JP4015413B2 - Methane fermentation method and methane fermentation tank - Google Patents

Methane fermentation method and methane fermentation tank Download PDF

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JP4015413B2
JP4015413B2 JP2001381844A JP2001381844A JP4015413B2 JP 4015413 B2 JP4015413 B2 JP 4015413B2 JP 2001381844 A JP2001381844 A JP 2001381844A JP 2001381844 A JP2001381844 A JP 2001381844A JP 4015413 B2 JP4015413 B2 JP 4015413B2
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増美 清水
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、糞尿、おから、焼酎製造残渣、生ゴミ等の有機性廃棄物を嫌気性微生物により発酵処理するためのメタン発酵方法並びにメタン発酵槽に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
糞尿、おから、焼酎製造残渣、生ゴミ等の有機性廃棄物を嫌気性微生物により発酵処理するための設備として、各種のメタン発酵槽が提案されている。しかし、従来のメタン発酵槽では密閉性が十分でないため臭気、衛生害虫の発生や土壌・地下水汚染（例えば病原性大腸菌Ｏ−１５７の繁殖や、寄生性原虫のクリプトスポリジウムや、発ガン性物質の亜硝酸塩の原因物質である硝酸性窒素等による汚染）の原因となっている。また、自己加温以外に利用できるエネルギーが少なく、発酵効率が低いという課題があった。さらに、安定運転ができず、過小設計や過剰発酵等による発泡現象や、固形分の沈殿、特に粗大固形分の堆積、ｐＨの異常や硫化物によるバクテリアの死滅等により、メタンの発生が一定しないという課題もあった。その上、発酵槽を機械的に撹拌する方法が提案されているが、発酵菌を高濃度維持することができない上に、エネルギ消費の増大とメンテナンスの必要性という課題もある。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、メタン発酵槽の環境を保護しつつ、発酵効率が高く安定運転が連続して可能であり、発酵菌を高濃度に維持するメタン発酵槽とが必要とされてきている。
また、メタンガスと有機性廃棄物とを完全に分離させることも従来からの課題であった。メタンガスが有機性廃棄物に混合した状態で排出され収率が低下している。
【０００４】
本発明は前記した課題に鑑みてなされたもので、有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理と移送処理とを効率的に行い、安定運転ができるメタン発酵方法を提供するものである。
また、メタンガスと有機性廃棄物とを完全に分離させるメタン発酵槽の提供をするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、本発明に係るメタン発酵方法は、円形若しくは正多角形に形成された底板と、この底板上の中央部に立設された第１の筒状体と、この第１の筒状体を取り囲むように前記底板上の周縁部に立設された第２の筒状体と、これら第１及び第２の筒状体の上端開口部を閉塞する天板と、この天板の中央部に形成された投入口から有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体の内側に形成された加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入する有機性廃棄物投入手段と、前記加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入された有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体と第２の筒状体との間に形成されたメタン発酵室に案内導入する有機性廃棄物導入手段とを具備してなるメタン発酵槽で有機性廃棄物を発酵させるメタン発酵方法であって、有機性廃棄物はバッチ方式で投入され、投入された有機性廃棄物はさらに押出し流れとなり、バッチ方式は、一度に投入する有機性廃棄物の量が有機性廃棄物案内管の上側開口部下端を上回る量であるメタン発酵方法において、有機性廃棄物の加水分解及び酸発酵工程は有機性廃棄物が加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入口から導入されて、反応が進行した有機性廃棄物が底部に位置するプラグフロー法である。メタン発酵室での押出し流れは、有機性廃棄物の発酵反応がメタン発酵室の底部から開始され、メタン発酵室の上層に上昇するにつれて発酵が進行するが好ましく、押出し流れは、予め有機性廃棄物中の固形分を十分に破砕してから行なうことが好ましく、押出し流れは、予め有機性廃棄物を加温してから加水分解および酸発酵室に投入することが好ましい。
【０００６】
本願発明に係るメタン発酵槽は、円形若しくは正多角形に形成された底板と、この底板上の中央部に立設された第１の筒状体と、この第１の筒状体を取り囲むように前記底板上の周縁部に立設された第２の筒状体と、これら第１及び第２の筒状体の上端開口部を閉塞する天板と、この天板の中央部に形成された投入口から有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体の内側に形成された加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入する有機性廃棄物投入手段と、前記加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入された有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体と第２の筒状体との間に形成されたメタン発酵室に案内導入する有機性廃棄物導入手段とを具備し、前記天板は、前記有機性廃棄物を前記メタン発酵室から取り出すと共に前記メタン発酵室からメタンを取り出す廃棄物及びメタン取出し手段を有し、前記廃棄物及びメタン取出し手段は、前記天板に穿設された貫通孔を通じて前記メタン発酵室と連通する連通室を前記天板上に形成し、この連通室の上部に接続されたメタン捕集管と、前記連通室に設けられた廃液管とを含んで構成されることを特徴とするメタン発酵槽であって、前記メタン取出し手段は、その内部に前記廃液管と接続されて天板以下に突設される連通室形成管部を備えるメタン発酵槽において、連通室形成管部は、その管下部がＪ字形状からなる。連通室形成管部は、その柱頭が上方向に開口されることが好ましい。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【０００８】
