JP3997058B2 - Composting equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vertical axis type composting apparatus that performs composting by mixing and stirring a litter laid in a livestock barn and livestock manure.
[0002]
[Background]
As is well known, the vertical composting apparatus has a frame that is stretched in the left-right direction of the container for storing the litter and manure, moved in the front-rear direction, a cart that moves left and right on the frame, and a cart that is suspended from the cart. It is composed of installed screws and dedicated drive motors that operate them, and stirs the litter and manure contained in the container with a screw while moving in a zigzag manner by moving the frame back and forth and moving the carriage left and right It is like that.
And the litter and manure to be stirred are gradually fermented and dried while being mixed with air to become compost.
[0003]
By the way, the composting apparatus described above enables stirring of litter and manure with a screw length of about 1.5 m and a loading height of up to about 1.5 m. Sometimes the bedding and manure processing cannot keep up.
Therefore, as a possible countermeasure, it is possible to extend the width, length, and depth of the container to increase the loading amount of the litter and manure, and to set the screw to a length corresponding to the loading height.
[0004]
However, the screw used in the composting machine is mixing and stirring by conveying the litter and manure from the bottom to the top by the rotation of the screw blades. The mixture of manure and manure becomes clay-like, which can adhere to the screw and get stuck between the pitches.
If the clay-like mixture is clogged, it will not be possible to transport the mixture from the bottom to the top no matter how much the screw rotates, so the clogging of the screw must be periodically removed. Therefore, it cannot be said that the stirring efficiency is high.
In addition, solid excrement with low water content may be mixed in the excrement, but it is appropriate to make the solid excrement fine only by stirring it from the bottom to the top with a screw. Takes time.
That is, simply increasing the container for the litter and manure does not provide a fundamental solution for achieving an increase in processing capacity, and there is a strong demand for improvements in processing capacity.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, this invention makes it a subject to improve the stirring efficiency of a litter and manure, and it aims at provision of the composting apparatus which implement | achieves the subject and can efficiently stir and process a large amount of litter and manure.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The technical means adopted by the present invention in order to achieve the above-mentioned object is the vertical axis stirring that is suspended by a cart that moves left and right on a frame that moves back and forth, and composting the litter and livestock manure with a screw In the type composting apparatus, a plurality of shredded blades 3 project in the radial direction of the rotating shaft 4 for rotating the screw blades 2 at the peripheral edge of the screw blades 2 of the screw 1, and between the pitches of the screw blades 2. A plurality of stirring blades 5 are provided on the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 4 positioned so as to protrude outwardly of the rotating shaft, and the stirring blades 5 are of an angle shape with the corner 51 as the rotation direction side of the rotating shaft 4. The corner portion 51 is flush with the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 4 and is perpendicular to the center line of the rotating shaft 4 (claim 1).
With the above configuration, the shredded blade 3 shreds the solid deposits contained in the litter and manure, and the stirrer 5 prevents clogging of the mixture in which the litter and manure are mixed between the pitches. Improve the stirring efficiency of litter and manure.
In addition, some of the litters are long, represented by rice straw and wheat straw. These long ones are wound around the screw blade 2 and the rotating shaft 4 by the rotation of the screw 1. May get tangled.
If a long object is entangled, the long object may become an obstacle and the mixture may be clogged between pitches.
However, a plurality of stirring blades 5 project from the outer surface of the rotating shaft 4 on the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 4 located between the pitches of the screw blades 2. The corner 51 has an angular shape, and the corner 51 is flush with the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 4 and is perpendicular to the center line of the rotating shaft 4, thereby rotating the screw 1. The long blades entering between the pitches are caught by the stirring blade 5 and guided outward along the longitudinal direction to be taken out from the pitch, thereby preventing the long items from being entangled.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, the composting apparatus A of the present invention is configured so that the shredded blades 3 shred the solid deposit as the screw 1 rotates, so that the solid deposit Crush it to make it easier to mix with bedding and manure.
The number of the shredded blades 3 is preferably about 3 to 6 protruding between one pitch of the screw blades 2.
Further, as shown in the figure, the shredding blade 3 may be arranged in the same number for each pitch so as to project from the beginning to the end of the screw blade 2, or relatively in the litter and manure. The number of sheets may be reduced on the lower side where the amount of moisture is large and the solid deposit is soft, and may be increased on the upper side where the amount of moisture is relatively small and the solid deposit is hard.
