JP3982764B2 - Methane fermentation equipment for garbage - Google Patents

Methane fermentation equipment for garbage Download PDF

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JP3982764B2
JP3982764B2 JP2004345530A JP2004345530A JP3982764B2 JP 3982764 B2 JP3982764 B2 JP 3982764B2 JP 2004345530 A JP2004345530 A JP 2004345530A JP 2004345530 A JP2004345530 A JP 2004345530A JP 3982764 B2 JP3982764 B2 JP 3982764B2
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methane fermentation
tank
garbage
methane
temperature
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JP2006150252A (en
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治昌 平井
泰志 藤田
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Description

本発明は、生ゴミをメタン発酵させる鋼板製のメタン発酵槽を、メタン菌が死滅しないように槽内部の温度を一定に保持することができる生ゴミ用メタン発酵装置に関するものである。   [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a methane fermentation apparatus for raw garbage that can maintain a constant temperature inside a methane fermentation tank made of steel plate for methane fermentation of raw garbage so that methane bacteria do not die.

従来から、下水消化設備としてメタン菌の発酵作用を利用して処理するメタン発酵装置が知られている。このような設備は、特許文献１に示されるように、メタン発酵槽において下水汚泥をメタン発酵させてバイオガスを発生させ、このバイオガスをガスホルダへ供給して貯蔵し、発電設備等の各種ガス利用機器に供給するように構成されている。この場合、下水汚泥をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽は、容積が数百〜数千トンと大きく、また下水の滞留時間も約１ケ月と長いため、コンクリートで形成した大規模な設備が用いられているのが普通である。
一方、メタン発酵に寄与するメタン菌は中温消化の場合に活動範囲が３６〜３８℃であり、夏場はメタン発酵槽の容積が大きいため３８℃以上になることはないが、冬場は温度が３６℃以下になる可能性があるためヒータ等の加熱手段を備えているのが普通である。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a methane fermentation apparatus for processing using a fermentation action of methane bacteria as a sewage digestion facility is known. Such a facility, as shown in Patent Document 1, generates biogas by methane fermentation of sewage sludge in a methane fermentation tank, supplies this biogas to a gas holder and stores it, and various gases such as power generation facilities It is comprised so that it may supply to utilization equipment. In this case, the methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of sewage sludge has a large capacity of several hundred to several thousand tons and the residence time of sewage is as long as about one month, so a large-scale facility made of concrete is used. It is normal.
On the other hand, methane bacteria that contribute to methane fermentation have an activity range of 36-38 ° C. in the case of intermediate-temperature digestion, and in summer, the volume of the methane fermenter is large, so it does not exceed 38 ° C., but in winter the temperature is 36 Since there is a possibility of lowering the temperature, the heating means such as a heater is usually provided.

これに対して、生ゴミをメタン発酵させる場合は、発酵槽の容積は数十〜数百トンと小さく、また消化汚泥の滞留時間も約１〜２週間と短いため、鋼板で形成した比較的小規模の設備を用いればよい。しかしながら、鋼板製のメタン発酵槽の場合は槽表面の熱伝導が大きいため、特に夏場の炎天下等では槽内部の温度が３８℃以上に上昇しメタン菌が死滅してしまうおそれがあるという問題点があり、また単純に冷却装置を付加するのでは効率が悪いうえ処理コストも高くなるという問題点があった。
特開平１１−３３３４１６号公報 On the other hand, when the raw garbage is subjected to methane fermentation, the volume of the fermenter is as small as several tens to several hundred tons, and the residence time of digested sludge is as short as about 1 to 2 weeks. Small-scale equipment may be used. However, in the case of a steel plate-made methane fermentation tank, since the heat transfer on the tank surface is large, there is a possibility that the temperature inside the tank rises to 38 ° C. or more and the methane bacteria may be killed particularly in the summertime. In addition, there is a problem that simply adding a cooling device results in poor efficiency and high processing costs.
JP-A-11-333416

本発明は上記のような問題点を解決して、比較的小規模の生ゴミをメタン発酵させる鋼板製のメタン発酵槽を、メタン菌が死滅しないように槽内部の温度を一定に保持することができ、しかも槽内部の温度制御をメタン発酵で得られたバイオガスの有効利用により効率良く、かつ低コストで行うことができる生ゴミ用メタン発酵装置を提供することを目的として完成されたものである。   The present invention solves the above problems, and maintains a constant temperature inside the methane fermentation tank made of steel plate for methane fermentation of relatively small-scale raw garbage so that methane bacteria do not die. It was completed for the purpose of providing a methane fermentation apparatus for garbage that can be controlled efficiently by using the biogas obtained by methane fermentation at a low cost. It is.

