JP3996684B2 - Continuous infusion type intradermal medical device - Google Patents

Continuous infusion type intradermal medical device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3996684B2
JP3996684B2 JP31162297A JP31162297A JP3996684B2 JP 3996684 B2 JP3996684 B2 JP 3996684B2 JP 31162297 A JP31162297 A JP 31162297A JP 31162297 A JP31162297 A JP 31162297A JP 3996684 B2 JP3996684 B2 JP 3996684B2
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needle
drug
medical device
injection
skin
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JPH11128367A (en
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功毅 瀬川
邦彦 木村
洋三 西宮
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Toa Eiyo Ltd
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Toa Eiyo Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、薬物が持続的に皮内へ投与され、薬理作用を十分に発揮せしめる持続注入型皮内投与医療用具に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
皮膚は、大別して表皮、真皮及び皮下組織からなり、表皮の最外側は角質層といわれるケラチン化した細胞で覆われている。この角質層は、水の蒸発、薬物等の化学物質の流入や流出に対して制御バリヤーとして働いている。角質層は疎水性等の性質を有するため、水溶性の高い薬物、あるいは分子量の大きい薬物を有効量に達するまで経皮から吸収させることが難しく、これらの薬物を経皮吸収型製剤にすることは極めて困難であった。これらの薬物の皮膚からの吸収性を高めるために、経皮吸収促進剤の添加、超音波を利用したフォノフォレシス、電流を利用したイオントフォレシス等の利用がある。例えばイオントフォレシスに関しては、特開昭60-156475号公報、特開昭60-188176号公報、特開昭61-31169号公報に、導電性電極層と薬物含有導電性ゲル層を積層させてなるプラスター構造体を有するイオントフォレシス用デバイスが報告されている。また、特開昭63-102768号公報には、電極層と薬物含有層とからなるカップ型のプラスター構造体が報告されている。更に、耳適用外用剤として特公平3-67041公報に、耳垂の皮内に投与する製剤が記載されているが、この製剤は中に合計40本の針を保有し、この針が表皮角質層に穴を空けて薬物を投与するものである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
イオントフォレシスは、薬物を有効量までに十分に経皮吸収させようとするとやけど様の皮膚刺激性を起こすことがあり、製剤として大規模の装置を必要とするため、コスト面で問題があるなどの理由から実用に耐え得るものではなかった。また、耳適用外用剤は、40本の針を保有した製剤を耳垂という局所に繰り返し適用することにより、皮膚表面を損傷させることから使用性の面で実用に耐え得るものではなかった。こうしたことから、皮膚から難吸収性の薬物を持続的に皮内投与し、かつ使用性を改善させた製剤又は医療用具は今までに実用に供されることが少なかった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、このような事情に鑑み、通常、ツベルクリン反応、アレルギー反応等の診断の目的で注射され、わずかの痛みしか感じないとされる皮内を投与経路として着目し、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、本発明を完成した。
本発明は、注射針の針管中空部に吸湿性及び吸水性を有する部材を挿入又は充填して薬物移動部を設け、針基部に有効成分を保有する薬物貯留部を設けた持続注入型皮内投与医療用具である。
本発明の医療用具を用い、薬液を持続的に皮内に投与することにより、以下のごとき利点が得られる。
1.従来まで経皮吸収が困難であった薬物の吸収量を高め、薬理効果を十分に発揮させ、しかも長時間持続させることができる。
2.注射針は、皮内注射用の針の長さ及び太さが同等かそれ以下であるため、皮下組織に到達することがないので患者に対して痛みを与えることがない。
3.医療用具として大規模な装置を必要とせず、安価に提供可能である。
4.種々の薬物に対して利用範囲が拡大できる。
5.吸湿性及び吸水性の異なる薬物移動部を使用することにより、注入速度を自由に調節できる。
【0005】
本発明の医療用具は、針基部に薬物貯留部のほかに支持体を設け、支持体表面に粘着層を形成し、皮膚に貼り付けて固定する貼付型とすることにより、次の利点が得られる。
1.貼付することにより、患者が意識することなく投与と同時に表皮あるいは真皮に穴が空くために、患者に与える恐怖感を軽減できる。
2.留置した針がしっかりと固定される。
3.自分で簡単に装着できるため在宅治療が可能である。
4.点滴静注のように患者を一定時間ベットに拘束する必要がなくなり、軽度の運動が可能である。
【0006】
注射剤の投与法には、大別して皮内投与、皮下投与、筋肉内投与、静脈内投与及び動脈内投与に分類される。一般的に皮内投与とは、皮膚の外層である表皮層(層の厚さ約100μm)の直下である真皮層(層の厚さ約3〜5mm)に、皮内注射用の注射針を挿入し、通常約0.1mlのツベルクリン反応診断薬、アレルギー反応診断薬等が投与される。本発明は、この真皮層へ注射針を留置し、持続的に真皮層に薬物を注入する投与方法を特徴とする。
【0007】
図1は、本発明の医療用具の1例を示す断面図である。注射針1の針管中空部に吸湿性及び吸水性を有する部材を挿入又は充填して薬物移動部2を形成する。また針基部には薬物貯留部3を設ける。針基部と薬物貯留部3は固定されていることが好ましい。図2は、貼付型とした場合の一具体例を示す断面図である。針基部には薬物貯留部3及び支持体4を設け、支持体4の表面に粘着層5を形成する。
【0008】
注射針の種類は、針管の外径(ゲージ)及び長さで分類される。例えば、一般的な皮内注射用の針はゲージが26〜27(外径 0.42〜0.47mm,内径0.21〜0.24mm)、長さは13〜19mmのものである。図1及び図2に示した1の注射針は、皮内注射で使用される針の長さ及び太さが同等かそれ以下のものであり、インシュリンの自己注射器として使われている細い注射針(27〜30ゲージ)でも使用可能である。図1で示した構造のものであれば、皮膚に対して水平方向に穿刺させるため長さは3〜13mmが望ましい。しかし、図2に示したような貼付剤とした場合、皮膚に対して垂直方向に穿刺させるため、皮下組織に到達しない長さ、すなわち約5mm以下のものが望ましい。また針先はできるだけ穿刺抵抗の少ない鋭いカットのものが望ましいが、一般的な針先で刃面の角度が12゜であるレギュラーベベル(RB)、及び刃面の角度が18゜でRBよりもやや鈍角なショートベベル(SB)のどちらでも使用可能である。
【0009】
薬物移動部を形成する部材の吸湿性及び吸水性の指標として、温度20±2℃、相対湿度65±2%の一定環境下で、そのときの吸湿量を測定する公定水分率(石川等,三訂版 繊維 東京電機大学出版局)がある。ちなみに綿では8.5%、麻で12.0%、毛で15.0%、絹で11.0%、レーヨンで11.0%、ナイロンで4.5%、アクリルで2.0%、及びポリ塩化ビニルで0%である。薬物移動部2の部材は、公定水分率が5%以上のものが望ましく、絹、羊毛、綿、麻、レーヨン、キュプラ、あるいはそれ以上に公定水分率の高いものが望ましい。
