JP4016791B2 - Metal halide lamp - Google Patents
Metal halide lamp Download PDFInfo
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- JP4016791B2 JP4016791B2 JP2002300979A JP2002300979A JP4016791B2 JP 4016791 B2 JP4016791 B2 JP 4016791B2 JP 2002300979 A JP2002300979 A JP 2002300979A JP 2002300979 A JP2002300979 A JP 2002300979A JP 4016791 B2 JP4016791 B2 JP 4016791B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lamp
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- tube
- arc tube
- metal halide
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、環境試験用日射装置等に用いるメタルハライドランプに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、環境試験等に用いる日射装置用光源には、主にキセノンランプ、ハロゲンランプ、メタルハライドランプが用いられてきた。日射装置というのは、太陽光に近い分光分布の光を、自動車の車体や家屋の外壁等に照射し、耐久性等を試験する装置のことである。この日射装置では太陽光に近い分光分布を必要とすることから、それぞれ異なる分光分布を有する複数のランプを選択し、各ランプの放射光の分光分布を制御して、少なくとも特定の波長域において太陽光の分光分布に近似させる混光照明の手法が用いられてきた。また近年、米国環境保護庁のEPA規格より、波長250〜2500nmの領域を4つに分け、各波長領域における放射エネルギーの割合と、照射面の日射量が850±45W/m2であることを規格としている。4つの波長領域の割合を表1に示す。
【0003】
【表1】
【0004】
多くの日射装置ではランプの調光も行い、従来の混光照明の手法では異なる分光分布のランプを複数用いる為、分光分布を制御する手段が複雑になってくる。特に前記EPA規格の放射エネルギー割合に適合させることは困難である。また使用されるランプの中ではメタルハライドランプが長寿命であり、メンテナンスの点からもメタルハライドランプのみで照明されることが望ましいところであるが、メタルハライドランプは一般に調光すると分光分布が大きく変化するため、前記EPA規格の放射エネルギー割合に適合させることはより一層困難である。日射量については、ある程度日射量の出ているランプであれば、ランプの配置位置によって何とでもなるため、日射量の問題はない。調光によってもランプ特性が変化しないメタルハライドランプとして、特開2001−43828で示すように封入物の比率を規定することで、調光してもEPA規格に適合させようとするランプが提案されている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−43828号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、発明者らが検討したところ、上記特開2001−43828に示されている封入物は、発光管材質が石英ガラスであれば特に問題はないが、封入物との反応性が低い分、石英ガラス製発光管より寿命特性が良いと言われている透光性セラミックを使用した発光管に適用すると、特に水平点灯時に発光管が破損することがわかった。この理由は定かではないが、水平点灯では特に放電アークの上方への曲がりにより、発光管上部が急激に加熱され、熱膨張によりセラミック発光管が破損するものと考えられる。実際に試作ランプを作り点灯試験をしたところ、水平点灯では点灯1〜2分ほどで発光管が破損した。
【0007】
そこで、本発明は、例えば日射装置用途などの太陽光に近い分光分布を有するようなランプにおける上記問題点を解消する為になされたもので、調光してもEPA規格の放射エネルギー割合に適合し、またセラミック発光管を使用しても破損等の問題が発生しないなどの、長寿命のメタルハライドランプを提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明のメタルハライドランプは、両端に電極を具備した透光性材料からなる発光管の内部に始動用希ガス、水銀、ハロゲン化テルビウム(TbX3)、ハロゲン化タリウム(TlX)およびハロゲン化セシウム(CsX)が封入され、かつハロゲン化ジスブロシウム(DyX3)、ハロゲン化ホルミウム(HoX3)、ハロゲン化エルビウム(ErX3)、ハロゲン化ツリウム(TmX3)の少なくとも1種が封入され、それら封入量が、モル数で前記Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tmの総量をAとしたときに、Aに対するTbのモル比が0.1〜0.25、Aに対するTlのモル比が0.15〜0.4、Aに対するCsのモル比が1〜2、の関係を満たすことを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明によれば、調光しても、例えばEPA規格で規定されている各波長領域における放射エネルギーの割合に適合するなど、ランプ単体で太陽光に近い分光分布とすることができ、さらに発光管材質として透光性セラミックを用いることで、破損等の不具合が発生せず、長寿命のランプとすることができる。
【0010】
また、定格のランプ電力における前記発光管の管璧負荷が、20〜35W/cm2の範囲内であることが好ましい。この範囲とすることで、例えばEPA規格に適合するなど、太陽光の分光分布に近い放射で、光束維持率を向上させることができる。さらに、調光点灯は、ランプ電力で70〜110%が好ましい。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態により本発明について詳細に説明する。
図1は発光管の概略構成断面図である。透光性セラミック管(アルミナ)からなる発光管10は中央部の本管11とその両端に取り付けられた細管12とから構成されている。細径部13と細管12とはアルミナ製のディスク14を介して気密的に接合されており、細管12の発光管外方端部における内部には電極極芯15に接続した第1の金属からなる電気導入体16と第2の金属からなる電気導入体17及びセラミックスリーブ18が封着ガラス19により気密的に固定されている。電極極芯には第1コイル20と第2コイル21が巻き付けてある。発光管内には始動用希ガスと水銀、DyI3、TbI3、CsI、TlIが封入されている。前記発光管は図示しない支持部材により硬質ガラス製の外球に内蔵されている。
【0012】
発光物質の最適な封入比率を調査する為、DyI3とTbI3の総量をA(mol)として
TbI3/A = 0〜0.3(mol比)
CsI /A = 0.5〜3.0(mol比)