図１は本発明の一実施形態のメタン発酵方法に係るメタン発酵槽の平面図で、図２は図１の線II−IIに沿う断面図である。図１及び図２において、符号１０は本発明の一実施形態のメタン発酵方法に係るメタン発酵槽を示し、このメタン発酵槽１０は、円形状の鋼製底板１２と、この底板１２上の中央部に立設された第１の筒状体１４と、この第１の筒状体１４を取り囲むように底板１２上の周縁部に立設された第２の筒状体１６と、これら筒状体１４，１６の上端開口部を気密に閉塞する鋼製の天板１８とを備えて構成されている。
【０００９】
第１の筒状体１４及び第２の筒状体１６は、底板１２及び天板１８と同様に鉄鋼材料で形成されている。また、これらの筒状体１４，１６は円筒形状をなしており、その下端部は底板１２の上面に、また上端部は天板１８の下面にそれぞれ全周にわたってシール溶接されている。
【００１０】
天板１８は底板１２と同様に円形状に形成されており、この天板１８の上面には、天板１８の中央部に形成された投入口２０から有機性廃棄物を第１の筒状体１４の内側に形成された加水分解及び酸発酵室２２に投入する有機性廃棄物投入構造体２４と、加水分解及び酸発酵室２２に投入された有機性廃棄物を第１の筒状体１４と第２の筒状体１６との間に形成されたメタン発酵室２６に案内導入する有機性廃棄物導入構造体２８と、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵室２６から取り出すと共にメタン発酵室２６からメタンを取り出す廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体３０とが設けられている。
【００１１】
図３は、有機性廃棄物投入構造体２４および有機性廃棄物導入構造体２８の構造を示す断面図である。同図に示されるように、有機性廃棄物投入手段としての有機性廃棄物投入構造体２４は、投入口２０の周縁部を取り囲むように天板１８上に立設された天板付き筒体２４ａを備えており、この天板付き筒体２４ａの上面には、天板付き筒体２４ａ内に有機性廃棄物を供給する有機性廃棄物供給管２４ｂが接続されていると共に排ガス管２４ｃ（図１参照）が接続されている。
【００１２】
一方、有機性廃棄物導入手段としての有機性廃棄物導入構造体２８は、天板１８上に密閉チャンバ２８ａを形成するチャンバ部材２８ｂを備えており、密閉チャンバ２８ａは天板付き筒体２４ａの周囲に形成されている。また、有機性廃棄物導入構造体２８は加水分解及び酸発酵室２２内の有機性廃棄物を密閉チャンバ２８ａ内に案内する第１の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｃを備えており、この案内管２８ｃの入口端は加水分解及び酸発酵室２２内の下部付近に設けられている（図２参照）。さらに、有機性廃棄物導入構造体２８は密閉チャンバ２８ａ内の有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵室２６内に案内する第２の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄを備えており、この案内管２８ｄの出口端はメタン発酵室２６内の下部付近に設けられている（図２参照）。
【００１３】
図４は、廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体３０の構造を示す断面図である。同図に示されるように、廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体３０が、天板１８に穿設された貫通孔１８ａを通じてメタン発酵室２６と連通する連通室３０ａを天板上１８に形成され、連通室３０ａに接続されるメタン捕集管３０ｃと、廃液管３０ｂとを含んで構成されている。メタン捕集管３０ｃは、廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体３０から外部へ突設される。さらに、廃液管３０ｂは、天板以下に突設される連通室形成管部３４と接続され、連通室３０ａに組込まれてシールされる。この連通室形成管部３４は、その管下部がＪ字形状４０からなり、その柱頭部３６が上方向に開口される。さらに連通室形成管部３４は、柱頭部３６と天板１８との中間となる特定の高さ３０ｅで廃液管３０ｂと溶接により接続される。廃液管３０ｂは、廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体３０を貫通してシール部４２へ突設される。シール部４２は、廃液管３０ｂと接続される特定の深さを有して廃液を滞留させる容器から構成され、その天上部から容器内を二分する遮蔽板４４が下向きに設けられる。この遮蔽板４４は、シール部４２の底面までは遮蔽しないが、その底部が高さ３０ｅよりも十分低い高さまで遮蔽するとともに、一定の開口部を有するように構成される。さらに、シール部４２において遮蔽板４４によって二分された空間の内、連通室３０ａ側のシール部４２上面と、連通室３０ａ側壁とはメタン連通管４６によって連通される。ここで連通室形成管部３４下部は、その管下部開口部３８が、管下部の最下点３９より高い位置で開口する。このように構成することで、廃液の液面が廃液管３０ｂ上部より高い場合は、廃棄物より軽い気体、例えばメタンガス等は一切、開口部３８から入ったとしても柱頭部３６側へは到達せず、当然、廃液管３０ｂへも到達しない。また、図４において、最下点３９より左側の連通室形成管内部でメタンガス等が発生しても、そのガスは柱頭部３６へ到達して、廃液管３０ｂには到達しない。廃液の液面が廃液管３０ｂ上部より低い場合は、廃液面が高さ３０ｅより低下しても、シール部４２に廃液が滞留しているので、メタンガスは遮蔽板４４によって遮蔽されてシール部４２より図面右側に侵入できない。このとき、廃液面が上昇した場合に、シール部４２内のメタンガスはメタン連通管４６より連通室３０ａに逃すことができる。このように構成することで、メタンガスはシール部４２より右側へは侵入せずに必ずメタン捕集管３０ｃに捕集される。または、廃液管３０ｂの径が十分太く廃液面上にシール部４２まで気相を常に保つことができる場合も、メタンガスはシール部４２より右側へは侵入せずに必ずメタン捕集管３０ｃに捕集される。さらに、廃液管３０ｂの径が十分太く廃液面上にシール部４２まで気相を常に保つことができる場合には、メタン連通管４６を連通しなくとも良い。一方、廃液管の底部の高さ３０ｅは、有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄの上側開口部の底面を２８ｅとすると２８ｅより低い位置とされる。このように構成することで、バッチ処理時に、有機性廃棄物投入時に投入量が２８ｅを超える量であれば、当然に開口部３８より入った廃液は廃液管３０ｂを通過して排出される。
【００１４】
メタン発酵室２６内には、網状のメタン菌保持体３２が第１の筒状体１４を中心軸として放射状に複数設けられている（図１及び図２参照）。これらのメタン菌保持体３２は有機性廃棄物中のメタン菌を保持してメタン発酵室２６内のメタン菌濃度を高濃度に保つためのものであり、底板１２に対し斜めに設けられている。
