JP3980022B2 - Wheel measuring device - Google Patents
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- JP3980022B2 JP3980022B2 JP2004305347A JP2004305347A JP3980022B2 JP 3980022 B2 JP3980022 B2 JP 3980022B2 JP 2004305347 A JP2004305347 A JP 2004305347A JP 2004305347 A JP2004305347 A JP 2004305347A JP 3980022 B2 JP3980022 B2 JP 3980022B2
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Description
本発明は、レール上を走行する鉄道車両の車輪の形状を測定する車輪測定装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a wheel measuring device that measures the shape of a wheel of a railway vehicle traveling on a rail.
レール上を走行する鉄道車両の車輪は、高速走行における安全性能を維持するためリム端からフランジにかけての断面形状を高精度に管理することが重要であり、形状を測定して必要であれば削正等の処置をとる必要がある。車軸、あるいは台車を車体から取り外した状態であれば車輪径を機械的に実測することが可能であるが、近年、車両基地内において車両を走行状態のままで行う削正（転削）が一般的となっていることから、車輪形状の測定も通常の走行状態のまま行うことが好ましく、特許文献１、あるいは２に記載の車輪測定装置が提案されている。 In order to maintain safety performance at high speeds, it is important to manage the cross-sectional shape from the rim end to the flange with high precision for the wheels of railcars running on rails. It is necessary to take an equal measure. While it is possible to measure the wheel diameter mechanically if the axle or carriage is removed from the vehicle body, in recent years, cutting (rolling) is generally performed while the vehicle is running in the vehicle base. Therefore, it is preferable to measure the wheel shape in a normal running state, and a wheel measuring device described in Patent Document 1 or 2 has been proposed.
特許文献１に記載の車輪測定装置の構成を図９の斜視図により簡単に説明する。１はレール、２は車輪、41は車輪の側面を照射する側面用光源、42は車輪の踏面を照射する踏面用光源、32は光電スイッチなどの受光部、51は側面用カメラ、52は踏面用カメラ、６は画像信号処理装置である。この車輪測定装置は、車輪内側側面部と車輪踏面とを照射する側面用光源41、踏面用光源42により照射された各部分を撮像する側面用カメラ51、踏面用カメラ52からの映像信号を画像信号処理装置６に入力し、車輪踏面の形状や車輪径寸法、車輪幅寸法を算出するものである。 The configuration of the wheel measuring device described in Patent Document 1 will be briefly described with reference to the perspective view of FIG. 1 is a rail, 2 is a wheel, 41 is a side light source that illuminates the side of the wheel, 42 is a light source for a tread that illuminates the tread of the wheel, 32 is a light receiving unit such as a photoelectric switch, 51 is a side camera, and 52 is a tread A camera 6 is an image signal processing device. This wheel measuring device has a side light source 41 that illuminates the wheel inner side surface and the wheel tread, a side camera 51 that images each part irradiated by the tread light source 42, and a video signal from the tread camera 52. The signal is input to the signal processing device 6 to calculate the shape of the wheel tread, the wheel diameter dimension, and the wheel width dimension.
しかしこの車輪測定装置は、車輪の断面形状を測定するための踏面用カメラ52および踏面用光源42がレール内側下部にあるため、レールあるいはフランジにさえぎられて、フランジ頂部からリム端までの連続したプロフィールを得ることができない。 However, in this wheel measuring device, since the tread camera 52 and tread light source 42 for measuring the cross-sectional shape of the wheel are in the lower part on the inner side of the rail, they are blocked by the rail or the flange and continuously from the top of the flange to the rim end. I can't get a profile.