薬物移動部2を形成する部材の形状は、糸状のものであれば針管中空部に簡単に挿入又は充填しやすい。また、糸状のものは均一に繊維が引きそろえられ、又は集合されているため、薬物貯留部から針先端部までの薬液の移動速度のバラツキが少なくなり、結果的に体内への吸収速度のバラツキが少なくなる。
【0010】
薬物移動部2の長さは、薬物貯留部4から針先端の斜面部分まで、若しくは斜面先端部よりも1〜2mm程度長いものが望ましい。 なぜならば、薬物移動部2の先端部と、皮内の真皮層との接触面積を大きくさせた方が薬物の吸収速度が速く、高い血漿中濃度が得られる。逆に、薬物移動部2の先端部が針先端の斜面部分より短いと、針を皮内に挿入した場合に薬物移動部2の先端部と針先端部との空間に気泡ができ、薬物移動部2から皮内へ薬液を確実に注入させることができない。薬物移動部2は、針管中空部に固定されていても、固定されていなくてもどちらでも良い。薬物移動部2の太さは特に規定はないが、針管中空部を通すことが可能な太さのものであれば良い。
【0011】
薬物貯留部3の材質は、薬液の染み出しを防止できるものであればよく、例えば合成樹脂系、ゴム系等が挙げられる。薬物貯留部3の上部には1ないし数個の空気孔を設けることが好ましい。薬液貯留部3には注射器により薬液を注入してもよく、また、薬液貯留部3に固形の薬物を入れておき、使用時に生理食塩水等を注射器により注入してもよい。
【0012】
水溶性の高い薬物、分子量の大きい薬物、高い融点をもつ薬物等は、一般に経皮吸収性の低い薬物であり、例えば狭心症治療薬の一硝酸イソソルビド、血管拡張剤のニフェジピン、ニカルジピン、ジルチアゼム、不整脈用剤のベラパミル、アジマリン、ジソピラミド、抗不安薬のジアゼパム、エチゾラム、トリアゾラム、クロチアゼパム、抗血栓治療剤のアスピリン、ワーファリン、心不全治療剤のデノパミン、ジギトキシン、ジゴキシン、癌性疼痛薬のモルヒネ、ペプチド系薬物のインシュリン、カルシトニン、副甲状腺ホルモン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン、副腎皮質刺激ホルモン、セクレチン、オキシトシン、グルカゴン、アンギオテンシン、ソマトスタチン、バソプレシン、黄体形成ホルモン放出ホルモン、エンケファリン、成長ホルモン、インターフェロン、インターロイキン、エンドセリン等が挙げられる。
薬物貯留部3中に有効成分として上記のような薬物を含有した薬液を貯留しておき、皮内投与することができる。なお、皮内への注入量に限度があるため、1日の投与量の少ない薬物であれば上記以外のものでも投与可能である。
【0013】
皮内投与は痛みを感じない投与経路であるが、注射針を皮内に留置させるため、投与中に違和感を感じることは否めない。このため、この違和感を解消させるため、薬液に無痛化剤として局所麻酔剤を配合することもできる。局所麻酔剤としては、例えば塩酸プロカイン、塩酸リドカイン、塩酸ジブカイン、塩酸メピバカイン、塩酸オキシブプロカイン、塩酸テトラカイン、オキセサゼイン、アミノ安息香酸エチル等が挙げられる。
【0014】
図2は、貼付型とした場合の一具体例を示す断面図である。支持体4の上部に薬物貯留部3を、支持体4の下部には粘着層5を設けている。薬物貯留部3と注射針部分は連結されており、支持体4及び粘着層5の平面に対して注射針が垂直に貫通されている。注射針と支持体4の接触部分は、注射針が上下左右に動かないようにしっかりと固定されてある。支持体4は、貼りやすさ、剥しやすさなど取り扱い性を向上させるため、また注射針を固定させるため、適度に厚く腰の強いものが望ましい。支持体4としては、例えばシリコン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン等のフィルム状又は板状のものが挙げられる。
【0015】
粘着層5は、貼付剤を皮膚に貼付したときに、真皮層に挿入した注射針が軽度な運動でもずれないように固定するなど、使用性を改善させるためのものである。粘着層5に使用される粘着剤としては、例えばアクリル酸アルキルエステル重合体、メタクリル酸アルキルエステル重合体等のアクリル酸系粘着剤、天然ゴム、合成イソプレンゴム、ポリイソブチレン、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリイソプレン、ポリブタジエン、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体等のゴム系粘着剤、ポリオルガノシロキサンなどのシリコン系粘着剤等のいずれもが使用可能である。
【0016】
以下、本発明を実施例で詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【実施例1】
本発明に従って、図1に示す装置を製造した。長さが13mm、太さが26ゲージ(外径約0.45mm)、針先の刃面がSBタイプの針管1の針管中空部に、長さ16mmの東大式絹製縫合糸0号を針管1の刃先先端部から約1mm出るように通し、薬物移動部2とした。この薬物移動部2を通した針管1を、厚さ5mm、径5mmの円柱状のシリコン板の中心部に、シリコン板に対して垂直方向に刺し貫通させた。針管1の針先からシリコン板までの距離を6mmとして、針管1とシリコン板の接合部を接着剤で固定した。シリコン板上部に、径4mm、厚さ8mmの円形のプラスチック製のキャップをのせ、両者の接合部から液漏れがないように十分に接着させた。この径4mm、厚さ8mmの円形部分の空間を薬物貯留部3とし、以下の試験例1、2及び5に使用した。
【0017】
実施例2
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(以下PETフィルム)の片面に、アクリル系粘着剤を90μmの厚さで塗工後、60℃で約20分間乾燥した。粘着層の面にポリエステル製セパレーターを貼り合わせた。PETフィルムの反対面にはシリコン系粘着剤を90μmの厚さで塗工し、60℃で約20分間乾燥し、両面テープを作成した。厚さ1.0mmのシリコン板を両面テープのシリコン系粘着剤側に張り付け、直径19mmの円形に打ち抜いた。シリコン板部分を支持体4、アクリル系粘着剤部分を粘着層5とした。長さ約5mm、太さ26ゲージ(外径約0.45mm)、針先の刃面がSBタイプの針管1の針管中空部に、長さ約8mmの東大式絹製縫合糸0号を刃先先端部から約1mm出るように通し、薬物移動部2とした。シリコン板の粘着層5側の反対面から、シリコン板に対して垂直方向に円形の中心部に針管1を刺し、粘着層5と針管1の接点から針管1の刃先先端部までの長さを2.0mmとした。針管1と支持体4の接合部を接着剤で固定した。別に厚さ1mm、直径19mmのシリコン板に直径8mmの穴を空けドーナツ型のシリコン板を作成した。支持体4の粘着層5と反対面にこのドーナツ型のシリコン板を重ね合わせ、両者をシリコン系粘着剤で接合させた。これにより、ドーナツ型のシリコン板の中心部に、厚さ1mm、直径8mmの空間ができ、この部分に、深さ3mm、内径8mmの円形のプラスチック製のキャップを取り付けた。この厚さ4mm、内径8mmの空間部分を薬物貯留部3とし、以下の試験例3、4及び5に使用した。
【0018】
試験例1 (薬物注入速度の測定)
通常では水溶性が高く、経皮吸収がほとんど不可能な薬物である一硝酸イソソルビド(以下ISMN)をモデル薬物として以下の試験を実施した。実施例1で製造した医療用具の薬物貯蔵部3にISMNの1.0mg/ml水溶液約100μl を入れ、図3に示すFranz型の2−チャンバー拡散セルを用いて試験を行った。図3中の6はドナー相、7はレセプター相、8はサンプリング口である。塩化ビニール製のフィルム9をドナー相6とレセプター相7の間に挟み、実施例1で製造した医療用具の針部分をドナー相6からレセプター相7へ貫通させた。レセプター相7の液には水を使用し、適用後20、40及び60分にサンプリング口8からレセプター相7の試料溶液1mlをそれぞれ採取した。なお、試料溶液の採取後は1mlの水をレセプター相7へ補充した。試料溶液中のISMNを高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて定量し、レセプター相7内の試料溶液中のISMN濃度を求め、その値により薬物貯留部3からレセプター相7への薬物の注入速度を算出した。試験結果を表1に示す。