上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の生ゴミ用メタン発酵装置は、生ゴミをメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽に、槽内部の温度を一定にする冷却機能付きの温度制御手段を設けるとともに、この温度制御手段を、メタン発酵で得られたバイオガスを利用して稼動する熱機関の余熱を用いてメタン発酵槽を加温・冷却するように制御するものとした生ゴミ用メタン発酵装置であって、前記熱機関として温水ボイラと吸収冷凍機を用い、温水ボイラで製造した温水と吸収冷凍機で製造した冷水を用いてメタン発酵槽を加温・冷却するようにしたことを特徴とするものである。 The methane fermentation apparatus for garbage of the present invention made to solve the above problems is provided with a temperature control means with a cooling function for making the temperature inside the tank constant in a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of garbage , This temperature control means is a methane fermentation apparatus for garbage that controls the methane fermentation tank to be heated and cooled using the residual heat of the heat engine that operates using biogas obtained by methane fermentation. In addition, a hot water boiler and an absorption refrigerator are used as the heat engine, and the methane fermentation tank is heated and cooled using hot water manufactured by the hot water boiler and cold water manufactured by the absorption refrigerator. Is.

本発明は、生ゴミをメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽に、槽内部の温度を一定にする冷却機能付きの温度制御手段を設けた構造としたので、外気温が変化しても常に槽内部の温度を一定にすることができ、特に冷却機能により夏場のメタン菌の死滅を防止することができる。また、温度制御をメタン発酵で得られたバイオガスの有効利用によって行えば効率良く、かつ低コストで行うことができる。   Since the present invention has a structure in which a temperature control means with a cooling function for making the temperature inside the tank constant is provided in the methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of garbage, the temperature inside the tank is always changed even if the outside air temperature changes. In particular, the cooling function can prevent the death of methane bacteria in summer. Moreover, if temperature control is performed by the effective use of the biogas obtained by methane fermentation, it can be performed efficiently and at low cost.

以下に、図面を参照しつつ本発明の好ましい形態を示す。
図面は、生ゴミをメタン発酵させて得られたバイオガスをガス利用機器に供給する場合を示すものである。
図１において、１は苛性ソーダ等のアルカリ供給用のタンク、２は生ゴミとアルカリと水を混合してスラリを製造する混合槽、３はスラリの供給ポンプ、４はメタン発酵槽、５は消化汚泥の循環ポンプ、６は脱硫装置、７はメタン発酵槽４で発生したバイオガスを貯蔵するガスホルダであり、このガスホルダ７からバイオガスを発電設備や燃料電池等のガス利用機器８に供給するよう構成されている。なお、メタン発酵槽４は容積が数百トン以下の比較的小規模の設備であり、鋼板で形成されている。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The drawing shows a case where biogas obtained by subjecting raw garbage to methane fermentation is supplied to a gas utilization device.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a tank for supplying alkali such as caustic soda, 2 is a mixing tank for producing slurry by mixing raw garbage, alkali and water, 3 is a slurry supply pump, 4 is a methane fermentation tank, and 5 is digestion A sludge circulation pump, 6 is a desulfurization device, and 7 is a gas holder for storing biogas generated in the methane fermentation tank 4. The biogas is supplied from the gas holder 7 to gas utilization equipment 8 such as a power generation facility and a fuel cell. It is configured. The methane fermentation tank 4 is a relatively small-scale facility having a volume of several hundred tons or less, and is formed of a steel plate.

本発明では、生ゴミをメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽４に、槽内部の温度を一定にする冷却機能付きの温度制御手段２０が設けられている。
図１において、９はメタン発酵槽４の循環ラインに設けられた熱交換器であり、熱機関１０（例えば、温水ボイラ１０ａや吸収冷凍機１０ｂや吸収冷温水機１０ｃ等）を利用して温度調整を行うよう構成されている。この温度制御手段２０は、メタン発酵で得られたバイオガスを利用して稼動する熱機関１０の余熱（冷水または温水）を用いてメタン発酵槽４を加温・冷却するように制御するものであり、これによりバイオガスの有効利用を図りつつ、効率的かつ低コストでメタン発酵槽４の温度コントロールが可能となる。 In this invention, the temperature control means 20 with the cooling function which makes the temperature inside a tank constant is provided in the methane fermentation tank 4 which carries out methane fermentation of garbage.
In FIG. 1, 9 is a heat exchanger provided in the circulation line of the methane fermentation tank 4, and temperature is utilized using the heat engine 10 (for example, the hot water boiler 10a, the absorption refrigerator 10b, the absorption cold / hot water machine 10c, etc.). It is configured to make adjustments. The temperature control means 20 controls the methane fermentation tank 4 to be heated and cooled using the residual heat (cold water or hot water) of the heat engine 10 that operates using the biogas obtained by methane fermentation. With this, it is possible to control the temperature of the methane fermentation tank 4 efficiently and at low cost while effectively utilizing biogas.