[0008]
Then, the screw 1 mixes and agitate the litter and the entire manure while crushing the solid volume with the shredded blades 3 by the longitudinal movement of the frame A1 and the lateral movement of the carriage A2.
As described above, the litter and excrement become a clay-like mixture and easily clogged between the pitches due to a decrease in the amount of water, but the composting apparatus A of the present invention uses the stirring blades 5 between the pitches. The clogging of the clay-like mixture that rises along the entering screw blade 2 can be prevented and can be raised smoothly.
This is presumably because, while the mixture is rising, it is divided up and down by the stirring blade 5 between the pitches, and by being divided, the adhesion resistance of the mixture to the screw is reduced and the mixture rises smoothly.
Moreover, since the stirring blade 5 performs the stirring by dividing the mixture, it greatly contributes to the improvement of the stirring efficiency.
The number of shredded blades 3 is preferably about 1 to 3 protruding between one pitch of the screw blades 2, and as an arrangement mode, the number of shredded blades 3 is the same for each pitch as shown in FIG. It is preferable to project on the rotating shaft from the start end to the end of the blade 2.
[0009]
According to the first aspect, it is possible to efficiently mix the whole evenly by mixing and stirring the litter and excrement while chopping the solid deposit and breaking it into pieces.
Moreover, by raising the mixture that is stirred and becomes clay-like without clogging the screw 1, it can be continuously and efficiently performed without stopping the mixing and stirring operation.
Therefore, since the stirring efficiency of a large amount of bedding and manure is improved, a means for increasing the loading amount of bedding and manure becomes effective, and as a result, the processing capacity is improved.
[0010]
The screw 1 is provided in a cart A2 that moves left and right on a frame A1 that moves back and forth. The screw 1 has a lower end on the lower side of the screw 1 due to the accumulated bedding and excrement resistance when the cart A2 moves left and right. A force for inclining acts so as to be in a direction opposite to the traveling direction.
The force for inclining the screw 1 is transmitted so as to lift the carriage A2 through the screw 1. However, if the carriage A2 is lifted up, the left and right movement of the carriage A2 may be hindered. If it rises, the screw will also incline, so there is a possibility that the litter and manure are not efficiently stirred.
In order to solve this problem, the second aspect employs means that includes wheels of the carriage A2 that moves left and right on the frame A1 that moves back and forth so as to sandwich the frame A1 from above and below.
According to claim 2, as shown in the figure, even if a force that lifts the carriage A2 due to the resistance acting on the screw 1 is generated, the wheel of the carriage A2 holds the frame A1 from above and below. It does not float, naturally there is no tilting of the screw 1, and since it is clamped by the wheels, it does not affect the lateral movement of the carriage A2.
Therefore, even if the screw 1 is made longer than the conventional one, since the carriage A2 operates smoothly, it is possible to efficiently stir a large amount of bedding and manure.
[0011]
If the resistance acting when the carriage A2 moves left and right exceeds the grounding resistance of the wheels of the carriage A2 with respect to the frame A1, the wheels may slip and the carriage A2 may stop or the movement may become jerky.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the roller A25 having the same diameter as the wheel is integrally rotated with the drive wheel of the carriage A2 in order to solve the malfunction of the operation caused by the slip of the wheel. The roller A25 is provided with means for winding a wire A26 stretched with the left and right ends fixed to the left and right ends of the frame A1.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the roller A25 rotates integrally with the driving wheel to wind the wire A26 on the traveling direction side of the carriage A2 and remove the wire A26 on the opposite side of the traveling direction, thereby shifting the winding position. A2 is pulled in the traveling direction.
In other words, the carriage A2 can be moved left and right by the roller A25 and the wire A26 even if the driving wheel slips, so that the carriage A2 can be prevented from stopping or jerky.
Therefore, since the carriage A2 operates smoothly, it is possible to efficiently stir a large amount of bedding and manure.
The above-described operation can be achieved by winding the wire A26 so as to be reversed on the lower side of the roller A25 as shown in FIG.
[0012]
As described above, when the resistance acting on the screw increases, the current load applied to the screw driving motor M3 increases, which may adversely affect the motor.