つづいて特許文献２に記載の車輪測定装置を図１０の平面図により簡単に説明する。３は車輪２の中心が計測位置に到達したことを検出する光電センサなどの検出部、４は面状の広がりを有するビームを車輪２に向かって照射するライン照明部、５は照射ビームの反射光を画像信号として取り込むＣＣＤエリアセンサなどの画像入力部、5aはレンズ、5bは撮像面のＣＣＤである。 Next, the wheel measuring device described in Patent Document 2 will be briefly described with reference to the plan view of FIG. 3 is a detection unit such as a photoelectric sensor that detects that the center of the wheel 2 has reached the measurement position, 4 is a line illumination unit that irradiates the wheel 2 with a planar spread beam, and 5 is a reflection of the irradiation beam. An image input unit such as a CCD area sensor that captures light as an image signal, 5a is a lens, and 5b is a CCD on the imaging surface.
この車輪測定装置では、歪のない画像を得るために本来車輪踏面を直視する位置、すなわちレール上に、撮像面5bがレールと直角方向となるようにＣＣＤエリアセンサを設置したいところであるが、車輪の通過に支障となる設備限界エリア内には設置することができないから、図１０のように設備限界エリアの外側に撮像面5bがレールと直角方向となるように設置することとなり、カメラをアオリ機構を有する特殊構造としない限りカメラの視野に対して車輪の画像が小さく、高精度なプロフィールを得ることができない。
本発明は、従来の技術における前記の問題点を解消し、フランジ頂部からリム端までの連続したプロフィールをカメラの視野一杯に捕らえ、車両を停止させることなく車輪の正確なプロフィールを容易に計測することのできる車輪測定装置を実現することを目的とする。 The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, captures a continuous profile from the top of the flange to the rim end to the full field of view of the camera, and easily measures the accurate profile of the wheels without stopping the vehicle. It aims at realizing the wheel measuring device which can do.
本発明は、レール上を走行する鉄道車両の車輪の半径方向の断面プロフィールを鉄道車両を停止させることなく測定する車輪測定装置であって、前記車輪が計測位置に到達したことを検出する検出部と、この検出部からレール方向に所定の距離を隔てて、前記車輪の車軸に平行で、かつレールに直角方向の平面状に拡がりを有するラインビームを前記車輪踏面に向けて照射するライン照明部と、このライン照明部からレール方向に所定の距離を隔てて、前記車輪の外側で前記ラインビームの反射光の静止画像を１回撮影する画像入力部と、この画像入力部に取り込まれた画像を処理して車輪の半径方向の断面プロフィールに変換する画像処理部と、前記検出部により車輪が計測位置に到達したことを検出した時点で前記画像入力部を作動させその入力信号を画像処理部に送信する制御部と、前記画像処理部における処理結果を車輪毎に紐付けして表示・保存するモニタならびにデータ保存部を有する計算機部とから構成され、前記画像入力部が、車輪の踏面の全幅を視野一杯に納めるよう光軸が車輪の踏面の前記反射光の方向に正しく向いていることを特徴とする車輪測定装置であり、望ましくは前記画像入力部で入力した画像を、測定するすべての車輪が通過する間保存した後画像処理部に送信する画像保存部を有する前記の車輪測定装置である。 The present invention relates to a wheel measuring device that measures a cross-sectional profile in a radial direction of a wheel of a railway vehicle traveling on a rail without stopping the railway vehicle, and detects that the wheel has reached a measurement position. And a line illumination unit that irradiates the wheel tread with a line beam having a predetermined distance in the rail direction from the detection unit and extending in a plane shape parallel to the wheel axle and perpendicular to the rail. An image input unit that captures a single still image of the reflected light of the line beam outside the wheel at a predetermined distance in the rail direction from the line illumination unit, and an image captured by the image input unit And processing the image into a radial cross-sectional profile of the wheel, and operating the image input unit when the detection unit detects that the wheel has reached the measurement position. The image input unit is configured to include a control unit that transmits an input signal to the image processing unit, a monitor that displays and stores the processing result in the image processing unit for each wheel, and a computer unit that includes a data storage unit. The wheel measuring device is characterized in that the optical axis is correctly oriented in the direction of the reflected light of the wheel tread so that the entire width of the tread of the wheel is accommodated in the full field of view, preferably input by the image input unit The above-described wheel measuring device includes an image storage unit that stores an image that is stored while all the wheels to be measured pass through and then transmits the image to the image processing unit.
