JP3991047B2 - Humidifier for fuel cell - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control technology for a humidifier mounted on a fuel cell system.

  A fuel cell system is equipped with a solid polymer type fuel cell having a solid polymer membrane having proton conductivity in an electrolyte layer. Since the solid polymer membrane of this fuel cell exhibits high proton conductivity when in a wet state, it is important to keep the solid polymer membrane in a wet state in order to efficiently generate power. In order to keep the solid polymer membrane in a wet state, water exchange is performed between the oxidizing off gas discharged from the cathode side of the fuel cell via the water vapor permeable membrane and the supplied oxidizing gas supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell. A water exchange type humidifier is used.

The oxidizing off-gas discharged from the fuel cell is a gas with high humidity including generated water generated by an electrochemical reaction. Since the oxidizing off gas is heated inside the fuel cell and has a temperature substantially equal to the internal temperature of the fuel cell, the supplied oxidizing gas taken from outside can be humidified without providing a special heat source or the like.
As a method for controlling the humidification amount of the oxidizing supply gas, the humidification amount of the oxidizing supply gas is controlled based on the measurement result of the temperature of the oxidizing off gas passing through the humidifier and the temperature of the supplied oxidizing gas passing through the humidifier. A method has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-164231 A

  However, the optimum humidification amount does not depend only on the temperature of the gas passing through the humidifier, but also strongly depends on other external conditions such as the operating conditions of the fuel cell and the environmental conditions of the humidifier. Therefore, if the humidification amount is determined based only on the temperature of the supplied oxidizing gas passing through the humidifier or the temperature of the oxidizing off gas passing through the humidifier as described above, there is a problem that an optimum humidifying amount cannot be obtained. .

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a humidification control technique capable of appropriately controlling the humidification amount of a supply gas.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a fuel cell humidifier according to the present invention includes a humidifier that humidifies a supply gas supplied to a fuel cell using off-gas discharged from the fuel cell, and a post-passage humidifier. Measuring means for measuring supply gas temperature or off-gas temperature after passing through the humidifier, supply gas flow rate, humidifier temperature, supply gas introduction temperature to the humidifier, off-gas introduction temperature to the humidifier, fuel cell Detection means for detecting a value of at least one parameter of the load current, and the supply based on the detected parameter value and the supply gas temperature after passing through the humidifier or the off-gas temperature after passing through the humidifier And a control means for controlling the humidification amount of the gas.

  According to such a configuration, the humidification amount is not controlled based only on the supply oxidant gas temperature after passing the humidifier, but is controlled in consideration of external conditions such as the flow rate of the supply oxidant gas. Compared to the above, humidification control with higher accuracy is possible.

  Here, in the above configuration, the humidifier humidifies the supply gas by exchanging water between the off-gas and the supply gas through a permeable membrane, and the control unit is configured to supply the supply gas. A determining means for determining a target temperature range of the supply gas after passing through the humidifier or a target temperature range of the off-gas after passing through the humidifier from a request for humidification of the gas; and the supply gas temperature measured by the measuring means or The aspect provided with the adjustment means which adjusts the flow volume of the off gas introduce | transduced into the said humidifier so that the said off gas temperature may be settled in the determined target temperature range of the said supply gas or the target temperature range of the said off gas.

  In addition, the adjustment unit may be configured to perform the humidification when the supply gas temperature or the previous off-gas temperature measured by the measurement unit is lower than the determined supply gas target temperature range or the off-gas target temperature range. While the adjustment is made to increase the flow rate of the off gas to be introduced into the humidifier, the flow rate of the off gas to be introduced into the humidifier is not decreased when the determined target temperature range of the supply gas or the target temperature range of the off gas is exceeded. A mode in which adjustment is performed is further preferable.

  And a bypass passage for bypassing the humidifier with respect to the off-gas discharged from the fuel cell, and a bypass valve for adjusting a bypass amount of the off-gas provided on the bypass passage. It is also preferable that the flow rate of the off gas introduced into the humidifier is adjusted by controlling at least one of the valve on / off time and the valve opening.