【００１５】
上記の構成において、本発明によるメタン発酵方法の第一の工程は、有機性廃棄物を有機性廃棄物導入構造体２８から導入する工程である。導入工程は、一定量の有機性廃棄物を一度に流しこむ工程であり、その量は、加水分解及び酸発酵室２２内部の有機性廃棄物が第一の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｃより更に噴出して密閉チャンバ２８ａ内の第２の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄの開口部を上回る量を加える必要がある。この導入に先立ち有機性廃棄物の固形分は十分に破砕する必要がある。すなわち、プラグフロー法で反応を順調に実施するためには有機性廃棄物の固形分を細粒化させて反応を促進する必要があるからである。また、導入時に有機性廃棄物は加温する必要がある。好適には３７度が望ましい。加水分解及び酸発酵室２２内部での反応温度は３７度程度であり、導入する有機性廃棄物が低温であると温度が上昇するまで反応が進行せず、タイムロスとなるからである。
【００１６】
通常は、第２の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄの開口部下端と同水位の有機性廃棄物が満たされ、そこに第２の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄの上側の開口部下端を投入時に上回る量を導入することで第一の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｃの底部の有機性廃棄物から、メタン発酵室へ導入可能となる。この導入回数は、１日に複数回の割合とすることで一時的に案内管の流れを速めて管内の閉塞を防止できる。この導入方式がバッチ方式である。
【００１７】
次の工程は、有機性廃棄物の加水分解及び酸発酵工程である。ここで、加水分解及び酸発酵室２２には投入口から有機性廃棄物が導入されるため時間的に先に導入したものが底部に存在し、時間的に後から導入した有機性廃棄物が上部に積層される。このため、反応が進行した有機性廃棄物ほど底部に位置する。この方式の導入方法が押出し式導入法すなわちプラグフロー法である。プラグフロー法することで発酵率を向上させることができる。
【００１８】
さらに、次の工程は、密閉チャンバ２８ａへの移送工程である。第一の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｃが加水分解及び酸発酵室２２の底部から、密閉チャンバ２８ａへ設けられているため、底部にある有機性廃棄物のみが密閉チャンバ２８ａに移送される。すなわち、反応が最も進行した有機性廃棄物が移送されることとなり効率が良い。本願発明は、撹拌器がある槽と異なり後から導入される未反応の有機性廃棄物と反応済みの有機性廃棄物とが撹拌されて混合物が取出されることがなく、反応済みの有機性廃棄物が密閉チャンバーへ移動する。このため、反応性が高くなったもののみを移送する。また、第一の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｃ開口部が加水分解及び酸発酵室２２の底部にあるため、硫化水素等のガスが第一の有機性廃棄物案内管を通過することは困難であり、従って、硫化水素等が加水分解及び酸発酵室２２から密閉チャンバ２８ａまたはメタン発酵室２６へ移送されることは難しい。これによりメタンガス中の硫化水素濃度が低く抑えられるために比較的容易にメタンガスから硫化水素除去が行なえる。
【００１９】
その次の工程は、メタン発酵室２６への移送工程である。有機性廃棄物は、バッチ処理により第一の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｃを通過して密閉チャンバ２８ａへ移送される。有機性廃棄物は、その水面が上昇し、やがて第２の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄの開口部底部を上回った場合に有機性廃棄物がメタン発酵室２６へ導入される。ここで、バッチ処理であるため、大量に有機性廃棄物が導入されその結果、有機性廃棄物案内管の内部が固形物により詰まった場合でもその有機性廃棄物の水流により押出されて除去される。
【００２０】
続く工程は、メタン発酵工程である。第２の有機性廃棄物案内管２８ｄが底部にその開口部を有するため、底部に最新の有機性廃棄物が蓄積される。ここでは、網状のメタン菌保持体３２があるため、メタン菌が有機性廃棄物と共に排出されることが無く高濃度にメタン菌を保持できる。また、その導入および反応についてもプラグフロー方法となる。
【００２１】
最後の工程が、メタン及び廃棄物取出し工程である。メタン及び廃棄物は、廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体３０から取出される。これらの工程は総て密閉された構造であるため、外部に廃棄ガスを放出しない。
【００２２】
以上のように、酸発酵とメタン発酵とを分けて行ない、メタン発酵菌を網状の担体に充填し、押出し流れで有機性廃棄物スラリーを移送することにより、単位原料当たりのメタンの発生量すなわち有機成分の分解率は８０％以上と大きい。
【００２３】
また、二重円筒状の槽で発酵する為、円筒を別個に設ける従来のメタン発酵方法と比較して省スペースとすることが可能である。さらに、撹拌器を使用せず、連通管でスラリーを酸発酵室からメタン発酵室へ移送するため省エネルギーである。しかも、地下埋め込みの槽を採用したため、保温性が保たれ寒冷地での建設にも適している。
【００２４】
密閉した槽内で発酵させるため、臭気、害虫発生、土壌、水質汚染が無く、温暖化ガスの発生も低い。さらに、発生メタンガスのエネルギーを電気や温水としてコジェネレーションを図ることが可能であり、また、蒸気としても回収が可能であり、外部からのエネルギーを殆ど調達することなく運用可能である。さらに、メタン発酵後の有機性廃棄物は、臭気が無く、窒素、燐、カリウム成分に富む中性の扱いやすい肥料が作成される。
【００２５】
また、無撹拌で動力を使用しないため、運転管理が容易であり、事故発生時も押出し流れ方式であるため入れ替えが容易である。有機性廃棄物としては、蒸留酒残渣、牛豚糞尿、畜殺場廃棄物等に適用可能であり、廃棄容量は大型から小型まで対応可能である。