図示のものでは、温度制御手段２０は熱交換器９を経る前の消化汚泥の温度を測定する温度計２１ａと、この温度計２１ａの測定値に基き熱機関１０の余熱を熱交換器９へ供給するように信号を出力するコントローラ２２ａ、および熱交換器９を経た後の消化汚泥の温度を測定する温度計２１ｂと、この温度計２１ｂの測定値に基き熱機関１０の余熱を熱交換器９へ供給するように信号を出力するコントローラ２２ｂから構成されている。   In the illustrated one, the temperature control means 20 measures the temperature of the digested sludge before passing through the heat exchanger 9, and the residual heat of the heat engine 10 is transferred to the heat exchanger 9 based on the measured value of the thermometer 21a. A controller 22a that outputs a signal so as to supply, a thermometer 21b that measures the temperature of the digested sludge after passing through the heat exchanger 9, and a heat exchanger that converts the residual heat of the heat engine 10 based on the measured value of the thermometer 21b 9 includes a controller 22b that outputs a signal to be supplied to the controller 9.

図２は、その他の例を示すもので、熱機関１０として温水ボイラ１０ａと吸収冷凍機１０ｂを用いることにより、温水ボイラ１０ａで製造した温水と吸収冷凍機１０ｂで製造した冷水を用いてメタン発酵槽４を加温・冷却するように構成されている。   FIG. 2 shows another example. By using a hot water boiler 10a and an absorption refrigerator 10b as the heat engine 10, methane fermentation using hot water manufactured by the hot water boiler 10a and cold water manufactured by the absorption refrigerator 10b. It is comprised so that the tank 4 may be heated and cooled.

また図３も、その他の例を示すもので、熱機関１０として吸収冷温水器１０ｃを用いることにより、この吸収冷温水器１０ｃで製造した温水と冷水を用いてメタン発酵槽４を加温・冷却するように構成されている。   FIG. 3 also shows another example. By using an absorption chiller / heater 10c as the heat engine 10, the methane fermentation tank 4 is heated and heated using the hot water and cold water produced by the absorption chiller / heater 10c. It is configured to cool.

本発明の装置によれば、混合槽２で生ゴミとアルカリと水を混合してスラリを製造し、このスラリをメタン発酵槽４で発酵処理してバイオガス（おおよそＣＨ４：６０vol％、ＣＯ２：４０vol％）が得られる。得られたバイオガスは脱硫装置６で脱硫処理後、ガスホルダ７へ導かれて貯蔵され、その後、ガス利用機器８へ供給されるが、以上の点は従来の生ゴミ等を利用したメタン発酵装置と基本的には同じである。 According to the apparatus of the present invention, raw garbage, alkali and water are mixed in the mixing tank 2 to produce a slurry, and this slurry is fermented in the methane fermentation tank 4 to biogas (approximately CH 4 : 60 vol%, CO 2 : 40 vol%) is obtained. The obtained biogas is desulfurized by the desulfurization device 6, guided to and stored in the gas holder 7, and then supplied to the gas utilization device 8. The above points are the conventional methane fermentation apparatuses using raw garbage and the like. And basically the same.

そして本発明では、生ゴミをメタン発酵させる鋼板製のメタン発酵槽４に、槽内部の温度を一定にする温度制御手段２０が設けられた構造となっているので、槽内部の温度がメタン菌が死滅しないように常時一定（中温消化の場合に約３７℃）に保持することが可能となる。
しかも、温度制御手段２０は、メタン発酵で得られたバイオガスを利用して稼動する熱機関１０の余熱を用いてメタン発酵槽４を加温・冷却するように制御するものであるため、省エネルギー対策にも貢献し、またランニングコストも低廉なものとなる。 And in this invention, since it has the structure in which the temperature control means 20 which makes the temperature inside a tank constant was provided in the methane fermentation tank 4 made from the steel plate which ferments raw garbage in methane, the temperature inside a tank is Methane bacteria. Can always be kept constant (about 37 ° C. in the case of medium-temperature digestion) so as not to die.
Moreover, since the temperature control means 20 controls the methane fermentation tank 4 to be heated and cooled using the residual heat of the heat engine 10 that operates using the biogas obtained by methane fermentation, energy saving is achieved. It contributes to countermeasures and the running cost is low.

