JP3984484B2 - Shredder dust melting method - Google Patents

Shredder dust melting method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3984484B2
JP3984484B2 JP2002045386A JP2002045386A JP3984484B2 JP 3984484 B2 JP3984484 B2 JP 3984484B2 JP 2002045386 A JP2002045386 A JP 2002045386A JP 2002045386 A JP2002045386 A JP 2002045386A JP 3984484 B2 JP3984484 B2 JP 3984484B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
furnace
shredder dust
tuyere
stock line
shaft
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JP2002045386A
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JP2003247708A (en
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和浩 栗林
也寸彦 加藤
秀治 芝池
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車や家庭電化製品の廃棄物の解体処理時に発生するシュレッダーダストをシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉にて処理するシュレッダーダストの溶融処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年の急速な自動車や家庭電化製品の普及に伴い、廃棄される数量も急激に増加しているため、これらを解体処理した際に発生するシュレッダーダストの発生量も急増している。
【0003】
当初、これらシュレッダーダストは、埋め立て処理されていたが、埋め立て処分場が逼迫するとともに、重金属が溶出するという問題点が生じてきた。そこで、その対策として、これらシュレッダーダストを焼却して減容化しようとする方法が提案されてきた。ところが、このシュレッダーダストの性状は、表1に示すように灰分がかなり含まれている。
【0004】
【表1】

Figure 0003984484
この灰分の中には、スラグ、金属類が数mm以下の細粉状になっているため、単に焼却した場合には多量の焼却灰が残り、その灰の処分場の確保という問題点が残る。
【0005】
この点に関する解決策として、例えば、特開平6−129618号公報にはシュレッダーダストをシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉で溶融処理する方法が開示されている。この方法では、シャフト式ガス化溶融炉内に装入されたシュレッダーダストは、可燃分はガス化され、灰分は炉下部で燃焼溶融され、溶融スラグ及び溶融金属として排出され、土木用資材、コンクリート用骨材及び金属として再資源化される。
【0006】
前記溶融炉方式は、図5に示すシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉1の炉頂から、コークス、石灰石等の副原料及び廃棄物を装入する。シャフト部2の上部で廃棄物は水分を失い乾燥する。ここを乾燥帯と称する。次いで、シャフト部2の下部から朝顔部3は可燃性物質を熱分解する熱分解帯となる。その下方には熱分解後の残渣が多く存在し、下段羽口4から供給される空気及び酸素により、落下してくるコークスと共に燃焼する。ここを燃焼溶融帯と呼び、溶解したスラグ及び金属は出湯口6から排出される。
【0007】
前記の溶融処理において、炉内に装入された廃棄物の乾燥が十分に行われていないと、水分の多い廃棄物が燃焼溶融帯に入り、そこの温度を低下させることになる。即ち、スラグ溶融反応を起こさせる場所の温度が高温にならないと、相対的に酸化性となり、鉄分が酸化し、スラグが耐火物を損傷し易い成分となる。また、スラグの固着などで操業が不安定となる。
【0008】
従って、従来から図5に示すように朝顔部近傍に上段羽口5を設け、この部分に存在している粉状の炭化物を部分燃焼させて可燃ガスを発生し、該ガスとの熱交換で被処理物の乾燥を促進している。その際、上段羽口5は、充填層の表層ラインであるストックライン(SL)から下段羽口4までの高さ(充填層全体の高さ)約50%の距離L程度である。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前述したように、溶融炉の上段羽口は、もっぱら被処理物の乾燥が主目的である。従って、炉内の温度分布は、炉床部の燃焼溶融帯の温度が約1800℃、朝顔部の熱分解帯の温度が約1000℃であるが、シャフト部上部、即ち、乾燥帯上方の炉内雰囲気温度は、約300〜500℃程度である。
【0010】
ところで、シュレッダーダストの性状は、表1に示すように合成樹脂、ゴム及び皮革が50%以上含まれており、プラスチック系材料が主体である。これら性状のシュレッダーダストを乾留すると、乾留生成物の発生割合は、図6に示すように、都市ごみに比べ、水分・乾留水の発生割合が減少し、熱分解残渣及びタール分の発生割合が大幅に増加する。
【0011】
図3にポリエチレンの乾留を例に雰囲気温度を変化させた場合の乾留生成物の発生割合を示す。雰囲気温度により乾留生成物の発生割合が異なり、タール分の場合、約500℃で約80〜90%占めるのに対し、約600℃では約60%程度まで発生割合が低下する。
【0012】
従って、これらシュレッダーダストを何の考慮もせずに廃棄物溶融炉に装入すると、従来の乾燥帯上方の雰囲気温度は約300〜500℃なのでタール分の発生割合が高くなり、発生したタール分は固液状化し乾燥帯の上方に滞留し、シュレッダーダストや炉壁に付着して通気抵抗層となる結果、操業が不安定になる。また、ガス管内にタール分が付着してガス管を閉塞させるという問題も発生する。
【0013】