【００２６】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係るメタン発酵方法によれば、有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理と移送処理とを効率的に行い、安定運転ができる。また、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理する場合に酸発酵用とメタン発酵用の２基のタンクを設置しなくても良いので、省スペース化を図ることができ、設置スペースに余裕のない場所であっても有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理を効率的に行うことができる。また、従来の方法に比べて外気との接触面積が少なくなり、これに伴って放熱量が低減されるので、省エネルギー化を図ることができる。さらに、加水分解及び酸発酵室で発生した硫化水素等のガスが有機性廃棄物と一緒にメタン発酵室へ流入することを防止できる。また、ポンプ等の動力機器を用いることなく有機性廃棄物を加水分解及び酸発酵室からメタン発酵室へ移送することができる。また、メタン菌発酵室に網状のメタン菌保持体を放射状に複数傾斜状に設けてメタン菌を固定保持することにより、メタン発酵室内のメタン菌濃度を高濃度に保つことができ、メタン菌を再成長させるためのエネルギーロスもない。
さらに、連通室形成管部の管下部がＪ字形状となることでメタンガスと有機性廃棄物を完全に分離して回収することが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施形態のメタン発酵方法に係るメタン発酵槽の平面図である。
【図２】図１の線II−IIに沿う断面図である。
【図３】有機性廃棄物投入構造体と有機性廃棄物導入構造体の構造を示す断面図である。
【図４】廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体の構造を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１２ 底板
１４ 第１の筒状体
１６ 第２の筒状体
１８ 天板
２０ 投入口
２２ 加水分解及び酸発酵室
２４ 有機性廃棄物投入構造体
２４ａ 天板付き筒体
２４ｂ 有機性廃棄物供給管
２４ｃ 排ガス管
２６ メタン発酵室
２８ 有機性廃棄物導入構造体
２８ａ 密閉チャンバ
２８ｂ チャンバ部材
２８ｃ 第１の有機性廃棄物案内管
２８ｄ 第２の有機性廃棄物案内管
３０ 廃棄物及びメタン取出し構造体
３０ａ 連通室
３０ｂ 廃液管
３０ｃ メタン捕集管
３２ メタン菌保持体[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a methane fermentation method and a methane fermentation tank for fermenting organic waste such as manure, okara, shochu manufacturing residue, and raw garbage with anaerobic microorganisms.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various methane fermenters have been proposed as equipment for fermenting organic waste such as manure, okara, shochu manufacturing residue, and raw garbage with anaerobic microorganisms. However, the conventional methane fermenters are not sufficiently sealed so that odors, sanitary pests and soil / groundwater contamination (eg, propagation of pathogenic E. coli O-157, parasitic protozoa Cryptosporidium, and carcinogenic substances) Contamination due to nitrate nitrogen, which is a causative substance of nitrite). Moreover, there was a subject that there was little energy other than self-heating and fermentation efficiency was low. Furthermore, stable operation is not possible, and the generation of methane is not constant due to foaming due to under-design and over-fermentation, solids precipitation, especially deposits of coarse solids, abnormal pH, and bacterial death due to sulfides. There was also a problem. In addition, a method of mechanically stirring the fermenter has been proposed. However, the fermenting bacteria cannot be maintained at a high concentration, and there are also problems of increased energy consumption and necessity of maintenance.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, there is a need for a methane fermenter that protects the environment of the methane fermenter, has a high fermentation efficiency, can be stably operated continuously, and maintains a high concentration of fermenting bacteria.
Further, it has been a conventional problem to completely separate methane gas and organic waste. Methane gas is discharged in a state mixed with organic waste, and the yield is reduced.
[0004]
This invention is made | formed in view of an above described subject, and provides the methane fermentation method which can perform the methane fermentation process and transfer process of organic waste efficiently, and can perform a stable operation.