請求項１に記載の本発明によれば、機器を車輪の走行の妨げにならない位置に配置して車輪測定装置を構成することができるとともに、車両を停止させることなくかつ人手を要することなく車輪の形状を測定することができ、車輪の管理が容易となり管理精度が高まり車両運行上の安全性が向上し、また、カメラの設置が容易で、かつカメラの視野を一杯に活用して高精度な測定が可能となるという、すぐれた効果を奏する。また請求項２に記載の本発明によれば、変換作業を測定時の車両の走行と関係なく行うことができ、高度なデータ処理が可能となるという効果を奏する。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the wheel measuring device can be configured by arranging the device at a position that does not interfere with the traveling of the wheel, and the wheel is not required without stopping the vehicle and requiring manual labor. The shape of the vehicle can be measured, the wheel can be easily managed, the management accuracy is increased, the safety of vehicle operation is improved , the camera is easy to install, and the field of view of the camera is fully utilized for high accuracy Do measurement that is possible and that Do, exhibits the excellent effect. Further, according to the present invention described in claim 2, the conversion work can be performed regardless of the traveling of the vehicle at the time of measurement, and there is an effect that advanced data processing is possible .
本発明においては、スリット画像を撮影するカメラ（画像入力部）をレールの外側に設置し、斜め方向から、かつ光軸を車輪踏面に向けて撮像し、得られたスリット画像を座標変換によって半径方向のプロフィールに変換するようにしたので、画像入力部が車輪の通過に支障となることがなく、またカメラの視野をフルに利用して鮮明なプロフィールを得ることができ、車輪測定が効率化されるとともに測定精度が向上する。 In the present invention, a camera (image input unit) that captures a slit image is installed on the outside of the rail, is imaged from an oblique direction and with the optical axis directed toward the wheel tread, and the obtained slit image is radiused by coordinate conversion. Since it is converted to a directional profile, the image input unit does not interfere with the passage of the wheel, and a clear profile can be obtained by making full use of the camera's field of view, making wheel measurement more efficient Measurement accuracy is improved.
本発明実施例を図面により詳細に説明する。図１は実施例の車輪測定装置の構成を示すブロック図で、１はレール、２は車輪、３はこの車輪が計測位置に到達したことを検出する光電センサなどの検出部、４は検出部３からレール方向に所定の距離を隔てて、前記車輪２の車軸に平行で、かつレール１に直角方向の平面状に拡がりを有する（以下「面状の」という）ラインビームを前記車輪２に向けて照射するライン照明部、５はこのライン照明部４からレール方向に所定の距離を隔てて、前記車輪２の外側で前記ラインビームの反射光の画像を撮影するＣＣＤエリアセンサなどの画像入力部、６はこの画像入力部５に取り込まれた画像を処理して車輪の半径方向の断面プロフィールに変換する画像処理部、61は追って説明する画像保存部、７は前記検出部３により車輪２が計測位置に到達したことを検出した時点で前記画像入力部５を作動させその入力信号を画像処理部６に送信する制御部、８は前記画像処理部６における処理結果を車輪毎に紐付けして表示するモニタ81、処理結果を保存するハードディスクなどのデータ保存部（図示せず）、各種計算を行うパソコン本体82、検査モード設定やパラメータ設定を行うキーボード83などを有する計算機部である。計算機部８は測定現場に設置する必要はなく、別室に設置して有線、あるいは無線の通信回線を介して制御部７を制御したり、画像処理部６からのデータを受信するようにすればよい。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wheel measuring apparatus according to an embodiment. 1 is a rail, 2 is a wheel, 3 is a detection unit such as a photoelectric sensor that detects that the wheel has reached a measurement position, and 4 is a detection unit. A line beam (hereinafter referred to as “planar”) that extends in a plane parallel to the axle of the wheel 2 and perpendicular to the rail 1 at a predetermined distance from the rail 3 in the rail direction is applied to the wheel 2. The line illumination unit 5 for irradiating the image is input to an image of a CCD area sensor or the like that captures an image of the reflected light of the line beam outside the wheel 2 at a predetermined distance from the line illumination unit 4 in the rail direction. Reference numeral 6 denotes an image processing unit that processes the image captured by the image input unit 5 and converts the image into a cross-sectional profile in the radial direction of the wheel, 61 denotes an image storage unit that will be described later, and 7 denotes the wheel 2 by the detection unit 3. At the measurement position A control unit that activates the image input unit 5 and transmits the input signal to the image processing unit 6 when it is detected that it has reached, and displays the processing result in the image processing unit 6 in association with each wheel. The computer unit includes a monitor 81, a data storage unit (not shown) such as a hard disk for storing processing results, a personal computer main body 82 for performing various calculations, and a keyboard 83 for setting inspection modes and parameters. The computer unit 8 does not need to be installed at the measurement site. If the computer unit 8 is installed in a separate room to control the control unit 7 or receive data from the image processing unit 6 via a wired or wireless communication line. Good.
