti-gastritis agent or an anti-ulcer agent capable of eradicating Helicobacter pylori from the stomach or duodenum, comprising Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 (FERM P-15360) or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 (FERM P-15361) as an active ingredient. ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004(FERM P-15360)またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005(FERM P-15361)を有効成分とする、胃または十二指腸からヘリコバクター・ピロリを除菌しうる醗酵食品。A fermented food that can sterilize Helicobacter pylori from the stomach or duodenum, comprising Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 (FERM P-15360) or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 (FERM P-15361) as an active ingredient. ヘリコバクター・ピロリを胃または十二指腸から除菌しうる能力を有する、ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004(FERM P-15360)またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005(FERM P-15361)。Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 (FERM P-15360) or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 (FERM P-15361) having the ability to sterilize Helicobacter pylori from the stomach or duodenum. ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004(FERM P-15360)またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005(FERM P-15361)を純粋培養して得られる菌体。Bacteria obtained by pure culture of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 (FERM P-15360) or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 (FERM P-15361). ラクトバシラス・サリバリウスWB1004(FERM P-15360)またはラクトバシラス・ブレビスWB1005(FERM P-15361)の菌体を乾燥して得られる乾燥菌末。Dried bacterial powder obtained by drying the cells of Lactobacillus salivarius WB1004 (FERM P-15360) or Lactobacillus brevis WB1005 (FERM P-15361). 請求項1記載の薬剤および本剤とは作用機序の異なる医薬的に許容しうる、胃炎治療剤または潰瘍治療剤との合剤からなる組成物。6. A composition comprising a pharmaceutical agent according to claim 1 and a combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable therapeutic agent for gastritis or a therapeutic agent for ulcers having a different mechanism of action from that of this drug.
JP06897496A 1996-03-01 1996-03-01 Anti-gastritis, anti-ulcer and fermented food containing lactic acid bacteria as active ingredients Expired - Fee Related JP4021951B2 (en)

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