In addition, the present invention provides a methane fermentation tank that completely separates methane gas and organic waste.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a methane fermentation method according to the present invention includes a bottom plate formed in a circular shape or a regular polygon, a first tubular body erected in the center of the bottom plate, and the first plate. A second cylindrical body erected on the peripheral edge of the bottom plate so as to surround the cylindrical body, a top plate for closing the upper end openings of the first and second cylindrical bodies, Organic waste charging means for charging organic waste into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber formed inside the first cylindrical body from the charging port formed in the center of the plate, the hydrolysis and An organic waste introduction means for guiding and introducing the organic waste charged into the acid fermentation chamber into the methane fermentation chamber formed between the first cylindrical body and the second cylindrical body. a methane fermentation process of fermenting organic waste in methane fermentation tank made of Te, organic waste is introduced batchwise In the methane fermentation method, the amount of organic waste charged at one time exceeds the lower end of the upper opening of the organic waste guide tube. The organic waste hydrolysis and acid fermentation process is a plug flow method in which organic waste is introduced from the inlet into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber, and the organic waste that has undergone the reaction is located at the bottom. . The extrusion flow in the methane fermentation chamber is preferably such that the fermentation reaction of organic waste starts from the bottom of the methane fermentation chamber and the fermentation proceeds as it rises to the upper layer of the methane fermentation chamber. It is preferable that the solid content in the product is sufficiently crushed, and the extrusion flow is preferably performed by heating the organic waste in advance and then introducing it into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber.
[0006]
The methane fermenter according to the present invention includes a bottom plate formed in a circular shape or a regular polygon, a first cylindrical body erected at the center of the bottom plate, and surrounding the first cylindrical body. A second cylindrical body erected on the peripheral edge of the bottom plate, a top plate for closing the upper end openings of the first and second cylindrical bodies, and a central portion of the top plate. Organic waste charging means for charging organic waste into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber formed inside the first cylindrical body from the charging port, and charged into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber Organic waste introduction means for guiding and introducing organic waste into a methane fermentation chamber formed between the first cylindrical body and the second cylindrical body, Waste from which organic waste is taken out from the methane fermentation chamber and methane is taken out from the methane fermentation chamber and methane removal The waste and methane extraction means has a communication chamber on the top plate that communicates with the methane fermentation chamber through a through-hole formed in the top plate, and is connected to the upper portion of the communication chamber. a methane fermentation tank, wherein the methane collection pipe which is, to be configured and a waste pipe provided in the communication chamber, the methane extraction means, connected to the waste liquid tube therein In the methane fermentation tank provided with the communication chamber forming pipe portion that is projected below the top plate , the communication chamber forming pipe portion has a J-shaped lower portion. It is preferable that the communication chamber forming pipe portion has its stigma opened upward.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0008]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a methane fermentation tank according to the methane fermentation method of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. In FIG.1 and FIG.2, the code | symbol 10 shows the methane fermenter which concerns on the methane fermentation method of one Embodiment of this invention, this methane fermenter 10 has the circular steel bottom plate 12 and the center on this bottom plate 12. FIG. A first cylindrical body 14 erected on the portion, a second cylindrical body 16 erected on the peripheral edge of the bottom plate 12 so as to surround the first cylindrical body 14, and these cylindrical shapes A steel top plate 18 that hermetically closes the upper end openings of the bodies 14 and 16 is provided.
[0009]
The first cylindrical body 14 and the second cylindrical body 16 are formed of a steel material in the same manner as the bottom plate 12 and the top plate 18. The cylindrical bodies 14 and 16 have a cylindrical shape, and the lower end thereof is sealed and welded to the upper surface of the bottom plate 12 and the upper end portion thereof is sealed to the lower surface of the top plate 18 over the entire circumference.
[0010]
The top plate 18 is formed in a circular shape like the bottom plate 12, and the organic waste is placed on the top surface of the top plate 18 from the input port 20 formed in the center of the top plate 18 in the first cylindrical shape. An organic waste input structure 24 that is input into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 formed inside the body 14 and an organic waste that is input into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 is a first cylindrical body. 14 and an organic waste introduction structure 28 that guides and introduces the methane fermentation chamber 26 formed between the second cylindrical body 16 and the organic waste from the methane fermentation chamber 26. A waste for extracting methane from the methane and a methane extraction structure 30 are provided.
[0011]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the organic waste input structure 24 and the organic waste introduction structure 28. As shown in the figure, an organic waste input structure 24 as an organic waste input means is a cylindrical body with a top plate standing on the top plate 18 so as to surround the peripheral edge of the input port 20. 24a, and an organic waste supply pipe 24b for supplying organic waste into the cylinder 24a with a top plate is connected to the upper surface of the cylinder 24a with a top plate, and an exhaust gas pipe 24c ( 1) is connected.
[0012]
On the other hand, the organic waste introduction structure 28 as the organic waste introduction means includes a chamber member 28b that forms a sealed chamber 28a on the top plate 18, and the sealed chamber 28a is formed of the top plate cylinder 24a. It is formed around. The organic waste introduction structure 28 includes a first organic waste guide pipe 28c for guiding the organic waste in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 into the sealed chamber 28a. The inlet end of 28c is provided near the lower part in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 (see FIG. 2). Further, the organic waste introduction structure 28 includes a second organic waste guide pipe 28d for guiding the organic waste in the sealed chamber 28a into the methane fermentation chamber 26, and an outlet of the guide pipe 28d. The end is provided near the lower part in the methane fermentation chamber 26 (see FIG. 2).
