JP4006705B2 - Seed germination promotion device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for disinfecting and promoting germination of plant seeds, and more particularly to a seed germination promoting device for disinfecting and promoting germination of agricultural seeds with a biopesticide.

  Conventionally, disinfecting crop seeds has been carried out by chemical pesticide powder treatment, chemical immersion treatment, and pesticide spraying treatment. However, chemical pesticides may cause environmental pollution, emergence of resistant bacteria, and the like, and in recent years disease control by biological pesticides has been carried out. As this biopesticide, for example, in Patent Document 1, in the disinfection of rice seeds using antagonistic microorganisms, Pseudomonas genus bacteria having an antagonistic action against pathogens such as rice blast, rice sesame leaf blight and rice idiot disease are used. A method has been proposed to prevent the occurrence of diseases by dressing rice seeds. In addition, a method is also used in which seeds are immersed in a solution of Trichoderma bacteria (Eco Hope; manufactured by Kumiai Chemical) to prevent the occurrence of diseases that are transmitted to the seeds.

  In the case of using the above biological pesticide, in a solution in which a large amount of microorganisms are grown, seed germination is remarkably suppressed due to lack of oxygen, and germination is not uniform. In addition, since the exchange of chemicals is hindered in still water and the disinfection effect does not sufficiently appear and becomes unstable, there has been a demand for improvement in the stability of the disinfection effect. Furthermore, there has been a demand for shortening the period from seed disinfection to germination, but there has been no effective method to date. Therefore, there has been a demand for providing a device for avoiding the use of chemical pesticides and disinfecting seeds using environmentally friendly antagonistic microorganisms and allowing stable germination in a short time. In addition, regarding the treatment of waste liquid after sterilization using a microbial pesticide, it is not desirable to discharge it to nature as it is, and therefore development of a method for post-sterilization treatment has been demanded.

  Moreover, about the apparatus which germinates grain seeds, such as a rice, a bean, and wheat, for example, the germination apparatus of patent document 2 provides the container which can store water, as described in Claim 1, and in this container A container for accommodating grains such as straw is provided, the container is configured to be rotatable, and a water passage is formed at an appropriate position of the container. The germination device of Patent Document 2 is a device designed to allow germs contained in a bag to be accommodated in a container, and to be germinated only for germination of grains. There are problems such as difficulty in controlling the temperature difference from the temperature, and inability to disinfect and germinate simultaneously.

When disinfection and germination are carried out using the method as described above, for example, rice seeds are soaked in water at room temperature for 5 to 6 days after disinfecting the seeds, so that the seeds absorb water, and around 30 ° C. In order to germinate by soaking in warm water for 1-2 days, 6-8 days are required before sowing. Thus, there has been a demand for the emergence of a germination apparatus that can sterilize and germinate grains such as rice, beans, and wheat in the same apparatus, and can also easily sterilize the solution remaining after disinfection. .
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-25716 JP-A-6-319312

  The present invention provides a device capable of obtaining a stable disinfection effect even in a state using a biopesticide and capable of arranging germination, and can shorten a period from disinfection to germination of the seed. Providing equipment. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that can easily treat waste liquid after disinfection with a biopesticide. Furthermore, the present invention provides a technique for promoting germination and improving the germination rate and germination uniformity.

  As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present invention is applied to a water tank that can be heated and adjusted, a bubble generator that generates bubbles in the liquid, and seeds in a germination tank installed on a net wall. We succeeded in creating a seed germination promotion device that stabilizes the seed disinfection effect by supplying oxygen and stabilizes the germination by accelerating the penetration of water into the seed by this bubble vibration. Furthermore, after the treatment is finished, the waste liquid can be sterilized by changing the bubbles to fine bubbles of ozone and utilizing the strong sterilization effect of ozone.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water tank having an air pump for supplying air and a heating device capable of adjusting temperature, and bubble generation for generating bubbles from the air supplied from the air pump in a lower part of the water tank. An apparatus and a seed germination promoting device, characterized in that a net wall is provided above the bubble generating device, a separating wall is provided above the net wall, and a germination soda is provided above the separating wall. The water in the aquarium is adjusted to an appropriate water temperature with a warming device, fine bubbles of 2 to 1000 microns are generated from the bottom of the aquarium with a bubble generator, and the water in the entire aquarium is constantly aerated. It is characterized in that the germination of the seed is remarkably promoted by passing the water after the bubbles are in contact with the seed or aerated and passing through the germination tank.