  In another preferred embodiment, the off gas is an oxidizing off gas discharged from the cathode side of the fuel cell, and the supply gas is a supply oxidizing gas supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the humidification amount of the supply gas can be appropriately controlled.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 100 according to this embodiment. In the present embodiment described below, it is assumed that the fuel cell system 100 is used as an on-vehicle power generation system of a fuel cell vehicle (FCHV), but for various mobile objects (for example, ships and airplanes). It may be used as an onboard power generation system or a stationary power generation system.

  The fuel cell (cell stack) 140 is means for generating electric power from supplied fuel gas and oxidant gas, and has a stack structure in which a plurality of single cells are stacked in series. The fuel cell 140 includes a fuel gas chamber 141 and an oxidizing gas chamber 142, and a fuel gas such as hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel chamber 141, while the oxidizing gas chamber 142 is humidified through the humidifier 120. An oxidant gas (supply oxidant gas) such as air is supplied. The fuel cell 140 is provided with an ammeter 20 for measuring the load current J.

The humidifier 120 is connected between the oxidizing off gas discharged from the oxidizing gas chamber 142 of the fuel cell 140 via the water vapor exchange membrane (permeable membrane) 121 and the supplied oxidizing gas supplied to the oxidizing gas chamber 142 of the fuel cell 140. It is a means for performing water exchange and heat exchange. The humidifier 120 is provided with a temperature sensor (detection means) 21 for measuring the surface temperature _Th1 . In addition, although this inventor discovered by experiment that there existed a predetermined relationship between the water exchange amount and the heat exchange amount of the humidifier 120 (refer FIG. 2), this point is mentioned later.

The supplied oxidizing gas is taken in from the outside by the compressor 110 and is supplied to the oxidizing gas chamber 142 of the fuel cell 140 via the supply gas passage 10 and the humidifier 120. Here, a flow rate sensor (detection means) 22 for measuring the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidizing gas is provided in the supply gas flow path 10 upstream of the humidifier 120, and a temperature sensor for measuring the introduction temperature T _I1 of the supplied oxidizing gas before humidification. (Detecting means) 23 is provided, and a temperature sensor (measuring means) 24 for measuring the temperature T _I2 of the supplied oxidizing gas after humidification is provided in the supply gas flow path 10 on the downstream side of the humidifier 120.

The supplied oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant gas chamber 142 of the fuel cell 140 is consumed by a predetermined amount by an electrochemical reaction and then discharged to the off-gas passage 11 as an oxidant off-gas. Here, a temperature sensor (detection means) 25 for measuring the introduction temperature T _E1 of the oxidizing off-gas before humidification is provided in the off-gas channel 11 upstream of the humidifier 120, and the off-gas channel downstream of the humidifier 120. 11 is provided with a temperature sensor (measuring means) 26 for measuring the temperature T _E2 of the oxidized off gas after humidification. In addition, a bypass valve (bypass valve) 160 for switching and controlling the flow of the oxidizing offgas between the offgas passage 11 and the bypass passage (bypass passage) 12 is provided in the offgas passage 11 upstream of the humidifier 120. Is provided.

  The bypass flow path 12 is a flow path that bypasses the humidifier 120 with respect to the oxidizing off gas. In the present embodiment, the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the bypass valve 160, the on / off time, and the like. Specifically, when a linear valve is employed as the bypass valve 160, the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is adjusted by controlling the opening degree. On the other hand, when an on / off valve is employed as the bypass valve 160, the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is adjusted by controlling the on / off time. In the following description, a case where a linear valve is used as the bypass valve 160 is assumed.

The cooling mechanism 130 is a device that cools the fuel cell 120. In addition to the temperature sensor 27 that detects the temperature _Tc of the coolant such as cooling water, the cooling mechanism 130 is a pump that pressurizes and circulates the cooling water, and heats the cooling water to the outside. A heat exchanger that radiates heat (not shown) is provided.

  The ECU (control means) 150 centrally controls each part of the fuel cell system 100 by executing various control programs incorporated in a memory such as a ROM or a hard disk. Moreover, ECU150 performs the humidification amount control mentioned later based on the sensor signal supplied from each sensor.