【0019】
【表1】
レセプター相内のISMN濃度の測定結果

Figure 0003996684
【0020】
試験結果から、レセプター相内のISMN濃度は時間に対してほぼ比例して上昇し、薬物貯留部3からレセプター相7への薬物の注入速度は、3回の平均値から約40μl/hrと求められた。
【0021】
試験例2 (ラットにおける血漿中濃度測定)
実施例1で製造した医療用具の薬物貯留部3にISMNの50mg/ml水溶液約600μlを入れ、これを使用して以下の実験を行った。実験動物として雄性ラット(SD系8週齢)を用いた。ラットをウレタン麻酔し、腹部をバリカンにより除毛した。本医療用具の針先端部分の斜面を上に向け、その斜面が真皮中に見えなくなるまで皮膚内に水平に挿入し、動かないように本医療用具の側面をサージカルテープで軽く固定した。適用前、適用後1、2、3及び6時間にそれぞれ頚静脈から採血し、血漿中ISMN濃度を高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて定量した。なお、対照例としてISMNの経皮吸収性を確認するため、別のラットの腹部を除毛した後、直径約1cmの円の範囲内に同濃度のISMN水溶液を約1ml垂らし、蒸散しないように塩化ビニール製のフィルムで上部を覆った。以下、同様の条件で血漿中濃度を測定した。その結果を図4に示す。対照例では各測定時の血漿中ISMN濃度は0μg/mlであった。一方、本医療用具では、ラット2匹の平均血漿中濃度が投与後1時間後に0.5 μg/ml、2時間後に0.8 μg/ml、3時間後には1.5μg/mlに達し、その後6時間までほぼ一定の値を維持した。
【0022】
試験例3 (ミニブタの摘出皮膚を用いた膜透過性試験)
図3に示したFranz型の2−チャンバー拡散セルを用いて試験を行った。フィルム9に代えてミニブタ(Yucatan Micropig)の胸部摘出皮膚を用い、表皮層側をドナー相6、真皮層側をレセプター相7として挟んだ。レセプター相7を等張リン酸緩衝液pH7.0で満たし、セル温度を34℃に保温した。 実施例2で製造した医療用具の薬物貯留部3にISMNの50mg/ml水溶液約500μlを注入し、粘着層5のセパレーターを剥がし、ドナー相6側である摘出皮膚の表皮面に貼付した。粘着層5から針先端部までの長さが約2.0mmであり、使用したミニブタ皮膚の真皮層の厚さが約4.0mm(実測値)であるため、針先端部が真皮層内に留置されていることを確認した。適用後、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、24及び48時間後にサンプリング口8からレセプター相7の試料溶液500μlを採取した。なお、試料溶液の採取後は500μlの等張リン酸緩衝液pH7.0をレセプター相7へ補充した。試料溶液中のISMNを高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて定量し、レセプター相7内の試料溶液中のISMN濃度から累積透過量を求め、膜透過速度を算出した。試験結果を表2に示す。
【0023】
【表2】
ミニブタの摘出皮膚を用いた膜透過性試験結果
Figure 0003996684
【0024】
試験結果から、貼付2時間後から吸収が認められ、2回の平均値から、48時間までの累積透過量が1325.4μg、膜透過速度が30.2μg/hrと求められ、in vitroの実験において極めて高い薬物吸収が確認された。ミニブタの皮膚(表皮層及び真皮層)はヒトの皮膚の厚さとかなり類似しており、ヒトへの投与においても同様な膜透過性が得られると予想できる。
【0025】
試験例4 (実施例2で製造した医療用具を用いたラット血漿中濃度測定)
実施例2で製造した貼付型医療用具の薬物貯留部3にISMNの50mg/ml水溶液約500μlを注入し、これを使用して以下の実験を行った。実験動物として雄性ラット(SD系8週齢)を用い、ウレタン麻酔し、腹部をバリカンで除毛した。医療用具の粘着層5のセパレーターを剥がしてラットの腹部に貼付し、上部を数秒間軽く押さえた。粘着層5から針先端部までの長さが2.0mmであり、ラットの腹部の真皮層の厚さが2.5mm(試験終了時に実測)であったため、針先が皮下組織に到達していないことを確認した。ラットに貼付前、貼付後1、2、3及び6時間後にそれぞれ頚静脈から採血し、血漿中ISMN濃度を高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて定量した。その結果を図4に示す。ラット2匹の平均血漿中濃度が、投与後1時間に0.5μg/ml、2時間後に1.0μg/ml、3時間後に1.8μg/mlに達し、その後6時間まで約1.5μg/mlと一定の値を示し、in vivoの試験においても高い吸収性が認められた。
【0026】
試験例5 (ヒトにおける試験)
薬物の吸収性、皮膚刺激性及び使用性について検討するため、ヒトへ実際に実施例1及び2で製造した医療用具を適用した。なお、医療用具はあらかじめエチレンオキサイドガスで滅菌されたものを使用した。以下に示す処方により無菌下で調製したISMN溶液約100μlをそれぞれ薬物貯留部3へ注入し、実施例1の医療用具については、前腕の前方表面に、針の先端斜面を上に向け、斜面が真皮中に見えなくなるまで皮膚内に水平に挿入し、動かないように医療用具の側面をサージカルテープで軽く固定した。また、実施例2の医療用具については、粘着層5のセパレーターを剥がして胸部に貼着した。なお、被験者はそれぞれ2名で行った。
【0027】
ヒトに投与したISMN水溶液の処方
ISMN原末 1500mg
クエン酸一水和物 16.8mg
クエン酸ナトリウム二水和物 123.5mg
塩化ナトリウム 193.8mg
注射用水 適量
(全量を50mlとした)
【0028】
本医療用具の装着時、試験途中及び本医療用具の取り外し時のいずれの場合においても、針の穿刺による痛さは感じなかった。ISMNは、薬理作用として強力な血管拡張作用を有しているため、体内に吸収されると血圧が低下するとともに、頭痛又は頭重感が自覚症状として現れる。装着開始から約1時間後に、ISMN特有の自覚症状である頭痛又は頭重感が起こり、薬物が体内に吸収されたことを間接的に確認した。本医療用具を皮膚から取り外した数時間後、これらの自覚症状は完全に消失した。また、本医療用具を取り外した時点で、皮膚に蚊に刺されたような針の跡が残ったが、次の日には完全に消失していた。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上の試験例から明らかなように、本発明の医療用具を使用し、経皮吸収されにくい薬物を持続的に皮内へ投与することにより、高い薬物吸収性及び血漿中濃度の持続性が認められた。また、投与経路は皮内でしかも局所であるため皮膚刺激性は認められず、本発明の医療用具は極めて有用性の高いものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の医療用具の断面図である。
【図2】 本発明の医療用具の断面図である。
【図3】 試験例1及び3で使用したFranz 型の2−チャンバー拡散セルの横断面図である。
【図4】 試験例2及び4の薬物の血漿中濃度のグラフである。
【記号の説明】
1:針管
2:薬物移動部
3:薬物貯留部
4:支持体
5:粘着層
6:ドナー相
7:レセプター相
8:サンプリング口
9:フイルム