33は、車両がＩＤタグを備えており、車両情報を自動的に読み取ることができる場合の読み取り用ＩＤアンテナである。測定結果をデータベース化するに際して、車両がＩＤタグを備えていない場合は必要な車両情報をキーボード83から入力する。 33 is an ID antenna for reading when the vehicle includes an ID tag and vehicle information can be automatically read. When creating a database of measurement results, necessary vehicle information is input from the keyboard 83 if the vehicle does not have an ID tag.
図２は検出部３を示すレール方向から見た正面図で、発光部31と受光部32とが車輪をはさんで一直線上にレールと直角方向に配置されている。車輪２が光軸上に存在するときには発光部31から発射された光が遮られ、光軸の前を通過して所定位置（以下測定位置という）へ移動すると再び光が受光部32に到達するので、測定中発光部31は常に光を発射し、受光部32は光が一旦遮られてから再び受光するタイミングを待つ。制御部７は受光状態を常に監視し、再受光のタイミングで画像入力部５のシャッタを作動させ、取り込んだ画像信号を画像処理部６または画像保存部61に送信するよう制御する。 FIG. 2 is a front view of the detection unit 3 as viewed from the rail direction, in which the light emitting unit 31 and the light receiving unit 32 are arranged in a straight line across the wheel and perpendicular to the rail. When the wheel 2 is on the optical axis, the light emitted from the light emitting unit 31 is blocked, and the light reaches the light receiving unit 32 again after passing in front of the optical axis and moving to a predetermined position (hereinafter referred to as a measurement position). Therefore, during measurement, the light emitting unit 31 always emits light, and the light receiving unit 32 waits for the timing to receive light again after the light is once blocked. The control unit 7 constantly monitors the light reception state, operates the shutter of the image input unit 5 at the timing of re-light reception, and controls to transmit the captured image signal to the image processing unit 6 or the image storage unit 61.
図３はライン照明部４を示すレールと直角方向の側面図および正面図である。ライン照明部４はレーザ発光体のような点光源を使用し、特に図示しないがレンズおよびプリズムからなる光学系を使用して垂直方向に広がる面状のビームを発射するように構成されている。車輪２の中心から踏面部までの距離をＬ2とするとき、車輪２が前記の検出部３の前を通過して、車輪２の中心がＬ2よりも短い距離Ｌ1にまで接近すると、あたかも面状のビームによって車輪２が切断されるように配置されているから、切断面の輪郭と同じ輪郭線ｂが車輪２の踏面上に現れる。ただしこの輪郭線ｂは、これをレール方向から見ると、車輪外周の真のプロフィールである図３の輪郭線ａに対して、車輪の曲面に投影された分だけひずんだ像となっている。 FIG. 3 is a side view and a front view in a direction perpendicular to the rail showing the line illumination unit 4. The line illuminator 4 uses a point light source such as a laser emitter, and is configured to emit a planar beam that spreads in the vertical direction using an optical system that is not shown, but is composed of a lens and a prism. When the distance from the center of the wheel 2 to the tread portion and L 2, the wheels 2 through the front of the detector 3 of the, if the center of the wheel 2 approaches to a short distance L 1 than L 2, Since the wheel 2 is arranged to be cut by a planar beam, the same contour line b as the contour of the cut surface appears on the tread surface of the wheel 2. However, when viewed from the rail direction, this contour line b is an image distorted by the amount projected on the curved surface of the wheel with respect to the contour line a in FIG. 3 which is the true profile of the outer periphery of the wheel.