そこで、本発明は、シュレッダーダストの溶融処理において、シュレッダーダストを乾留することにより発生するタール分の滞留を防止して安定操業することができるシュレッダーダストの溶融処理方法を提供するものである。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、シャフト部の下方に下段羽口を、前記下段羽口の上方に上段羽ロを設け、前記下段と上段の両羽口から空気または酸素を吹き込むシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉内でシュレッダーダストを処理する方法において、シャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉内でシュレッダーダストのストックライン上方の炉内雰囲気温度が550〜650℃になるようにシュレッダーダストのストックラインに近接し、且つストックラインを超えない位置に存在する前記上段羽口から炉内の被処理物充填層内に空気又は酸素を吹き込んで、シュレッダーダストを乾留し、タール分をガス化して乾燥帯上方へのタール分の滞留を防止することを特徴とする。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明では、これらシュレッダーダストを乾留することにより発生するタール分の滞留を防止するために、ストックライン近傍の雰囲気温度が550〜650℃になるように操業する。550℃未満では、タール分の発生が多くなり通気抵抗層が形成されて操業が不安定となる。また、650℃を超える場合は、発生したガスの燃焼量が必要以上に増加して、溶融炉から排出される可燃性ガスを2次燃焼室にて燃焼してエネルギーとして回収したり、コークス炉ガスと混合して有効活用す際にカロリーが減少し利用価値が低下する。
【0017】
また、ストックライン近傍の雰囲気温度を550〜650℃にするには炉内の被処理物充填層内に空気又は酸素を吹き込む上段羽口の位置をできるだけストックラインに近接する必要がある。具体的には、上段羽口は、ストックラインから下方の位置で充填層全体の高さの0〜30%の距離(図1のL)に位置するようにする。その際、上段羽口の設置位置がストックラインを超えないようにしたのは、ストックラインを超えると発生ガスが燃焼してしまい、発生ガスのカロリーが減少して再利用価値が低減するからである。
【0018】
また、図1にあっては上段羽口をストックラインからLの距離に設置しているが、予め炉体の上下方向に複数の上段羽口を設置し、しかして操業に際してはストックラインからLの距離内に位置する上段羽口を選定して空気又は酸素を吹き込むようにしてもよい。
【0019】
【実施例】
図1は本発明のシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉の断面図である。本実施例では図5に示す従来のシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉の上段羽口5をシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉内のシュレッダーダストのストックラインSLに近接し、且つ、ストックラインSLを越えない位置に存在する上段羽口5から、炉内の被処理物充填層内に空気又は酸素を吹き込むものである。
【0020】
図2はシャフト高さ方向の炉内雰囲気温度を示し、(a)は本発明の炉内雰囲気温度、(b)は従来法の炉内雰囲気温度を示す図である。
【0021】
図2(a)に示すように、本発明ではシャフト高さ3m近傍の温度が約600℃に維持されるために、タール分のガス化が促進される。図2(b)に示すように従来例では温度が上昇しないためにタール分のガス化が促進されないので、シュレッダーダストや炉内に付着し、通気抵抗層となり操業が不安定となる。
【0022】
図4(a)はストックラインから上段羽口の距離(廃棄物のシャフト炉充填層全体の高さに対する百分率)について本発明と従来法の比較を表す図、(b)は雰囲気温度について本発明と従来法の比較を表す図、(c)は本発明と従来法の通気抵抗の比較を表す図である。
【0023】
図4(a)に示すように、シュレッダーダストのストックラインを上段羽口近傍になるようにし、図4(b)に示すように、シュレッダーダストのストックライン近傍の上段羽口上部の雰囲気温度を550℃〜650℃に維持するようにして操業した。
【0024】
従来例では、図4(a)に示すように、シュレッダーダストのストックラインが上段羽口より約50%の距離(L)に位置し、図4(b)に示すように、シュレッダーダストのストックラインの雰囲気温度が350℃〜400℃に維持して操業した。
【0025】
その結果、図4(c)に示されるとおり、本発明においては、タール分が分解されるので、通気抵抗は従来法に較べて少なく、タール分の付着を低減させることができ、安定した操業が可能となった。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、タール分を550℃〜650℃でガス化するため、タール分の付着がなくなり通気抵抗が低減するので安定操業が可能となる。
【0027】
また、発生ガスのカロリーを低減させることなく、後流の2次燃焼室で熱回収が可能となり、また、コークス炉ガスと混合して再利用することも可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉の断面図である。
【図2】シャフト高さ方向の炉内雰囲気温度を示し、(a)は本発明方法の炉内雰囲気温度、(b)は従来の炉内雰囲気温度を示す図である。
【図3】ポリエチレンの乾留を例に雰囲気温度を変化させた場合の乾留生成物の発生割合を示す図である。
【図4】(a)はストックラインから上段羽口の距離を表す図、(b)は雰囲気温度の比較を表す図、(c)は本発明と従来法の通気抵抗の比較を表す図である。
【図5】従来のシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉の断面図である。