  The second solving means of the present invention is the seed germination promoting device according to claim 1, wherein the biopesticide preparation is placed in a water tank and the seeds can be sterilized and disinfected. It is characterized by combining an antibacterial agent into the water in the aquarium and combining sterilization and aeration of pathogens adhering to the seed by the antagonistic microorganism, thereby enabling seed disinfection and germination stabilization at the same time.

  The third solving means of the present invention is the seed germination promoting device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein a surfactant is placed in the water tank to further promote seed germination. . When seeds are germinated by adding a very small amount of surfactant to the aquarium, germination time is further accelerated.

  The fourth solving means of the present invention is capable of generating ozone bubbles in order to sterilize a biopesticide after seed disinfection and to sterilize an apparatus. It is a seed germination promotion apparatus of description. After seed disinfection, in order to sterilize the waste liquid remaining in the water tank and sterilize the antagonistic microorganisms remaining on the container, 1-100 micron ozone bubbles can be continuously generated and stirred. It is characterized by.

  The seed germination promotion device of the present invention adjusts the water in the aquarium to a temperature range where antagonistic microorganisms used for seed disinfection are effective by a heating device with a temperature control function, and stirs the microbial suspension by a bubble generator Thus, the effect of seed disinfection is enhanced, and it becomes possible to simultaneously perform germicidal seed disinfection and germination. In addition, by placing a germination tank on the net wall, air bubbles and suspension generated under the net wall were spread throughout the entire seed, and also placed in the germination tank by arranging an air vent pipe Excessive seed disturbance can be suppressed. It is characterized in that the germination of seeds is remarkably promoted by the passage of water after the bubbles are in contact with the seeds or after aeration, through the germination tank.

  In addition, the seed germination promotion device of the present invention is such that water adjusted to an appropriate water temperature by a warming device always generates fine bubbles of 2 to 1000 microns from the bottom of the water tank by a bubble generator, and these bubbles are By setting it so that it enters the germination tank installed at the top, air bubbles contact the seeds uniformly, or aerated water passes through the germination tank, thereby promoting seed germination and aligning the germination force. Even with old seeds, the germination rate can be remarkably increased compared to the conventional germination method.

  In addition, by adding a very small amount of surfactant in the aquarium, an oil film can be removed from the seed surface, water can easily penetrate into the seed, germination is promoted, and the germination rate and germination uniformity are improved.

  Furthermore, the seed germination promoting device of the present invention releases the ozone produced by the ozone generator in the form of fine bubbles of 1 to 100 microns into the solution, so that the antagonistic microorganism remained as a waste liquid after seed disinfection This makes it possible to easily sterilize microorganisms that remain attached to the apparatus and survive.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of a seed germination promotion device 100 according to this embodiment. The seed germination promoting device 100 includes a water tank 11, a germination tank 12, a heating device 13 with a thermo, an air pump 14, a foaming device 15, a net wall 16, a lid 17, an isolation wall 18, and a foam collecting device 19. The germination tank 12 is disposed on the net wall 16. The foaming device 15 is disposed under the mesh wall 16 and is configured to send air, oxygen or ozone from the air pump 14 or the ozone generator 20. Further, the foaming device 15 has a function of adjusting the size and particle size of the bubbles, and is adjusted so as to generate bubbles of 2 to 1000 microns. The finer the bubbles, the higher the germination promoting effect or the bactericidal effect by ozone bubbles. The generated bubbles pass through the mesh wall 16 and float upward, and the entire solution in the water tank 11 can be circulated by the generation of bubbles. A bubble collecting plate (not shown) is attached around the lower portion of the germination tank 12 so that the bubbles gather in the germination tank 12. An isolation wall 18 is provided to prevent bubbles from collecting in the germination tank 12 and only the bubbles are removed, and a bubble remover 21 is attached to the center of each room. The bubble removal 21 starts from the center of the height of the germination tank 12 so that the solution can be spread evenly over the seeds. The water temperature is adjusted to the required water temperature by the heating device 13 with a thermo. The lid | cover 17 is for suppressing the fall of water temperature, when the heat retention of a solution is required.

As a seed germination promoting device of the present invention, a device having a length of 40 cm, a width of 53 cm, and a height of 39 cm is prepared, and an air vent inserted between the partition walls is a net tube having a diameter of about 10 cm and a length of about 20 cm between the partition walls. Inserted and fixed with wire. The isolation wall was provided with [] ( opposite U-shaped metal fitting) on the inner surface of the seed germination promoting device, and the isolation wall was inserted and fixed therebetween. The bottom net wall was installed so as to straddle the piping provided on the bottom of the aquarium with clogs. Since seeds are put in a net basket and put in a germination tank, the size of the net is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.5 × 0.5 cm to 5.0 × 5.0 cm. The seed germination promoting device can be appropriately sized according to the amount of seeds to be sterilized and germinated, for example, 100 cm long × 120 cm wide × 100 cm high, and the size is particularly limited. Is not to be done.