<Relationship between water exchange amount and heat exchange amount of humidifier 120>
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the supply oxidation gas temperature T _I2 and the humidification amount W of the supply oxidation gas when the flow rate Q of the supply oxidation gas is set to 30 NL / min and 105 NL / min.
As shown in FIG. 2, between the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 and humidification value W of the supply oxidizing gas after passing through the humidifier 120 there is a proportional relationship, further this supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 It has been found that the relationship with the humidification amount W of the supplied oxidizing gas depends on the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidizing gas. For example, when the detected supply oxidant gas temperature T _I2 is 64 ° C., the humidification amount W when the supply oxidant gas flow rate Q is set to 30 NL / min is about 0.275. On the other hand, the humidification amount W when the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidizing gas is set to 105 NL / min is about 0.25.

Thus, even if the detected supply oxidant gas temperature T _I2 is the same, the humidification amount W varies depending on the setting of the flow rate Q of the supply oxidant gas. In view of such circumstances, the humidification amount W is not controlled based only on the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after passing through the humidifier, but the humidification amount W is controlled in consideration of external conditions such as the flow rate Q of the supply oxidizing gas. To do. As a result of earnest research, not only the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidant gas but also the introduction temperature T _I1 of the supplied oxidant gas to the humidifier 120, the surface temperature T _h1 of the humidifier 120, the refrigerant temperature T _c of the cooling mechanism 130, fuel It has been found that the load current J of the battery 140 also becomes a control factor of the humidification amount W.

Based on such knowledge, in the present embodiment, the control target temperature T _IW of the supplied oxidizing gas after passing through the humidifier is determined so as to obtain a humidification amount that meets the requirements. In determining the control target temperature T _IW , external conditions such as the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidizing gas are also taken into consideration. Then, the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is adjusted using the bypass valve 160 so that the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after passing through the humidifier detected by the temperature sensor 24 coincides with the control target temperature T _IW. To do.

For example, when the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is increased by reducing the opening of the bypass valve 160, the amount of water exchange between the oxidizing off gas and the supplied oxidizing gas increases, and the humidified amount W of the supplied oxidizing gas Will increase. As the amount of water exchange increases, the amount of heat exchange performed between the oxidizing off gas and the supplied oxidizing gas increases, and the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after passing through the humidifier increases.

On the other hand, if the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is decreased by increasing the opening of the bypass valve 160, the humidification amount W of the supplied oxidizing gas decreases, and the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T after passing through the humidifier. _I2 goes down. In this way, the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the oxidizing off-gas introduced into the humidifier 120 using the bypass valve 160, whereby the humidifying amount (hereinafter referred to as the humidifying request amount) that meets the requirements. W0). Hereinafter, an operation when the humidification amount control of the humidifier 120 is performed using such a principle will be described.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a humidification amount control process executed by the ECU 140.
The ECU (determining means) 140 first calculates (determines) the humidification request amount W0 of the oxidizing supply gas based on the load size of the fuel cell 140, the utilization rate of the supplied oxidizing gas, and the like (step S1). Next, the ECU 140 sets the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidizing gas supplied from each sensor, the introduction temperature T _I1 of the supplied oxidizing gas to the humidifier 120, the surface temperature T _h1 of the humidifier 120, and the refrigerant temperature T _{c of the} cooling mechanism 130. Then, by substituting external conditions such as the load current J of the fuel cell 140 into the function shown in (1) below, the control target temperature T _IW of the supplied oxidizing gas after passing through the humidifier is obtained (step S2).
T _IW = f (W 0, T _{I 1} , T _{h 1} , T _c , Q, J) (1)

Thereafter, the ECU 140 compares the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after passing through the humidifier obtained from the temperature sensor 24 and the control target temperature T _IW (step S3).

When the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 is lower than the control target temperature T _IW (step S3; YES), the ECU (adjusting means) 140 performs control to throttle the bypass valve 160 to increase the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2. Perform (step S4). As a result, the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 increases, the amount of water exchange and heat exchange increases, and the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 increases. When such control is performed, the ECU 140 returns to step S3 and performs similar processing.