図４はライン照明部４と画像入力部５の位置関係を示す車輪測定装置の平面図である。画像入力部５はＣＣＤエリアセンサで構成され、車輪２が前記の測定位置到達を検知したタイミングで車輪２に照射されたビームが形成する車輪２のリム端部21から踏面部22を経てフランジ頂部に至る２次元画像を画像信号に変換して出力する。モニタに表示された２次元画像の一例を図５に示す。21はリム端部、22は踏面部、23はフランジ頂部である。 FIG. 4 is a plan view of the wheel measuring device showing the positional relationship between the line illumination unit 4 and the image input unit 5. The image input unit 5 is composed of a CCD area sensor, and the top of the flange passes from the rim end portion 21 of the wheel 2 formed by the beam irradiated to the wheel 2 at the timing when the wheel 2 detects the arrival of the measurement position through the tread portion 22. The two-dimensional image leading to is converted into an image signal and output. An example of the two-dimensional image displayed on the monitor is shown in FIG. 21 is a rim end portion, 22 is a tread surface portion, and 23 is a flange top portion.
画像入力部５の設置位置は、レールの外側の、しかも車輪下方の設備限界エリアの外側である。しかし本発明では追って説明するように前記の２次元画像に対して座標変換を行うため、画像入力部５の受像面をレールと直角方向に配置する必要がなく、図４に示したように車輪２の全幅を視野内に納めるよう光軸を車輪２の踏面に向けて設置することができ、ＣＣＤ撮像面を有効利用した高分解能画像を得ることができる。 The installation position of the image input unit 5 is outside the equipment limit area outside the rails and below the wheels. However, in the present invention, as will be described later, since coordinate conversion is performed on the two-dimensional image, it is not necessary to arrange the image receiving surface of the image input unit 5 in a direction perpendicular to the rail, and as shown in FIG. The optical axis can be set to face the tread surface of the wheel 2 so that the entire width of 2 is within the field of view, and a high-resolution image using the CCD imaging surface can be obtained.
なお、鉄道車両を停止させることなく各車輪が次々にこの車輪測定装置を通過して行くため、１つの車輪にかかわる処理は次の車輪が到着するまでの短い時間内に限定されることになる。そこで本発明では、車両の通過中は車輪の画像を画像保存部61に蓄える処理のみを行い、測定するすべての車輪が通過した後に蓄えられた画像を取り出して画像処理部６に出力するようにすることがより好ましい。 Since each wheel passes through the wheel measuring device one after another without stopping the railway vehicle, the processing related to one wheel is limited to a short time until the next wheel arrives. . Therefore, in the present invention, only the process of storing the wheel image in the image storage unit 61 is performed while the vehicle is passing, and the image stored after all the wheels to be measured have passed is extracted and output to the image processing unit 6. More preferably.