10:攪拌子[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a continuous infusion type intradermal medical device in which a drug is continuously administered into the skin and sufficiently exerts a pharmacological action.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Skin is roughly divided into epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, and the outermost surface of the epidermis is covered with keratinized cells called the stratum corneum. This stratum corneum serves as a control barrier against water evaporation and inflow and outflow of chemicals such as drugs. Because the stratum corneum has properties such as hydrophobicity, it is difficult to absorb highly water-soluble drugs or drugs with high molecular weight from the skin until reaching an effective amount. Was extremely difficult. In order to enhance the absorbability of these drugs from the skin, there are uses such as addition of a percutaneous absorption enhancer, phonophoresis using ultrasonic waves, iontophoresis using electric current, and the like. For example, regarding iontophoresis, a conductive electrode layer and a drug-containing conductive gel layer are laminated in JP-A-60-156475, JP-A-60-188176, and JP-A-61-31169. An iontophoresis device having a plaster structure is reported. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-102768 reports a cup-type plaster structure comprising an electrode layer and a drug-containing layer. Furthermore, JP-B-3-67041 discloses a preparation to be administered intradermally in the earlobe as an external preparation for ear application. This preparation has a total of 40 needles, and these needles are used in the epidermal stratum corneum. The drug is administered by making a hole in the hole.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Iontophoresis may cause burn-like skin irritation if the drug is absorbed sufficiently to an effective amount, and requires a large-scale device as a preparation, which is problematic in terms of cost. It could not withstand practical use for reasons such as these. In addition, the external preparation for ear application has not been practically usable in terms of usability since the skin surface is damaged by repeatedly applying a preparation having 40 needles locally to the earlobe. For these reasons, preparations or medical devices in which a poorly absorbable drug is continuously administered intradermally and the usability is improved have been rarely put to practical use.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have focused on the intradermal route, which is usually injected for the purpose of diagnosis of tuberculin reaction, allergic reaction, etc. As a result of overlapping, the present invention was completed.
The present invention provides a continuous infusion type intradermal device in which a drug moving part is provided by inserting or filling a hygroscopic and water-absorbing member into a hollow part of a needle tube of an injection needle, and a drug reservoir part holding an active ingredient is provided in a needle base part. It is a medical device for administration.
By using the medical device of the present invention and continuously administering the drug solution into the skin, the following advantages can be obtained.
1. It is possible to increase the absorption amount of a drug, which has been difficult to percutaneously absorb until now, to sufficiently exert a pharmacological effect and to maintain it for a long time.
2. Since the length and thickness of the needle for intradermal injection are the same or less, the injection needle does not reach the subcutaneous tissue and thus does not give pain to the patient.