  In order to promote seed germination, a surfactant such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether is added at a concentration of 100 to 10,000 ppm, and aeration is performed to remove oily components on the seed surface. In addition, it was found that water penetration into the seeds was promoted and germination was shortened. If the surfactant has high penetrability, it has a high accelerating effect, so long as it does not adversely affect the seed, any of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or a neutral surfactant can be used. Good and not limited to the type of surfactant.

  The seed germination promoting apparatus of the present invention may perform only seed disinfection or may perform only seed germination. When seeds are sterilized, chemical pesticides or biological pesticides can be added to the water tank to disinfect the seeds, but it is desirable to use biological pesticides in order not to pollute the environment. Examples of biological pesticides for disinfecting seeds include Bacillus subtilis preparations and Pseudomonas fluorescens preparations.

Test examples in which seed disinfection and germination tests were performed using the above-described apparatus are described below.
[Test Example 1]

Disinfection effect by seed germination promoting device 20 liters of water in the aquarium was adjusted to 32 ° C with a heating device and Bacillus subtilis preparations were adjusted to a bacterial concentration of 10 ¹⁰ , 10 ⁹ and 10 ⁸ cfu / ml. the rice seeds 5kg were germinated bath put per minute 0.5 m ^3/40 liters of air to aeration. In addition, a rice seed meal in an untreated group that had not been disinfected with seeds and a rice seed meal that had been soaked in a 200-fold solution of an oxolinic acid pefazoate wettable powder (Hellcede Stana wettable powder) for 24 hours were also examined for comparison. Rice seed meal was added to the Bacillus subtilis preparation solution at each concentration, and after 48 hours aeration treatment, each rice seed meal was placed on a PSA plate and a Fusarium selective medium plate, and the number of types of bacteria generated was examined. Further, a filter paper wetted with sterilized water was laid on a petri dish with a diameter of 15 cm, and 50 rice seed pods in each section were germinated, and the germination rate and the incidence of mold were examined.

  As a result, no mold was observed in the rice seed pods sterilized by this device and the rice seed pods treated with chemicals. On the other hand, 10 or more types of fungi were observed in the potato sucrose medium (on the PSA plate) from the seed rice that was not disinfected, and many red-colored fungi were generated in the Fusarium selective medium. The germination rate of rice seed pods was 98% in the group treated with this apparatus, 98% in the chemical pesticide treated group, and 88% in the untreated group. In addition, no fungi were generated in the seed pods that were allowed to stand in a petri dish at 25 ° C. for 10 days, but black fungi (Nigrospore) and red fungi (Fusarium) were generated without treatment.

The fungicidal effect of the fungi parasitic on the seeds was also observed in the seeds of Komatsuna, spinach and honeybee, and no fungi were generated from the treated seeds.
[Test Example 2]

Germination promotion by the seed germination promoting device In the same manner as in Test 1, rice seed meal was disinfected with the antagonistic microorganism Bacillus subtilis preparation and germinated. The processing by this apparatus was performed for 48 hours. In addition, treatment with chemicals was carried out with seed disinfection for 24 hours, water immersion seeds for 6 days, and germination for 24 hours. Untreated rice seed pods were soaked without being disinfected with chemicals. Each seed was placed in a 15 cm petri dish with wet filter paper and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 3 days, and then the germination rate and the length of the germinated bud were examined.

As a result, the germination rate of 98% germination rate of seeds treated in this apparatus, the length of sprouts in a cell concentration 10 ^10, 10 ⁹ and 10 ⁸ cfu / ml of antagonistic microorganism Bacillus subtilis, respectively 3.0 cm, It was 5.4 cm and 5.3 cm. In addition, the germination rate of the seed immersed in the chemical was 98%, and the length of the bud was 1.8 cm. The untreated seeds had a germination rate of 88%, poor germination, and the length of the buds was 1.8 cm, which was not different from the chemical treatment group.

Thus, it was shown that the heating and aeration treatment with the addition of antagonistic microorganisms by this device markedly improved the germination rate of rice seed pods and had a high seed disinfection effect, enabling seed disinfection and short-term germination treatment. .
[Test Example 3]

Germination promotion by seed germination promotion device Rice seed pods 3 years, 2 years and 1 year after seeding were treated with a solution of antagonistic microorganism Bacillus subtilis in a concentration of 10 ⁸ cfu / ml in the same manner as in Test 1. Germinated. The treatment by this apparatus was performed for 2.5 days. Each seed was placed in a 15 cm petri dish with wet filter paper and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 3 days, and then the germination rate and the length of the germinated bud were examined. As a result, the germination rate was 95% for the seeds in the third year, 98% for the seeds in the second year, and 99% in the first year. On the other hand, when seeds were sterilized with chemicals and germinated by conventional methods, the germination rate was 82% for the seeds in the third year, 89% for the seeds in the second year, and 98% in the first year.