図６は画像処理部６における画像処理、すなわち座標変換の作業を説明する説明図である。まず図５に示したような２次元画像から各点の座標を抽出する。抽出された座標は、丸みを持つ車輪踏面をＣＣＤエリアセンサが下方から撮像していることにより、本来の踏面形状に比較してひずんでいる。そこで、抽出された座標を画像処理部６において処理して、ＣＣＤエリアセンサを原点とするカメラ座標（以下視点座標系という）からライン照明部４のレーザラインマーカを原点とするワールド座標に変換し、つぎに車輪を切断したレーザ光の投影方向から車輪の放射断面方向（半径方向）に座標を再変換して実際の車輪形状プロフィールを求める。 FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the image processing in the image processing unit 6, that is, the coordinate conversion operation. First, the coordinates of each point are extracted from the two-dimensional image as shown in FIG. The extracted coordinates are distorted compared to the original tread shape because the CCD tread sensor images the round tread surface from below. Therefore, the extracted coordinates are processed in the image processing unit 6 to convert the camera coordinates having the CCD area sensor as the origin (hereinafter referred to as the viewpoint coordinate system) into world coordinates having the laser line marker of the line illumination unit 4 as the origin. Next, the actual wheel shape profile is obtained by reconverting the coordinates from the projection direction of the laser beam that cuts the wheel to the radial direction (radial direction) of the wheel.
画像入力部５でＣＣＤエリアセンサの撮影面に結ばれ、取り込まれた画像は、カメラ視点を投影始点として光切断ラインを撮影面に透視投影されたものである。画像処理部６ではまずこの投影面座標をワールド座標に変換する。 The image input unit 5 is connected to the imaging surface of the CCD area sensor, and the captured image is a perspective projection of the light cutting line on the imaging surface with the camera viewpoint as the projection start point. First, the image processing unit 6 converts the projection plane coordinates into world coordinates.
図６において、
ａ）ワールド座標系 Ｏ−ＸＹＺ：Ｘ軸 レール方向
Ｚ軸 地面の法線方向
原点はレーザラインマーカ位置
ｂ）視点座標系 Ｅ−ｘｙｚ：カメラ視点のワールド座標を（Ｘe，Ｙe，Ｚe）
レール方向に対する方位角をμ
レール面に対する仰角をψ
ｃ）投影面座標系 ｏ−ｕｖ：カメラ視線のｘ軸方向に垂直な面で
ｕをｙ軸方向、ｖをｚ軸方向にとり正規化する
とするとき、
一般に空間上の任意の点Ｐがワールド座標系で（Ｘ，Ｙ，Ｚ）で表わされるとき、点Ｐの視点座標系における座標（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）は、
In FIG.
a) World coordinate system O-XYZ: X axis Rail direction
Z axis Normal direction of the ground
The origin is the position of the laser line marker. B) Viewpoint coordinate system E-xyz: The world coordinates of the camera viewpoint ( Xe , Ye , Ze )
Azimuth relative to rail direction is μ
The angle of elevation relative to the rail surface is ψ
c) Projection plane coordinate system o-uv: a plane perpendicular to the x-axis direction of the camera line of sight
When u is normalized in the y-axis direction and v is in the z-axis direction,
In general, when an arbitrary point P in space is represented by (X, Y, Z) in the world coordinate system, the coordinates (x, y, z) of the point P in the viewpoint coordinate system are:
で表わされる。
ここで、
It is represented by
here,
である。
点Ｐが撮影面上に投影された点Ｐ’の座標（ｕ，ｖ）は、視点から撮影面までの距離をfとすると、
ｕ ＝ −f・ｙ／ｘ
ｖ ＝ −f・ｚ／ｘ
で求められる。
It is.
The coordinates (u, v) of the point P ′ on which the point P is projected on the imaging surface are expressed as follows:
u = −f · y / x
v = −f · z / x
Is required.