具体的には、熱交換器９の前後に設けた温度計２１ａ、温度計２１ｂにより消化汚泥の温度を測定し、これらの測定値に基き熱機関１０の最適量の余熱を熱交換器９へ供給して、消化汚泥温度が約３７℃となるようにコントローラ２２ａ、およびコントローラ２２ｂから信号を出力し、この信号により各ラインの弁を制御するのである。   Specifically, the temperature of digested sludge is measured by thermometers 21a and 21b provided before and after the heat exchanger 9, and the optimum amount of residual heat of the heat engine 10 is transferred to the heat exchanger 9 based on these measured values. A signal is output from the controller 22a and the controller 22b so that the digested sludge temperature is about 37 ° C., and the valve of each line is controlled by this signal.

以上の説明からも明らかなように、本発明は生ゴミをメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽４に、槽内部の温度を一定にする冷却機能付きの温度制御手段２０を設けたものとしたので、比較的小規模の生ゴミをメタン発酵する鋼板製のメタン発酵槽４を、メタン菌が死滅しないように槽内部の温度を一定に保持することができ、しかも槽内部の温度制御をメタン発酵で得られたバイオガスの有効利用により効率良く、かつ低コストで行うことができることとなる。   As is clear from the above description, the present invention is provided with the temperature control means 20 with a cooling function for making the temperature inside the tank constant in the methane fermentation tank 4 for methane fermentation of garbage. The methane fermentation tank 4 made of steel plate for methane fermentation of small-scale raw garbage can keep the temperature inside the tank constant so that methane bacteria do not die, and the temperature control inside the tank is obtained by methane fermentation. The effective use of the biogas produced can be carried out efficiently and at low cost.

本発明の実施の形態を示す全体フロー図である。It is a whole flow figure showing an embodiment of the invention. その他の例を示す全体フロー図である。It is a whole flowchart which shows another example. その他の例を示す全体フロー図である。It is a whole flowchart which shows another example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ タンク
２ 混合槽
３ 供給ポンプ
４ メタン発酵槽
５ 循環ポンプ
６ 脱硫装置
７ ガスホルダ
８ ガス利用機器
９ 熱交換器
１０ 熱機関
10a 温水ボイラ
10b 吸収冷凍機
10c 吸収冷温水機
２０ 温度制御手段
21a 温度計
21b 温度計
22a コントローラ
22b コントローラ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tank 2 Mixing tank 3 Supply pump 4 Methane fermentation tank 5 Circulation pump 6 Desulfurization apparatus 7 Gas holder 8 Gas utilization apparatus 9 Heat exchanger 10 Heat engine
10a Hot water boiler
10b absorption refrigerator
10c Absorption chiller / heater 20 Temperature control means
21a thermometer
21b thermometer
22a controller
22b controller

Claims (1)

生ゴミをメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽に、槽内部の温度を一定にする冷却機能付きの温度制御手段を設けるとともに、この温度制御手段を、メタン発酵で得られたバイオガスを利用して稼動する熱機関の余熱を用いてメタン発酵槽を加温・冷却するように制御するものとした生ゴミ用メタン発酵装置であって、前記熱機関として温水ボイラと吸収冷凍機を用い、温水ボイラで製造した温水と吸収冷凍機で製造した冷水を用いてメタン発酵槽を加温・冷却するようにしたことを特徴とする生ゴミ用メタン発酵装置。 In the methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of raw garbage, a temperature control means with a cooling function for keeping the temperature inside the tank constant is provided, and this temperature control means is operated using biogas obtained by methane fermentation. A methane fermentation apparatus for garbage that is controlled to heat and cool the methane fermentation tank using the residual heat of the heat engine, which is manufactured with a hot water boiler using a hot water boiler and an absorption refrigerator as the heat engine A methane fermentation apparatus for food waste, characterized in that the methane fermentation tank is heated and cooled using the prepared warm water and cold water produced by an absorption refrigerator .
JP2004345530A 2004-11-30 2004-11-30 Methane fermentation equipment for garbage Active JP3982764B2 (en)

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JP4519149B2 (en) * 2007-02-21 2010-08-04 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション Operation method of medium temperature methane fermentation treatment apparatus and medium temperature methane fermentation treatment apparatus
JP7555462B1 (en) 2023-09-11 2024-09-24 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション Methane fermentation treatment method and methane fermentation treatment equipment

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