[0013]
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the waste and methane extraction structure 30. As shown in the figure, a waste and methane extraction structure 30 is formed on the top plate 18 with a communication chamber 30a communicating with the methane fermentation chamber 26 through a through hole 18a drilled in the top plate 18. A methane collecting pipe 30c connected to the chamber 30a and a waste liquid pipe 30b are included. The methane collection pipe 30c is projected from the waste and methane extraction structure 30 to the outside. Further, the waste liquid pipe 30b is connected to a communication chamber forming pipe portion 34 provided below the top plate, and is incorporated into the communication chamber 30a and sealed. The communication chamber forming pipe portion 34 has a J-shaped portion 40 at the lower portion thereof, and the column head portion 36 is opened upward. Further, the communication chamber forming pipe portion 34 is connected to the waste liquid pipe 30b by welding at a specific height 30e that is intermediate between the column head 36 and the top plate 18. The waste liquid pipe 30 b penetrates the waste and methane extraction structure 30 and protrudes from the seal portion 42. The seal portion 42 is constituted by a container having a specific depth connected to the waste liquid pipe 30b and retaining the waste liquid, and a shielding plate 44 that bisects the inside of the container from the top is provided downward. The shielding plate 44 does not shield the bottom surface of the seal portion 42, but the bottom portion is shielded to a height sufficiently lower than the height 30e, and has a certain opening. Further, in the space divided by the shielding plate 44 in the seal portion 42, the upper surface of the seal portion 42 on the communication chamber 30 a side and the side wall of the communication chamber 30 a are communicated with each other by a methane communication pipe 46. Here, the lower part of the communication chamber forming pipe part 34 is opened at a position where the pipe lower part opening part 38 is higher than the lowest point 39 of the lower part of the pipe. By configuring in this way, when the liquid level of the waste liquid is higher than the upper part of the waste liquid pipe 30b, even if any gas lighter than the waste, such as methane gas, enters from the opening 38, it cannot reach the column head 36 side. Naturally, it does not reach the waste liquid pipe 30b. Further, in FIG. 4, even if methane gas or the like is generated inside the communication chamber forming pipe on the left side from the lowest point 39, the gas reaches the column head 36 and does not reach the waste liquid pipe 30b. When the liquid level of the waste liquid is lower than the upper part of the waste liquid pipe 30b, even if the liquid level falls below the height 30e, the waste liquid stays in the seal portion 42. Therefore, the methane gas is shielded by the shielding plate 44 and sealed. It can not enter the right side of the drawing. At this time, when the level of the waste liquid rises, the methane gas in the seal portion 42 can escape from the methane communication pipe 46 to the communication chamber 30a. With such a configuration, methane gas does not enter the right side of the seal portion 42 and is always collected in the methane collection tube 30c. Alternatively, even when the diameter of the waste liquid pipe 30b is sufficiently large so that the gas phase can always be maintained up to the seal part 42 on the waste liquid surface, the methane gas does not enter the right side of the seal part 42 and is always trapped in the methane collection pipe 30c. Be collected. Further, when the diameter of the waste liquid pipe 30b is sufficiently large and the gas phase can be always maintained up to the seal portion 42 on the waste liquid surface, the methane communication pipe 46 need not be communicated. On the other hand, the height 30e of the bottom of the waste liquid pipe is set to a position lower than 28e when the bottom face of the upper opening of the organic waste guide pipe 28d is 28e. With such a configuration, when the amount of organic waste input exceeds 28e during batch processing, the waste liquid that has entered through the opening 38 is naturally discharged through the waste liquid pipe 30b.
[0014]
In the methane fermentation chamber 26, a plurality of mesh-like methane bacteria holders 32 are provided radially with the first cylindrical body 14 as the central axis (see FIGS. 1 and 2). These methane bacteria holders 32 are for holding methane bacteria in organic waste and maintaining the methane bacteria concentration in the methane fermentation chamber 26 at a high level, and are provided obliquely with respect to the bottom plate 12. .
[0015]
In the above configuration, the first step of the methane fermentation method according to the present invention is a step of introducing organic waste from the organic waste introduction structure 28. The introduction step is a step of pouring a certain amount of organic waste at a time, and the amount of the organic waste in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 is more than that of the first organic waste guide tube 28c. It is necessary to add an amount exceeding the opening of the second organic waste guide pipe 28d in the sealed chamber 28a. Prior to this introduction, the solid content of the organic waste must be sufficiently crushed. That is, in order to carry out the reaction smoothly by the plug flow method, it is necessary to promote the reaction by reducing the solid content of the organic waste. Moreover, it is necessary to heat organic waste at the time of introduction. 37 degrees is preferable. This is because the reaction temperature in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 is about 37 degrees, and if the organic waste to be introduced is at a low temperature, the reaction does not proceed until the temperature rises, resulting in a time loss.
[0016]
Normally, the organic waste at the same water level as the lower end of the opening of the second organic waste guide tube 28d is filled, and the upper end of the upper opening of the second organic waste guide tube 28d is filled there. By introducing a larger amount, the organic waste at the bottom of the first organic waste guide tube 28c can be introduced into the methane fermentation chamber. By setting the number of introductions at a rate of multiple times per day, the flow of the guide tube can be temporarily accelerated to prevent the tube from being blocked. This introduction method is a batch method.
[0017]
The next step is an organic waste hydrolysis and acid fermentation step. Here, since organic waste is introduced into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 from the inlet, the one introduced earlier in time exists at the bottom, and the organic waste introduced later in time is present. Laminated on top. For this reason, the organic waste in which the reaction has progressed is located at the bottom. This method of introduction is an extrusion-type introduction method, that is, a plug flow method. The fermentation rate can be improved by the plug flow method.