実際には、投影面のカメラ画像を画像処理して三次元曲線である車輪踏面の光切断ラインを投影面に投影した二次元の座標列（ｕi,ｖi）を求め、それを前記の変換の逆変換により、光切断ラインの各点のワールド座標（Ｘi,Ｙi,Ｚi）を求める演算を行う。この逆変換は、二次元から三次元への線形変換であるから、（Ｘi,Ｙi,Ｚi）は一意には決められないが、ワールド座標系の光切断ラインの各点（Ｘi,Ｙi,Ｚi）はレーザ光でできる平面に含まれており、レーザスリットでできる平面はワールド座標系のＺＹ平面と平行であることから光切断ラインの各点のＸ座標は一定（０）であるという条件を用いることにより、
ｙ ＝ −（ｕ・ｘ）／f
ｚ ＝ −（ｖ・ｘ）／f
から次の（１）式が得られる。
Actually, the camera image of the projection plane is image-processed to obtain a two-dimensional coordinate sequence (u i , v i ) obtained by projecting the light cutting line of the wheel tread, which is a three-dimensional curve, onto the projection plane. An operation for obtaining the world coordinates (X i , Y i , Z i ) of each point of the light cutting line is performed by inverse conversion. Since this inverse transformation is a linear transformation from two dimensions to three dimensions, (X i , Y i , Z i ) cannot be uniquely determined, but each point (X i) of the light cutting line in the world coordinate system , Y i , Z i ) are included in the plane formed by the laser beam, and the plane formed by the laser slit is parallel to the ZY plane of the world coordinate system, so that the X coordinate of each point of the optical cutting line is constant (0 )
y = − (u · x) / f
z = − (v · x) / f
From the following equation (1) is obtained.
これをＸ，Ｙ，Ｚを未知数として解くことにより（２）式が得られ、撮影面（カメラ画像）上の座標（ｕ，ｖ）からワールド座標（Ｏ，Ｙ，Ｚ）が一意に求められる。 By solving this with X, Y, and Z as unknowns, Equation (2) is obtained, and the world coordinates (O, Y, Z) are uniquely obtained from the coordinates (u, v) on the imaging surface (camera image). .
図7はカメラ画像による見かけの車輪形状プロフィールＰ1を半径方向の断面プロフィールＰ2に変換する手順を説明する説明図である。前記のようにレーザラインマーカの軌跡をワールド座標に変換した後、車輪を半径方向の放射断面座標に再変換する。車輪の踏面のうち、リム端部とフランジ頂部はほとんど通常の走行によって摩耗しないと考えられるので、これらの部位の情報を基準として踏面部の半径方向の断面プロフィールＰ2を比例計算、あるいは三平方の定理等によって求めることができる。 FIG. 7 is an explanatory view for explaining the procedure for converting the apparent wheel shape profile P 1 by the camera image into the cross-sectional profile P 2 in the radial direction. After converting the locus of the laser line marker into world coordinates as described above, the wheel is converted again into radial radial cross-sectional coordinates. Of the tread of the wheel, the rim end and the top of the flange are considered to be hardly worn by normal running. Therefore, the cross-sectional profile P 2 in the radial direction of the tread is proportionally calculated based on the information of these parts, or three squares. It can be obtained by the theorem of
画像処理部６では、こうして得られた断面プロフィールから、図８に示すような車輪形状の各部の数値データを定義し、その値を求める。 The image processing unit 6 defines numerical data of each part of the wheel shape as shown in FIG. 8 from the sectional profile thus obtained, and obtains the value.
車輪の踏面の初期形状は複数のテーパを組み合わせた円錐面で定義されている。軌間1067ｍｍのＪＲ在来線車両を例にとると、車軸中心から560ｍｍのところを踏面位置、この位置の直径を車輪径、これから半径で10ｍｍ大きい部分の車軸中心からの距離をフランジ外面距離と定義する。図１０において、得られた断面プロフィールから、踏面位置における車輪径Ｄ、フランジ高さＨ、フランジ外面距離Ｓを求め、ＩＤタグの読み取り情報を紐付けして計算機部８のハードディスクなどの記憶装置にデータベースを蓄積し、要求にしたがって測定結果をモニタに表示し、削正をはじめとする車輪管理を行う。 The initial shape of the wheel tread is defined by a conical surface combining a plurality of tapers. Taking a JR conventional line vehicle with a gauge of 1067 mm as an example, the position of the tread surface is 560 mm from the axle center, the diameter of this position is the wheel diameter, and the distance from the axle center of the portion 10 mm larger in radius is the flange outer surface distance. To do. In FIG. 10, the wheel diameter D, the flange height H, and the flange outer surface distance S at the tread position are obtained from the obtained cross-sectional profile, and the ID tag read information is linked to a storage device such as a hard disk of the computer unit 8. The database is accumulated, the measurement results are displayed on the monitor according to the request, and wheel management including correction is performed.