3. It does not require a large-scale device as a medical tool and can be provided at low cost.
4). The range of use can be expanded for various drugs.
5). By using drug moving parts having different hygroscopicity and water absorption, the injection rate can be freely adjusted.
[0005]
The medical device of the present invention has the following advantages by providing a support in addition to the drug reservoir in the needle base, forming an adhesive layer on the surface of the support, and affixing to the skin for fixing. It is done.
1. By sticking, since a hole is formed in the epidermis or dermis simultaneously with administration without the patient being aware of it, the fear given to the patient can be reduced.
2. The indwelling needle is firmly fixed.
3. Home care is possible because it can be easily worn by yourself.
4). It is not necessary to restrain the patient on the bed for a certain period of time as in the case of intravenous drip infusion, and mild exercise is possible.
[0006]
Injection methods are roughly classified into intradermal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intravenous administration and intraarterial administration. In general, intradermal administration means that a needle for intradermal injection is placed in the dermis layer (layer thickness of about 3 to 5 mm) just below the epidermis layer (layer thickness of about 100 μm), which is the outer layer of the skin. Usually, about 0.1 ml of tuberculin reaction diagnostic agent, allergic reaction diagnostic agent, etc. are administered. The present invention is characterized by an administration method in which an injection needle is placed in the dermis layer and a drug is continuously injected into the dermis layer.
[0007]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the medical device of the present invention. The drug moving part 2 is formed by inserting or filling a hygroscopic and water-absorbing member into the hollow part of the needle tube of the injection needle 1. A drug reservoir 3 is provided at the needle base. The needle base and the drug reservoir 3 are preferably fixed. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific example in the case of a sticking mold. A drug reservoir 3 and a support 4 are provided at the needle base, and an adhesive layer 5 is formed on the surface of the support 4.
[0008]
The types of injection needles are classified by the outer diameter (gauge) and length of the needle tube. For example, a typical needle for intradermal injection has a gauge of 26 to 27 (outer diameter 0.42 to 0.47 mm, inner diameter 0.21 to 0.24 mm) and a length of 13 to 19 mm. The needle 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a thin needle used as an insulin self-injector, with the length and thickness of the needle used for intradermal injection being equal or less. (27-30 gauge) can also be used. In the case of the structure shown in FIG. 1, the length is preferably 3 to 13 mm in order to puncture the skin in the horizontal direction. However, in the case of the patch as shown in FIG. 2, it is desired to have a length that does not reach the subcutaneous tissue, that is, about 5 mm or less in order to puncture the skin in a direction perpendicular to the skin. The needle tip is preferably a sharp cut with as little puncture resistance as possible, but a regular bevel (RB) with a blade angle of 12 ° with a typical needle tip, and a blade angle of 18 ° with an angle of 18 ° than RB. Either a slightly obtuse short bevel (SB) can be used.