On the other hand, when the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 in step S3 is determined to not lower than the control target temperature T _IW (step S3; NO), ECU 140 proceeds to step S5, the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 control target temperature T _IW It is judged whether or not. When the ECU (adjusting means) 140 determines that the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 does not coincide with the control target temperature T _IW (step S5; NO), the ECU 140 adjusts the bypass valve 160 to lower the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2. Control to expand is performed (step S6). As a result, the flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 decreases, the amount of water exchange and heat exchange decreases, and the temperature T _I2 of the supplied oxidizing gas decreases. When such control is performed, the ECU 140 returns to step S3 and performs similar processing.

When it is detected that the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 and the control target temperature T _IW coincide with each other while repeatedly performing such processing, the ECU 140 determines that the required humidification amount is obtained. The processing described above is terminated.

As described above, it is possible to perform humidification control with high accuracy by taking into consideration not only the supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after passing through the humidifier but also external conditions such as the flow rate Q of the supply oxidizing gas.

B. Modification <Modification 1>
In the present embodiment described above, to determine the control target temperature T _IW of supply oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after humidifier passage by utilizing the function represented by the above formula (1), the width of the control target temperature T _IW The given control target temperature range T _{IW0 to} T _IW1 may be obtained. In such a case, the ECU (regulating means) 140 controls the bypass valve 160 and introduces it into the humidifier 120 so that the supplied oxidizing gas temperature T _I2 after passing through the humidifier falls within the control target temperature range T _{IW0 to} T _IW1. The flow rate of off gas may be adjusted.

<Modification 2>
Further, in the present embodiment described above, the flow rate Q of the supply oxidizing gas shown in the equation (1), the introduction temperature T _I1 of the supply oxidizing gas to the humidifier 120, the surface temperature T _h1 of the humidifier 120, the refrigerant of the cooling mechanism 130. Although all the external conditions (parameters) such as the temperature T _c and the load current J of the fuel cell 140 are used, the present invention is not limited to this, and at least one of the external conditions may be used.

<Modification 3>
In the above-described embodiment, the supply oxidant gas temperature T _I2 after passing the humidifier is used as the control target amount of the humidification amount W of the supply oxidant gas. However, the oxidation off-gas temperature T _E2 after passing the humidifier is controlled. It may be used as a quantity. Specifically, as in the present embodiment, the required humidification amount W0 of the oxidizing supply gas is obtained based on the load size of the fuel cell 140, the utilization rate of the supplied oxidizing gas, and the like. Further, the flow rate Q of the supplied oxidizing gas supplied from each sensor, the introduction temperature T _E1 of the oxidizing off gas to the humidifier 120, the surface temperature T _h1 of the humidifier 120, the refrigerant temperature T _c of the cooling mechanism 130, the fuel cell 140 By substituting an external condition such as the load current J into the function shown in the following (2), the control target temperature T _EW of the oxidation off-gas temperature T _E2 after passing the humidifier is obtained.
T _EW = g (W0, T _E1 , T _h1 , T _c , Q, J) (2)

Then, the bypass valve 160 is controlled so that the oxidation off-gas temperature T _E2 after passing through the humidifier 120 matches the control target temperature T _EW (or falls within the control target temperature range T _{EW0 to} T _EW1 ). The flow rate of the oxidizing off gas introduced into the humidifier 120 is adjusted. Note that the point at which the oxidation off-gas temperature T _E2 can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the oxidation off-gas introduced into the humidifier 120 will be omitted because it can be explained in the same manner as described above. Of course, the second modification may be applied to the third modification. The contents described above are not limited to the oxidizing gas supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell 140, but are similarly applied to the fuel gas (hydrogen gas etc.) supplied to the anode side of the fuel cell 140. Is possible.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the supply oxidizing gas temperature which concerns on the same embodiment, and the humidification amount of supply oxidizing gas. It is a flowchart which shows the humidification control process which concerns on the same embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Fuel cell system, 110 ... Compressor, 120 ... Humidifier, 121 ... Water vapor exchange membrane, 130 ... Cooling mechanism, 140 ... Fuel cell, 141 ... Fuel gas chamber 142 ... oxidizing gas chamber, 150 ... ECU, 160 ... bypass valve, 10 ... supply oxidant gas channel, 11 ... oxidant off-gas channel, 12 ... purge channel, 21 , 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 ... temperature sensors, 22 ... flow rate sensors, 20 ... current sensors.