【図6】都市ごみとシュレダーダストの乾留生成物の割合を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:シャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉 2:シャフト部 3:朝顔部 4:下段羽口 5:上段羽口 SL:ストックライン 6:出湯口[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shredder dust melting method for processing shredder dust generated during dismantling processing of automobile and household appliance waste in a shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Along with the rapid spread of automobiles and home appliances in recent years, the quantity to be discarded has also increased rapidly, and the amount of shredder dust generated when these are dismantled has also increased rapidly.
[0003]
Initially, these shredder dusts were disposed of in landfills, but there were problems that the landfill site was tightened and heavy metals eluted. Therefore, as a countermeasure, a method for incinerating these shredder dusts to reduce the volume has been proposed. However, the properties of the shredder dust contain a considerable amount of ash as shown in Table 1.
[0004]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003984484
In this ash, slag and metals are in the form of fine powder of several millimeters or less, so if incinerated simply, a large amount of incinerated ash remains, and the problem of securing a disposal site for the ash remains .
[0005]
As a solution regarding this point, for example, JP-A-6-129618 discloses a method of melting shredder dust in a shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace. In this method, the shredder dust charged in the shaft type gasification melting furnace is gasified in combustible, ash is burned and melted in the lower part of the furnace, and discharged as molten slag and molten metal. Recycled as aggregate and metal.
[0006]
In the melting furnace method, auxiliary materials such as coke and limestone and waste are charged from the top of the shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace 1 shown in FIG. In the upper part of the shaft part 2, the waste material loses moisture and dries. This is called a dry zone. Next, the morning glory part 3 from the lower part of the shaft part 2 becomes a pyrolysis zone for pyrolyzing the combustible substance. Below that, there is a large amount of residue after pyrolysis, and it burns with the falling coke by the air and oxygen supplied from the lower tuyere 4. This is called a combustion melting zone, and the dissolved slag and metal are discharged from the tap 6.
[0007]
In the melting process, if the waste charged in the furnace is not sufficiently dried, the waste having a lot of moisture enters the combustion melting zone and lowers the temperature there. That is, if the temperature of the place where the slag melting reaction is caused does not become high, it becomes relatively oxidizing, iron is oxidized, and slag becomes a component that easily damages the refractory. Also, the operation becomes unstable due to slag sticking.