Claim 4 detects the current load applied to the screw driving motor M3 in order to protect the screw driving motor M3. When a current exceeding a preset value is detected, the carriage driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1 are detected. When the current of less than the set value is detected, the means for restarting both the drive motors is adopted.
Specifically, for example, the following means can be cited, and this will be described. An ammeter for the screw driving motor M3 is built in, and this ammeter determines a current load applied to the screw driving motor M3. Always measure.
The measured current value is input to the control means, and when it is detected that the input current value is equal to or greater than the set current value, the control means outputs and the operation of the cart driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1 is performed. Stop.
When it is detected that the input current value is less than the set current value, the control means outputs to operate the cart driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1.
It can be achieved by such means.
Therefore, according to the fourth aspect, since it is possible to prevent adverse effects on the screw driving motor M3, it is possible to efficiently stir a large amount of bedding and manure having a large resistance value acting on the screw. .
[0013]
As described above, claims 1 to 4 are effective means for efficiently stirring a large amount of litter and excreta compared to the conventional ones, that is, the screw is lengthened and the frame A1 is By lengthening, it becomes possible to efficiently stir a large amount of bedding and manure.
When the frame A1 is lengthened, there is a possibility that the holding frame A11 for holding the carriage in the frame A1 bends by its own weight and vibrates due to the transmission of the rotational vibration of the screw.
In order to solve this problem, the fifth aspect of the present invention provides means for preventing vibration due to transmission of rotational vibration of the screw by applying reinforcement to the holding frame A11 for holding the carriage in the frame A1 to suppress the deflection of the frame. adopt.
According to the fifth aspect, since the deflection of the holding frame A11, which is a cause of vibration, is suppressed, there is no adverse effect on the noise caused by the vibration of the holding frame A11 and on the holding frame A11 itself and the carriage A2.
As reinforcement, for example, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, fixing H steel for reinforcement over the entire length of the holding frame A <b> 11 or increasing the thickness of the holding frame A <b> 11 can be mentioned.
[0014]
When the screw 1 is lengthened, if the end of the rotary shaft 4 and the drive shaft M31 of the screw driving motor M3 are connected via the drive transmission means, the distance from the connecting portion to the screw lower end becomes a considerable length. An excessive torsional force acts on the screw 1 due to the resistance of the litter and excrement, and the torsional force may cause the screw 1 to shake and adversely affect the drive transmission means.
In order to solve this problem, the sixth aspect employs means for disposing drive transmission means across the drive shaft M31 of the screw drive motor M3 and the rotation shaft circumferential surface near the start end of the screw blade 2.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the connecting portion with the drive transmission means is made as far as possible from the central portion, the torsional force applied to the screw 1 can be substantially reduced. An adverse effect on the means can be prevented.
[0015]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a composting apparatus A according to the present invention.
The composting apparatus A shown in this embodiment has a wall that surrounds one end side of the frame A1 and three front and rear sides in the traveling direction of the frame A1, and is used in a facility that opens the other end side of the frame A1. Is.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a screw 1, 2 is a screw blade, A1 is a frame, A2 is a carriage that includes the screw 1 and moves left and right on the frame A1, M1 is a frame driving motor, and M2 is a carriage driving motor.
[0016]
The frame A1 includes, on one end side of the holding frame A11 that supports the carriage A2, two front and rear wheels A13 that run on the wall and a frame driving motor M1 that drives one of them.
On the other end side, the front and rear wheels A14 traveling on the ground at the lower end of a support A11 ′ provided so that the holding frame A11 is horizontal on the other end side, and a frame for driving one of them. A drive motor M1 is provided.
The frame A1 thus moved back and forth, and the cart A2 moves left and right on the holding frame A11, while the screw 1 stirs the litter and manure accumulated in the entire composting facility.
Reference sign A12 is H steel, which is a reinforcing body that prevents the holding frame A11 from being bent, and is fixed to the front and rear side surfaces of the holding frame A11 over the entire length.
[0017]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the carriage A2 has a frame A21, two left and right wheels A22 provided on the front and rear of the frame A21, and two carriages for driving the left and right wheels A22, respectively. A motor M2, a support box A23 that incorporates a bearing (not shown) and rotatably supports the screw 1, and a screw driving motor M3 that drives the screw 1 are provided.