Claims (6)

A humidifier that humidifies the supply gas supplied to the fuel cell using off-gas discharged from the fuel cell;
Measuring means for measuring a supply gas temperature after passing through the humidifier or an off-gas temperature after passing through the humidifier;
Detection means for detecting a value of at least one parameter among a supply gas flow rate, a humidifier temperature, a supply gas introduction temperature to the humidifier, an off-gas introduction temperature to the humidifier, and a load current of the fuel cell;
Control means for controlling the humidification amount of the supply gas based on the value of the detected parameter and the supply gas temperature after passing through the humidifier or the off-gas temperature after passing through the humidifier ;
The humidifier humidifies the supply gas by exchanging water between the off-gas and the supply gas through a permeable membrane,
The control means includes
Determining means for determining a target temperature range of the supply gas after passing through the humidifier or a target temperature range of the off gas after passing through the humidifier, from the humidification request amount of the supply gas;
The flow rate of the off gas introduced into the humidifier is adjusted so that the supply gas temperature or the off gas temperature measured by the measuring means is within the determined target temperature range of the supply gas or the target temperature range of the off gas. fuel cell humidifier, characterized in that it comprises an adjustment means for. When the supply gas temperature or the previous off-gas temperature measured by the measurement means is lower than the determined target temperature range of the supply gas or the target temperature range of the off-gas, the adjusting means supplies the humidifier to the humidifier. While adjusting to increase the flow rate of the off gas to be introduced, if the temperature exceeds the determined target temperature range of the supply gas or the target temperature range of the off gas, an adjustment to reduce the flow rate of the off gas to be introduced to the humidifier is performed. The humidifying device for a fuel cell according to claim 1 . A bypass passage for bypassing the humidifier for off-gas discharged from the fuel cell, and a bypass valve for adjusting a bypass amount of the off-gas provided on the bypass passage;
The said adjustment means adjusts the flow volume of the off gas introduce | transduced into the said humidifier by controlling at least any one of the on-off time of the said bypass valve, and valve opening degree, The Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. The humidifier for fuel cells as described. The off-gas is oxidizing off gas discharged from the cathode side of the fuel cell, the feed gas, more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supply oxidizing gas supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell A humidifier for a fuel cell according to claim 1. A humidifier that humidifies the supply gas supplied to the fuel cell using off-gas discharged from the fuel cell;
Measuring means for measuring a supply gas temperature after passing through the humidifier or an off-gas temperature after passing through the humidifier;
Detection means for detecting a value of at least one parameter among a supply gas flow rate, a humidifier temperature, a supply gas introduction temperature to the humidifier, an off-gas introduction temperature to the humidifier, and a load current of the fuel cell;
Control means for controlling the humidification amount of the supply gas based on the value of the detected parameter and the supply gas temperature after passing through the humidifier or the off-gas temperature after passing through the humidifier;
The humidifier humidifies the supply gas by exchanging water between the off-gas and the supply gas through a permeable membrane,
The control means includes
Determining means for determining a target temperature of the supply gas after passing through the humidifier or a target temperature of the off- gas after passing through the humidifier, from the humidification request amount of the supply gas ;
Adjustment for adjusting the flow rate of the off-gas introduced into the humidifier so that the supply gas temperature or the off-gas temperature measured by the measurement means falls within the determined target temperature of the supply gas or the target temperature of the off-gas And a fuel cell humidifier. The adjustment means introduces the supply gas temperature or the first off-gas temperature measured by the measurement means to the humidifier when the supply gas temperature or the off-gas target temperature is lower than the determined target temperature of the supply gas. While adjusting to increase the flow rate of off gas, if the determined target temperature of the supply gas or the target temperature of the off gas exceeds the determined target temperature , adjustment is performed to reduce the flow rate of off gas introduced into the humidifier. The fuel cell humidifier according to claim 5 .

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