[0008]
Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, the upper tuyere 5 is provided in the vicinity of the morning glory part, and the combustible gas is generated by partially burning the powdered carbide present in this part, and heat exchange with the gas is performed. It promotes drying of the workpiece. At that time, the upper tuyere 5 has a distance L 1 of about 50% from the stock line (SL), which is the surface layer line of the packed bed, to the lower tuyere 4 (height of the entire packed bed).
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the main purpose of the upper tuyere of the melting furnace is mainly to dry the workpiece. Accordingly, the temperature distribution in the furnace is such that the temperature of the combustion melting zone in the hearth is about 1800 ° C. and the temperature of the pyrolysis zone in the morning glory is about 1000 ° C., but the furnace at the upper part of the shaft, that is, above the drying zone. The inner atmosphere temperature is about 300 to 500 ° C.
[0010]
By the way, the properties of the shredder dust include 50% or more of synthetic resin, rubber and leather as shown in Table 1, and are mainly plastic materials. When carbonization of these properties of shredder dust, as shown in Fig. 6, the rate of generation of dry distillation products is less than that of municipal waste, the rate of generation of moisture and dry distilled water, and the rate of generation of pyrolysis residue and tar content. Increase significantly.
[0011]
FIG. 3 shows the generation ratio of dry distillation products when the atmospheric temperature is changed by taking polyethylene dry distillation as an example. The generation ratio of the dry distillation product varies depending on the atmospheric temperature. In the case of the tar component, the generation ratio decreases to about 60% at about 600 ° C., whereas the generation ratio decreases to about 60% at about 500 ° C.
[0012]
Therefore, when these shredder dusts are charged into a waste melting furnace without taking any consideration into consideration, the atmospheric temperature above the conventional drying zone is about 300 to 500 ° C., so the rate of tar content is high, and the generated tar content is As a result of becoming a solid liquid and staying above the drying zone and adhering to the shredder dust and the furnace wall to form a ventilation resistance layer, the operation becomes unstable. There is also a problem that the tar content adheres to the gas pipe and closes the gas pipe.
[0013]
Therefore, the present invention provides a shredding dust melting method that can stably operate by preventing retention of tar generated by dry distillation of the shredder dust in the melting processing of the shredder dust.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace in which the lower tuyere is provided below the shaft portion, the upper tuyere is provided above the lower tuyere, and air or oxygen is blown from both the lower tuyeres and the upper tuyere. In the method of treating shredder dust, in the shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace, close to the shredder dust stock line so that the furnace atmosphere temperature above the shredder dust stock line is 550 to 650 ° C. Air or oxygen is blown from the upper tuyere present at a position that does not exceed into the treatment object packed bed in the furnace, the shredder dust is dry distilled, the tar content is gasified, and the tar content stays above the drying zone. It is characterized by preventing.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, in order to prevent the tar content generated by dry distillation of the shredder dust, the operation is performed so that the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the stock line becomes 550 to 650 ° C. If it is less than 550 degreeC, generation | occurrence | production of a tar part will increase and a ventilation resistance layer will be formed and operation will become unstable. When the temperature exceeds 650 ° C., the amount of generated gas increases more than necessary, and the combustible gas discharged from the melting furnace is burned in the secondary combustion chamber and recovered as energy, or the coke oven. When effectively mixed with gas, calories are reduced and utility value is reduced.
[0017]
In order to set the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the stock line to 550 to 650 ° C., the position of the upper tuyere where air or oxygen is blown into the workpiece packed bed in the furnace needs to be as close to the stock line as possible. Specifically, the upper tuyere is positioned at a distance (L 2 in FIG. 1) of 0 to 30% of the height of the entire packed bed at a position below the stock line. At that time, the installation position of the upper tuyere did not exceed the stock line because the generated gas burned when it exceeded the stock line, the calorie of the generated gas decreased, and the reuse value decreased. is there.
[0018]
In FIG. 1, the upper tuyere is installed at a distance of L 2 from the stock line. However, a plurality of upper tuyere are installed in advance in the vertical direction of the furnace body. the upper tuyeres located within a distance of L 2 may be blown air or oxygen selected.