[0009]
As an index of hygroscopicity and water absorption of the members that form the drug moving part, the official moisture content (Ishikawa et al., Etc.) 3rd edition textile Tokyo Denki University Press). By the way, 8.5% for cotton, 12.0% for linen, 15.0% for wool, 11.0% for silk, 11.0% for rayon, 4.5% for nylon, 2.0% for acrylic, and 0% for polyvinyl chloride. The member of the drug moving part 2 desirably has an official moisture content of 5% or more, and preferably has silk, wool, cotton, hemp, rayon, cupra, or higher official moisture content.
If the shape of the member forming the drug moving part 2 is thread-like, it can be easily inserted or filled into the needle tube hollow part. In addition, since the fibers are evenly gathered or gathered in the filamentous material, there is less variation in the moving speed of the drug solution from the drug reservoir to the needle tip, resulting in variations in the absorption rate into the body. Less.
[0010]
The length of the drug moving part 2 is preferably about 1 to 2 mm longer than the drug storing part 4 to the slope part of the needle tip or the slope tip part. This is because increasing the contact area between the distal end of the drug moving part 2 and the dermis layer in the skin increases the drug absorption rate and provides a high plasma concentration. On the contrary, if the tip of the drug moving part 2 is shorter than the slope part of the needle tip, when the needle is inserted into the skin, a bubble is formed in the space between the tip of the drug moving part 2 and the needle tip, and the drug moves The medical solution cannot be reliably injected from the part 2 into the skin. The drug moving part 2 may or may not be fixed to the hollow part of the needle tube. Although the thickness of the drug moving part 2 is not particularly specified, it may be of a thickness that allows the needle tube hollow part to pass through.
[0011]
The material of the drug storage unit 3 may be any material as long as it can prevent the drug solution from leaking out, and examples thereof include a synthetic resin system and a rubber system. It is preferable to provide one to several air holes in the upper part of the drug reservoir 3. You may inject | pour a chemical | medical solution into the chemical | medical solution storage part 3 with a syringe, and you may put solid medicine in the chemical | medical solution storage part 3, and inject | pour physiological saline etc. with a syringe at the time of use.
[0012]
Drugs with high water solubility, drugs with high molecular weight, drugs with high melting point, etc. are generally drugs with low percutaneous absorption, such as isosorbide mononitrate for the treatment of angina pectoris, vasodilators nifedipine, nicardipine, diltiazem. , Arrhythmia verapamil, azimarin, disopyramide, anxiolytic diazepam, etizolam, triazolam, clothiazepam, antithrombotic aspirin, warfarin, heart failure treatment denopamine, digitoxin, digoxin, cancer pain medication morphine, peptide Systemic drugs insulin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, corticotropin, secretin, oxytocin, glucagon, angiotensin, somatostatin, vasopressin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, enkephalin, growth hormone Interferons, interleukins, endothelin, and the like.
A drug solution containing the above drug as an active ingredient can be stored in the drug reservoir 3 and administered intradermally. In addition, since there is a limit to the amount of injection into the skin, drugs other than the above can be administered as long as the drug has a small daily dose.
[0013]
Intradermal administration is an administration route that does not cause pain, but since the injection needle is placed in the skin, it cannot be denied that the user feels uncomfortable during administration. For this reason, in order to eliminate this uncomfortable feeling, a local anesthetic can also be mix | blended with a chemical | medical solution as a soothing agent. Examples of the local anesthetic include procaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, dibucaine hydrochloride, mepivacaine hydrochloride, oxybuprocaine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, oxesasein, ethyl aminobenzoate and the like.
[0014]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific example in the case of a sticking mold. The drug reservoir 3 is provided above the support 4, and the adhesive layer 5 is provided below the support 4. The drug reservoir 3 and the injection needle portion are connected, and the injection needle penetrates perpendicularly to the plane of the support 4 and the adhesive layer 5. The contact portion between the injection needle and the support 4 is firmly fixed so that the injection needle does not move up, down, left and right. The support 4 is preferably reasonably thick and strong in order to improve handleability such as ease of sticking and ease of peeling, and to fix the injection needle. Examples of the support 4 include film-like or plate-like materials such as silicon, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polyester, and polyvinylidene chloride.
[0015]
The adhesive layer 5 is for improving usability, for example, when the patch is applied to the skin, the injection needle inserted into the dermis layer is fixed so as not to be displaced even with a slight movement. Examples of the pressure-sensitive adhesive used for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 5 include acrylic acid-based pressure-sensitive adhesives such as acrylic acid alkyl ester polymers and methacrylic acid alkyl ester polymers, natural rubber, synthetic isoprene rubber, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl ether, polyisoprene, Any of rubber adhesives such as polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, and silicon adhesives such as polyorganosiloxane can be used.
[0016]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Example 1]
In accordance with the present invention, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured. The University of Tokyo silk suture No. 0 with a length of 16mm is inserted into the needle tube hollow portion of the needle tube 1 with a length of 13mm, a thickness of 26 gauge (outer diameter approx. 0.45mm) and a needle tip of SB type. The drug moving part 2 was passed through so as to protrude about 1 mm from the tip of the blade. The needle tube 1 passed through the drug moving part 2 was pierced and penetrated in the center of a cylindrical silicon plate having a thickness of 5 mm and a diameter of 5 mm in a direction perpendicular to the silicon plate. The distance from the needle tip of the needle tube 1 to the silicon plate was set to 6 mm, and the joint between the needle tube 1 and the silicon plate was fixed with an adhesive. A circular plastic cap with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 8 mm was placed on the upper part of the silicon plate, and was sufficiently adhered so that there was no liquid leakage from the joint between the two. The space of this circular portion having a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 8 mm was used as the drug reservoir 3 and used in the following Test Examples 1, 2, and 5.