[0018]
Furthermore, the next step is a transfer step to the sealed chamber 28a. Since the first organic waste guide tube 28c is provided from the bottom of the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 to the sealed chamber 28a, only the organic waste at the bottom is transferred to the sealed chamber 28a. That is, the organic waste in which the reaction has proceeded most is transferred, which is efficient. In the present invention, unlike a tank having a stirrer, an unreacted organic waste introduced later and a reacted organic waste are not stirred and a mixture is not taken out. Waste moves into a sealed chamber. For this reason, only those having increased reactivity are transferred. In addition, since the opening of the first organic waste guide tube 28c is at the bottom of the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22, it is difficult for gas such as hydrogen sulfide to pass through the first organic waste guide tube. Therefore, it is difficult for hydrogen sulfide or the like to be transferred from the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 22 to the sealed chamber 28a or the methane fermentation chamber 26. As a result, the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the methane gas can be kept low, so that the hydrogen sulfide can be removed from the methane gas relatively easily.
[0019]
The next step is a transfer step to the methane fermentation chamber 26. The organic waste is transferred to the sealed chamber 28a through the first organic waste guide pipe 28c by batch processing. The organic waste is introduced into the methane fermentation chamber 26 when the water level rises and eventually exceeds the bottom of the opening of the second organic waste guide tube 28d. Here, because of the batch processing, a large amount of organic waste is introduced, and as a result, even if the inside of the organic waste guide tube is clogged with solids, it is extruded and removed by the water flow of the organic waste. The
[0020]
The subsequent process is a methane fermentation process. Since the second organic waste guide tube 28d has the opening at the bottom, the latest organic waste is accumulated at the bottom. Here, since there is a net-like methane bacterium holder 32, the methane bacterium can be held at a high concentration without being discharged together with the organic waste. The introduction and reaction is also a plug flow method.
[0021]
The last step is a methane and waste removal step. Methane and waste are removed from the waste and methane extraction structure 30. Since these processes are all sealed structures, waste gas is not released to the outside.
[0022]
As described above, acid fermentation and methane fermentation are performed separately, methane-fermenting bacteria are packed in a net-like carrier, and organic waste slurry is transferred by extrusion flow, so that the amount of methane generated per unit raw material, The decomposition rate of organic components is as high as 80% or more.
[0023]
Moreover, since it ferments in a double cylindrical tank, it is possible to save space as compared with a conventional methane fermentation method in which a cylinder is separately provided. Furthermore, energy is saved because the slurry is transferred from the acid fermentation chamber to the methane fermentation chamber through a communication pipe without using a stirrer. In addition, the use of a buried underground tank ensures heat retention and is suitable for construction in cold regions.
[0024]
Because it is fermented in a closed tank, there is no odor, no pest generation, no soil or water pollution, and low generation of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, cogeneration can be achieved by using the energy of the generated methane gas as electricity or hot water, and it can be recovered as steam and can be operated with almost no external energy. Furthermore, the organic waste after methane fermentation has no odor, and a neutral and easy-to-handle fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components is produced.
[0025]
Moreover, since no power is used without agitation, operation management is easy, and replacement is easy because of the extrusion flow method even when an accident occurs. As organic waste, it can be applied to distilled liquor residue, cow swine manure, slaughterhouse waste, etc., and the waste capacity can correspond from large to small.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the methane fermentation method according to the present invention, the methane fermentation process and the transfer process of the organic waste can be efficiently performed and a stable operation can be performed. In addition, when organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation, it is not necessary to install two tanks for acid fermentation and methane fermentation, so space can be saved and there is no room for installation space. Even so, methane fermentation treatment of organic waste can be performed efficiently. Further, the contact area with the outside air is reduced as compared with the conventional method, and the heat radiation amount is reduced accordingly, so that energy saving can be achieved. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent gas such as hydrogen sulfide generated in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber from flowing into the methane fermentation chamber together with the organic waste. Further, organic waste can be transferred from the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber to the methane fermentation chamber without using power equipment such as a pump. In addition, by providing a plurality of mesh-like methane bacteria holders in the methane fermentation chamber in a slanted manner and fixing and holding methane bacteria, the concentration of methane bacteria in the methane fermentation chamber can be kept high. There is no energy loss for regrowth.