[0019]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the upper tuyere 5 of the conventional shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace shown in FIG. 5 is close to the shredder dust stock line SL in the shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace and does not exceed the stock line SL. Air or oxygen is blown from the upper tuyere 5 present at the position into the workpiece packed bed in the furnace.
[0020]
FIG. 2 shows the furnace atmosphere temperature in the shaft height direction, (a) shows the furnace atmosphere temperature of the present invention, and (b) shows the furnace temperature in the conventional method.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 2A, in the present invention, since the temperature in the vicinity of the shaft height of 3 m is maintained at about 600 ° C., gasification of tar is promoted. As shown in FIG. 2B, since the temperature does not increase in the conventional example and gasification of tar is not promoted, it adheres to the shredder dust and the furnace, becomes a ventilation resistance layer, and operation becomes unstable.
[0022]
FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a comparison between the present invention and the conventional method with respect to the distance from the stock line to the upper tuyere (percentage of the waste in the entire shaft furnace packed bed), and FIG. (C) is a figure showing the comparison of the ventilation resistance of this invention and a conventional method.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the shredder dust stock line is located near the upper tuyere, and as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the ambient temperature above the upper tuyere near the shredder dust stock line is adjusted. The operation was performed while maintaining the temperature at 550 ° C to 650 ° C.
[0024]
In the conventional example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the shredder dust stock line is located at a distance (L 1 ) of about 50% from the upper tuyere, and as shown in FIG. The stock line was operated at an atmospheric temperature of 350 ° C. to 400 ° C.
[0025]
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), in the present invention, the tar content is decomposed, so that the airflow resistance is smaller than that of the conventional method, the adhesion of the tar content can be reduced, and stable operation is achieved. Became possible.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the tar content is gasified at 550 ° C. to 650 ° C., the tar content does not adhere and the ventilation resistance is reduced, so that stable operation is possible.
[0027]
Further, heat can be recovered in the downstream secondary combustion chamber without reducing the calories of the generated gas, and can be reused by mixing with coke oven gas.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the furnace atmosphere temperature in the shaft height direction, (a) shows the furnace atmosphere temperature of the method of the present invention, and (b) shows the conventional furnace atmosphere temperature.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the rate of generation of dry distillation products when the atmospheric temperature is changed by taking polyethylene dry distillation as an example.
4A is a diagram showing the distance from the stock line to the upper tuyere, FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a comparison of the atmospheric temperature, and FIG. 4C is a diagram showing a comparison of the ventilation resistance between the present invention and the conventional method. is there.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ratio of the carbonized product of municipal waste and shredder dust.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace 2: Shaft part 3: Morning glory part 4: Lower tuyere 5: Upper tuyere SL: Stock line 6: Outlet

Claims (1)

シャフト部の下方に下段羽口を、前記下段羽口の上方に上段羽ロを設け、前記下段と上段の両羽口から空気または酸素を吹き込むシャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉内でシュレッダーダストを処理する方法において、
シャフト炉式ガス化溶融炉内でシュレッダーダストのストックライン上方の炉内雰囲気温度が550〜650℃になるようにシュレッダーダストのストックラインに近接し、且つストックラインを超えない位置に存在する前記上段羽口から炉内の被処理物充填層内に空気又は酸素を吹き込んで、シュレッダーダストを乾留し、タール分をガス化して乾燥帯上方へのタール分の滞留を防止することを特徴とするシュレッダーダストの溶融処理方法。
A lower tuyere is provided below the shaft part, and an upper tuyere is provided above the lower tuyere, and shredder dust is processed in a shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace in which air or oxygen is blown from both the lower tuyeres and the upper tuyere. In the way to
In the shaft furnace type gasification melting furnace, the upper stage which is close to the shredder dust stock line and does not exceed the stock line so that the furnace atmosphere temperature above the shredder dust stock line is 550 to 650 ° C. A shredder characterized in that air or oxygen is blown from the tuyere into the packed bed in the furnace to dry-shresh the shredder dust and gasify the tar to prevent the tar from staying above the drying zone. Dust melting method.
JP2002045386A 2002-02-21 2002-02-21 Shredder dust melting method Expired - Fee Related JP3984484B2 (en)

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