１ レール
２ 車輪
３ 検出部
４ ライン照明部
５ 画像入力部
5a レンズ
5b ＣＣＤ
６ 画像処理部（画像信号処理装置）
７ 制御部
８ 計算機部
21 リム端部
22 踏面部
23 フランジ頂部
31 発光部
32 受光部
33 ＩＤアンテナ
41 側面用光源
42 踏面用光源
51 側面用カメラ
52 踏面用カメラ
61 画像保存部
81 モニタ
82 パソコン本体
83 キーボード
84 データ保存部
1 rail 2 wheel 3 detection unit 4 line illumination unit 5 image input unit
5a lens
5b CCD
6 Image processing unit (image signal processing device)
7 Control part 8 Computer part
21 Rim edge
22 Tread
23 Top of flange
31 Light emitter
32 Receiver
33 ID antenna
41 Light source for side
42 Light source for tread
51 Side camera
52 Tread camera
61 Image storage
81 Monitor
82 PC
83 keyboard
84 Data storage
Claims (2)
前記車輪が計測位置に到達したことを検出する検出部（３）と、
この検出部（３）からレール方向に所定の距離を隔てて、前記車輪（２）の車軸に平行で、かつレール（１）に直角方向の平面状に拡がりを有するラインビームを前記車輪踏面に向けて照射するライン照明部（４）と、
このライン照明部（４）からレール方向に所定の距離を隔てて、前記車輪（２）の外側で前記ラインビームの反射光の静止画像を１回撮影する画像入力部（５）と、
この画像入力部（５）に取り込まれた画像を処理して車輪（２）の半径方向の断面プロフィールに変換する画像処理部（６）と、
前記検出部（３）により車輪（２）が計測位置に到達したことを検出した時点で前記画像入力部（５）を作動させその入力信号を画像処理部（６）に送信する制御部（７）と、
前記画像処理部（６）における処理結果を車輪（２）毎に紐付けして表示・保存するモニタならびにデータ保存部を有する計算機部（８）と
から構成され、
前記画像入力部（５）が、車輪（２）の踏面の全幅を視野一杯に納めるよう光軸が車輪（２）の踏面の前記反射光の方向に正しく向いていることを特徴とする車輪測定装置。 A wheel measuring device for measuring a radial cross-sectional profile of a wheel (2) of a railway vehicle traveling on a rail (1) without stopping the railway vehicle,
A detection unit (3) for detecting that the wheel has reached the measurement position;
A line beam having a predetermined distance in the rail direction from the detection unit (3), parallel to the axle of the wheel (2) and extending in a plane perpendicular to the rail (1) is applied to the wheel tread . A line illumination section (4) for irradiating
An image input unit (5) that captures a still image of the reflected light of the line beam once outside the wheel (2) at a predetermined distance in the rail direction from the line illumination unit (4);
An image processing unit (6) for processing the image captured in the image input unit (5) and converting it into a cross-sectional profile in the radial direction of the wheel (2);
When the detection unit (3) detects that the wheel (2) has reached the measurement position, the control unit (7) operates the image input unit (5) and transmits the input signal to the image processing unit (6). )When,
A monitor for displaying and storing the processing result in the image processing unit (6) for each wheel (2), and a computer unit (8) having a data storage unit;
Wheel measurement characterized in that the image input unit (5) has its optical axis correctly oriented in the direction of the reflected light on the tread surface of the wheel (2) so that the entire width of the tread surface of the wheel (2) can be accommodated in the full field of view. apparatus.
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