The driving force of the carriage driving motor M2 is transmitted to the wheel A22 via the sprocket M22 arranged coaxially with the chain M21 and the wheel A22.
Further, the carriage A22 is provided with a receiving wheel A27 below the wheel A22, and the holding frame A11 is sandwiched between the receiving wheel A27 and the wheel A22.
The receiving wheel A27 is disposed on a lower frame A28 suspended from the frame A21.
Reference numeral A25 is a roller arranged so as to rotate integrally with the wheel A23, and A26 is a wire wound around the roller A25.
The wire A26 has its left and right ends fixed to a fixed frame A13 raised at the left and right ends of the holding frame A11, and is stretched without slack, with the inverted portion wound around the roller A25 facing downward.
[0018]
Reference numeral 6 denotes a drive transmission means (hereinafter referred to as a chain mechanism) that transmits the driving force of the screw driving motor M3 to the screw 1.
The chain mechanism 6 includes a sprocket 61 provided at the tip of the drive shaft M31 of the screw driving motor M3, a sprocket 62 provided on the rotary shaft 4 of the screw 1, and a chain 63 wound around both sprockets. The sprocket 62 is provided immediately above the upper end of the screw blade 2 in the screw 1 and is located as close to the center of the rotating shaft 4 as possible.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, the screw 1 protrudes in the radial direction at the peripheral edge of the screw blade 2 and shreds the blade 3 that shreds solid deposits contained in the litter and manure. It is.
The chopping blades 3 have a triangular shape in FIG. 6 and are inclined slightly upward to be provided at three pitches at the same interval as one pitch.
Further, on the peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 4 positioned between the pitches of the screw blades 2, the stirring blades 5 that prevent the clogging of the mixture in which the litter and manure are mixed between the pitches and the entanglement of the long objects project outward. It is set up.
The stirring blade 5 has an angle shape with the rotation direction side of the rotation shaft 4 as a corner 51. In FIG. 6, the corner 51 is flush with the peripheral surface of the rotation shaft 4, and with respect to the center line. They are perpendicular to each other, and two pitches are provided at the same interval on all pitches.
[0020]
The composting apparatus A of the present embodiment detects the current load applied to the screw driving motor M3, and when the current exceeding the preset value is detected, the operation of the cart driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1 is stopped, When a current less than the set current is detected, the both drive motors are restarted.
Further, the cart driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1 are alternately operated and stopped to move the screw 1 in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction.
Specifically, a system configured by the configuration diagram shown in FIG. 7 and operating according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 8 is provided.
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, an ammeter B for the screw driving motor M3 and an ON / OFF switch S for driving and stopping the cart driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1 are provided to the control means C. Wired.
The control means C is inputted with a current value for stopping the operation of the carriage driving motor M2 and the frame driving motor M1, and the stirring time or the number of times of stirring.
In addition, this electric current value is adjusted with the amount and hardness of bedding and excrement, for example.
[0021]
The operation of this system will be described below with reference to FIG.
(SP1) First, the composting apparatus is operated and the screw is rotated.
(SP2) The ammeter starts measuring the current load applied to the screw driving motor.
(SP3) The dolly or frame drive motor is activated to move the dolly.
(SP4) When it is detected that the current value measured at SP2 is greater than or equal to the set value, the control means outputs to stop the drive motor (SP4 ′), and if it is less than the set value, the operation is continued (SP4). '').
(SP5) When the cart or the frame moves a certain distance, it stops and simultaneously the drive motor is switched (SP5 ′).
(SP6) The operation of SP3 to SP5 is performed a set number of times and the process is terminated.
Such a system is always operated during stirring, and the stirring operation is automatically performed.
[0022]
Reference numeral 7 in the drawing is a moisture passage formed through the screw 1. Moisture squeezed from manure is introduced from an inlet 71 provided at the upper end of the screw 1 and discharged from an outlet 72 provided on the peripheral surface of the rotary shaft approximately 50 cm above the lower end of the screw. The screw 1 is rotated and stirred while being put out below the piled up bedding and manure.
That is, since moisture is mixed and mixed with the bedding and manure in the pitch and transported upward, the moisture that permeates the bedding and manure and accumulates on the lower side can be efficiently mixed and stirred.