と変化させたランプの試作を行った。TlIは色補正として添加しており、TlI/A = 0.4(mol比)とした。試作ランプの発光管は定格電力時の管壁負荷を23W/cm2で設計し、定格電力400Wで垂直で点灯して、その特性を調査した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0013】
【表2】
【0014】
表2から分かるようにTbI3/Aは320〜400nmの割合に大きく影響し、またCsI/Aは400〜780nmと780〜2500nmの割合に大きく影響することが分かる。表2の結果からはTbI3/A = 0.1〜0.2(mol比)、CsI/A = 1.0〜2.0(mol比)の範囲ならEPA規格に適合することが分かるが、その後の詳細な試験によりTbI3/A = 0.1〜0.25(mol比)、CsI/A = 1.0〜2.0(mol比)の範囲ならEPA規格に適合することが判明した。また色補正として封入しているTlI量についてはTlI/A = 0.15〜0.4(mol比)の範囲なら、EPA規格に適合し、かつ良好な昼光色が得られることが判明した。またこの封入比率の範囲内のランプを調光点灯したところ、ランプ電力で110〜70%の範囲内ならEPA規格に適合することが判明した。
【0015】
そして、本発明に係る上記封入物量における水平点灯時のセラミック発光管の破損の有無を確認した。表2の評価の欄に記載した通り、点灯初期から寿命末期にかけて全く破損は起こらなかった。このことから、上記のとおりの封入物質および封入量とすることで、ランプ単体で太陽光に近い分光分布を得られると共に、ランプの破損を抑制することができることがわかった。
【0016】
試作ランプの発光管は定格電力時における管壁負荷を23W/cm2で設計したが、管壁負荷とEPA規格との適合性を調査したところ、定格電力時の管壁負荷が20W/cm2 未満になると前記封入比率の範囲ではEPA規格に適合しなくなる比率範囲が発生する。要するにEPA規格に適合する封入比率範囲が極端に狭くなることが判明した。管壁負荷を高くした場合、前記封入比率の範囲でEPA規格に適合しなくなることはないが、現状の日射装置用のランプ寿命は3000時間で光束維持率80%以上というのが一般的になってきているため、寿命という点で管壁負荷の上限が制限される。実際、管壁負荷を変化させたランプを寿命試験したところ、3000時間で光束維持率80%以上をクリアするためには管壁負荷が35W/cm2 以下にする必要があることが判明した。
【0017】
なおDyI3の替わりにHoI3、ErI3、TmI3を単体又は複数で添加しても上記に示したような一連の同様の結果が得られた。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば調光してもEPA規格で規定されている各波長領域における放射エネルギーの割合に適合し、また発光管材質が透光性セラミックであっても破損等の不具合が発生せず、長寿命のランプを提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】セラミック製発光管の概略構成断面図
【符号の説明】
10 発光管
11 本管
12 細管
14 ディスク
15 電極極芯
16 電気導入体
17 電気導入体
18 セラミックスリープ
19 封着ガラス
20 第1コイル
21 第2コイル[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a metal halide lamp used for an environmental test solar radiation device or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, xenon lamps, halogen lamps, and metal halide lamps have been mainly used as light sources for solar radiation devices used in environmental tests and the like. A solar radiation device is a device that irradiates a vehicle body or an outer wall of a house with light having a spectral distribution close to that of sunlight and tests durability and the like. Since this solar radiation device requires a spectral distribution close to that of sunlight, a plurality of lamps having different spectral distributions are selected, and the spectral distribution of the radiated light of each lamp is controlled so that at least a specific wavelength range A mixed illumination technique that approximates the spectral distribution of light has been used. In recent years, according to the EPA standard of the US Environmental Protection Agency, the region of wavelength 250-2500 nm is divided into four, and the ratio of radiant energy in each wavelength region and the amount of solar radiation on the irradiated surface are 850 ± 45 W / m 2. It is standard. Table 1 shows the ratio of the four wavelength regions.
[0003]
[Table 1]
[0004]