[0017]
Example 2
An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was applied to one side of a polyethylene terephthalate film (hereinafter referred to as PET film) at a thickness of 90 μm, and then dried at 60 ° C. for about 20 minutes. A polyester separator was bonded to the surface of the adhesive layer. On the other side of the PET film, a silicone adhesive was applied to a thickness of 90 μm and dried at 60 ° C. for about 20 minutes to prepare a double-sided tape. A 1.0 mm thick silicon plate was attached to the silicone adhesive side of the double-sided tape and punched into a 19 mm diameter circle. The silicon plate part was used as the support 4, and the acrylic adhesive part was used as the adhesive layer 5. About 5 mm in length, 26 gauge in thickness (outer diameter: about 0.45 mm), the needle tip of the SB type needle tube 1 is the needle tube hollow part of the SB type needle tube No. 0 Todai-style silk suture No. 0 The drug moving part 2 was passed through so as to protrude about 1 mm from the part. The needle tube 1 is stabbed into the center of the circle perpendicular to the silicon plate from the opposite surface of the adhesive layer 5 side of the silicon plate, and the length from the contact point between the adhesive layer 5 and the needle tube 1 to the tip end of the needle tube 1 is increased. 2.0 mm. The joint between the needle tube 1 and the support 4 was fixed with an adhesive. Separately, a silicon plate having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 19 mm was formed by making a hole with a diameter of 8 mm in a donut-shaped silicon plate. This donut-shaped silicon plate was placed on the surface of the support 4 opposite to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 5, and both were bonded with a silicon-based pressure-sensitive adhesive. As a result, a space having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 8 mm was created at the center of the donut-shaped silicon plate, and a circular plastic cap having a depth of 3 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm was attached to this space. The space portion having a thickness of 4 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm was used as the drug reservoir 3 and used in Test Examples 3, 4 and 5 below.
[0018]
Test Example 1 (Measurement of drug injection rate)
The following tests were conducted using isosorbide mononitrate (hereinafter referred to as ISMN), which is a drug that is usually highly water-soluble and almost impossible to transdermally absorb, as a model drug. About 100 μl of a 1.0 mg / ml aqueous solution of ISMN was placed in the drug reservoir 3 of the medical device produced in Example 1, and the test was performed using a Franz type two-chamber diffusion cell shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, 6 is a donor phase, 7 is a receptor phase, and 8 is a sampling port. A film 9 made of vinyl chloride was sandwiched between the donor phase 6 and the receptor phase 7, and the needle portion of the medical device manufactured in Example 1 was penetrated from the donor phase 6 to the receptor phase 7. Water was used as the receptor phase 7 solution, and 1 ml of the sample solution of the receptor phase 7 was collected from the sampling port 8 at 20, 40 and 60 minutes after application. After collecting the sample solution, 1 ml of water was replenished to the receptor phase 7. The ISMN in the sample solution was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography, the ISMN concentration in the sample solution in the receptor phase 7 was determined, and the injection rate of the drug from the drug reservoir 3 to the receptor phase 7 was calculated from the value. . The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Measurement results of ISMN concentration in the receptor phase
Figure 0003996684
[0020]
From the test results, the ISMN concentration in the receptor phase increased in proportion to the time, and the injection rate of the drug from the drug reservoir 3 to the receptor phase 7 was determined to be about 40 μl / hr from the average of three times. It was.
[0021]
Test Example 2 (Measurement of plasma concentration in rats)
About 600 μl of a 50 mg / ml aqueous solution of ISMN was placed in the drug reservoir 3 of the medical device manufactured in Example 1, and the following experiment was performed using this. Male rats (SD system, 8 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. Rats were anesthetized with urethane, and the abdomen was depilated with clippers. The slope of the needle tip of the medical device was turned up and inserted horizontally into the skin until the slope disappeared into the dermis, and the side of the medical device was lightly fixed with surgical tape to prevent movement. Blood was collected from the jugular vein before application, 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours after application, and plasma ISMN concentration was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. As a control example, in order to confirm the transdermal absorbability of ISMN, after removing the hair of the abdomen of another rat, about 1 ml of an ISMN aqueous solution of the same concentration was dropped within a circle with a diameter of about 1 cm so as not to evaporate. The upper part was covered with a film made of vinyl chloride. Hereinafter, the plasma concentration was measured under the same conditions. The result is shown in FIG. In the control example, the plasma ISMN concentration at the time of each measurement was 0 μg / ml. On the other hand, with this medical device, the average plasma concentration of 2 rats reached 0.5 μg / ml 1 hour after administration, 0.8 μg / ml after 2 hours, 1.5 μg / ml after 3 hours, and almost until 6 hours thereafter. A constant value was maintained.
[0022]
Test Example 3 (Membrane permeability test using minipig isolated skin)
The test was performed using the Franz type 2-chamber diffusion cell shown in FIG. Instead of the film 9, a minipig (Yucatan Micropig) chest-extracted skin was used, and the epidermis layer side was sandwiched between the donor phase 6 and the dermis layer side as the receptor phase 7. Receptor phase 7 was filled with isotonic phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and the cell temperature was kept at 34 ° C. About 500 μl of a 50 mg / ml aqueous solution of ISMN was injected into the drug reservoir 3 of the medical device manufactured in Example 2, the separator of the adhesive layer 5 was peeled off, and was stuck on the epidermis surface of the extracted skin on the donor phase 6 side. The length from the adhesive layer 5 to the needle tip is about 2.0 mm, and the thickness of the dermis layer of the mini-pig skin used is about 4.0 mm (actual measurement), so the needle tip is left in the dermis layer. Confirmed that. After application, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, and 48 hours later, 500 μl of sample solution of receptor phase 7 was collected from the sampling port 8. After collecting the sample solution, 500 μl of isotonic phosphate buffer pH 7.0 was supplemented to the receptor phase 7. The ISMN in the sample solution was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography, the cumulative permeation amount was determined from the ISMN concentration in the sample solution in the receptor phase 7, and the membrane permeation rate was calculated. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0023]
[Table 2]
Membrane permeability test results using minipig isolated skin
Figure 0003996684
[0024]
From the test results, absorption was observed 2 hours after application, and from the average value of 2 times, the cumulative permeation amount up to 48 hours was 1325.4μg and the membrane permeation rate was 30.2μg / hr. High drug absorption was confirmed. Minipig skin (skin layer and dermis layer) is quite similar to the thickness of human skin, and it can be expected that similar membrane permeability will be obtained upon administration to humans.