  Thus, the heating and aeration treatment with the addition of antagonistic microorganisms by this device could significantly improve the germination rate even when the rice seed pods became old.

This improvement in germination rate and improvement in germination alignment was also observed in the germination treatment of Komatsuna, spinach and trefoil.
[Test Example 4]

Bactericidal effect of seed germination promotion device by ozone After removing rice seed meal by treating it with a solution of antagonistic microorganism Bacillus subtilis having a concentration of 10 ⁸ cfu / ml in the same manner as in Test 1, it is 2-100 by ozone generator. Micron fine ozone bubbles of 0.1 to 0.3 m ³ / min / 40 liters were generated and circulated for 3 hours. Thereafter, the solution was collected, and the bactericidal effect was examined using a diluted plate on a nutrient medium (NA plate). As a result, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the solution was 10 cfu or less, which was significantly lower than 10 ⁷ cfu / ml before the treatment.

Germination promotion by seed germination treatment equipment with added surfactant In the same manner as in Test 1, rice seed meal is placed in a germination treatment equipment containing water with a surfactant added to 400 ppm, and the water temperature is 30 ° C. It was allowed to germinate while being held and aerated. The processing by this apparatus was performed for 48 hours. Further, as a control, a section for germination treatment without adding a surfactant was provided, and the treatment time was similarly 48 hours.

  Each seed was placed in a 15 cm petri dish with wet filter paper and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 3 days, and then the germination rate and the length of the germinated bud were examined.

  As a result, the germination rate of seeds added with a surfactant and treated with this apparatus was 98%, and the bud length was 5.4 cm. On the other hand, the germination rate of the group germinated without addition was 96% and the bud length was 3.2 cm.

  In this way, it is shown that aeration in water with a surfactant added to this device and germination of rice seed buds can accelerate the germination of rice seed pods for about 0.5 days and promote growth. It was.

Germination promotion by the seed germination promoting device In the same manner as in Test 1, the seeds of honey were disinfected and germinated while aerated in the solution of the antagonistic microorganism Bacillus subtilis. The treatment with this apparatus was performed at a water temperature of 25 ° C. for 96 hours. Similarly, in order to clarify the aeration effect, a group germinated without aeration in a Bacillus subtilis preparation solution and a group germinated only in water were installed.

  The trefoil seeds of each section were placed in a petri dish having a diameter of 10 cm and covered with wet filter paper, and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 7 days, and then the germination rate and the length of germinated buds were examined.

  As a result, the germination rate of the seed treated with this apparatus was 92%, and the length of the bud was 2.3 cm. On the other hand, in the plots that were not aerated and germinated with water alone, they were 41% and 0.6 cm and 49% and 1.1 cm, respectively. As described above, when the trefoil seeds were germinated using this apparatus, the germination rate was significantly increased in a short period of time, and the growth of buds after germination was promoted.

The front view of the seed germination promotion apparatus in embodiment. The top view of the seed germination promotion apparatus in an embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

100 ... Seed germination promotion device 11 ... aquarium,
12 ... germination tank,
13 ... Heating device with thermo,
14 ... Air pump,
15 ... Foaming device,
16 ... mesh wall,
17 ... lid,
18 ... Isolation wall,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19 ... Bubble collecting apparatus 20 ... Ozone generator 21 ... Bubble removal tube 22 ... Bubble collection board

Claims (4)

A seed germination promoting device comprising a water tank, a germination tank, a heating device with a thermo, an air pump, a foaming device, a net wall, a lid, an isolation wall and a foam collecting device, and the bottom net wall is a pipe provided on the bottom of the water tank The foaming device that adjusts the size of bubbles is placed under the mesh wall, and the isolation wall is provided with [] ( opposite U-shaped metal fittings) on the inner surface of the seed germination promoting device. A seed germination promoting device, wherein a separating wall is inserted and fixed therebetween, and a net tube for removing air bubbles is inserted between the separating walls. The seed germination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a biopesticide preparation is placed in the aquarium and the seeds can be sterilized by poisoning. The seed germination promoting device according to claim 1, wherein a surfactant is placed in the water tank to further promote seed germination. The seed germination promotion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein ozone bubbles can be generated in order to sterilize the biological pesticide after the seed disinfection and to sterilize the apparatus.

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