In many solar radiation devices, the lamp is dimmed, and in the conventional mixed light illumination method, a plurality of lamps having different spectral distributions are used, so that the means for controlling the spectral distribution becomes complicated. In particular, it is difficult to adapt to the radiant energy ratio of the EPA standard. Also, among the lamps used, metal halide lamps have a long life, and it is desirable to illuminate only with metal halide lamps from the viewpoint of maintenance, but metal halide lamps generally change their spectral distribution greatly when dimming, It is even more difficult to adapt to the EPA standard radiant energy ratio. With regard to the amount of solar radiation, any lamp that emits a certain amount of solar radiation can be anything depending on the position of the lamp, so there is no problem with the amount of solar radiation. As a metal halide lamp whose lamp characteristics do not change even by dimming, there has been proposed a lamp that attempts to conform to the EPA standard even if dimming by regulating the ratio of the enclosure as shown in JP-A-2001-43828. Yes.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-43828
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the inventors examined, the enclosure shown in the above-mentioned JP-A-2001-43828 is not particularly problematic if the arc tube material is quartz glass, but the reactivity with the enclosure is low. It has been found that when applied to a light emitting tube using a translucent ceramic, which is said to have better life characteristics than a quartz glass light emitting tube, the arc tube is damaged particularly when horizontally lit. The reason for this is not clear, but in the case of horizontal lighting, it is considered that the upper portion of the arc tube is heated rapidly due to the upward bending of the discharge arc, and the ceramic arc tube is damaged due to thermal expansion. When a prototype lamp was actually made and a lighting test was conducted, the arc tube was damaged after lighting for about 1 to 2 minutes in horizontal lighting.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in lamps having a spectral distribution close to that of sunlight, for example, for use in solar radiation devices, and conforms to the EPA standard radiant energy ratio even when dimming. In addition, the present invention provides a long-lived metal halide lamp that does not cause problems such as breakage even when a ceramic arc tube is used.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a metal halide lamp according to the present invention has a noble gas for starting, mercury, terbium halide (TbX 3 ), thallium halide (inside an arc tube made of a translucent material having electrodes at both ends. TLX) and cesium halide (CsX) is sealed, and halogenated Jisuburoshiumu (dyx 3), halogenated holmium (Hox 3), erbium halides (ERX 3), at least one halogenated thulium (TMX 3) is When the total amount of Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm is A, the molar ratio of Tb to A is 0.1 to 0.25, and the mole of Tl to A is encapsulated. The ratio is 0.15 to 0.4, and the molar ratio of Cs to A is 1 to 2.
[0009]
According to the present invention, even if the light is adjusted, for example, the spectral distribution close to that of sunlight can be obtained by using a single lamp, such as conforming to the ratio of radiant energy in each wavelength region defined in the EPA standard, and further emitting light. By using translucent ceramic as the tube material, there is no problem such as breakage, and a long-life lamp can be obtained.