[0025]
Test Example 4 (Measurement of rat plasma concentration using the medical device produced in Example 2)
About 500 μl of a 50 mg / ml aqueous solution of ISMN was injected into the drug reservoir 3 of the adhesive medical device manufactured in Example 2, and the following experiment was performed using this. Male rats (SD system, 8 weeks old) were used as experimental animals, anesthetized with urethane, and the abdomen was depilated with hair clippers. The separator of the adhesive layer 5 of the medical device was peeled off and applied to the abdomen of the rat, and the upper part was lightly pressed for several seconds. The length from the adhesive layer 5 to the tip of the needle is 2.0 mm, and the thickness of the dermis layer of the rat abdomen is 2.5 mm (measured at the end of the test), so the needle tip does not reach the subcutaneous tissue It was confirmed. Blood was collected from the jugular vein before and after 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours after application to the rat, and the plasma ISMN concentration was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. The result is shown in FIG. The average plasma concentration of 2 rats reached 0.5 μg / ml 1 hour after administration, 1.0 μg / ml after 2 hours, 1.8 μg / ml after 3 hours, and then remained constant at about 1.5 μg / ml until 6 hours. The value was shown and high absorbability was also observed in in vivo tests.
[0026]
Test Example 5 (Test in human)
In order to examine drug absorbability, skin irritation and usability, the medical device actually produced in Examples 1 and 2 was applied to humans. The medical device used was sterilized with ethylene oxide gas in advance. About 100 μl of an ISMN solution prepared under aseptic conditions according to the following formulation is injected into the drug reservoir 3, and the medical device of Example 1 has a slope on the front surface of the forearm with the tip slope of the needle facing upward. It was inserted horizontally into the skin until it could not be seen in the dermis, and the side of the medical device was lightly fixed with surgical tape so as not to move. Moreover, about the medical device of Example 2, the separator of the adhesion layer 5 was peeled off and it affixed on the chest. Two subjects were used for each test.
[0027]
Formula of ISMN aqueous solution administered to human ISMN bulk powder 1500mg
Citric acid monohydrate 16.8mg
Sodium citrate dihydrate 123.5mg
Sodium chloride 193.8mg
Water for injection Appropriate amount (total amount was 50 ml)
[0028]
No pain due to needle puncture was felt when the medical device was worn, during the test, or when the medical device was removed. Since ISMN has a powerful vasodilatory action as a pharmacological action, when it is absorbed into the body, blood pressure decreases and headache or head sensation appears as a subjective symptom. About one hour after the start of wearing, a headache or a head sensation, a subjective symptom peculiar to ISMN, occurred and it was indirectly confirmed that the drug was absorbed into the body. Several hours after the device was removed from the skin, these subjective symptoms disappeared completely. Also, when the medical device was removed, a trace of a needle like a mosquito bit remained on the skin, but it disappeared completely the next day.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above test examples, by using the medical device of the present invention and continuously administering a drug difficult to be absorbed through the skin into the skin, high drug absorbability and sustained plasma concentration were observed. It was. Further, since the administration route is intradermal and local, no skin irritation is observed, and the medical device of the present invention is extremely useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a medical device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the medical device of the present invention.
3 is a transverse sectional view of a Franz type 2-chamber diffusion cell used in Test Examples 1 and 3. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a graph of plasma concentrations of drugs of Test Examples 2 and 4.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: needle tube 2: drug moving part 3: drug storing part 4: support 5: adhesive layer 6: donor phase 7: receptor phase 8: sampling port 9: film 10: stirrer

Claims (2)

注射針が、皮内注射用の針の長さ及び太さと同等かそれ以下のものであって、該注射針の針管中空部に吸湿性及び吸水性を有する公定水分率が5%以上の繊維によって均一に引き揃えられた繊維部材を挿入又は充填した薬物移動部を設け、針基部に有効成分を保有する薬物貯留部を設けた持続注入型皮内投与医療用具。  The injection needle is equal to or less than the length and thickness of a needle for intradermal injection, and the needle tube hollow portion of the injection needle has a hygroscopic and water-absorbing official moisture content of 5% or more. A continuous-injection type intradermal administration medical device provided with a drug moving part in which a fiber member uniformly aligned by the insertion is inserted or filled, and a drug reservoir part holding an active ingredient in the needle base part. 前記注射針の長さが3〜13mm、太さが26〜30ゲージであり、かつ前記薬物移動部の長さが前記薬物貯留部から前記注射針の斜面部分まで若しくは斜面先端部より1〜2mm長いものである請求項1記載の持続注入型皮内投与医療用具。  The length of the injection needle is 3 to 13 mm, the thickness is 26 to 30 gauge, and the length of the drug moving part is 1 to 2 mm from the drug storage part to the slope part of the injection needle or the slope tip part. The continuous injection type intradermal medical device according to claim 1, which is long.
JP31162297A 1997-10-29 1997-10-29 Continuous infusion type intradermal medical device Expired - Fee Related JP3996684B2 (en)

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