The inlet 71 is provided with a connecting pipe 73 to which a hose for feeding moisture is connected. A hose having a length corresponding to the movement of the frame A1 and the carriage A2 is connected to the connecting pipe 73.
[0023]
In addition, the composting apparatus of this invention is not limited to the form shown by the present Example, The thing of the form which is moved back and forth and moved right and left on the container which puts bedding and excrement is included.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the composting apparatus of the present invention lengthens the screw and extends the moving amount of the frame and the carriage by chopping solid deposits and preventing clogging of the clay-like mixture. In addition, since the stirring can be performed without any problem, it is possible to improve the stirring efficiency of a large amount of bedding and manure and to increase the loading amount of the bedding and manure, thereby improving the processing capacity.
In particular, by increasing the loading height of the litter and manure, the fermentation temperature rises and microorganisms are activated to improve the efficiency of composting, and the throughput can be increased even if the planar area is reduced.
In addition, tangling of long items such as rice straw and wheat cane in the litter can be prevented and the litter and manure can be smoothly transported without clogging the pitch, so a large amount of litter and manure can be transported. This is effective in improving the stirring efficiency.
In claim 2, by preventing the bogie from being lifted, there is no occurrence of the inclination of the screw, and there is no influence on the left-right movement of the bogie, so that the screw is lengthened and the bogie is operated smoothly. This is extremely effective in improving the stirring efficiency.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the carriage can be moved left and right even if the driving wheel slips, it is extremely effective in preventing the carriage from stopping or jerky and operating the carriage smoothly.
The fourth aspect of the present invention is extremely effective in efficiently stirring a large amount of bedding and manure having a large resistance value by preventing adverse effects on the screw driving motor when the resistance value acting on the screw is large. In addition, the life of the screw drive motor can be greatly extended, which greatly helps to reduce the maintenance cost.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the deflection of the holding frame, which is a cause of vibration, is suppressed, it is possible to perform an extremely quiet operation without adversely affecting the noise caused by the vibration of the holding frame and the holding frame itself and the carriage.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the twisting force applied to the screw is reduced, it is possible to prevent the screw from rotating and adversely affecting the drive transmission means.
Therefore, this invention can provide the composting apparatus which achieves the subject of the improvement of the stirring efficiency of a litter and manure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a composting apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a main part.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged front view of a main part.
5 is a sectional view taken along line (5)-(5) in FIG. 3;
6 is a sectional view taken along line (6)-(6) in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration for controlling the operation of the composting apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an operating state.
[Explanation of symbols]
A: Composting device 1: Screw 2: Screw blade 3: Shredded blade 4: Rotating shaft 5: Stirring blade A12: H steel A22: Wheel A25: Roller A26: Wire A27: Receiving wheel

Claims (6)

In a vertical axis stirring type composting device that is suspended by a cart that moves left and right on a frame that moves back and forth, and composted by stirring the litter and livestock manure with a screw,
At the peripheral edge of the screw blade of the screw, a plurality of shredded blades project in the radial direction of the rotating shaft that rotates the screw blade,
A plurality of stirring blades are provided on the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft located between the pitches of the screw blades so as to protrude outward of the rotating shaft,
The stirring blade has an angle shape with the rotation direction side of the rotation shaft as a corner, and the corner is flush with the peripheral surface of the rotation shaft and is perpendicular to the center line of the rotation shaft. Composting device characterized by that. The composting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein wheels of a carriage that moves left and right on a frame that moves back and forth are provided so as to sandwich the frame from above and below. 2. A wire stretched by fixing a left and right end portion to a left and right end portion of a frame around a roller provided so as to rotate integrally with a drive wheel of a carriage. The composting apparatus according to claim 2. When the current load applied to the screw driving motor is detected and a current exceeding a preset value is detected, the operation of the cart driving motor and the frame driving motor is stopped. The composting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composting apparatus is operated again. The vibration due to the transmission of the rotational vibration of the screw is prevented by applying reinforcement for suppressing the deflection of the frame to the holding frame for holding the carriage in the frame. The composting apparatus according to item 1. The drive transmission means is arranged over the drive shaft of the screw drive motor and the rotary shaft peripheral surface near the start end of the screw blade. Composting equipment.

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