[0010]
Moreover, it is preferable that the luminous load of the said arc tube in rated lamp electric power exists in the range of 20-35 W / cm < 2 >. By setting this range, the luminous flux maintenance factor can be improved with radiation close to the spectral distribution of sunlight, for example, conforming to the EPA standard. Furthermore, the dimming lighting is preferably 70 to 110% in terms of lamp power.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the arc tube. An
[0012]
To investigate the optimum sealing ratio of the light emitting material, the total amount of DyI 3 and TBI 3 as A (mol)
TbI 3 / A = 0 to 0.3 (mol ratio)
CsI / A = 0.5 to 3.0 (mol ratio)
We made a prototype of the lamp that was changed. TlI was added as a color correction, and TlI / A = 0.4 (mol ratio). The arc tube of the prototype lamp was designed with a load on the wall at the rated power of 23 W / cm 2 and lit vertically at a rated power of 400 W, and its characteristics were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0013]
[Table 2]
[0014]
As can be seen from Table 2, TbI 3 / A greatly affects the ratio of 320 to 400 nm, and CsI / A greatly affects the ratios of 400 to 780 nm and 780 to 2500 nm. The results in Table 2 show that TbI 3 / A = 0.1 to 0.2 (mol ratio) and CsI / A = 1.0 to 2.0 (mol ratio) meet the EPA standards. 3 / A = 0.1 to 0.25 (mol ratio) and CsI / A = 1.0 to 2.0 (mol ratio) were found to meet EPA standards. It was also found that the amount of TlI encapsulated as color correction is in the range of TlI / A = 0.15 to 0.4 (mol ratio), which meets the EPA standard and provides a good daylight color. In addition, when the lamp within the range of the enclosed ratio was dimmed, it was found that the lamp conforms to the EPA standard if the lamp power is within the range of 110 to 70%.
[0015]
And the presence or absence of the failure | damage of the ceramic arc tube at the time of horizontal lighting in the said amount of inclusions concerning this invention was confirmed. As described in the evaluation column of Table 2, no damage occurred from the beginning of lighting to the end of life. From this, it was found that by using the encapsulated substance and the encapsulated amount as described above, it is possible to obtain a spectral distribution close to sunlight with a single lamp and to suppress breakage of the lamp.
[0016]
The arc tube of the prototype lamp was designed with a load on the wall at the rated power of 23 W / cm 2 , but when the compatibility between the tube wall load and the EPA standards was investigated, the load on the tube at the rated power was 20 W / cm 2. If the ratio is less than the range, a ratio range that does not conform to the EPA standard occurs in the range of the enclosure ratio. In short, it was found that the range of the enclosure ratio that conforms to the EPA standards becomes extremely narrow. When the tube wall load is increased, it does not fail to comply with the EPA standard within the range of the sealing ratio, but the current lamp life for the solar radiation device is generally 3000% and the luminous flux maintenance rate is 80% or more. Therefore, the upper limit of the tube wall load is limited in terms of life. In fact, when a lamp with varying tube wall load was subjected to a life test, it was found that the tube wall load had to be 35 W / cm 2 or less in order to clear the luminous flux maintenance factor of 80% or more in 3000 hours.
[0017]
Note that instead of DyI 3 HoI 3, ErI 3, TmI series of similar results as shown 3 above be added alone or were obtained.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even if the light is adjusted, it conforms to the ratio of radiant energy in each wavelength region specified by the EPA standard, and even if the arc tube material is a translucent ceramic, it is damaged. Thus, a long-life lamp can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a ceramic arc tube.
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (1)
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JP2002300979A JP4016791B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-15 | Metal halide lamp |
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JP2002300979A JP4016791B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-15 | Metal halide lamp |
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JP4016791B2 true JP4016791B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
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US7808181B1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-10-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High intensity discharge lamp with terbium halide fill |
CN103456598B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-01-13 | 常州市纽菲克光电制造有限公司 | Small-power metal halide direct current lamp |
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