Furthermore, since the lower part of the communication chamber forming pipe part has a J shape, methane gas and organic waste can be completely separated and recovered.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a methane fermentation tank according to a methane fermentation method of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing structures of an organic waste input structure and an organic waste introduction structure.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a waste and methane extraction structure.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Bottom plate 14 1st cylindrical body 16 2nd cylindrical body 18 Top plate 20 Input port 22 Hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber 24 Organic waste input structure 24a Top plate-cylinder 24b Organic waste supply pipe 24c Exhaust gas pipe 26 Methane fermentation chamber 28 Organic waste introduction structure 28a Sealed chamber 28b Chamber member 28c First organic waste guide pipe 28d Second organic waste guide pipe 30 Waste and methane extraction structure 30a Communication chamber 30b Waste liquid pipe 30c Methane collection pipe 32 Methane bacteria holder

Claims (7)

円形若しくは正多角形に形成された底板と、この底板上の中央部に立設された第１の筒状体と、この第１の筒状体を取り囲むように前記底板上の周縁部に立設された第２の筒状体と、これら第１及び第２の筒状体の上端開口部を閉塞する天板と、この天板の中央部に形成された投入口から有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体の内側に形成された加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入する有機性廃棄物投入手段と、前記加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入された有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体と第２の筒状体との間に形成されたメタン発酵室に案内導入する有機性廃棄物導入手段とを具備してなるメタン発酵槽で有機性廃棄物を発酵させるメタン発酵方法であって、有機性廃棄物はバッチ方式で投入され、投入された有機性廃棄物はさらに押出し流れとなり、バッチ方式は、一度に投入する有機性廃棄物の量が有機性廃棄物案内管の上側開口部下端を上回る量であるメタン発酵方法において、
有機性廃棄物の加水分解及び酸発酵工程は有機性廃棄物が加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入口から導入されて、反応が進行した有機性廃棄物が底部に位置するプラグフロー法であることを特徴とするメタン発酵方法。A bottom plate formed in a circular shape or a regular polygon, a first cylindrical body standing on the center of the bottom plate, and a peripheral edge on the bottom plate so as to surround the first cylindrical body. Organic waste from a second cylindrical body provided, a top plate that closes the upper end openings of the first and second cylindrical bodies, and an inlet formed in the center of the top plate Organic waste charging means for charging the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber formed inside the first cylindrical body, and organic waste charged in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber for the first A methane fermentation method for fermenting organic waste in a methane fermentation tank comprising organic waste introduction means for guiding and introducing into a methane fermentation chamber formed between a cylindrical body and a second cylindrical body The organic waste is input in a batch system, and the input organic waste is further extruded. Pitch system, in the methane fermentation process is an amount that amount of input to the organic waste is above the upper opening lower end of the organic waste guide tube at a time,
The organic waste hydrolysis and acid fermentation process is a plug flow method in which organic waste is introduced into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber from the inlet, and the organic waste that has undergone the reaction is located at the bottom. A methane fermentation method characterized by the above . メタン発酵室での押出し流れは、有機性廃棄物の発酵反応がメタン発酵室の底部から開始され、メタン発酵室の上層に上昇するにつれて発酵が進行することを特徴とする請求項１記載のメタン発酵方法。Extruding the flow of methane fermentation chamber, the fermentation reaction of the organic waste is started from the bottom of the methane fermentation chamber, methane claim 1, wherein the fermentation progresses as it rises to the upper layer of the methane fermentation chamber Fermentation method. 押出し流れは、予め有機性廃棄物中の固形分を十分に破砕してから行なうことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載のメタン発酵方法。 3. The methane fermentation method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the extrusion flow is performed after sufficiently crushing the solid content in the organic waste. 押出し流れは、予め有機性廃棄物を加温してから加水分解および酸発酵室に投入することを特徴とする請求項１乃至３いずれか記載のメタン発酵方法。The methane fermentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the extruding flow heats the organic waste in advance and then inputs the waste into the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber. 円形若しくは正多角形に形成された底板と、この底板上の中央部に立設された第１の筒状体と、この第１の筒状体を取り囲むように前記底板上の周縁部に立設された第２の筒状体と、これら第１及び第２の筒状体の上端開口部を閉塞する天板と、この天板の中央部に形成された投入口から有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体の内側に形成された加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入する有機性廃棄物投入手段と、前記加水分解及び酸発酵室に投入された有機性廃棄物を前記第１の筒状体と第２の筒状体との間に形成されたメタン発酵室に案内導入する有機性廃棄物導入手段とを具備し、前記天板は、前記有機性廃棄物を前記メタン発酵室から取り出すと共に前記メタン発酵室からメタンを取り出す廃棄物及びメタン取出し手段を有し、前記廃棄物及びメタン取出し手段は、前記天板に穿設された貫通孔を通じて前記メタン発酵室と連通する連通室を前記天板上に形成し、この連通室の上部に接続されたメタン捕集管と、前記連通室に設けられた廃液管とを含んで構成されることを特徴とするメタン発酵槽であって、前記メタン取出し手段は、その内部に前記廃液管と接続されて天板以下に突設される連通室形成管部を備えるメタン発酵槽において、連通室形成管部は、その管下部がＪ字形状からなることを特徴とするメタン発酵槽。A bottom plate formed in a circular shape or a regular polygon, a first cylindrical body standing on the center of the bottom plate, and a peripheral edge on the bottom plate so as to surround the first cylindrical body. Organic waste from a second cylindrical body provided, a top plate that closes the upper end openings of the first and second cylindrical bodies, and an inlet formed in the center of the top plate Organic waste charging means for charging the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber formed inside the first cylindrical body, and organic waste charged in the hydrolysis and acid fermentation chamber for the first An organic waste introduction means for guiding and introducing into a methane fermentation chamber formed between the cylindrical body and the second cylindrical body, and the top plate transfers the organic waste to the methane fermentation chamber. And a means for taking out methane from the methane fermentation chamber and a methane take-out means. And a methane collecting pipe connected to an upper portion of the communication chamber, the communication chamber communicating with the methane fermentation chamber through a through hole formed in the top plate, A methane fermentation tank comprising a waste liquid pipe provided in a communication chamber, wherein the methane extraction means is connected to the waste liquid pipe and protrudes below the top plate. In the methane fermentation tank provided with the communication chamber forming tube portion , the communication chamber forming tube portion has a J-shaped lower portion of the tube . 連通室形成管部は、その柱頭が上方向に開口されることを特徴とする請求項５に記載のメタン発酵槽。The methane fermentation tank according to claim 5 , wherein the communication chamber forming pipe part has its stigma opened upward. 連通室形成管部は、その開口部の高さがメタン捕集管底部より低いことを特徴とする請求項５または６記載のメタン発酵槽。The methane fermentation tank according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the communication chamber forming pipe part has a lower opening than the bottom part of the methane collection pipe.
JP2001381844A 2001-12-14 2001-12-14 Methane fermentation method and methane fermentation tank Expired - Fee Related JP4015413B2 (en)

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